This problem is a problem of ClamAV for ClamXav rather than the problem of ClamAV. On ClamXav, the owner of freshclam is root. And it has suid bit. Therefore freshclam for ClamXav runs as root from the beginning. The contents of a file unauthorized than the user is displayed because it runs as root.
If the owner of freshclam, cvd files and freshclam.log is "clamav", this problem is not caused even if freshclam has suid bit. And, any user can update the virus definition by using ClamXav.
However, I think that we should not do so. Because there is a possibility for the cracker that invaded the system to be able to put the option skillfully and to update to cvd files of the imitation. A better solution that I think about is as follows.
Suid bit is not put up to freshclam.
After confirming the manager authority, ClamXav updates cvd files.
ClamXav executes "sudo freshclam ...".
Suid bit should not be used as much as possible.
In addition, the best solution is to start freshclam as a demon when the system boot.