notes and exercises on the perfect tense stem

perfects with present meaning (after Smyth §§1946–1947)

βεβηκα I stand or I am gone

γεγηθα I am glad (also called an intensive perfect)

δεδορκα I gaze (also called an intensive perfect)

εγνωκα I know

εισθισμαι I am accustomed

εστηκα I stand

ημφιεσμαι I am clothed in

κεκλημαι my name is

κεκτημαι I possess (freq. uses simple forms in oblique moods)

μεμνημαι I remember (as with κεκτημαι)

οιδα I know

πεποιθα I trust

πεφρικα I shudder (also called an intensive perfect)

πεφυκα I am (by nature)

τεθνηκα I am dead

some 2nd perfect forms

βεβασι, βεβως (<βαινω)

γεγως = γεγονως

δεδια = δεδοικα, δεδιως = δεδοικως

τεθναμεν, τεθνεως

εικως = εοικως

some exercises

1. We have loosed those who have been left behind (ptc. λειπω).

2. We have honored those who have freed (ptc. λυω) us.

3. They had harmed those who had not been freed.

4. He knew that she was dead.

5. She knew that we had arrived (<αφικνεομαι).

6. They saw the Athenians standing.

7. What is your name?

8. Did you know at that time what his name was?

9. What they have done is shameful!

10. They had been driven (<αγω) towards Athens.

11. Have you announced what has happened (<γιγνομαι)?

12. Had they announced that Socrates was dead?

13. If they had announced these things (not perfect in Greek), all would be well (ευ).

14. When did you know what had happened?

15. He has come (<ερχομαι) from Athens and his name is Eudaimon.

16. Having freed the Athenians, she fled.

17. Did you know that these women have freed the Athenians?

18. Have the gods been honored and have they sent any gifts?

19. I fear (not φοβεομαι) that she is dead.

20. We feared (not φοβεομαι) that they were dead.

21. He has announced that the gods have not sent gifts.

22. We feared that the gods had not been honored.