Gorillas | About | Gallery | Natural History | Conservation | Research | References

AN INCOMPLETE LIST OF GORILLA REFERENCES

provided by A. H. Harcourt.

AkÁakaya, H. R., and L. R. Ginzburg.  1991.  Ecological risk analysis for single
and multiple populations. Pages 73-87 in A. Seitz and V. Loeschke, eds.  Species
Conservation: A Population-Biological Approach.  Birkha¸ser Verlag, Basel.

Aveling, R. J.  1987.  Environmental education in developing countries. Pages
231-262 in C. W. Marsh and R. A. Mittermeier, eds.  Primate Conservation in the
Tropical Rain Forest.   Alan R. Liss, New York.

Butynski, T. M., and J. Kalina.  1993.  Three new mountain national parks for
Uganda. Oryx 27: 214-224.

Butynski, T. M., S. E. Werikhe, and J. Kalina.  In press.  Status, distribution
and conservation of the mountain gorilla in the Gorilla Game Reserve, Uganda. 
Primate Conservation In press.

Cavalieri, P., and P. Singer. (eds). 1993.  The Great Ape Project : Equality
Beyond Humanity.  Fourth Estate, London.

Durant, S. M., and G. M. Mace.  1994.  Species differences and population
structure in population viability analyses. Pages 67-91 in P. G. S. Olney, G. M.
Mace and A. T. C. Feistner, eds.  Creative Conservation. Interactive Management
of Wild and Captive Animals.  Chapman & Hall, London.

Fay, J.M.  1989.  Partial completion of a census of the western lowland gorilla
(Gorilla g. gorilla (Savage and Wyman)) in southwestern Central African Republic.
 Mammalia 53: 203-215.

Fay, J. M., and M. Agnagna.  1992.  Census of gorillas in northern Republic of
Congo. American Journal of Primatology 27: 275-284.

Fay, J. M., M. Agnagna, J. Moore, and R. Oko.  1989.  Gorillas (Gorilla gorilla
gorilla) in the Likouala swamp forests of North Central Congo: preliminary data
on populations and ecology.  International Journal of Primatology 10: 477 - 486.

Fossey, D.  1972.  Vocalizations of the mountain gorilla (Gorilla gorilla
beringei).  Animal Behaviour 20: 36-53.

Fossey, D.  1983. Gorillas in the Mist. Hodder and Stoughton, London.

Fossey, D., and A. H. Harcourt.  1977.  Feeding ecology of free ranging mountain
gorilla. Pages 415-447 in T. H. Clutton-Brock, ed.  Primate Ecology.   Academic
Press, London.

Garner, K. J., and O. A. Ryder.  1992.  Some applications of PCR to studies in
wildlife genetics.  Symposia of the Zoological Society of London 64: 167-181.

Goodall, A. G., and C. P. Groves.  1977.  The conservation of eastern gorillas.
Pages 599-637 in P. Rainier and G. H. Bourne, eds.  Primate Conservation. 
Academic Press, New York.

Groves, C. P.  1970.  Population systematics of gorilla.  Journal of Zoology,
London 161: 287-300.

Hall, J., and W. M. Wathaut.  1992.  Preliminary survey of the eastern lowland
gorilla. Gorilla Conservation News 6.

Harcourt, A. H.  1978.  Strategies of emigration and transfer by primates with
particular reference to gorillas.  Zeitschrift f¸r Tierpsychologie 48: 401-420.

Harcourt, A. H.  1979a.  Social relationships among adult female mountain
gorillas. Animal Behaviour 27: 251-264.

Harcourt, A. H.  1979b.  Social relationships between adult male and female
mountain gorillas.  Animal Behaviour.

Harcourt, A. H.  1981.  Can Uganda's gorillas survive? - A survey of the Bwindi
Forest Reserve.  Biological Conservation 19: 269-282.

Harcourt, A. H., and D. Fossey.  1981.  The Virunga gorillas: decline of an
'island' population.  African Journal of Ecology 19: 83-97.

Harcourt, A. H.  1986.  Gorilla conservation: anatomy of a campaign. Pages 31-46
in K. Benirschke, ed.  Primates. The Road to Self-Sustaining Populations. 
Springer-Verlag, New York.

Harcourt, A. H.  1995.  Population viability estimates: theory and practice for a
wild gorilla population.  Conservation Biology 9: 134-142.

Harcourt, A. H.  1996.  Is the gorilla a threatened species?  How should we
judge? Biological Conservation 7: 165-176.

Harcourt, A. H., and K. Curry-Lindahl.  1978.  Conservation of the mountain
gorilla and its habitat in Rwanda.  Environmental Conservation 6: 143-147.

Harcourt, A. H., and D. Fossey.  1981.  The Virunga gorillas: decline of an
'island' population.  African Journal of Ecology 19: 83-97.

Harcourt, A. H., D. Fossey, and J. Sabater Pi.  1981a.  Demography of Gorilla
gorilla. Journal of Zoology, London 195: 215-233.

Harcourt, A. H., D. Fossey, K. J. Stewart, and D. P. Watts.  1980.  Reproduction
in wild gorillas and some comparisons with chimpanzees.  Journal of Reproduction
and Fertility, Supplement 28: 59-70.

Harcourt, A. H., and A. F. G. Groom.  1972.  Gorilla census.  Oryx 11: 355-363.

Harcourt, A. H., J. Kineman, G. Campbell, J. Yamagiwa, and I. Redmond.  1983.
Conservation and the Virunga gorilla population.  African Journal of Ecology 21:
139-142.

Harcourt, A. H., and K. J. Stewart.  1987.  The influence of help in contests on
dominance rank in primates: hints from gorillas.  Animal Behaviour 35: 182-190.

Harcourt, A. H., and K. J. Stewart.  1989.  Functions of alliances in contests
within wild gorilla groups.  Behaviour 109: 176-190.

Harcourt, A. H., and K. J. Stewart.  in press.  Function and meaning of wild
gorilla 'close' calls. 2. Correlations with rank and relatedness.  Behaviour.

Harcourt, A.H. Stewart, K.J. & Fossey, D.  1976. Male emigration and female
transfer in wild mountain gorilla.   Nature,  263, 226-227.

Harcourt, A. H., K. J. Stewart, and D. Fossey.  1981b.  Gorilla reproduction in
the wild. Pages 265-279 in C. E. Graham, ed.  Reproductive Biology of the Great
Apes.  Academic Press, New York.

Harcourt, A. H., K. J. Stewart, and D. E. Harcourt.  1986.  Vocalizations and
social relationships of wild gorillas: a preliminary analysis. Pages 346-356 in
D. M. Taub and F. A. King, eds.  Current Perspectives in Primate Social Dynamics.
 Van Nostrand Rheinhold Co., New York.

Harcourt, A. H., K. J. Stewart, and M. Hauser.  1993.  Functions of wild gorilla
'close' calls. I. Repertoire, context, and interspecific comparison.  Behaviour
124: 89-122.

Harcourt, A. H., K. J. Stewart, and I. M. Inahoro.  1989.  Nigeria's gorillas: a
survey and recommendations.  Primate Conservation 10: 73-76.

Hill, W. C. O., and L. Harrison-Matthews.  1949.  The male external genitalia of
the Gorilla, with remarks on the os penis of other Hominoidea.  Proceedings of
the Zoological Society of London 119: 363-378.

IUCN. (ed.) 1988.  Threatened Primates of Africa. The IUCN Red Data Book.  IUCN,
Gland.

Kohnen, K.-H. (1992, December 1993). The "Strabag Road", a highly disputed
project. BRD-Newsletter, p. 3-4.

Kuroda, S.  1992.  Ecological interspecies relationships between gorillas and
chimpanzees in the Ndoki-Nouabale Reserve, Northern Congo. Pages 385-394 in N.
Itoigawa, Y. Sugiyama, G. P. Sackett and R. K. R. Thompson, eds.  Topics in
Primatology. 2. Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation.  University of Tokyo Press,
Tokyo.

Lee, P. C., J. Thornback, and E. L. Bennett.  1988. Threatened Primates of
Africa. The IUCN Red Data Book. IUCN, Gland.

Leidenroth, C. (1993, December 1993). Road threatens the rain forest and its
inhabitants. Gorilla Journal, p. 9.

Lovell, N. C.  1990. Patterns of Injury and Illness in Great Apes. Smithsonian
Institution Press, Washington, D.C.

Mace, G. M.  1988.  The genetic and demographic status of the Western lowland
gorilla (Gorilla g. gorilla) in captivity.  Journal of Zoology, London 216:
629-654.

Marler, P.  1976.  Social organization, communication and graded signals: the
chimpanzee and the gorilla. Pages 239-280 in P. P. G. Bateson and R. A. Hinde,
eds.  Growing Points in Ethology.  Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Marler, P., and R. Tenaza.  1977.  Signaling behavior of apes with special
reference to vocalization. Pages 965-1033 in T. Sebeok, ed.  How Animals
Communicate.  Indiana University Press, Bloomington.

Mitani, M.  1992.  Preliminary results of the studies on wild western lowland
gorillas and other sympatric diurnal primates in the Ndoki Forest, Northern
Congo. Pages 215-224 in N. Itoigawa, Y. Sugiyama, G. P. Sackett and R. K. R.
Thompson, eds.  Topics in Primatology. 2. Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation. 
University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo.

Mori, A.  1983.  Comparison of the communicative vocalizations and behaviors of
group ranging in eastern gorillas, chimpanzees and pygmy chimpanzees.  Primates
24: 486-500.

Mwanza, N., T. Maruhashi, T. Yumoto, and J. Yamagiwa.  1988.  Conservation of
eastern lowland gorillas in the Masisi region, Zaire.  Primate Conservation 9:
111-114. Nishida, T., and S. Kuroda.  1991.  Soil-scratching behaviour by Western
Lowland Gorillas.  Folia Primatologica 57: 48 - 51.

Nishihara, T.  1994.  Population density and group organization of gorillas
(Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in the NouabalÈ-Ndoki National Park.  Journal of
African Studies 44: 29-45.

Oko, R. A.  1992.  The present situation of conservation for wild gorillas in the
Congo. Pages 241-243 in N. Itoigawa, Y. Sugiyama, G. P. Sackett and R. K. R.
Thompson, eds. Topics in Primatology. 2. Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation. 
University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo.

Remis, M.  1995.  Effects of body size and social context on the arboreal
activities of lowland gorillas in the Central African Republic.  American Journal
of Physical Anthropology 97: 413-433.

Sabater Pi, J.  1981.  Exploitation of gorillas Gorilla gorilla gorilla Savage &
Wyman 1847 in Rio Muni, Republic of Equatorial Guinea, West Africa.  Biological
Conservation 19: 131-140.

Schaller, G. B.  1963. The Mountain Gorilla. Ecology and Behavior. University of
Chicago Press, Chicago.

Seyfarth, R. M., D. L. Cheney, A. H. Harcourt, and K. J. Stewart.  1994.  The
acoustic features of gorilla double-grunts and their relation to behavior. 
American Journal of Primatology 30: 31-50.

Sholley, C. (1990). Census of the Virunga gorilla population, 1989 No. African
Wildlife Foundation.

Short, R. V.  1979.  Sexual selection and its component parts, somatic and
genital selection, as illustrated by man and the great apes.  Advances in the
Study of Behavior 9: 131-158.

Sikubwabo, K.  1993.  Update on the Maiko Gorilla National Park.  Gorilla
Conservation Newsletter 7: 10-12.

Stewart, K., A. H. Harcourt, and D. P. Watts.  1988.  Determinants of fertility
in wild gorillas and other primates. Pages 22 - 38 in P. Diggory, M. Potts and S.
Teper, eds. Natural Human Fertility: Social and Biological Determinants. 
Macmillan Press, London.

Stewart, K. J., and A. H. Harcourt.  1987.  Gorillas: variation in female
relationships. Pages 155-164 in B. B. Smuts, D. L. Cheney, R. M. Seyfarth, R. W.
Wrangham and T. T. Struhsaker, eds.  Primate Societies.  University of Chicago
Press, Chicago.

Stewart, K. J., and A. H. Harcourt.  1995.  Gorilla's vocal behaviour during rest
periods: signals of impending departure.  Behaviour 130: 29-40.

Struhsaker, T. T.  1981.  Forest and primate conservation in East Africa. 
African Journal of Ecology 19: 99-114.

Tutin, C. E. G., and M. Fernandez.  1984.  Nationwide census of gorilla (Gorilla
g. gorilla) and chimpanzee (Pan t. troglodytes) populations in Gabon.  American
Journal of Primatology 6: 313-336.

Tutin, C. E. G., and M. Fernandez.  1985.  Foods consumed by sympatric
populations of Gorilla g. gorilla and Pan t. troglodytes in Gabon.  International
Journal of Primtatology 6: 27-43.

Tutin, C. E. G., M. Fernandez, M. E. Rogers, and E. A. Williamson.  1992.  A
preliminary analysis of the social structure of lowland gorillas in the LopÈ
Reserve, Gabon. Pages 245-253 in N. Itoigawa, Y. Sugiyama, G. P. Sackett and R.
K. R. Thompson, eds. Topics in Primatology. 2. Behavior, Ecology, and
Conservation.  University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo.

Vedder, A. (1987). Status of Gorilla gorilla 1987 No. 1). Primate Specialist
Group, IUCN.

Vedder, A. L.  1984.  Movement patterns of a group of free-ranging mountain
gorillas (Gorilla gorilla beringei) and their relation to food availability. 
American Journal of Primatology 7: 73-88.

Watts, D. P.  1991.  Strategies of habitat use by mountain gorillas.  Folia
Primatologica 56: 1-16.

Watts, D. P.  1992.  Social relationships of immigrant and resident female
mountain gorillas.1. Male-female relationships.  American Journal of Primatology
28: 159-181.

Watts, D. P.  1995.  Post-conflict social events in wild mountain gorillas
(Mammalia, Hominoidea) I. Social interactions between opponents.  Ethology 100:
139-157.

Watts, D. P.  1995.  Post-conflict social events in wild mountain gorillas .2.
Redirection, side direction, and consolation.  Ethology 100: 158-174.

Weber, A. W. (1987a). Ruhengeri and its Resources. An Environmental Profile of
the Ruhengeri Prefecture, Rwanda No. United States Agency for International
Development.

Weber, A. W.  1987b.  Socioecologic factors in the conservation of Afromontane
forest reserves. Pages 205-229 in C. W. Marsh and R. A. Mittermeier, eds. 
Primate Conservation in the Tropical Rain Forest.  Alan R. Liss, Inc, New York.

Weber, A. W., and A. L. Vedder.  1983.  Population dynamics of the Virunga
gorillas: 1959-1978.  Biological Conservation 26: 341-366.

White, L. J. T.  1994.  Biomass of rain forest mammals in the LopÈ Reserve,
Gabon. Journal of Animal Ecology 63: 499-512.

White, L., and C. E. G. Tutin.  In press.  Why chimpanzees and gorillas respond
differently to logging: a cautionary tale from Gabon. Pages in B. Weber, A.
Vedder and H. Simons Morland, eds.  African Rain Forest Ecology and Conservation.
 Yale University Press, New Haven.

Williamson, E. A., C. E. G. Tutin, M. E. Rogers, and M. Fernandez.  1990.
Composition of the diet of lowland gorillas at LopÈ in Gabon.  American Journal
of Primatology 21: 265-277.

Wrangham, R. W.  1979.  On the evolution of ape social systems.  Social Science
Information 18: 334-368.

Yamagiwa, J.  1987a.  Intra- and inter-group interactions of an all-male group of
Virunga mountian gorillas.  Primates 27: 1-30.

Yamagiwa, J.  1987b.  Male life history and the social structure of wild mountain
gorillas (Gorilla gorilla beringei). Pages 31-51 in S. Kawanao, J. H. Connell and
T. Hidaka, eds. Evolution and Coadaptation in Biotic Communities.  University of
Tokyo Press, Tokyo.

Yamagiwa, J., and e. al.  1991.  Research and conservation of eastern lowland
gorillas. Gorilla Conservation News 5.

Yamagiwa, J., N. Mwanza, A. Spangenberg, T. Maruhashi, T. Yumoto, A. Fischer, and
B. Steinhauer-Burkart.  1993.  A census of the eastern lowland gorillas Gorilla
gorilla graueri in Kahuzi-Biega National Park with reference to mountain gorillas
G. g. beringei in the Virunga region, Zaire.  Biological Conservation 64: 83-89.

Yamagiwa, J., N. Mwanza, A. Spangenberg, T. Maruhashi, T. Yumoto, A. Fischer, B.
Steinhauer-Burkart, and J. Refisch.  1992a.  Population density and ranging
pattern of chimpanzees in Kahuzi-Biega National Park, Zaire: a comparison with a
sympatric population of gorillas.  African Study Monographs 13: 217-230.

Yamagiwa, J., N. Mwanza, T. Yumoto, and T. Maruhashi.  1992b.  Travel distances
and food habits of eastern lowland gorillas: a comparative analysis. Pages
267-281 in N. Itoigawa, Y. Sugiyama, G. P. Sackett and R. K. R. Thompson, eds. 
Topics in Primatology. 2. Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation.  University of
Tokyo Press, Tokyo.

Yamagiwa, J., N. Mwanza, T. Yumoto, and T. Maruhashi.  1994.  Seasonal change in
the composition of the diet of eastern lowland gorillas.  Primates 35: 1-14.

Selected Gorilla References

Selected References - Berggorilla & Regenwald Direkthilfe
http://www.berggorilla.de/english/info/literatur.html

PrimateLit Database
http://primatelit.library.wisc.edu/


Gorillas Online
homepage.mac.com/gorillas/
Updated: 5 March 2005


Gorillas Online