| Cheirogaleidae | Dwarf Lemurs and Mouse Lemurs |
| Lemuridae | Lemurs |
| Megaladapidae | Lepilemur | Indridae | Avahi, Indris, and Sifakas |
| Daubentoniidae | Aye-aye |
| Loridae | Pottos and Lorises |
| Galagoniidae | Galagos |
| Tarsiidae | Tarsiers |
| Callitrichidae | Marmosets and Tamarins |
| Cebidae | Cebid Monkeys |
| Cercopithecidae | Old World Monkeys |
| Hylobatidae | Gibbons and Siamang |
| Hominidae | Great Apes and Man |
How species of primates are threatened with extinction?
Of the world's 394 primate species, 114 are classified as threatened with extinction by the World Conservation Union. (IUCN)
Greater Dwarf Lemur Cheirogaleus major
Fat-tailed Dwarf Lemur Cheirogaleus medius
Coquerel's Mouse Lemur Microcebus coquereli
Lesser Mouse Lemur Microcebus murinus
Brown or Rufous Mouse Lemur Microcebus rufus
Brown Lemur Eulemur fulvus (E. Geoffroy, 1796)
Black Lemur Eulemur macaco (Linnaeus, 1766)
Mongoose Lemur Eulemur mongoz (Linnaeus, 1766)
Red-bellied Lemur Eulemur rubriventer (I. Geoffroy, 1850)
Golden Bamboo Lemur Hapalemur aureus
Gray Gentle Lemur Hapalemur griseus
Broad-nosed Gentle Lemur Hapalemur simus
Ring-tailed Lemur Lemur catta
Black and White Ruffed Lemur Varecia variegata
Milne-Edwards' Sportive Lemur Lepilemur edwardsi (Forbes, 1894)
White-Footed Sportive Lemur Lepilemur leucopus (Major, 1894)
Small-Toothed Sportive Lemur Lepilemur microdon (Forbes, 1894)
Weasel Sportive Lemur Lepilemur mustelinus I. Geoffroy, 1851
Red-Tailed Sportive Lemur Lepilemur ruficaudatus A. Grandidier, 1867
Northern Sportive Lemur Lepilemur septentrionalis Rumpler and Albignac, 1975
Indri Indri indri (Gmelin, 1788)
Diademed Sifaka Propithecus diadema Bennett, 1832
Golden-Crowned Sifaka Propithecus tattersalli Simons, 1988
Verreaux's Sifaka Propithecus verreauxi A. Grandidier, 1867
Angwantibo or Golden Potto Arctocebus calabarensis (J. A. Smith, 1860)
Slender Loris Loris tardigradus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Slow Loris Nycticebus coucang (Boddaert, 1785)
Pygmy Loris Nycticebus pygmaeus Bonhote, 1907
Potto Perodicticus potto (Muller, 1766)
Northern Needle-clawed Bush Baby Euoticus pallidus (Gray, 1863)
Allen's Bush Baby Galago alleni Waterhouse, 1838
Somali Bush Baby Galago gallarum Thomas, 1901
Matschie's Bush Baby Galago matschiei Lorenz, 1917
Southern Lesser Bush Baby Galago moholi A. Smith, 1836
Northern Lesser Galago or Northern Lesser Bushbaby Galago senegalensis E. Geoffroy, 1796
Demidoff's Bush Baby or Dwarf Galago Galagoides demidoff (Fischer, 1806)
Thomas's Bush Baby Galagoides thomasi
Zanzibar Bush Baby Galagoides zanzibaricus (Matschie, 1893)
Thick-tailed Greater Bush Baby or Thick-tailed Galago Otolemur crassicaudatus (E. Geoffroy, 1812)
Garnett's Greater Bush Baby Otolemur garnettii (Ogilby, 1838)
Dian's Tarsier Tarsius dianae Niemitz, Nietsch, Warter, and Rumpler, 1991
Pygmy Tarsier Tarsius pumilus Miller and Hollister, 1921
Spectral, Celebesian, or Eastern Tarsier Tarsius spectrum (Pallas, 1779)
Philippine Tarsier Tarsius syrichta (Linnaeus, 1758)
Bare-ear or Silvery Marmoset Callithrix argentata (Linnaeus, 1771)
Buffy Tufted-eared Marmoset Callithrix aurita (E. Geoffroy, 1812)
Buffy-headed Marmoset Callithrix flaviceps (Thomas, 1903)
Geoffroy's Tufted-eared Marmoset Callithrix geoffroyi (Humboldt, 1812)
Tassel-eared Marmoset Callithrix humeralifer (E. Geoffroy, 1812)
Common or Tufted-ear Marmoset Callithrix jacchus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Wied's Tufted-eared Marmoset Callithrix kuhlii (Wied-Neuwied, 1826)
Maues Marmoset Callithrix mauesi (Discovered in 1992)
Black Tufted-eared Marmoset Callithrix penicillata (E. Geoffroy, 1812)
Pygmy Marmoset Callithrix pygmaea (Spix, 1823)
Black-faced Lion Tamarin Leontopithecus caissara Lorini and Persson, 1990
Golden-headed Lion Tamarin Leontopithecus chrysomela (Kuhl, 1820)
Black Lion Tamarin Leontopithecus chrysopygus (Mikan, 1823)
Golden Lion Tamarin Leontopithecus rosalia (Linnaeus, 1766)
Brazilian Bare-face or Pied Tamarin Saquinus bicolor (Spix, 1823)
Saddleback Tamarin Saguinus fuscicollis (Spix, 1823)
Red-crested or Rufous-naped Tamarin Saguinus geoffroyi (Pucheran, 1845)
Emperor Tamarin Saguinus imperator (Goeldi, 1907)
Mottle-face Tamarin Saguinus inustus (Schwartz, 1951)
Red-chested Moustached or Red-bellied Tamarin Saguinus labiatus (E. Geoffroy, 1812)
White-footed or Silvery Brown Bare-face Tamarin Saguinus leucopus (Gunther, 1877)
Golden-handed or Black Tamarin Saguinus midas (Linnaeus, 1758)
Moustached or Black-chested Moustached Tamarin Saguinus mystax (Spix, 1823)
Spix's Black-mantle or Red and Black Tamarin Saguinus nigricollis (Spix, 1823)
Cotton-top Tamarin Saguinus oedipus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Golden-mantled Saddleback Tamarin Saguinus tripartitus (Milne-Edwards, 1878)
Subfamily Alouattinae - Howler Monkeys
Black Howler Monkey Aloutta caraya (Humboldt, 1812)
Aloutta coibensis Aloutta coibensis Thomas, 1902
Brown Howler Monkey Aloutta fusca (E. Geoffroy, 1812)
Mantled Howler Monkey Aloutta palliata (Gray, 1849)
Guatemalan Howler Monkey Aloutta pigra Lawrence, 1933
Aloutta sara Aloutta sara Elliot, 1910
Red Howler Monkey Aloutta seniculus (Linnaeus, 1766)
Aotus brumbacki Aotus brumbacki Hershkovitz, 1983
Aotus hershkovitzi Aotus hershkovitzi Ramirez-Cerquera, 1983
Aotus infulatus Aotus infulatus (Kuhl, 1820)
Aotus lemurinus Aotus lemurinus (I. Geoffroy, 1843)
Aotus miconax Aotus miconax Thomas, 1927
Aotus nancymaae Aotus nancymaae Hershkovitz, 1983
Aotus nigriceps Aotus nigriceps Dollman, 1909
Night Monkey, Owl Monkey, or Douroucouli Aotus trivirgatus (Humboldt, 1811)
Aotus vociferans Aotus vociferans (Spix, 1823)
Subfamily Atelinae - Wooly and Spider Monkeys
Ateles chamek Ateles chamek (Humboldt, 1812)
Brown-Headed Spider Monkey Ateles fusciceps Gray, 1866
Black-Handed Spider Monkey Ateles geoffroyi Kuhl, 1820
Ateles marginatus Ateles marginatus E. Geoffroy, 1809
Black Spider Monkey Ateles paniscus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Wooley Spider Monkey Brachyteles arachnoides (E. Geoffroy, 1806)
Yellow-tailed or Hendee's Wooly Monkey Lagothrix flavicauda Humboldt, 1812
Humboldt's Wooly Monkey Lagothrix lagothricha (Humboldt, 1812)
Callicebus caligatus Callicebus caligatus (Wagner, 1842)
Callicebus cinerascens Callicebus cinerascens (Spix, 1823)
Callicebus cupreus Callicebus cupreus (Spix, 1823)
Callicebus donacophilus Callicebus donacophilus (d'Orbigny, 1836)
Callicebus dubius Callicebus dubius Hershkovitz, 1988
Callicebus hoffmannsi Callicebus hoffmannsi Thomas, 1908
Callicebus modestus Callicebus modestus Lonnberg, 1939
Dusky Titi Callicebus moloch (Hoffmannsegg, 1807)
Callicebus oenanthe Callicebus oenanthe Thomas, 1924
Callicebus olallae Callicebus olallae Lonnberg, 1939
Masked Titi Callicebus personatus (E. Geoffroy, 1812)
Widow Monkey or White-Handed Titi Callicebus torquatus (Hoffmannsegg, 1807)
Black-capped or Tufted Capuchin Cebus apella (Linnaeus, 1758)
White-throated or White-faced Capuchin Cebus capucinus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Cebus olivaceus Cebus olivaceus Schomburgk, 1848
Saimiri boliviensis Saimiri boliviensis (I. Geoffroy and de Blainville, 1834)
Red-Backed Squirrel Monkey Saimiri oerstedii (Reinhardt, 1872)
Common Squirrel Monkey Saimiri sciureus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Saimiri ustus Saimiri ustus (I. Geoffroy, 1843)
Saimiri vanzolinii Saimiri vanzolinii Ayres, 1985
Black-headed Uakari Cacajao melanocephalus (Humboldt, 1812)
White-nosed Saki Chiropotes albinasus (I. Geoffroy and Deville, 1848)
Black or Bearded Saki Chiropotes satanas (Hoffmannsegg, 1807)
Pithecia aequatorialis Pithecia aequatorialis Hershkovitz, 1987
Pithecia albicans Pithecia albicans Gray, 1860
Pithecia irrorata Pithecia irrorata Gray, 1842
Monk Saki Pithecia monachus (E. Geoffroy, 1812)
Pale-headed or White-faced Saki Pithecia pithecia (Linnaeus, 1766)
Allenopithecus
Cercocebus - Mangabeys
Crested Mangabey Cercocebus galeritus Peters, 1879
White-collared, Red-capped, and Sooty Mangabey Cercocebus torquatus (Kerr, 1792)
Cercopithecus - Guenons
Redtail, Coppertail, or Black-cheecked White Nosed Monkey Cercopithecus ascanius (Audebert, 1799)
Cercopithecus campbelli Cercopithecus campbelli Waterhouse, 1838
Moustached Monkey Cercopithecus cephus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Diana Monkey Cercopithecus diana (Linnaeus, 1758)
Cercopithecus dryas Cercopithecus dryas Schwartz, 1932
Red-bellied Monkey Cercopithecus erythrogaster Gray, 1866
Red-eared Nose-spotted Monkey Cercopithecus erythrotis Waterhouse, 1838
Owl-faced or Hamlyn's Monkey Cercopithecus hamlyni Pocock, 1907
L'Hoest or Mountain Monkey Cercopithecus lhoesti Sclater, 1899
Mitis, Blue, Syke's, and Samango Monkey Cercopithecus mitis Wolf, 1822
Mona Monkey Cercopithecus mona (Schreber, 1774)
de Brazza Monkey Cercopithecus neglectus Schlegel, 1876
Lesser White-nosed or Spot-nosed Monkey Cercopithecus petaurista (Schreber, 1774)
Crowned Guenon Cercopithecus pogonias Bennett, 1833
Cercopithecus preussi Cercopithecus preussi Matschie, 1898
Cercopithecus sclateri Cercopithecus sclateri Pocock, 1904
Cercopithecus solatus Cercopithecus solatus M. J. S. Harrison, 1988
Cercopithecus wolfi Cercopithecus wolfi Meyer, 1891
Chlorocebus - Vervet Monkeys
Vervet Monkey Chlorocebus aethiops (Linnaeus, 1758)
Erythrocebus - Patas Monkey
Patas Monkey Erythrocebus patas (Schreber, 1775)
Lophocebus - Gray-cheeked and Black Mangabeys
Gray-cheeked and Black Mangabeys Lophocebus albigena Gray, 1870
Macaca - Macaques
Stumptailed Macaque Macaca artoides (I. Geoffroy, 1831)
Assamese Macaque Macaca assamensis (M'Clelland, 1840)
Formosan Rock Macaque Macaca cyclopis (Swinhoe, 1863)
Long-tailed or Crab-eating Macaque Macaca fascicularis (Raffles, 1821)
Japanese Macaque Macaca fuscata (Blyth, 1875)
Macaca maura Macaca maura (F. Schinz, 1825)
Rhesus Monkey Macaca mulatta (Zimmerman, 1780)
Pigtailed Macaque Macaca nemestrina (Linnaeus, 1766)
Celebes Macaque Macaca nigra (Desmarest, 1822)
Macaca ochreata Macaca ochreata (Ogilby, 1841)
Bonnet Macaque Macaca radiata (E. Geoffroy, 1812)
Lion-tailed Macaque Macaca silenus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Toque Macaque Macaca sinica (Linnaeus, 1771)
Barbary Macaque Macaca sylvanus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Macaca thibetana Macaca thibetana (Milne-Edwards, 1870)
Macaca tonkeana Macaca tonkeana (Meyer, 1899)
Mandrillus - Drills and Mandrills
Drill Mandrillus leucophaeus (F. Curvier, 1807)
Mandrill Mandrillus sphinx (Linnaeus, 1758)
Miopithecus - Talapoin Monkey
Talapoin Monkey Miopithecus talapoin (Schreber, 1774)
Papio - Baboons
Hamadryas Baboon Papio hamadryas (Linnaeus, 1758)
Theropithecus - Gelada
Gelada Theropithecus gelada (Ruppell, 1835)
Colobus - Black Colobus; Black-and-White Colobus Monkeys
Angolan Black-and-White Colobus Monkey Colobus angolensis Sclater, 1860
Guereza; Abyssinian Black-and-White Colobus Monkey Colobus guereza Ruppell, 1835
Western Black-and-White Colobus Monkey Colobus polykomos (Zimmerman, 1780)
Black Colobus Monkey Colobus satanus Waterhouse, 1838
Nasalis - Probosis Monkeys
Pig-tailed Langur Nasalis concolor (Miller, 1903)
Probosis Monkey Nasalis larvatus (Wurmb, 1787)
Presbytis - Leaf Monkeys
Grizzled Leaf Monkey Presbytis comata (Desmarest, 1822)
Banded Leaf Monkey Presbytis femoralis (Martin, 1838)
White Fronted Leaf Monkey Presbytis frontata (Muller, 1838)
Hose's Leaf Monkey Presbytis hosei (Thomas, 1889)
Mitered Leaf Monkey Presbytis melalophos (Raffles, 1821)
Mentawi Island Leaf Monkey Presbytis potenziani (Bonaparte, 1856)
Maroon Leaf Monkey Presbytis rubicunda (Muller, 1838)
Thomas's Leaf Monkey Presbytis thomasi (Collett, 1893)
Procolobus - Colobus Monkeys
Red Colobus Monkey Procolobus badius (Kerr, 1792)
Pennant's Red Colobus Procolobus pennantii Waterhouse, 1838
Preuss's Red Colobus Procolobus preussi (Matchie, 1900)
Tana River Red Colobus Procolobus rufomitratus (Peters, 1879)
Olive Colobus Monkey Procolobus verus (Van Beneden, 1838)
Pygathrix - Snub-nosed Monkeys
Tonkin Snub-nosed Monkey Pygathrix avunculus (Dollman, 1912)
Black or Yunnan Snub-nosed Monkey Pygathrix bieti Milne-Edwards, 1897
Guizhou Snub-nosed Monkey Pygathrix brelichi (Thomas, 1903)
Douc Langur or Red-shanked Douc Langur Pygathrix nemaeus (Linnaeus, 1771)
Black-shanked Douc Langur Pygathrix nigripes
Sichuan Golden Snub-nosed Monkey or Golden Monkey Pygathrix roxellana (Milne-Edwards, 1870)
Semnopithecus - Common, Hanuman, or Gray Langur
Common, Hanuman, or Gray Langur Semnopithecus entellus (Dufresne, 1797)
Trachypithecus - Leaf Monkeys and Langurs
Ebony Langur Trachypithecus auratus (E. Geoffroy, 1812)
Silvered Langur or Silvered Leaf Monkey Trachypithecus cristatus (Raffles, 1821)
Francois's Langur or Francois' Leaf Monkey Trachypithecus francoisi (Pousargues, 1898)
Golden Langur Trachypithecus geei Khajuria, 1956
Nilgiri Langur Trachypithecus johnii (Fischer, 1829)
Dusky or Spectacled Leaf Monkey Trachypithecus obscurus (Reid, 1837)
Phayre's Leaf Monkey Trachypithecus phayrei (Blyth, 1847)
Capped Leaf Monkey Trachypithecus pileatus (Blyth, 1843)
Purple-faced Leaf Monkey Trachypithecus vetulus (Erxleben, 1777)
Dark-handed Gibbon Hylobates agilis F. Cuvier, 1821
Black, Crested, or White-cheeked Gibbon Hylobates concolor (Harlan, 1826)
Golden-cheeked Gibbon Hylobates gabriellae (Thomas, 1909)
Hoolock Gibbon Hylobates hoolock (Harlan, 1834)
Kloss's Gibbon or Bilou Hylobates klossii (Miller, 1903)
White-handed or Lar Gibbon Hylobates lar (Linnaeus, 1771)
Chinese White-cheecked Gibbon Hylobates leucogenys (Ogilby, 1840)
Silvery Gibbon Hylobates moloch (Audebert, 1798)
Mueller's Gibbon Hylobates muelleri (Martin, 1841)
Pileated or Capped Gibbon Hylobates pileatus (Gray, 1861)
Siamang Hylobates syndactylus (Raffles, 1821)
Gorilla Gorilla gorilla (Savage and Wyman, 1847)
Man Homo sapiens (Linnaeus, 1758)
Bonobo Pan paniscus (Schwartz, 1929)
Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes (Blumenbach, 1775)
Orang-utan Pongo pygmaeus (Linnaeus, 1760)
The Primate Gallery uses the primate taxonomy by Colin Groves:
Groves, C. P. 1993. Order Primates. Pp. 243-277 in Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference, Volume 2. (D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder, eds.) Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington and London.
Note: This primate taxonomy will be updated in 2008 with a more comprehensive list of primate species, including many new species discovered since 1990.
An updated primate list is available at:
Mammal Species of the World: Primates
The third edition of Mammal species of the world is enhanced by the identification of subspecies, and by the inclusion of authority information for all synonyms. For further information about the book click here.
Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp.
For a book of primate photos and information covering many of the living primate species see:
Rowe, Noel 1996. The Pictorial Guide to the Living Primates. Pogonias Press, East Hampton, New York.
Copyright & Photo Credits
January 2008
