Cicero, In Catilinam 1 and 2

A list of all the vocabulary occuring in In Catilinam 1 and 2, arranged in descending order of frequency

quī, quae, quod250who, which, that; which? any
sum, esse, fuī225be, exist, live; happen; remain; be possible or allowable
in(preposition with acc/abl)135(with accusative) to; into; against; for; towards; until; in diēs day by day, every day; (with ablative) at; in; on; within; among
nōn(adverb)129not
hic, haec, hoc121this
112you (singular)
et(conjunction)111and; also; even; et ... et both ... and
ego102I; I myself
(conjunction)78if
rēs, rēī(fem)69thing, item; affair, business, matter; fact; ; world, universe, case (in law), suit, point at issue; power; valour; exploit; rēs nouae political changes, revolution; rēs pūblica republic, state
ille, illa, illud68he, she; it; that; the well-known; the former
ad(preposition with accusative)65to, towards, near by, at, before, up to, until, about
iam(adverb)60now, already
ut(adverb/conjunction)58in what manner, how; in the manner that, as; however; such as; inasmuch as, insofar as; how much or greatly; when, as soon as; ut ... ita as well as ... no less; while ... while; (conjunction) so that; in order that; as if; as if it were; namely, namely that; although; as is usual
quis, quid58who? which, what?
omnis, omnis, omne55all, every
is, ea, id53he, she, it; this, that
Catilīna, Catilīnae(masc)52L. Sergius Catiline
atque(conjunction)50and, and also, and even, and too; yet, nevertheless; (after words expressing comparison) as, than
urbs, urbis(fem)47city, city of Rome
pūblicus, pūblica, pūblicum46public, common; in the phrase res publica: 'commonwealth', 'state'
ā(preposition with ablative)46from; by (of the agent); away from; since
ac(conjunction)45and, and besides; than
sed(conjunction)45but; however; yet; but also; sed enim but in fact; sed etiam but also
possum, posse, potuī44be able (to do something); be able, strong
etiam(conjunction)44and also, too, besides; even now; yes indeed, yes; etiam atque etiam more and more, again and again
tuus, tua, tuum44your (singular)
uideō, uidēre, uīdī, uīsum43see; look at,observe, perceive, descry; understand; regard; take care; pay regard to; (in passive) appear, seem; be seen; be deemed or considerd
cum(conjunction)37with, together with
aut(conjunction)34or; or else, either
34himself, herself, itself, themselves
iste, ista, istud33this or that of yours; that which you refer to; the well-known
meus, mea, meum31my, mine
cum29with, together with
quam(adverb)29in what way; how; how much; than; tam ... quam as ... as
ex(preposition with ablative)28out of, from; down from, off; by; after; on account of; in accordance with
homō, hominis(masc)27human being, person, individual; nouus homō parvenu, upstart
uērō(adverb)26in fact, certainly, to be sure, indeed; moreover; on the other hand; yet
cīuis, cīuis(masc/fem)25citizen; countryman or woman
faciō, facere, fēcī, factum24make; do; fashion; cause; compose; practise; commit; render; value
ipse, ipsa, ipsum24he, she, it; self, very, identical
tam(adverb)24so; so much (as)
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum23say
scelus, sceleris(neut)23crime
(preposition with ablative)22down from; from; away from, out of; about; concerning; for
senātus, senātūs(masc)22senate, meeting of the senate
bellum, bellī(neut)21war, warfare, fighting, military force, fleet, belli = at war/in the field
neque(adverb/conjunction)21neither; nor; and not; neque nōn and also; neque ... neque neither ... nor
uolō, uelle, uoluī21be willing; wish, desire; want; mean, signify; maintain, claim
ūnus, ūna, ūnum20one; a, an; only; a single, alone, sole; one and the same; the one and only; a certain; in ūnum so as to form a single mass
hostis, hostis(masc/fem)20foreigner, enemy
nōs20we
enim(conjunction)19indeed, for, yes indeed; certainly; enim uērō positively! well, of course; certainly
nūllus, nūlla, nūllum19not any, no
tamen(conjunction)19nevertheless, all the same; yet; tamen etsī even though
tantus, tanta, tantum17so great
īdem, eadem, idem17the same
sentiō, sentīre, sensī, sensum17discern by the senses; feel, hear, see; undergo; perceive, notice; think, deem; vote, declare; intend
suus, sua, suum17his own, her own, its own, their own; especially dear to him; belonging to him at birth; normal to him; due or allotted to him; convenient for him
uīuō, uīuere, uīxī, uīctum17live, be alive; really live; live (on); live (by); pass one's life (in); survive
uērum(adverb)17in fact, certainly, to be sure, indeed; moreover; but in truth; but, yet, still
cōnsulō, cōnsulere, cōnsuluī, cōnsultum16take counsel; consider; consult (someone)
eō, īre, iī/īuī, itum16go; walk, march; flow; come in; ride, sail; turn out
nunc(adverb)16now, at present; nunc ... nunc one time ... another time
Quirītēs, Quirītum(masc)16citizens of Rome collectively in their peacetime functions
modo(adverb)16only; just now; provided that; if only; modo ... modo at one time ... at another
quod16that, in that, because; as to the fact that; although; since
exsilium, exsiliī(neut)15exile
inuidia, inuidiae(fem)15envy, jealousy; spite; dislike
nihil15nothing
cōnsul, cōnsulis(masc)14consul, one of the chief Roman magistrates
diū(comparative adverb)14a long while; long since; diūtius longer; diūtissimē very long
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātum14take; bring; carry; bear away; remove; plunder; bear with; lead; produce, bring forth; endure; receive; propose; exhibit; ferunt they say; fertur it is said
interficiō, interficere, interfēcī, interfectum14kill; destroy
perīculum, perīculī(neut)14trial, proof; danger, peril; risk; liability
putō, putāre, putāuī, putātum14trim, prune; assess, estimate, regard (as); think, suppose, believe
quidem(adverb)14indeed, certainly, in fact; nē ... quidem not even
bonum, bonī(neut)13good; wealth, goods; benefit; advantage; profit; virtue
cōnsilium, cōnsiliī(neut)13counsel, advice; reason; purpose, plan; stratagem; resolution, will; judgment
diēs, diēī(masc)13day; daylight; festival; red letter day (feminine); lifetime; in diem each day
ēiciō, ēicere, ēiēcī, ēiectum13throw or cast out; thrust out; expel; banish; vomit; dislocate; cast ashore; reject
noster, nostra, nostrum13our, our own, ours; one of us, our friend; favourable to us; dear, good
per(preposition with accusative)12through, throughout, all over; during; by (means of); for the sake of; (in compounds) thoroughly, very; by (in oaths, etc.)
(adverb)12lest, to prevent, to avoid
exspectō, exspectāre, exspectāuī, exspectātum12wait for, look forward to, lie in store for, expect, hope for, anticipate
magnus, magna, magnum12big, large, great
manus, manūs(fem)12hand; fist; handwriting; band of soldiers; company
uōs12you (plural)
autem(conjunction)11but; however; indeed; on the contrary
caedēs, caedis(fem)11killing, slaughter, gore, corpses
contrā(preposition)11opposite, against, facing, in the direction of, to the detriment of, in reply to, contrary to, otherwise than
dēnique(adverb)11at last, finally, in fact; in short
nefārius, nefāria, nefārium11offensive, unspeakably atrocious, wicked
nisi(conjunction)11if not; unless
perdō, perdere, perdidī, perditum11lose; destroy; ruin; waste; spoil, impair
modus, modī(masc)10measure; size; rhythm; metre; mode; manner; bound, limit; end; moderation
multus, multa, multum10much, great; many a; large, intense; assiduous; tedious
ueniō, uenīre, uēnī, uentum10come; go; arrive; arise, come to pass; proceed
castrum, castrī(neut)10fortified post, settlement; castra, castrōrum (plural) military camp; war-service; day's march; field of activity
domus, domūs/domī(fem)10house; home; household; family; native country; domī at home
exeō, exīre, exiī/exīuī, exitum10come/go out, march out, disembark, put out to sea, emerge, flow out, escape, become known, digress, pass, die, sprout, extend, develop into, result
Ītalia, Ītaliae(fem)10Italy
multō, multāre, multāuī, multātum10punish; fine
nox, noctis(fem)10night; darkness; blindness
patior, patī, passus sum10bear, endure; suffer; allow
patria, patriae(fem)10fatherland, native country; home, source
pertimēscō, pertimēscere, pertimuī10become very scared (of)
praesidium, praesidiī(neut)10help, assistance; defence, protection; convoy, escort; garrison; stronghold
Romānus, Romāna, Romānum10Roman, typically Roman
tempus, temporis(neut)10time, season; a sufficiency of time (for a particular purpose); opportunity; season (of the year); condition; (plural) times; temples of the head
uester, uestra, uestrum10your (plural)
uir, uirī(masc)10man; male; husband, lover; a true man; soldier
ūllus, ūlla, ūllum10any, any one
agō, agere, ēgī, āctum9drive, act, do, transact, carry off, apply, cause to bring forth, urge, deal, think, manage, exercise, perform, deliver (a speech), play (as an actor), behave (as), pass, spend, disturb; grātiās agō thank
cōgitō, cōgitāre, cōgitāuī, cōgitātum9consider, ponder, think; meditate; intend; look forward to; imagine
dēbeō, dēbēre, dēbuī, dēbitum9owe, be in debt; be obliged or bound or destined
fortis, fortis, forte9strong, powerful; hardy; courageous; valiant; manful
habeō, habēre, habuī, habitum9have, hold, possess; contain; handle, use; manage; esteem; regard, treat (as)
ita(adverb)9so, thus; even so; yes
mēns, mentis(fem)9mind, intellect, reason, design, intention, attitude, inclination, composure
ō(interjection)9oh! ō (sī) if only
prīdem(adverb)9some time ago, previously
summus, summa, summum9highest, greatest, very great; chief, principal; the farthest, utmost, last, extreme; very deep
uītō, uītāre, uītāuī, uītātum9avoid, dodge, shun
quodsi(conjunction)9'but if'
quamquam9although, admittedly, yet
sōlum(adverb)9only, merely; nōn sōlum ... sed not only ... but
ab(preposition with ablative)8from; by (of the agent); away from; since
aliēnus, aliēna, aliēnum8another's, foreign; contrary, averse, hostile; aes aliēnum debt
aliquī, aliquae, aliquod8some, any
animus, animī(masc)8mind, will, soul, desire, character; courage; anger; pride; pleasure, inclination; memory, judgment, consciousness, opinion; vital power, life; aequō animō with equanimity
audācia, audāciae(fem)8boldness; courage, valour; audacity
hinc(adverb)8from this place; henceforth; from this cause
immortālis, immortālis, immortāle8immortal; eternal
libīdō, libīdinis(fem)8desire, longing, one's will/pleasure, lust
loquor, loquī, locūtus sum8speak, talk, say; mention
māiōrēs, māiōrum(masc)8ancestors
mors, mortis(fem)8death; corpse; annihilation
num(adverb)8(in direct questions when the answer no is expected), whether (in indirect questions)
pater, patris(masc)8father; pater familiās head of a family; patrēs, patrēs cōnscrīptī (plural) senators
populus, populī(masc)8people, nation
relinquō, relinquere, relīquī, relictum8leave behind; leave; disregard
salūtō, salūtāre, salūtāuī, salūtātum8greet, salute; call to pay one's respects to
tandem(adverb)8at length, at last, after some time; really, I ask you, after all
timeō, timēre, timuī8fear, be afraid (of); be afraid (to)
uehemēns, uehementis8violent, vehement; vigorous, powerful, strong
cōpiae, cōpiārum(fem)8(military) forces, troops
hīc(adverb)8here; in the present circumstances
māior, māior, māius8greater; older; used substantively 'ancestors [of the Roman people]'
sciō, scīre, sciī/scīuī, scītum7know; know of
aes, aeris(neut)7copper ore, copper; bronze; money, pay, wages, bronze statue, etc.; aliēnum debt
ager, agrī(masc)7piece of land, territory, country, region, field, landed estate, the land
auctōritās, auctōritātis(fem)7right of ownership, sanction, approval, responsibility, informal decree of the senate, guidance, power, influence, authority, command, authoritativeness, opinion, dignity, prestige, ascendancy, esteem
causa, causae(fem)7cause, reason, motive; occasion; matter, subject; affair, business; process, suit; (political) party; causā (with genitive) for the sake of, because of
cōnscrībō, cōnscrībere, cōnscrīpsī, cōnscrīptum7enlist or enrol; compose, write
dēfendō, dēfendere, dēfendī, dēfēnsum7ward off, avert, prevent, protect, defend, take care, preserve, shelter, speak in defence (of), defend (a case), justify, maintain
ēdūcō, ēdūcere, ēdūxī, ēductum7lead or draw out; bring away; rear; educate; raise, produce
genus, generis(neut)7birth, descent, origin; offspring; race; kind; family; nation; gender
illinc(adverb)7thence; on that side
improbus, improba, improbum7morally unsound; disloyal; ill-disposed, shameless; excessive; presumptuous
intellegō, intellegere, intellēxī, intellēctum7understand, realize, deduce, recognise, appreciate, understand the meaning of (languages), exercise powers of understanding
metus, metūs(masc)7fear; anxiety; awe; object of dread
pars, partis(fem)7part, piece, portion, share; function, office; party, side, faction; pars...pars some...others; partēs, partium (plural) party; faction
pestis, pestis(fem)7plague, pestilence; destruction, ruin, death
potior, potior, potius7more powerful; preferable
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam7a certain
ratiō, ratiōnis(fem)7account; calculation, computation; sum, number; transaction, business; matter, affair; consideration of; judgement, reason; method, order; system, theory
tōtus, tōta, tōtum7all, the whole of, entire
uirtūs, uirtūtis(fem)7manliness, courage, virtue, goodness, potency
uīta, uītae(fem)7life; living, manner of life; the course of a life
exercitus, exercitūs(masc)7army; swarm, flock
potius(adverb)7rather, preferably; more (than)
prīuātus, prīuāta, prīuātum7private, one's own, not holding public office, unofficial, peculiar, special
proficīscor, proficīscī, profectus sum6set out, depart; proceed, arise or spring from
grauis, grauis, graue6heavy; weighty, burdensome; burdened; important; solemn; serious; grievous; difficult; deep (of sound); strong (of smell)
alius, alia, aliud6another; alius ... alius one ... another
at(conjunction)6but, yet; but then; on the contrary; at least
cēterus, cētera, cēterum6the other; cēterī (plural) the others, the rest
cīuitās, cīuitātis(fem)6citizenship; citizens; city; state
cōnferō, cōnferre, contulī, collātum6bring or carry together, collect, unite, join; compare; betake oneself, go
coniūrātiō, coniūrātiōnis(fem)6taking an oath together, plot, conspiracy, band of conspirators
cōnor, cōnārī, cōnātus sum6try, venture, undertake
crēdō, crēdere, crēdidī, crēditum6(with dative) believe, trust; entrust; think, be of the opinion
deus, deī(masc)6god
dux, ducis(masc/fem)6guide, driver, leader, commander, general
incendium, incendiī(neut)6fire, conflagration; passion; fiery heat
inter(preposition with accusative)6between, among; during
mālō, mālle, māluī6wish or choose rather, prefer
Manlius, Manliī(masc)6Manlius
oculus, oculī(masc)6eye; eyesight; bud
opprimō, opprimere, oppressī, oppressum6press on/against, squeeze, suffocate, conceal, overwhelm, overpower, crush, ruin, suppress, catch unawares
perniciēs, perniciēī(fem)6destruction, fatal injury, ruin, bane
poena, poenae(fem)6punishment, penalty; dare poenās to pay the penalty
prōficiō, prōficere, prōfēcī, prōfectum6make headway; advance; help; develop; be successful
Rōma, Rōmae(fem)6Rome
saepe(comparative adverb)6often, oftentimes, frequently
sīc(adverb)6in this or in such a manner, so, thus; to such an extent
spēs, spēī(fem)6hope; expectation; object of hope; joy
superior, superior, superius6upper, higher, further inland/upstream, preceding, previous, earlier, more exalted, more powerful, stronger
terra, terrae(fem)6earth; land, ground, soil; country; region
uocō, uocāre, uocāuī, uocātum6call; call upon, summon; name; invite; challenge; demand
quō(adverb)6whither; whither? for what purpose? what for? so that thereby
sine6without
quisquam, quicquam5any, any one, anybody, anything
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussum5order, command; decree
aliquandō(adverb)5once, some time in the future, ever, sometimes, eventually, while there is time
an(conjunction)5whether? or, either
arbitror, arbitrārī, arbitrātus sum5observe, perceive, pass sentence; believe, think
audiō, audīre, audiī/audīuī, audītum5hear; listen; regard; grant; obey
cōnstituō, cōnstituere, cōnstituī, cōnstitūtum5put, set, place, establish; set in place, constitute; decide, determine; fix, establish; range; build
cupiō, cupere, cupiī/cupīuī, cupītum5long for, desire; covet
dubitō, dubitāre, dubitāuī, dubitātum5be in doubt, be uncertain, consider arguable, waver
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductum5lead, conduct, draw, bring; guide; marry; persuade; deceive; draw out, prolong; think, esteem, consider; pass; spend
dum(conjunction)5while, as long as; until; provided that
ēgredior, ēgredī, ēgressus sum5march or come out; set sail; land; go beyond; ascend; overstep
etenim(conjunction)5and indeed, the fact is, for
facinus, facinoris(neut)5deed, crime, outrage
furor, furōris(masc)5fury, rage, madness
gladiātor, gladiātōris(masc)5gladiator, assassin
imperium, imperiī(neut)5command; rule; empire; supreme power
Kalendae, Kalendārum(fem)5the first day of the month
latrōcinium, latrōciniī(neut)5robbery with violence; bandit raid; pillage; band of robbers
maximus, maxima, maximum5greatest, etc. (superlative of magnus)
moenia, moenium(neut)5town walls, fortified town
nam(conjunction)5for
numerus, numerī(masc)5number; rhythm; measure; poetic metre; musical interval
numquam(adverb)5at no time, never; not in any circumstances
oportet, oportēre, oportuit5it is necessary or proper (that); it is inevitable that
optimus, optima, optimum5best
pereō, perīre, periī/perīuī, peritum5be destroyed, perish; disappear, vanish
praeclārus, praeclāra, praeclārum5very bright, brilliant
propter(preposition)5close to, because of, on account of, thanks to, by means of, for the sake of
proximus, proxima, proximum5nearest; next; immediately preceding, immediately following; next of kin
quantus, quanta, quantum5how great, as great as
reliquus, reliqua, reliquum5remaining; future; remaining alive
sānō, sānāre, sānāuī, sānātum5heal, cure, restore to health
sententia, sententiae(fem)5opinion, intention, purpose, vote, authoritative decision, decree, thought, idea, maxim, epigram, purport, main drift of an author, sentence
stuprum, stuprī(neut)5dishonour, shame, illicit sexual intercourse
supplicium, suppliciī(neut)5act performed to propitiate a deity; punishment; torment; penalty, punishment
taceō, tacēre, tacuī, tacitum5be silent; say nothing about
tum(adverb)5then, at that time, afterwards, besides, in that case, at that moment, thereupon, cum...tum = both...and
uīs(fem)5strength, force; power, energy; violence; meaning, significance; nature; efficacy; uīrēs, uirium (plural) strength; power; military strength
arma, armōrum(neut)5arms, weapons; tools; tackling; shield; soldiers, army; war; battle
prīmus, prīma, prīmum4first, foremost; most distinguished
stō, stāre, stetī, statum4stand, stand still or fixed; stand up, stand erect; endure, remain
āmentia, āmentiae(fem)4madness, stupidity
amō, amāre, amāuī, amātum4love, like, be fond of
apertus, aperta, apertum4open; public; exposed; wide, extended; cloudless; clear; frank
audeō, audēre, ausus sum4dare, venture
careō, carēre, caruī, caritum4(with ablative) be without, want; be absent from; be lacking in
certō, certāre, certāuī, certātum4fight, contend, strive
comparō, comparāre, comparāuī, comparātum4unite; compare; prepare; provide (for); acquire; raise (a force); appoint
colligō, conligere, conlēgī, conlēctum4collect, assemble; acquire; pick up; infer; reckon; sum up
cōnsulātus, cōnsulātūs(masc)4consulship, term of office as consul
crūdēlis, crūdēlis, crūdēle4cruel, bloodthirsty
custōdiō, custōdīre, custōdiī/custōdīuī, custōdītum4watch, guard; preserve; take heed; retain
deinde(adverb)4afterward; then; next
dēpellō, dēpellere, dēpulī, dēpulsum4drive away/off, wean, repel, expel, dismiss, force to stop, avert
dīligentia, dīligentiae(fem)4carefulness, attentiveness; economy, frugality
domesticus, domestica, domesticum4domestic, familiar; native; private, personal
ēmittō, ēmittere, ēmīsī, ēmissum4send out or forth; set free; fling; let fall; publish; empty; drain off
ērumpō, ērumpere, ērūpī, ēruptum4burst forth, break out, become suddenly visible, (of plants etc.) sprout, escape from one's lips
facilis, facilis, facile4easy; pliable; gentle; courteous; good-natured, affable
fateor, fatērī, fassus sum4concede, admit, confess, profess, declare, assent, say yes, acknowledge by one's behaviour
ferrum, ferrī(neut)4iron; sword; any tool of iron; weapon
fīō, fierī, factus sum4be made or done; happen; become; take place
fortūna, fortūnae(fem)4fortune; chance; luck; prosperity; condition; wealth, property
furō, furere, furuī4rage, be mad or furious; be wild
hice, haece, hoce4this
imperātor, imperātōris(masc)4ruler, commander, general, title of honour conferred on general by troops or senate, the Roman emperor
incrēdibilis, incrēdibilis, incrēdibile4incredible, unbelievable
īnsidiae, īnsidiārum(fem)4ambush, trap, plot
īnsidior, īnsidiārī, īnsidiātus sum4lie in wait, lie in ambush, make a treacherous attack (on), plot (against), set a trap for, be on the look-out
iūdicō, iūdicāre, iūdicāuī, iūdicātum4judge, adjudge, sentence, condemn, pass judgement, pronounce guilty, decree, decide upon, make up one's mind, estimate, appraise, assess the validity of an argument, consider (that), express an opinion about
iūstus, iūsta, iūstum4just, equitable; lawful; legitimate; well grounded; proper; right; regular; impartial
lēnitās, lēnitātis(fem)4slowness; gentleness, mildness
lēx, lēgis(fem)4law; rule; principle; condition
locus, locī(masc)4(plural locī and loca) place, location; rank; passage (in a book); subject of debate or discussion
magis(adverb)4more, rather
Metellus, Metellī(masc)4Metellus
metuō, metuere, metuī, metūtum4be afraid of; be afraid to; fear
mōs, mōris(masc)4custom, usage; manner; style; civilization; law; mōrēs (plural) character; behaviour; morals
nesciō, nescīre, nesciī/nescīuī, nescītum4not to know; be unfamiliar with
nocturnus, nocturna, nocturnum4nocturnal; under conditions of night
nōnne(adverb)4is it not the case that...?
Nouember, Nouembris(masc)4November
nouus, noua, nouum4new; young, recent; nouus homō first in one's family to attain the consulate; therefore sometimes used in a derogatory sense: 'noveau riche', 'parvenu'.
ōrdō, ōrdinis(masc)4row, regular series; order; class of citizens; arrangement; method; degree; rank
pāreō, pārēre, pāruī4be visible; (with dative) obey; comply with; be subject to; submit to
paulō(adverb)4by a little; somewhat
perferō, perferre, pertulī, perlātum4bear or carry through; finish, complete; convey; report; endure; undergo
perniciōsus, perniciōsa, perniciōsum4destructive, ruinous, fatal
polliceor, pollicērī, pollicitus sum4promise
praemittō, praemittere, praemīsī, praemissum4send in advance (of)
praetor, praetōris(masc)4leader, commander, magistrate in Rome (second to consul)
prīnceps, prīncipis4initiator, founder, master, chief man, leading citizen, head, emperor's title
quisque, quaeque, quodque/quicque/quidque4each, every, each single, anyone that
quotiēns(adverb)4how often?, how often!, whenever
referō, referre, rettulī, relātum4carry, bring or put back; tell, relate; propose; record; ascribe; repay; answer
seuēritās, seuēritātis(fem)4gravity, sternness, strictness, severity
socius, sociī(masc)4companion, comrade, (in pl.) members of a collegium, colleague, business partner, (in pl.) members of a societas, ally
templum, templī(neut)4temple, shrine; zone, space, region; plank
teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentum4hold, keep, possess; occupy; retain; hold a position; include; reach in journeying; maintain; detain, hold up; keep in check; bind
uereor, uerērī, ueritus sum4reverence, show respect for; be afraid of, fear that
uersō, uersāre, uersāuī, uersātum4keep turning round,keep going round, keep turning over; manoeuvre; 'manipulate'; versor come and go frequently; be in operation; be involved (in), concern oneself (in); dwell (upon); pass one's time (in)
uigilia, uigiliae(fem)4wakefulness, lying awake; watch, guard; patrol; watchfulness, vigilance
uigilō, uigilāre, uigilāuī, uigilātum4watch; be awake; stay awake; spend time (on a task) by remaining awake; spend (a night, etc.) awake; be watchful or alert
uitium, uitiī(neut)4fault, defect, blemish; error; shortcoming
uix(adverb)4with difficulty, hardly, scarcely, only just
uōx, uōcis(fem)4voice, sound, word, words; speech; language
ante4before, in front of
cōnsultum, cōnsultī(neut)4decision; decree
mōtus, mōtūs(fem)4motion, movement, manoeuvre, disturbance, civil disturbance, passion, emotion
multō(adverb)4much, by far; long (before or after)
maneō, manēre, mansī, mansum3remain, be left, stay, lodge, wait for, continue to be, persist, abide by, endure
moueō, mouēre, mōuī, mōtum3move, agitate, wield, strike (a musical instrument), (refl. or pass.) proceed, disturb, throw into turmoil, rouse, provoke, cause a change of attitude, soften, touch, annoy, undertake, bring forward in discussion
contineō, continēre, continuī, contentum3hold together, contain; retain; enclose, confine; hinder, prevent; stop
līberō, līberāre, līberāuī, līberātum3release, free; acquit; absolve
uindicō, uindicāre, uindicāuī, uindicātum3vindicate, lay legal claim to; save, preserve; free; avenge, punish; defend, protect
ūtor, ūtī, ūsus sum3(with ablative) use, make use of, employ; profit by, take advantage of; practise, exercise; experience
abs(preposition with ablative)3from; by (of the agent); away from; since
ācer, ācris, ācre3sharp, sour, pungent, piercing; violent; keen, furious, swift, active, ardent, courageous; drastic, critical
addūcō, addūcere, addūxī, adductum3bring or lead to; induce, contract, tighten
adeō(adverb)3thus far, so far as, so much, to such a degree, so; just, even, much more, much less
afferō, afferre, attulī, adlātum3bring to, bring word, allege, produce, contribute, cause
adhūc(adverb)3to this point, hitherto; yet, still; besides
assequor, assequī, assecūtus sum3follow on, pursue; overtake; gain, attain to; equal, rival; understand
aspiciō, aspicere, aspexī, aspectum3look at, behold; (geographically) look towards, face; consider, contemplate
breuis, breuis, breue3short, little, brief; small; concise; shallow
capiō, capere, cēpī, captum3take, seize, capture; get, obtain; captivate, win over; find out; understand; choose, select
carcer, carceris(masc)3prison, jail
clārus, clāra, clārum3clear, bright; loud, distinct; evident; illustrious, famous
coepiō, coepere, coepī, coeptum3start, begin
colōnia, colōniae(fem)3settlement, colony
commoueō, commouēre, commōuī, commōtum3move vigorously; stir up; excite; disturb; astonish; affect
concēdō, concēdere, concessī, concessum3go away, depart, withdraw; yield to, submit; allow, grant
cōnfīdō, cōnfīdere, cōnfīsus sum3with dat trust to, have confidence in
cōnsequor, cōnsequī, cōnsecūtus sum3follow after; overtake; get or obtain; procure; imitate; reach, come up to; befall; bring about, achieve
cōnseruō, cōnseruāre, cōnseruāuī, cōnseruātum3preserve, keep from danger; maintain
conueniō, conuenīre, conuēnī, conuentum3come together, assemble; meet; agree; fit, suit
conuīuium, conuīuiī(neut)3feast, entertainment, banquet
cūria, cūriae(fem)3meeting-hall, the Senate-house, the Senate, meeting of the Senate, a division of the Roman people
custōdia, custōdiae(fem)3watch, guard, care; watch-house; guard-post; confinement; prison
dēbilitō, dēbilitāre, dēbilitāuī, dēbilitātum3weaken; maim
dēcernō, dēcernere, dēcrēuī, dēcrētum3distinguish; judge; decide; settle; propose
dēdūcō, dēdūcere, dēdūxī, dēductum3lead away, draw out, turn aside; bring away or off; conduct; escort; derive; withdraw
dēficiō, dēficere, dēfēcī, dēfectum3fail; cease; faint; be discouraged; sink under; be wanting or defective; be lacking; die; abandon
dēserō, dēserere, dēseruī, dēsertum3forsake, abandon, desert
dēsignō, dēsignāre, dēsignāuī, dēsignātum3mark out, designate; denote; appoint; choose
dēsinō, dēsinere, dēsiī/dēsīuī, dēsitum3leave off, cease, desist
dīligēns, dīligentis3careful, diligent, frugal, thrifty
dō, dare, dedī, datum3give; ascribe; grant, permit; furnish, offer; lend; tell of; enable, cause
dolor, dolōris(masc)3pain; grief; anguish; sorrow; resentment
egeō, egēre, eguī3(+ gen or abl) need, want, require, feel the absence of, lack, dispense with
eques, equitis(masc)3horseman, rider, member of the equestrian order, 'knight'
ēripiō, ēripere, ēripuī, ēreptum3snatch away, carry off (property), rescue, (refl.) escape
exitium, exitiī(neut)3ruin, mischief; death
exsultō, exsultāre, exsultāuī, exsultātum3jump about; let oneself go; exult
fuga, fugae(fem)3flight; fleeing; avoidance; exile
Gallicus, Gallica, Gallicum3Gallic, of the Gauls
iaceō, iacēre, iacuī3lie; be situated; be still; lie still; lie dead; lie in ruins
iactō, iactāre, iactāuī, iactātum3throw, hurl; toss; utter with force; boast (of); torment; sē iactāre to glory (in)
impendeō, impendēre3hang over; impend; threaten
impius, impia, impium3irreverent; wicked; impious
inclūdō, inclūdere, inclūsī, inclūsum3shut in or up; enclose
intrā(preposition)3within; within the space of; under, fewer than
intus(adverb)3within, at home, within the city/town, inwards, privately
Iuppiter, Iovis(masc)3Jupiter
iūs, iūris(neut)3law; right; authority; court of justice
labor, labōris(masc)3labour, toil, exertion; hardship, distress
Laeca, Laecae(masc)3Laeca
latrō, latrōnis(masc)3robber, bandit, mercenary
lūx, lūcis(fem)3light (of the sun, stars, etc.); daylight, day; splendour; eyesight
luxuria, luxuriae(fem)3luxury, extravagance, rankness, thriving condition
mehercule(interjection)3by Hercules! assuredly (oath or asseveration)
mīles, mīlitis(masc)3soldier, soldier of the rank and file (opp. commander)
mōlior, mōlīrī, mōlītus sum3labour to bring about; strive; toil for, perform with effort
mūrus, mūrī(masc)3wall; city wall
nec(adverb/conjunction)3neither; nor; and not; nec nōn and also; nec ... nec neither ... nor
nōndum(adverb)3not yet
nūdus, nūda, nūdum3naked, bare; destitute; unarmed
ob(preposition with accusative)3for; by reason of
oblīuīscor, oblīuīscī, oblītus sum3forget
obsideō, obsidēre, obsēdī, obsessum3besiege, blockade; frequent; surround; occupy; throng
ōdī, ōdisse3hate; dislike
omittō, omittere, omīsī, omissum3let go; lay aside; give up; neglect; disregard; cease
orbis, orbis(masc)3disc, circle; orb; ring; wheel; circuit; the world; orbis terrārum or orbis terrae the world
pariēs, parietis(masc)3wall (of a house)
parricīda, parricīdae(masc/fem)3parricide (murderer); murderer of a near relative; traitor
partim(adverb)3partly, in part
patefaciō, patefacere, patefēcī, patefactum3reveal, expose, open, make available
Picēnus, Picēna, Picēnum3of Picenum (northern Italy)
plācō, plācāre, plācāuī, plācātum3calm, assuage, placate, appease
porta, portae(fem)3gate; entrance
posteritās, posteritātis(fem)3the future, posterity, immortality
postulō, postulāre, postulāuī, postulātum3ask for, demand, require, request, desire; accuse, prosecute
praesēns, praesentis3present, face to face, resolute, ready, effective, immediate, imminent, easily accessible, (of conditions etc.) actual
praeter(preposition)3past; except; excepting; along; beyond; unless, save
releuō, releuāre, releuāuī, releuātum3lift, raise; lighten; relieve; alleviate; refresh
remaneō, remanēre, remānsī3stay behind; remain, continue to be; persist
respondeō, respondēre, respondī, responsum3reply; say (write) in answer; say in refutation; answer a summons to appear
rogō, rogāre, rogāuī, rogātum3ask, question; propose (a law, a magistrate); request, solicit for favours
saluus, salua, saluum3safe, well, sound, undamaged, intact
sēcernō, sēcernere, sēcrēuī, sēcrētum3separate off; cut off; set aside; treat as distinct
sequor, sequī, secūtus sum3follow, come or go after, attend; pursue; aim at; comply (with), conform (to); succeed
seruiō, seruīre, seruiī/seruīuī, seruītum3(with dative) be a slave, serve, wait on; be of use (to); be subject (to); labour for
sīca, sīcae(fem)3dagger
similis, similis, simile3like, resembling, similar
sīn(conjunction)3if however, but if (despite what has been said)
Stator, Statōris(masc)3the Supporter, the Stayer (epithet of Jupiter)
studeō, studēre, studuī3with dat devote oneself to, concern oneself (with), strive after; concentrate on; support; study
studium, studiī(neut)3zeal, eagerness (for), study, application; devotion, goodwill, support
stultus, stulta, stultum3foolish, silly; inept
subferō, subferre, sustulī, sublātum3submit to, undergo, to suffer
subsellium, subselliī(neut)3bench, low seat; court, courts
tabula, tabulae(fem)3board, plank; votive-tablet; writing-tablet; letter, will; panel; picture; game board; tablet of stone or metal set up as a permanent record; (pl) account-books; document; will
tēlum, tēlī(neut)3missile, javelin; sword; (any offensive) weapon; sunbeam, thunderbolt
timor, timōris(masc)3fear; object or source of fear
tumultus, tumultūs(masc)3uproar, commotion, uprising, panic, alarm, turmoil, agitation (mental)
turpitūdō, turpitūdinis(fem)3dishonour, infamy
uastō, uastāre, uastāuī, uastātum3make desolate, plunder, ravage
ubi(adverb)3where; where? when
uel(conjunction)3or; even; for instance; or rather; even; (with superlatives) quite, altogether; uel ... uel either ... or
uerbum, uerbī(neut)3word; language; discourse
uetus, ueteris3aged, old; as he was in previous days; ueterēs, ueterum ancient writers and authorities
uidēlicet(adverb)3it is clear (that), evidently, plainly; namely; (expressing irony) of course, no doubt
uīrēs, uīrium(fem)3strength; control; resources, assets; value; meaning
umquam(adverb)3at any time, ever; at some time
uoluntās, uoluntātis(fem)3will, wish, choice, desire, inclination; good-will, sympathy; approval
iussus, iussūs(fem)3(only in ablative iussū) by order of
3lest, to prevent, to avoid
pactum, pactī(neut)3agreement, compact; manner, way; quō pactō?by what arrangement, how?
parēns, parentis3parent, ancestor, mother-city, inventor, source
permaneō, permanēre, permānsī, permānsum3continue or persist in staying; persist
sānē(adverb)3certainly; truly, 'and that's a fact'; admittedly
quare(adverb)3(= qua re) why, wherefore, on what account
exerceō, exercēre, exercuī, exercitum2drill, exercise; employ; practise; administer; cultivate; harass
ante(adverb)2before, in front of
certus, certa, certum2certain; sure, safe; distinct; agreed upon, known; steady, resolute, loyal
forum, forī(neut)2forum, market-place
honestus, honesta, honestum2worthy; decent; of high rank; honourable; handsome
īnferō, īnferre, intulī, illātum/inlātum2bring into or upon; introduce; bring forward (with hostile intention); produce, cause; direct; inflict; bury
abeō, abīre, abiī/abīuī, abitum2go away, depart; disappear; be changed; pass away; retire
abhorreō, abhorrēre, abhorruī2(usually with ab with abl) be averse (to), shudder at; be inconsistent (with)
abiciō, abicere, abiēcī, abiectum2throw away; slight, give up; humble, debase
absum, abesse, āfuī2be absent or away (from) or distant; be wanting
aciēs, aciēī(fem)2sharp edge, point; battle-array, line of battle; acuteness, sharpness
afficiō, afficere, affēcī, affectum2affect, do to, treat, manage; attack, afflict
adipīscor, adipīscī, adeptus sum2reach, get, obtain, arrive (at), overtake
administrō, administrāre, administrāuī, administrātum2administer, manage, serve
adulter, adulterī(masc)2adulterer
agrestis, agrestis, agreste2rustic, rude, wild, savage; agrestis, agrestis (masc.) countryman, peasant
āiō2to say yes, assent, affirm
amīcus, amīcī(masc)2friend, lover, supporter
amor, amōris(masc)2love; the beloved; (the god) Cupid; sexual desire
amplus, ampla, amplum (comp: amplius)2ample, large, wide; distinguished
animaduertō, animaduertere, animaduerteretī, animaduersum2observe, attend to, remark, notice, understand, perceive; avenge, punish, blame
annus, annī(masc)2year, season, age
anteā(adverb)2before, in the past, previously
antīquus, antīqua, antīquum2old, ancient; aged; of the old stamp, simple, honest, venerable
apud(preposition with accusative)2at the house of, at, by, near, with; among; in; before; in the time of; in the works of
aquila, aquilae(fem)2eagle; standard of a Roman legion
audāx, audācis2bold, courageous, audacious; desperate
Aurēlius, Aurēlia, Aurēlium2Aurelian; via Aurēlia a road leading from Rome to the maritime Alps; forum Aurēlium a small town in Etruria
auxilium, auxiliī(neut)2help, aid, assistance; auxiliary forces
beātus, beāta, beātum2happy, blessed; prosperous
campus, campī(masc)2plain, field, field of battle, recreational area, scope, opportunity, expanse of water, Campus Martius = open space in Rome near the Tiber
cārus, cāra, cārum2dear, costly; precious, loved
circumclūdō, circumclūdere, circumclūsī, circumclūsum2enclose on all sides
circumstō, circumstāre, circumstetī2stand round; surround
colōnus, colōnī(masc)2farmer
comes, comitis(masc/fem)2companion, comrade, friend, member of the same group, follower, devotee, partner, sharer
commūnis, commūnis, commūne2shared by, joint, common, general, ordinary; public
comperiō, comperīre, comperī, compertum2find out, learn, know for certain
complūrēs, complūra2several, many
comprehendō, comprehendere, comprehendī, comprehēnsum2seize or grasp; comprise; include; attack; embrace; describe; express; arrest or lay hold of; understand
comprimō, comprimere, compressī, compressum2press or squeeze together; keep or hold back or in; suppress
concitō, concitāre, concitāuī, concitātum2stir up, excite; disturb, rouse
concupīscō, concupīscere, concupiī/concupīuī, concupītum2long much for, covet, desire ardently
cōnficiō, cōnficere, cōnfēcī, cōnfectum2do, accomplish; finish; effect; arrange; produce, cause; conquer; kill; use up; consume, weaken, overwhelm; spend
cōnflīgō, cōnflīgere, cōnflīxī, cōnflīctum2strike together, collide, clash; strive; fight; dispute
coniciō, conicere, coniēcī, coniectum2throw together; cast, fling; drive; direct
cōnscientia, cōnscientiae(fem)2the holding of knowledge in common, complicity, consciousness, moral sense, conscience
cōnsulāris, cōnsulāris, cōnsulāre2consular; of or proper to a consul
conuincō, conuincere, conuīcī, conuictum2find guilty, convict, prove wrong, expose
conuocō, conuocāre, conuocāuī, conuocātum2call together, convoke, assemble
corpus, corporis(neut)2body; flesh; corpse; trunk; frame; corporation
cōtīdiē(adverb)2every day, daily
cūnctus, cūncta, cūnctum2all together, total, complete
cūr(adverb)2why?
cūra, cūrae(fem)2attention, care, responsibility; written work; anxiety, concern; trouble; love; object of love
dēferō, dēferre, dētulī, dēlātum2carry (down), fetch, deliver, transfer/remit money, submit accounts, report, denounce, entrust, confer
dēspērātus, dēspērāta, dēspērātum2desperate, despaired of
dēsum, dēesse, dēfuī2(with dative) be wanting, be lacking
dīlectus, dīlectūs(masc)2levy, recruitment, selection, choice, discrimination
discō, discere, didicī2learn, acquire knowledge of
dīs, dītis2rich, richly endowed, fertile
dissimulō, dissimulāre, dissimulāuī, dissimulātum2dissemble, disguise; hide; ignore
dubius, dubia, dubium2doubtful; variable; uncertain; dangerous; critical
ē(preposition with ablative)2out of, from; down from, off; by; after; on account of; in accordance with
ecquis, ecquid2is there anyone who?
efferō, efferre, extulī, ēlātum2take or carry out, remove; bear away a body for burial; bring forth, produce; utter; raise, advance; proclaim
effrēnō, effrēnāre, effrēnāuī, effrēnātum2unbridle, let loose
effugiō, effugere, effūgī2escape; flee from, avoid; be unnoticed; escape the knowledge of
egestās, egestātis(fem)2need, destitution, shortage, craving
errō, errāre, errāuī, errātum2wander or stray about; go astray; err, mistake; vacillate
Etrūria, Etrūriae(fem)2Etruria (district north of Rome and the Tiber)
exercitātiō, exercitātiōnis(fem)2exercise, practice
exhauriō, exhaurīre, exhausī, exhaustum2drain; empty; drink up; exhaust; see through to the end
exīstimō, exīstimāre, exīstimāuī, exīstimātum2judge, value, esteem as
exsistō, exsistere, exstitī, exstitum2step forth, appear; arise; become; prove to be
exsul, exsulis(masc/fem)2exile
externus, externa, externum2external, extraneous, foreign
extorqueō, extorquēre, extorsī, extortum2twist or wrench out; extort
famēs, famis(fem)2hunger; famine; craving
familia, familiae(fem)2household, all persons under the control of one man, whether relations, freedmen, or slaves; family; servants or slaves belonging to one master; estate
faucēs, faucium(fem)2throat; narrow entrance; defile; gulf, abyss
fax, facis(fem)2torch; firebrand; love-flame; fire, torment
fīdō, fīdere, fīsus sum2trust, have confidence in, be confident that
fīnis, fīnis(masc/fem)2boundary, limit; end; purpose; goal; death
flāgitiōsus, flāgitiōsa, flāgitiōsum(superlative adverb (from adjective))2shocking, scandalous, infamous
flāgitium, flāgitiī(neut)2shameful or base action; crime; scandal, disgrace
foedus, foederis(neut)2league, treaty; agreement
fortūnātus, fortūnāta, fortūnātum2lucky, happy, fortunate; rich
frīgus, frīgoris(neut)2cold, coldness; frost, winter
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestum2bear, carry; wear; have; carry on, perform, do; govern, administer; achieve; carry in the womb
Gracchus, Gracchī(masc)2Gracchus
grātia, grātiae(fem)2grace; gracefulness; good-will; kindness; favour; obligation; grātiās agere to thank; gratiā (with genitive) for the sake of, for the purpose of
grex, gregis(masc)2flock, herd; company; crew
hesternus, hesterna, hesternum2of yesterday
horribilis, horribilis, horribile2rough; terrible, horrible; monstrous
hūmānus, hūmāna, hūmānum2human; humane; civilized; considerate
immō(adverb)2rather, more correctly
impediō, impedīre, impediī/impedīuī, impedītum2entangle; hamper; hinder
impellō, impellere, impulī, impulsum2push or thrust against; impel; urge on
imperō, imperāre, imperāuī, imperātum2with dat command, rule (over)
importūnus, importūna, importūnum2inconvenient; troublesome
improbitās, improbitātis(fem)2want of principle, shamelessness
impudīcus, impudīca, impudīcum2unchaste, flouting the accepted sexual code
inānis, inānis, ināne2empty, hollow, wasted, deserted, unmanned, bare, poor, insubstantial, thin, empty-headed, false, illusory, unfulfilled, insignificant, unjustified, futile
industria, industriae(fem)2diligence, purposefulness
inertia, inertiae(fem)2unskilfulness; idleness, sloth
īnfestus, īnfesta, īnfestum2hostile; dangerous; disturbed
ingredior, ingredī, ingressus sum2step or go into, enter; begin; walk
inimīcus, inimīcī(masc)2enemy, foe
illūstrō, illūstrāre, illūstrāuī, illūstrātum2illuminate; make famous or illustrious; make clear
inopia, inopiae(fem)2want, scarcity; destitution, dearth
intersum, interesse, interfuī2be or lie between, be in the midst; be present; take part in; be different; interest it matters; it is of advantage
intestīnus, intestīna, intestīnum2internal; domestic, civil
inueniō, inuenīre, inuēnī, inuentum2invent; contrive; find; discover; manage to get
inuītō, inuītāre, inuītāuī, inuītātum2invite; entertain; allure, entice; incite
inūrō, inūrere, inussī, inustum2burn in (with a hot iron); brand (on or with)
iter, itineris(neut)2journey; march; route; road, foot-way
iūdicium, iūdiciī(neut)2legal proceedings, action, trial, jurisdiction, judgement, verdict, decision, determination, conviction, belief, view, opinion, esteem, taste, discretion
iuuentūs, iuuentūtis(fem)2youth
laus, laudis(fem)2praise; glory; excellence; merit
Lepidus, Lepidī(masc)2Lepidus
licet, licēre, licuit, licitum est2it is lawful, permitted, or allowed; one may or can
locuplēs, locuplētis2rich, well-to-do; rich (in)
mactō, mactāre, mactāuī, mactātum2endow, honour, afflict, punish, sacrifice, kill
malum, malī(neut)2evil, calamity, misfortune
mandō, mandāre, mandāuī, mandātum2commit to one's charge, commission; command; entrust (to)
manifestus, manifesta, manifestum2clear, evident; plainly guilty; flagrant
Manliānus, Manliāna, Manliānum2of Manlius
mare, maris(neut)2sea; sea-water
Massilia, Massiliae(fem)2Massilia (Marseille)
mātūrus, mātūra, mātūrum2ripe; mellow; mature; seasonable, timely; early; speedy
mediocris, mediocris, mediocre(adverb (from adjective))2moderate, medium, trivial, minor, middling, fair, ordinary, average, undistinguished
meditor, meditārī, meditātus sum2think about, ponder; intend; reflect, consider
melior, melior, melius2better (comparative of bonus)
meminī, meminisse2I remember, recollect, think of, am mindful of, bear in mind
memoria, memoriae(fem)2memory; recollection; time within remembrance; history
mereō, merēre, meruī, meritum2(also deponent mereor) earn, get; deserve; be rewarded
moneō, monēre, monuī, monitum2warn; advise; presage
morbus, morbī(masc)2sickness, disease, illness, distress; weakness, vice
mulier, mulieris(fem)2woman; wife, mistress
mūniō, mūnīre, mūniī/mūnīuī, mūnītum2fortify; build (a road); defend; safeguard
mūtō, mūtāre, mūtāuī, mūtātum2alter, change; exchange; shift; substitute (for)
nātiō, nātiōnis(fem)2people, race, nation, class of people, set, nationality
naufragus, naufraga, naufragum2shipwrecked; causing shipwreck; ruined
necessārius, necessāriī(masc)2close friend/relative
necesse(adverb)2essential; inevitable
neglegō, neglegere, neglēxī, neglēctum2not to heed, neglect; overlook; do without
negō, negāre, negāuī, negātum2say (that...not), deny, deny the existence of, say no, refuse, decline
nēquitia, nēquitiae(fem)2(moral) badness, vice; villainy; naughtiness
nex, necis(fem)2death, murder
nōminō, nōmināre, nōmināuī, nōminātum2name; nominate; accuse, speak concerning
nūper(adverb)2recently, in our own time
obscūrō, obscūrāre, obscūrāuī, obscūrātum2darken, obscure; conceal; make indistinct; cause to be forgotten
obstō, obstāre, obstitī, obstātum2with dat stand in the way of; block the path of; withstand; hinder
occīdō, occīdere, occīdī, occīsum2kill, slay
odium, odiī(neut)2hatred, spite; unpopularity
opus, operis(neut)2work, effort; structure; (plural) siege-works
ōrātiō, ōrātiōnis(fem)2the faculty of speech, conversation, language, dialect, literary style, statement, treatise, formal address, speech, oratory
parō, parāre, parāuī, parātum2get ready, prepare, furnish, provide; intend; plan; obtain; buy
parricīdium, parricīdiī(neut)2parricide (murder); murder of a near relation, treason, rebellion
pateō, patēre, patuī2be open, lie open; be exposed to; stretch out, extend
paucus, pauca, paucum2small, little, (in pl.) few
penitus(adverb)2inwardly; deep, deeply, far within; utterly, completely
pergō, pergere, perrēxī, perrēctum2advance; continue, proceed, go on
perpetuus, perpetua, perpetuum2uninterrupted; continuous; lasting; invariable
persaepe(adverb)2very often
perspiciō, perspicere, perspexī, perspectum2look or see through; look into; look at, examine, inspect; study, investigate
perterreō, perterrēre, perterruī, perterritum2frighten or terrify thoroughly
petō, petere, petiī/petīuī, petītum2make for; seek; seek after; attack; ask for, desire; be a candidate for
plānē(adverb)2plainly, clearly; utterly, quite
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positum2put, place; lay; station; plant; lay aside; appoint
possessiō, possessiōnis(fem)2possession; estate
post(preposition)2behind, after
posteā(adverb)2hereafter, thereafter, afterwards
postrēmus, postrēma, postrēmum2last; worst
prae(preposition with ablative)2before, in front of; in comparison with; in the face of, under the pressure of
praedicō, praedicāre, praedicāuī, praedicātum2proclaim, declare, cite, recommend
premō, premere, pressī, pressum2press, crush; oppress; thrust; overpower; afflict; pursue; have intercourse with
probō, probāre, probāuī, probātum2test; recommend; approve of; prove
profugiō, profugere, profūgī2flee, run away (from)
prope(preposition)2near
proprius, propria, proprium2one's own; personal; special; peculiar, proper
prōscrīptiō, prōscrīptiōnis(fem)2advertisement; proscription
prōsequor, prōsequī, prōsecūtus sum2follow up, pursue; accompany
prōuideō, prōuidēre, prōuīdī, prōuīsum2see in advance, foresee, consider in advance, provide for/against, take precautions, provide
pudor, pudōris(masc)2shame, shyness, modesty; decency; dishonour
pugnō, pugnāre, pugnāuī, pugnātum2fight; contend, clash
quaerō, quaerere, quaesiī/quaesīuī, quaesītum2look or search for; get, procure; inquire into
queror, querī, questus sum2complain, grumble, protest at/that
quia(conjunction)2because
quondam(adverb)2formerly, once (upon a time), some day, at times
quoniam(adverb)2seeing that, since, because
rapīna, rapīnae(fem)2plunder, booty; the carrying off of a person
rapiō, rapere, rapuī, raptum2snatch, tear or drag away; carry off; plunder; ravish
recognōscō, recognōscere, recognōuī, recognitum2recognize; recollect; examine; inspect
resideō, residēre, resēdī2sit, remain in a place; be left
reuocō, reuocāre, reuocāuī, reuocātum2call back, recall, summon back; restrain; reduce (to); refer (to); revoke
rēx, rēgis(masc)2king, tyrant, despot; master; leader, head; patron; great man
saltō, saltāre, saltāuī, saltātum2dance, jump; portray or represent in a dance
salūs, salūtis(fem)2health, well-being, safety; greeting, salutation
sānctus, sāncta, sānctum2sacred, inviolable; venerable; holy; upright, virtuous
sanguis, sanguinis(masc)2blood; race, family, consanguinity; life; vigour
Sāturnīnus, Sāturnīnī(masc)2Saturninus
scelerō, scelerāre, scelerāuī, scelerātum2defile
scortum, scortī(neut)2harlot, prostitute; male prostitute
semper(adverb)2always
sentīna, sentīnae(fem)2bilgewater; scum or dregs of society
sīcārius, sīcāriī(masc)2assassin, murderer
simul(adverb)2together, at the same time, as well
singulī, singulae, singula2one to each recipient; every single; individual; isolated
sodālis, sodālis(masc)2companion, comrade, crony
soleō, solēre, solitus sum2be accustomed (to), be apt (to), be the common practise
spērō, spērāre, spērāuī, spērātum2look forward to, hope for; hope; anticipate
Sulla, Sullae(masc)2Sulla
superō, superāre, superāuī, superātum2climb over; overtop; rise to a higher level; get beyond; surpass; be superior; defeat, surmount; survive; be present in excess of one's needs; abound; remain; remain alive; be situated beyond; vanquish
suscipiō, suscipere, suscēpī, susceptum2take (up), catch from below; support; receive; take under one's protection; adopt; undertake, perform; venture upon; accept; acknowledge (a new-born child); get or have a child
suspīciō, suspīciōnis(fem)2suspicion, inkling, faint indication
tamquam(adverb)2just as, just as if, as though, on the ground that
tempestās, tempestātis(fem)2period, season, weather, storm, violent disturbance
tolerō, tolerāre, tolerāuī, tolerātum2bear, endure, tolerate; support; provide food for
tot(indeclinable adjective)2so many, as many
Tullus, Tullī(masc)2Tullus
turpis, turpis, turpe(adverb (from adjective))2ugly; foul; disgraceful, dishonourable, degrading; loathsome; guilty of disgraceful behaviour; indecent, obscene
uadimōnium, uadimōniī(neut)2bail, security, surety
uexō, uexāre, uexāuī, uexātum2agitate, buffet; harry, ravage; afflict, upset; persecute; disturb
uia, uiae(fem)2way; road, passage; channel; march, journey; manner, method, means
uincō, uincere, uīcī, uictum2conquer, beat, prevail, prevail upon, surpass, outbid
uīnum, uīnī(neut)2wine
undique(adverb)2from all parts, from every quarter, on all sides, all around, on every part, everywhere
uolitō, uolitāre, uolitāuī, uolitātum2fly about; flutter, move swiftly through the air; go to and fro
uulnerō, uulnerāre, uulnerāuī, uulnerātum2wound, hurt, distress
uoluptās, uoluptātis(fem)2delight; pleasure; source of pleasure; sexual intercourse
urbānus, urbāna, urbānum2connected with the city (esp. Rome), urbane, sophisticated, witty
usque(adverb)2continuously, constantly; all along, all the way; all the while, as long or as far as, until; usque ad (with accusative) right up to
dummodo(conjunction)2so long as, provided that
prūdentia, prūdentiae(fem)2practical understanding; intelligence, prudence; practical grasp; foreknowledge
certē(adverb)2certainly, surely; really; yet indeed, at least
cōnfirmō, cōnfirmāre, cōnfirmāuī, cōnfirmātum2confirm; strengthen; encourage; prove; say boldly
falsus, falsa, falsum2false, wrong, spurious, unjustified, pretended, imitation, fictitious, imaginary, mendacious, deceitful, insincere, misleading
minus(adverb)2less; not so well; not quite
nōbilis, nōbilis, nōbile2famous, celebrated; high-born; superior
palam(adverb)2openly, publicly, plainly
permoueō, permouēre, permōuī, permōtum2move violently, agitate, influence, excite, arouse
praetermittō, praetermittere, praetermīsī, praetermissum2let pass; omit, neglect; pass over, make no mention of
prīmum(adverb)2first, in the first place, at the beginning; for the first time
profectō(adverb)2without question, undoubtedly, assuredly
satis(adverb)2sufficient, enough; adequately, sufficiently; satius better, preferable
subitō(adverb)2suddenly, unexpectedly, at short notice, quickly
tantum(adverb)2so much, to such a degree, so; only, just, merely; tantum nōn all but, almost
ueneror, uenerārī, uenerātus sum2worship, revere, venerate; honour; supplicate
cōpia, cōpiae(fem)1abundance, plenty; riches; store; provisions; ability; power; opportunity, means
sinō, sinere, siī/sīuī, situm1let, leave; allow, permit, leave alone, let be; grant
fallō, fallere, fefellī, falsum1cheat, deceive; disappoint; escape notice
minor, minor, minus1smaller, lesser, younger, etc. (comparative of paruus)
miser, misera, miserum1wretched, unfortunate, miserable; distressing
quiēscō, quiēscere, quiēuī, quiētum1rest, keep quiet; repose in sleep
sānus, sāna, sānum1healthy; sound in mind, rational
subeō, subīre, subiī/subīuī, subitum1go, move or pass underneath; come up to, approach; undergo, endure; come next; succeed to; steal in on, come over; suggest itself
complector, complectī, complexus sum1clasp; encompass, embrace; lay hold of; contain; comprehend (mentally)
contendō, contendere, contendī, contentum1stretch, strain; hurl; contend; fight; dispute
discēdō, discēdere, discessī, discessum1go off in different directions; march off; be divided; cease; die; depart from
intereō, interīre, interiī, interitum1perish, die; be ruined; cease
morior, morī, mortuus sum1die; fail; decay
nāscor, nāscī, nātus sum1be born; proceed (from), rise; grow
sileō, silēre, siluī1be silent, not to speak (about); be quiet; not to function
ualeō, ualēre, ualuī, ualītum1be powerful, have strength, be strong enough (to), be fit, be well, be potent, have superior power/resources, be effective, succeed, have influence, have authority, be valid, hold good, be worth, vale! = goodbye!
uērus, uēra, uērum1true, real, genuine; just; right; proper
abundantia, abundantiae(fem)1overflow, excess, abundance, superabundance
abūtor, abūtī, abūsus sum1use up, waste; misuse
accēdō, accēdere, accessī, accessum1go or come to, approach; attack; fall to one's share, be added, come over to; be like; enter, enter upon
accelerō, accelerāre, accelerāuī, accelerātum1quicken, cause to speed up, hasten, hurry
accidō, accidere, accidī1fall down, prostrate oneself, (of news etc.) be heard, impinge upon, happen, occur, turn out, (impers.) it is the case that/it happens that
accubō, accubāre, accubuī, accubitum1lie at, by, or beside
accūsō, accūsāre, accūsāuī, accūsātum1blame, censure, accuse, charge
acerbus, acerba, acerbum1unripe, sour, bitter; crude; shrill, rough, violent; severe; grievous
adflīctō, adflīctāre, adflīctāuī, adflīctātum1strike repeatedly, damage, vex
adflīgō, adflīgere, adflīxī, adflīctum1afflict, throw down, crush, grieve, humble, weaken
aggregō, aggregāre, aggregāuī, aggregātum1join together, attach
adhibeō, adhibēre, adhibuī, adhibitum1apply, use; invite, admit; to furnish, produce
adiuuō, adiuuāre, adiūuī, adiūtum1assist, help, cherish, favour, mitigate
administer, administrī(masc)1servant, assistant, supporter
acquīrō, acquīrere, acquīsīuī, acquīsītum1acquire, gain, get, obtain
adseruō, adseruāre, adseruāuī, adseruātum1keep, preserve, watch, observe
assīdō, assīdere, assēdī1sit down
assuēfaciō, assuēfacere, assuēfēcī, adsuēfactum1accustom (to)
adsum, adesse, adfuī1be near, be present, arrive; (with dative) aid
aduentus, aduentūs(masc)1arrival, approach, attack
adulēscēns, adulēscentis(masc/fem)1youth (male or female)
adulescentulus, adulescentula, adulescentulum1very youthful, quite young
aedificium, aedificiī(neut)1building
aedificō, aedificāre, aedificāuī, aedificātum1build, make, create
aedis, aedis(fem)1sing temple; pl house, room
aeger, aegra, aegrum1sick, infirm, sad, sorrowful, painful, grievous
aequitās, aequitātis(fem)1evenness, conformity, symmetry, equanimity, fairness, impartiality
aequus, aequa, aequum1level, flat, equal, evenly poised, reciprocated, even-handed, fair, just, fair-minded, favourable, friendly, indulgent, sympathetic, tranquil
aerārium, aerāriī(neut)1treasury
aestus, aestūs(masc)1heat, fire; summer; tide, swell of the sea; passion, agitation
aetās, aetātis(fem)1life-time, age, period; generation; time of life
aeternus, aeterna, aeternum1eternal, everlasting, imperishable
agnōscō, agnōscere, agnōuī, agnitum1recognize, identify, acknowledge; acknowledge as true, assent to; understand,perceive
Ahāla, Ahālae(masc)1family name of the gens Servilia, esp. Gaius Servilius Ahala
ālea, āleae(fem)1die, dice-play, gambling, chance, venture, risk
āleātor, āleātōris(masc)1dice-player, gambler
aliquot(indeclinable adjective)1some, a number of
alō, alere, aluī, altum/alitum1nurse, nourish, maintain; promote; cherish
altāria, altārium(neut)1altar, burnt-offerings
alter, altera, alterum1another, the other, any other, the former, the latter; unus et alter one or two, a few
angulus, angulī(masc)1angle, corner, nook, out-of-the-way spot
anhēlō, anhēlāre, anhēlāuī, anhēlātum1pant, gasp, breathe out, exhale
antelūcānus, antelūcāna, antelūcānum1before daybreak
apparātus, apparāta, apparātum1prepared, ready; splendid, sumptuous
appellō, appellāre, appellāuī, appellātum1call upon; address; appeal (to); bring into court; accuse; name
Appennīnus, Appennīnī(masc)1the Apennines
appropinquō, appropinquāre, appropinquāuī, appropinquātum1approach, draw near
Āpūlia, Āpūliae(fem)1Apulia (district in south-east Italy)
aqua, aquae(fem)1water; rain; sea; lake; river
arceō, arcēre, arcuī1keep off, prevent; protect
ardeō, ardēre, arsī, arsum1burn, blaze; flash; glow, sparkle; be inflamed
argenteus, argentea, argenteum1of silver; silvery
argentum, argentī(neut)1silver; silver plate; money
ascīscō, ascīscere, ascīuī, ascītum1receive, admit, approve of, associate; appropriate, adopt
atrōx, atrōcis1dreadful, frightful, fierce, alarming, violent, cruel, savage, shocking, heinous, unrelenting
attendō, attendere, attendī, attentum1turn towards; apply; attend to, listen carefully
attribuō, attribuere, attribuī, attribūtum1assign; attribute or impute to
auctiōnārius, auctiōnāria, auctiōnārium1pertaining to an auction
auctor, auctōris(masc/fem)1creator, maker, inventor; leader; founder, author
auris, auris(fem)1ear; hearing
auspicium, auspiciī(neut)1auspices; the right of taking auspices; leadership, authority; sign, omen
auus, auī(masc)1grandfather; ancestor
bacchor, bacchārī, bacchātus sum1celebrate the rites of Bacchus; revel, rave; riot, run wild
barbātus, barbāta, barbātum1bearded; adult
bene(adverb)1well, rightly, beautifully; fortuitously, opportunely
beneficium, beneficiī(neut)1benefit, kindness, favour, assistance
bibō, bibere, bibī, bibitum1drink; imbibe; absorb, suck up; drink in
bonus, bona, bonum1good; kind; beautiful; pleasant; right; considerable; virtuous; promising, happy; favourable; high, honourable
caelum, caelī(neut)1sky, heavens, air, atmosphere, weather, climate
calamitās, calamitātis(fem)1disaster, ruin, defeat
cantō, cantāre, cantāuī, cantātum1sing; play, recite; praise; forewarn; enchant; bewitch
capillus, capillī(masc)1hair of the head; hair
capitālis, capitālis, capitāle1belonging to the head or life; deadly, mortal; dangerous; excellent, first-rate
cāsus, cāsūs(masc)1disaster, misfortune
cēdō, cēdere, cessī, cessum1go, walk; turn out, come to pass; fall to, devolve; yield, give way; withdraw; go off; succeed; allow, grant; give up
cēna, cēnae(fem)1dinner, supper, course for dinner
centuriō, centuriōnis(masc)1centurion
certāmen, certāminis(neut)1competition, rivalry, fight, contest, quarrel, legal dispute, philosophical argument
cibus, cibī(masc)1food; fare
cinis, cineris(masc/fem)1ashes; ruins
circumscrīptor, circumscrīptōris(masc)1cheat; defrauder
clāmō, clāmāre, clāmāuī, clāmātum1shout, shout out
clēmēns, clēmentis1merciful, gentle, mild; quiet, peaceable; courteous; moderate
coerceō, coercēre, coercuī, coercitum1confine, preserve, enclose, restrict, restrain, keep under control, check, punish
coetus, coetūs(masc)1meeting, assembly, company
cōgitātiō, cōgitātiōnis(fem)1thinking, meditation; thought; intention; plan; opinion; reasoning power
cognōscō, cognōscere, cognōuī, cognitum1to become acquainted with, acquire knowledge of, ascertain, learn, perceive, understand
cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctum1drive together; collect; curdle; force, compel; prove conclusively
cohors, cohortis(fem)1cohort, retinue, staff, entourage, any group, farmyard
cōmissātiō, cōmissātiōnis(fem)1merry-making, revelling
comitium, comitiī(neut)1a place in the forum, where the comitia were held; comitia, ōrum n pl elections
commendātiō, commendātiōnis(fem)1entrusting; recommendation; excellence; approval
committō, committere, commīsī, commissum1join, unite; commit, entrust; match (one against another); compare; venture; begin; engage in
competītor, competītōris(masc)1rival, competitor
cōnātus, cōnātūs(masc)1attempt, undertaking; effort; impulse
concidō, concidere, concidī1fall down or into decay; fail; faint; be slain; die
concipiō, concipere, concēpī, conceptum1conceive, devise; understand; take in; produce, form
concordia, concordiae(fem)1harmony, concord, conjunction, union
concursus, concursūs(masc)1assembly, concourse, attack, encounter, collision, conjunction, concurrence
condemnō, condemnāre, condemnāuī, condemnātum1condemn, doom; convict
condiciō, condiciōnis(fem)1condition, situation, rank; stipulation; term, agreement; marriage; married person
cōnferciō, cōnfercīre, cōnfersī, cōnfertum1stuff, stuff together, press close together
cōnfestim(adverb)1immediately, speedily
cōnflagrō, cōnflagrāre, cōnflagrāuī, cōnflagrātum1be burnt down; be utterly destroyed
cōnflō, cōnflāre, cōnflāuī, cōnflātum1blow on, ignite; melt; inflame; raise, bring about; arouse
congregō, congregāre, congregāuī, congregātum1collect together, unite
cōnīueō, cōnīuēre, cōnīuī/cōnīxī1close the eyes; wink at, overlook, turn a blind eye
coniungō, coniungere, coniūnxī, coniūnctum1join together, unite sexually, connect, unite (military forces), join in time, bring into friendship/alliance, join in marriage, add, include, associate
coniūrātus, coniūrāta, coniūrātum1leagued; coniūrātī, ōrum m pl conspirators
collocō, collocāre, collocāuī, collocātum1put in a particular place together, arrange, set, station; bestow; employ; lay out; give in marriage
corrōborō, corrōborāre, corrōborāuī, corrōborātum1strengthen, corroborate
corruō, corruere, corruī1break down, fall to the ground, collapse
cōnsēnsiō, cōnsēnsiōnis(fem)1agreement, unanimity; conspiracy
cōnspiciō, cōnspicere, cōnspexī, cōnspectum1catch sight of, see; observe; descry
cōnstantia, cōnstantiae(fem)1invariability, steadiness, persistence, consistency, firmness of purpose, constancy, loyalty
cōnstringō, cōnstringere, cōnstrīnxī, cōnstrictum1bind fast or tight; compress
cōnsūmō, cōnsūmere, cōnsūmpsī, cōnsūmptum1use up, squander; eat; consume; squander, destroy
contāminō, contāmināre, contāmināuī, contāminātum1contaminate, pollute, debase, spoil
contemnō, contemnere, contempsī, contemptum1scorn, contemn
contingō, contingere, contigī, contāctum1touch; seize; border upon; reach; influence, affect; befall, come to pass
contrahō, contrahere, contrāxī, contractum1draw together, contract, diminish, compress, restrict, assemble, amass, collect, unite in friendship, enter into (a formal relationship), do business, cause, provoke, bring on oneself, catch (an illness)
contrōuersia, contrōuersiae(fem)1controversy; dispute
contumēlia, contumēliae(fem)1insult, affront, ignominy; damage
conuertō, conuertere, conuertī, conuersum1cause to rotate, invert, turn backwards, reverse the natural direction of, direct the course of, turn, (followed by in se, ad se) attract the notice of, win over, shift, divert, translate, resort to...for help
cōpiōsus, cōpiōsa, cōpiōsum1plentiful, rich, wealthy; eloquent
corrumpō, corrumpere, corrūpī, corruptum1spoil, destroy, deface; falsify; bribe; corrupt, seduce
corruptēla, corruptēlae(fem)1corruption, enticement to sexual misconduct, bribery; corrupting influence
corruptor, corruptōris(masc)1corrupter, seducer, briber
crēscō, crēscere, crēuī, crētum1grow; arise, spring; appear; get advantage; increase
cruentus, cruenta, cruentum1bloody, bleeding, involving bloodshed, cruel, savage
culpa, culpae(fem)1responsibility, blame, guilt, sense of guilt, offence, error, mistake, fault
cumulō, cumulāre, cumulāuī, cumulātum1heap up; accumulate, amass
cupiditās, cupiditātis(fem)1longing, desire; passion; avarice; ambition
cursus, cursūs(masc)1running; course, voyage, journey; race; direction; march; career
custōs, custōdis(masc/fem)1keeper; guardian; protector; watchman; jailer; container
dēclīnātiō, dēclīnātiōnis(fem)1a side turn (of the body), a leaning aside
dēcoctor, dēcoctōris(masc)1insolvent person, defaulting debtor
dēdecus, dēdecoris(neut)1disgrace, dishonour, shame, ugliness
dēfīgō, dēfīgere, dēfīxī, dēfīxum1fix down, fasten; thrust into; astound, bewitch
dēlectō, dēlectāre, dēlectāuī, dēlectātum1entice; delight; amuse; charm
dēleō, dēlēre, dēlēuī, dēlētum1efface; suppress; destroy; kill; annul
dēlicātus, dēlicāta, dēlicātum1charming, elegant; delicate, tender; voluptuous; luxurious; effeminate
dēligō, dēligere, dēlēgī, dēlectum1remove by plucking, pick, choose, levy
dēmigrō, dēmigrāre, dēmigrāuī, dēmigrātum1go away
dēmōnstrō, dēmōnstrāre, dēmōnstrāuī, dēmōnstrātum1point out or at; prove, demonstrate; describe
dēpōnō, dēpōnere, dēposuī, dēpositum1lay down or aside; deposit; commit; entrust; resign; fix, set
dēposcō, dēposcere, dēpoposcī1ask for earnestly, require
dēprecor, dēprecārī, dēprecātus sum1pray against; beg off; beg pardon; avert by prayer
dērelinquō, dērelinquere, dērelīquī, dērelictum1leave behind, abandon, neglect
dēscrībō, dēscrībere, dēscrīpsī, dēscrīptum1copy; describe; establish
dēsīderium, dēsīderiī(neut)1desire, wishing, longing for; regret for what is absent; darling, favourite, pet
dēsīderō, dēsīderāre, dēsīderāuī, dēsīderātum1wish for, long for, desire; need, want,miss
dēsistō, dēsistere, dēstitī, dēstitum1leave off, cease, desist from
dēspērātiō, dēspērātiōnis(fem)1despair
dētestor, dētestārī, dētestātus sum1call down a solemn curse on, loath, avert by entreaty
dētrahō, dētrahere, dētrāxī, dētractum1strip off, remove, drag away, draw off (blood etc.), pull down, dislodge, order to move, appropriate, deprive, lessen, detract, exclude, subtract
dētrīmentum, dētrīmentī(neut)1detriment, loss, damage; defeat
dēuoueō, dēuouēre, dēuōuī, dēuōtum1vow, devote; curse; bewitch
dictātor, dictātōris(masc)1dictator, chief magistrate, magistrate appointed at Rome in crisis
dictātūra, dictātūrae(fem)1dictatorship
dictitō, dictitāre, dictitāuī, dictitātum1say often; plead often
difficultās, difficultātis(fem)1difficulty; trouble; intractability
dignus, digna, dignum1worthy, deserving; deserved
dīmittō, dīmittere, dīmīsī, dīmissum1dismiss, let go, part with, disband, discharge, dissolve (a meeting), divorce, settle (a debt), dispatch, spread, release
dīreptiō, dīreptiōnis(fem)1plundering
dīreptor, dīreptōris(masc)1plunderer
disciplīna, disciplīnae(fem)1instruction; knowledge; discipline, area of study; system; method
dissimilis, dissimilis, dissimile1unlike, dissimilar
distribuō, distribuere, distribuī, distribūtum1divide, distribute
dīuellō, dīuellere, dīuellī, dīuulsum1tear to pieces; tear away; estrange, break up
dīuersus, dīuersa, dīuersum1opposite; separate, apart; unlike, different; hostile, opposed
dominātiō, dominātiōnis(fem)1position of authority of a paterfamilias, position of domination, rule, tyranny
dūdum(adverb)1a little while ago; formerly; iam dūdum long ago
duodecim(indeclinable adjective)1twelve
duo, duae, duo1two
ēbriosus, ēbriosa, ēbriosum1routinely drunk; intoxicated
ēdoceō, ēdocēre, ēdocuī, ēdoctum1teach or inform thoroughly
ēgregius, ēgregia, ēgregium1excellent, eminent; illustrious
ēlābor, ēlābī, ēlāpsus sum1escape; slip away
ēlūdō, ēlūdere, ēlūsī, ēlūsum1deceive, trick, dodge, elude, baffle, ridicule, get away with outrageous conduct
ēmergō, ēmergere, ēmersī, ēmersum1rise up out of the water, emerge; escape; appear; arrive
ēmorior, ēmorī, ēmortuus sum1die away; die; perish
ergō(adverb)1therefore; then, now
ēructō, ēructāre, ēructāuī, ēructātum1bring up noisily; discharge violently
ēuādō, ēuādere, ēuāsī, ēuāsum1go or come out; escape, avoid; turn out
ēuertō, ēuertere, ēuertī, ēuersum1turn upside down; churn up; ruin, overthrow
ēuocātor, ēuocātōris(masc)1one who orders out troops
ēuomō, ēuomere, ēuomuī, ēuomitum1vomit out
exaudiō, exaudīre, exaudiī/exaudīuī, exaudītum1hear; comply with, heed
excēdō, excēdere, excessī, excessum1depart, move out, go beyond, exceed, outlive, surpass
excidō, excidere, excidī1fall out; escape; be deprived of; lose control of one's senses
excitō, excitāre, excitāuī, excitātum1rouse up, wake up; raise, erect; arouse
exclūdō, exclūdere, exclūsī, exclūsum1shut out, exclude; hatch; prevent
excursiō, excursiōnis(fem)1running forth; sally
expōnō, expōnere, exposuī, expositum1set out; expose; disembark; publish; exhibit, explain
exprōmō, exprōmere, exprōmpsī, exprōmptum1bring out; disclose, reveal
extinguō, extinguere, extīnxī, extīnctum1quench, extinguish; kill; destroy
exterus, extera, exterum1outer, external, foreign (comparative exterior, superlative extrēmus and extimus)
extrā(preposition)1outside, without; out of, beyond; except
facinerōsus, facinerōsa, facinerōsum1criminal, wicked
Faesulānus, Faesulāna, Faesulānum1of Faesulae (town in northern Italy)
falcārius, falcāriī(masc)1scythe-maker
fāma, fāmae(fem)1rumour; fame; renown; ill repute; news
familiāris, familiāris, familiāre(superlative adverb (from adjective))1belonging to one's household/family, private, personal, intimate, well-known, habitual, congenial, suited (to)
fascis, fascis(masc)1bundle, parcel; fascēs pl bundles of rods, carried before the highest magistrates of Rome, typically with an axe bound up in the middle of them; the power or office of a magistrate
faueō, fauēre, fāuī, fautum1with dat favour, befriend; back up
febris, febris(fem)1fever, attack of fever
fidēs, fidis(fem)1(usually (plural) fidēs, fidium) lyre
fingō, fingere, fīnxī, fictum1shape, form, fashion, make; contrive; invent; make a pretence of
Flaccus, Flaccī(masc)1Flaccus
flāgitō, flāgitāre, flāgitāuī, flāgitātum1demand importunely; ask repeatedly (for)
flamma, flammae(fem)1blaze, flame; ardour; fire of love; object of love
flōrēns, flōrentis1prosperous, flourishing
flōs, flōris(masc)1blossom, flower; youthful prime
forās(adverb)1out of doors, abroad, forth, out
fortasse(adverb)1perhaps
fortitūdō, fortitūdinis(fem)1strength; firmness; courage, valour; manfulness
Fortūna, Fortūnae(fem)1Fortune, Chance
frangō, frangere, frēgī, frāctum1break; crush; weaken; wear out; vanquish; break in
fraudātiō, fraudātiōnis(fem)1cheating, deceit, fraud
frequentia, frequentiae(fem)1frequency; crowd; abundance of persons or things
frōns, frontis(fem)1forehead; brow; foremost part of anything
frūctus, frūctūs(masc)1fruit, crops; profit
fugitīuus, fugitīuī(masc)1runaway
fulgeō, fulgēre, fulsī1gleam; glitter, shine forth, be bright
Fuluius, Fuluiī(masc)1Fulvius
fūnestus, fūnesta, fūnestum1fatal, deadly; destructive
furiōsus, furiōsa, furiōsum1furious, mad, frantic, wild
Gallicānus, Gallicāna, Gallicānum1Gallic, of the Gauls
gāneō, gāneōnis(masc)1glutton, debauchee
gaudium, gaudiī(neut)1joy, gladness; delight
gelidus, gelida, gelidum1icy, cold; frozen
gēns, gentis(fem)1race, nation, people, (pl.) nations of the world, a Roman clan, ubi gentium...? = where on earth...?
gladiātōrius, gladiātōria, gladiātōrium1of/belonging to gladiators
gladius, gladiī(masc)1sword
glōria, glōriae(fem)1glory, fame, renown; vainglory, boasting
gradus, gradūs(masc)1step, pace; position; rank; degree; rung (ladder); stair
habitō, habitāre, habitāuī, habitātum1inhabit, dwell; live (in a place)
haereō, haerēre, haesī, haesum1stick, cling, adhere, be fixed; be in difficulties; doubt; linger
haesitō, haesitāre, haesitāuī, haesitātum1stick hesitate, be undecided; be stuck
hebēscō, hebēscere1grow blunt or feeble
hiems, hiemis(fem)1winter, rough weather
honestō, honestāre, honestāuī, honestātum1honour (with); adorn, grace
honor, honōris(masc)1(also honōs) honour; regard; office, dignity; grace
honōrō, honōrāre, honōrāuī, honōrātum1honour
hōra, hōrae(fem)1hour; season (of the year); time; Hōrae, Hōrārum (plural) the Seasons (personified)
hortor, hortārī, hortātus sum1urge on, encourage
hūc(adverb)1to this place, hither, to this point/degree/end, huc...illuc = to and fro
humus, humī(fem)1earth, soil, ground (loc. humī - 'on the ground')
Iānuārius, Iānuāria, Iānuārium1of January
idcircō(adverb)1therefore, for that reason
Īdus, Īdūs(fem)115th day of March, May, July, October, 13th day of the other months
igitur(adverb)1therefore
ignāuia, ignāuiae(fem)1laziness; faint-heartedness
ignōminia, ignōminiae(fem)1ignominy, dishonour
ignōrō, ignōrāre, ignōrāuī, ignōrātum1be ignorant of; fail to recognize
imberbis, imberbis, imberbe1beardless
immānitās, immānitātis(fem)1hugeness, vastness; brutality; barbarity
immineō, imminēre1overhang; threaten, be imminent; be a threat (to)
immittō, immittere, immīsī, immissum1send against/into, throw, (refl.) leap, direct the flow of, insert, introduce, let in, let loose, give rein to
imperītus, imperīta, imperītum1inexperienced (in), unskilled, ignorant (of)
impetrō, impetrāre, impetrāuī, impetrātum1obtain by request, succeed in one's application
impetus, impetūs(masc)1assault, attack; vigour; violent mental urge
implōrō, implōrāre, implōrāuī, implōrātum1ask for, earnestly entreat, appeal to, invoke
impudēns, impudentis1shameless, impudent
impūnītus, impūnīta, impūnītum1unpunished
impūrus, impūra, impūrum1unclean, filthy, foul; impure; morally foul
incidō, incidere, incidī, incāsum1fall (into); meet (with); arise, occur
incolumis, incolumis, incolume1unharmed, safe, in good health, still living, undamaged in wealth/power/position, intact
increpō, increpāre, increpuī, increpitum1make a sharp loud noise, rattle, clash, chide, reprove, protest at, remark indignantly
indemnātus, indemnāta, indemnātum1uncondemned
indīcō, indīcere, indīxī, indictum1declare publicly; inflict (on) by one's pronouncement
indūcō, indūcere, indūxī, inductum1lead or conduct into; bring in; introduce; put on; persuade;exhibit
ineō, inīre, iniī/inīuī, initum1enter, take part in, commence, embark on, rationem ineo = calculate
iners, inertis1unskilful; sluggish; unadventurous; feeble
īnfāmis, īnfāmis, īnfāme1disreputable, infamous
īnfitiātor, īnfitiātōris(masc)1debtor, shirker, one who denies a debt of trust
īnfitior, īnfitiārī, īnfitiātus sum1deny, disown
īnflammō, īnflammāre, īnflammāuī, īnflammātum1set on fire, kindle; excite; inflame
ingēns, ingentis1huge, very great in number/degree/intensity, powerful, outstanding, proud, heroic
ingrauēscō, ingrauēscere1grow heavy; increase in force or intensity
inimīcitia, inimīcitiae(fem)1unfriendly relations, hostility, ill will
inīquitās, inīquitātis(fem)1inequality; unfairness; unevenness of terrain
inīquus, inīqua, inīquum1unequal, uneven; disadvantageous; unjust; unkind; hostile
initiō, initiāre, initiāuī, initiātum1initiate (into); admit (to) with introductory rites
iniūria, iniūriae(fem)1wrong, injury; abuse, insult; offence; sexual assault
illecebra, illecebrae(fem)1allurement, enticement
innocēns, innocentis1blameless, innocent, upright, virtuous, harmless
inquam1I say; inquit he/she says; inquiunt they say
irrētiō, irrētīre, irrētiī/irrētīuī, irrētītum1entangle; catch in a net
īnscrībō, īnscrībere, īnscrīpsī, īnscrīptum1write in or on, inscribe; brand; record as
īnsidiātor, īnsidiātōris(masc)1one who lies in wait (to attack, rob, etc.)
īnsidiōsus, īnsidiōsa, īnsidiōsum1deceitful; insidious; hazardous
īnsolēns, īnsolentis1unaccustomed (to), arrogant; insolent; excessive
īnspērātus, īnspērāta, īnspērātum1unhoped for, unexpected; unforeseen
īnstō, īnstāre, īnstitī1press on with, take up a stand, press on the tracks of, loom, threaten, be upon one, be urgent
īnstrūmentum, īnstrūmentī(neut)1equipment, tools; an item of such equipment; means
īnstruō, īnstruere, īnstrūxī, īnstrūctum1build, construct, draw up (troops), arrange, organise, prepare, equip, furnish, instruct, provide with information
intendō, intendere, intendī, intentum/intēnsum1stretch, spread out, strain, exert, strengthen, stretch out (one's hand), direct (the eyes, sight etc.), aim, direct (one's mind), apply oneself, bring a charge
intercēdō, intercēdere, intercessī, intercessum1intervene, (of friendship) exist between, be present among, obstruct, hinder, interpose a veto
interrogō, interrogāre, interrogāuī, interrogātum1ask, examine, ask (a senator for his opinion), arraign, indict, consult
intimus, intima, intimum1inmost, the inmost part of, deepest, most private, most profound, closest (friend)
inuictus, inuicta, inuictum1unconquered; invincible
inuidiōsus, inuidiōsa, inuidiōsum1arousing hatred, odium or envy; envious
itaque(conjunction)1and so; therefore, consequently
iūcundus, iūcunda, iūcundum1pleasant, agreeable; delightful
iungō, iungere, iūnxī, iūnctum1yoke, harness; join; clasp (hands); unite
labefactō, labefactāre, labefactāuī, labefactātum1shake; cause to waver; make unsteady, loosen; undermine
laetitia, laetitiae(fem)1joy, gladness, pleasure, delight, fertility
laetor, laetārī, laetātus sum1rejoice, be joyful
languidus, languida, languidum1languid, faint, weak; ill; sluggish; inert
lateō, latēre, latuī1lie hid, lurk; escape notice
latrōcinor, latrōcinārī, latrōcinātus sum1engage in brigandage or piracy
latus, lateris(neut)1side; flank
legiō, legiōnis(fem)1legion, army, army of supporters
lēnis, lēnis, lēne1smooth, soft, mild, gentle, easy, calm
lentus, lenta, lentum1pliant; tough; clinging; slow; lazy; calm; procrastinating; sluggish
lepidus, lepida, lepidum1agreeable, charming, delightful, amusing; witty
leuis, leuis, leue1light; nimble; trivial, trifling; gentle; capricious; fickle, inconstant
leuō, leuāre, leuāuī, leuātum1lift; support; relieve, lessen; free from
līberī, līberōrum(masc)1children
longē(adverb)1far off; far; a great while; very much; by a large margin
longinquus, longinqua, longinquum1remote, distant, long-lasting
lūdus, lūdī(masc)1play, game, pastime; sport, entertainment, fun; school, elementary school
lūgeō, lūgēre, lūxī, lūctum1mourn, lament; be in mourning
Maelius, Maeliī(masc)1Maelius
maeror, maerōris(masc)1sadness, grief, mourning
magnificus, magnifica, magnificum1noble, eminent, stately; sumptuous, magnificent, boastful
malleolus, malleolī(masc)1fire-dart
manicātus, manicāta, manicātum1with long sleeves
Marcellus, Marcellī(masc)1Marcellus
marītus, marītī(masc)1husband; mate
Marius, Mariī(masc)1Marius
Massiliensis, Massiliense1Massilian, of Marseille
mātūritās, mātūritātis(fem)1ripeness
mātūrō, mātūrāre, mātūrāuī, mātūrātum1make ripe; hasten; make haste to
medicīna, medicīnae(fem)1medical art; medicine; treatment, remedy
mīlitāris, mīlitāris, mīlitāre1connected with the army, military, belonging to a soldier, soldierly
minae, minārum(fem)1threats, menaces, warning signs
minimus, minima, minimum1smallest, least, shortest, lowest, least important, humblest
minitor, minitārī, minitātus sum1threaten, constitute a danger, hold out as a threat
misceō, miscēre, miscuī, mixtum/mistum1mix, mingle; embroil; confound; stir up
misericordia, misericordiae(fem)1pity, compassion; pathos
misericors, misericordis1merciful, tender-hearted
mōlēs, mōlis(fem)1huge, heavy mass, lump; monster; massive structure; danger; trouble; effort; vast undertaking
molestus, molesta, molestum1troublesome, tiresome
mollis, mollis, molle1soft, tender, mild; mellow; pleasant; weak; effeminate; impressionable; sensitive
mōnstrum, mōnstrī(neut)1unnatural thing or event regarded as on omen, portent, sign; monstrous thing; monster; atrocity
mora, morae(fem)1delay; hindrance, obstacle
mucrō, mucrōnis(masc)1sharp point; sword
muliercula, mulierculae(fem)1(little, weak, foolish, etc.) woman
multitūdō, multitūdinis(fem)1great number, multi-tude; crowd; mob
mūniceps, mūnicipis(masc)1citizen of a municipium; native of the same municipium
mūnicipium, mūnicipiī(neut)1town subject to Rome, but governed by its own laws; free town
mūnītus, mūnīta, mūnītum1fortified, secure, protected
nancīscor, nancīscī, nactus/nānctus sum1get, obtain, receive; meet with
necne(conjunction)1or not
negōtium, negōtiī(neut)1work, business, difficulty, pains, trouble, job, employment, public engagement, (in pl.) interests, lawsuit, situation, matter, concern
nepōs, nepōtis(masc)1grandson; descendant; spendthrift, playboy; nepōtēs (plural) descendants
nēquior, nēquior, nēquius1(comparative of nēquam) worthless, good for nothing
nimis(adverb)1too much, very, exceedingly
nimium(adverb)1too much, too, very much
niteō, nitēre, nituī1shine, glitter; be sleek and plump
nitidus, nitida, nitidum1shining, glittering, bright; polished; spruce; sleek
nix, niuis(fem)1snow; white hair
nōmen, nōminis(neut)1name; family; celebrity
nūmen, nūminis(neut)1nod; bias; divine will; divine presence; deity, god
nūptiae, nūptiārum(fem)1marriage
obeō, obīre, obiī/obīuī, obitum1meet with; visit; review; enclose; accept; die; set
obligō, obligāre, obligāuī, obligātum1bind or tie around; swathe, render liable; place under a moral obligation; bind (by oath, etc.)
obscūrus, obscūra, obscūrum1dim, dark, obscure, shadowy, hidden, imperceptible, insignificant, uncertain, secretive
obstupefaciō, obstupefacere, obstupefēcī, obstupefactum1strike dumb with any powerful emotion, daze; paralyse
obtemperō, obtemperāre, obtemperāuī, obtemperātum1(with dative) comply with, obey
occultus, occulta, occultum1hidden, concealed
occupō, occupāre, occupāuī, occupātum1occupy; seize; reach (a destination); engross
ōmen, ōminis(neut)1omen, augury
Opimius, Opimiī(masc)1Opimius
opīnor, opīnārī, opīnātus sum1hold as an opinion, think, believe
oppōnō, oppōnere, opposuī, oppositum1place over/against, put in the way, put in front as a screen, station troops against, use (threats, fears) as a weapon, set in opposition, object, plead in justification, pledge
optimās, optimātis(masc)1aristocrat; (pl) the best class of citizens
optō, optāre, optāuī, optātum1desire, pray for, choose
ōrnāmentum, ōrnāmentī(neut)1equipment; ornament, decoration; (mark of) distinction
ōrnātus, ōrnātūs(masc)1military equipment; armour; costume, garb, get-up; adornment
ostendō, ostendere, ostendī, ostēnsum/ostentum1show, put on show, reveal, (refl.) appear, point out, make clear, demonstrate
ostentō, ostentāre, ostentāuī, ostentātum1exhibit, display, parade, demonstrate, (refl.) show off, point out, disclose, hold out the prospect of
ōtium, ōtiī(neut)1leisure, spare time, retirement, peaceful relations (with another country), security, inactivity, idleness
pācō, pācāre, pācāuī, pācātum1impose a settlement on; bring under control
paene(adverb)1nearly, almost, practically
Palātium, Palātiī(neut)1the Palatine Hill
particeps, participis(masc/fem)1participant, sharer
paruus, parua, paruum1small, short, little, young, insignificant, unimportant, cheap
patientia, patientiae(fem)1endurance, tolerance, patience, submissiveness
patricius, patricia, patricium1patrician, noble
patrimōnium, patrimōniī(neut)1private possessions, estate, fortune
paulīsper(adverb)1for a little while, for a short time
paulum(adverb)1a little, somewhat, slightly, for a short distance/while
pectō, pectere, pexī, pexum/pectitum1comb, card (wool, etc.)
pecus, pecudis(fem)1farm animal; animal; sheep
percellō, percellere, perculī, perculsum1knock down, strike down, overpower, afflict, dismay, strike (with fear etc.)
percipiō, percipere, percēpī, perceptum1take possession of; perceive, take in
perditus, perdita, perditum1ruined, lost, desperate, abandoned, morally depraved
perficiō, perficere, perfēcī, perfectum1finish, complete; perform; accomplish
perfruor, perfruī, perfrūctus sum1(with ablative) have full enjoyment of, enjoy
perīclitor, perīclitārī, perīclitātus sum1risk; try, test; be in danger; risk
modestus, modesta, modestum1modest, moderate
persequor, persequī, persecūtus sum1follow persistently, accompany throughout a journey, pursue, press hard, harry, seek restitution for, seek out, strive after, trace the course of, explore, go over, persist in
pertineō, pertinēre, pertinuī1reach, stretch, be directed at, tend, refer, relate/pertain to, be a concern, be the business (of), be the property (of), come within the scope
perturbō, perturbāre, perturbāuī, perturbātum1disorder, confuse; disturb; frighten
perueniō, peruenīre, peruēnī, peruentum1come through to, arrive at, reach
petītiō, petītiōnis(fem)1attack, thrust; request, petition; candidature; lawsuit
petulantia, petulantiae(fem)1impudent or boisterous aggressiveness; wantonness, immodesty
pietās, pietātis(fem)1piety; dutifulness; affection, love; loyalty; gratitude
placeō, placēre, placuī, placitum1(with dative) be pleasing (to), satisfy; placet it seems good (to); it is resolved or agreed on (by)
plēbs, plēbis/plēbī(fem)1common people, general population; mob, common herd, masses
plūrimus, plūrima, plūrimum1very much or many, (the) most, very long or large or big
pontifex, pontificis(masc)1Roman high priest
popīna, popīnae(fem)1cook-shop, bistro, low-class eating house
potēns, potentis1endowed, capable, influential, powerful, mighty, potent, effective
potestās, potestātis(fem)1power, faculty, ability; authority, dominion, command
potior, potīrī, potītus sum1take possession of, get, obtain, acquire, receive; possess; (with genitive) be master of
praecipiō, praecipere, praecēpī, praeceptum1take or obtain in advance, anticipate; teach, recommend, order
praedātor, praedātōris(masc)1plunderer, pillager; hunter
praedīcō, praedīcere, praedīxī, praedictum1say or mention beforehand; foretell; warn; recommend
praedium, praediī(neut)1land, estate
praeferō, praeferre, praetulī, praelātum1bear before; place before, prefer; display, reveal; give precedence to
Praeneste, Praenestis(neut)1Praeneste (town in Latium)
praesentia, praesentiae(fem)1presence; helpful presence
praesertim(adverb)1especially, particularly
praestōlor, praestōlārī, praestōlātus sum1expect; await
praetereā(adverb)1besides; moreover
praetereō, praeterīre, praeteriī/praeterīuī, praeterītum1go by or past; pass by; escape the notice of; neglect; surpass
praetōrius, praetōria, praetōrium1of/belonging to a commander, of/belonging to a praetor, praetorian, having the status of a praetor or ex-praetor
precor, precārī, precātus sum1pray to/for, implore, beseech
prīdiē(adverb)1on the day before
prior, prior, prius1former, previous; in front; better
prīstinus, prīstina, prīstinum1former, antique, ancient
prō(preposition)1in front of, in the interests of, on behalf of, for the sake of, on the side of, instead of, in the capacity of, as being of (a particular state etc.), as if, in the same way as, in return for, in proportion to, according to, in relation to, by virtue of, to judge from, with reference to
procul(adverb)1some way off, apart, far away, at a distant time
prōdigium, prōdigiī(neut)1omen, portent, monster; marvel; monstrous creature
proelium, proeliī(neut)1battle, combat; conflict, dispute
profectiō, profectiōnis(fem)1setting out; departure
prōferō, prōferre, prōtulī, prōlātum1carry or bring out, bring forth; extend; prolong; defer; reveal; utter; produce; publish
profiteor, profitērī, professus sum1declare publicly; promise, volunteer; profess (oneself) to be
prōflīgō, prōflīgāre, prōflīgāuī, prōflīgātum1defeat decisively, crush, overwhelm; ruin or destroy utterly
profundō, profundere, profūdī, profūsum1empty, pour out, emit, send forth in abundance, publish copiously, give free play to, give freely, lavish
prohibeō, prohibēre, prohibuī, prohibitum1keep off, hold at bay; prevent, restrain; stop, forbid; avert; defend
prōiciō, prōicere, prōiēcī, prōiectum1throw forth or before, fling down or away; expose; expel; renounce
proinde(adverb)1accordingly, so then; proinde ac just as if
propāgō, propāgāre, propāgāuī, propāgātum1propagate; extend, enlarge, increase
prōspiciō, prōspicere, prōspexī, prōspectum1see in front; foresee; take care (that); see to
prōsternō, prōsternere, prōstrāuī, prōstrātum1throw to the ground, overthrow, prostrate; overthrow, cause the downfall of
prōuincia, prōuinciae(fem)1command, government, administration, province
pruīna, pruīnae(fem)1hoar-frost, rime
Publicius, Publiciī(masc)1Publicius
pudīcitia, pudīcitiae(fem)1chastity, virtue
puer, puerī(masc)1boy, son
pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum1beautiful, handsome; glorious; illustrious; noble
pūrgō, pūrgāre, pūrgāuī, pūrgātum1clean, clear, rid, purify, apologise, atone for, exonerate, justify
purpura, purpurae(fem)1purple colour, purple; purple dye; purple-dyed cloth
quaesō, quaesere1ask (for); pray; please
quaestiō, quaestiōnis(fem)1examination, interrogation, (judicial) inquiry, standing commission, scientific research, problem, question, issue
quālis, quālis, quāle1of what sort, kind or nature, of what kind
quārtus, quārta, quārtum1fourth
querimōnia, querimōniae(fem)1complaint; 'difference of opinion'
quīcumque, quaecumque, quodcumque1whoever, whatever, whosoever, whatsoever, everyone who, everything that, all that
quīn(conjunction)1that not; (but) that; indeed; why not? nay more
quinque(indeclinable adjective)1five
quīntus, quīnta, quīntum1fifth
quot(indeclinable adjective)1how many? as many as; every
quotiēnscumque(adverb)1as often as
recēns, recentis1newly arrived, recent, modern, fresh
recipiō, recipere, recēpī, receptum1admit, welcome, receive, swallow, acquire, accept, approve, permit, undertake, withdraw to a position of safety, (refl.) retire/retreat, recover, get back
recondō, recondere, recondidī, reconditum1shut up; hide, bury, store away; replace; close again
recreō, recreāre, recreāuī, recreātum1make anew, restore; refresh, revive
redimiō, redimīre, redimiī, redimītum1encircle with a garland; surround
redundō, redundāre, redundāuī, redundātum1flow back; overflow; abound (in)
rēgius, rēgia, rēgium1kingly, royal; splendid, princely
remoror, remorārī, remorātus sum1wait, linger; delay, hold up, check
repellō, repellere, reppulī, repulsum1drive or push back; reject; repulse
repentīnus, repentīna, repentīnum1sudden, done to meet a sudden contingency
reperiō, reperīre, repperī, repertum1find, find out; discover; invent
reprimō, reprimere, repressī, repressum1hold in check; check, restrain; repress
repudiō, repudiāre, repudiāuī, repudiātum1divorce, repudiate; refuse
resecō, resecāre, resecuī, resectum1cut back, prune; cut at the base
retorqueō, retorquēre, retorsī, retortum1twist back; cast back; fling back; turn aside
rōbur, rōboris(neut)1oak-tree, trunk, any hard timber, firmness, strength, vigour, power, might, man-power, bulwark, effectiveness, resolve
rōbustus, rōbusta, rōbustum1made of oak; hard, firm, strong, hardy, robust; physically mature
Rōmulus, Rōmulī(masc)1Romulus
ruīna, ruīnae(fem)1tumbling down, downfall, ruin; ruins; debris, disaster; landslide
sacer, sacra, sacrum1holy, sacred; divine
sacrārium, sacrāriī(neut)1sanctuary, shrine
sacrōsānctus, sacrōsāncta, sacrōsānctum1sacrosanct, inviolable
saeculum, saeculī(neut)1generation, life-time; race; century; indefinitely long period; the times
sagāx, sagācis1keen-scented; acute, sharp, perceptive
satelles, satellitis(masc)1attendant, bodyguard, (pl) retinue; accomplice, violent supporter
saucius, saucia, saucium1wounded; physically distressed, afflicted; pierced; stricken
scaena, scaenae(fem)1stage of a theatre; background; the drama; sphere in which actions, etc., are on public display
scīlicet(adverb)1one may be sure (that), it is clear (that); naturally; yes, but at the same time; evidently; to be sure, doubtless; I ask you!
Scīpiō, Scīpiōnis(masc)1Scipio
sēcēdō, sēcēdere, sēcessī, sēcessum1draw aside, withdraw; retire; secede
secūris, secūris(fem)1axe, executioner's axe, authority
sēditiō, sēditiōnis(fem)1violent political discord, faction, mutiny, internal strife
sēdō, sēdāre, sēdāuī, sēdātum1settle, allay; restrain; calm down
sēiungō, sēiungere, sēiūnxī, sēiūnctum1separate; exclude
sēmen, sēminis(neut)1seed; shoot; slip, cutting; parentage, descent; germ, spark
sēminārium, sēmināriī(neut)1nursery, school
senātor, senātōris(masc)1member of the Senate, senator
senex, senis1old man
Seruilius, Seruiliī(masc)1Servilius
seruō, seruāre, seruāuī, seruātum1save, preserve; protect; keep, observe; look after; pay attention to
seruus, seruī(masc)1slave
Sestius, Sestiī(masc)1Sestius
sex(indeclinable adjective)1six
sīcut(adverb)1just as, in the same way as; as it were; just as for instance; just as if; as indeed (is the case)
significātiō, significātiōnis(fem)1giving signs or signals; expression, indication, sign; suggestion, hint
signum, signī(neut)1mark, token, sign; standard, ensign; cohort; signal, password; image, picture, statue; seal, signet; constellation
siluestris, siluestris, siluestre1covered with woods, wooded; found in woodland; living in woodlands; wild, untamed, savage
sinus, sinūs(masc)1curve; fold; hollow; bosom, lap; bay, gulf; pocket for money; asylum; inmost part; hiding-place; embrace
sōbrius, sōbria, sōbrium1sober; staid, sensible, temperate
societās, societātis(fem)1partnership, trading company, fellowship, affinity
sōlitūdō, sōlitūdinis(fem)1loneliness, solitariness; desert, waste; emptiness, solitude
solūtus, solūta, solūtum1unbound; free; unrestrained, profligate; free to act as one pleases; lax, careless
somnus, somnī(masc)1sleep; sloth
Sp.(indeclinable noun)1Spurius
spargō, spargere, sparsī, sparsum1strew, scatter; sprinkle; discharge in large numbers, shower; let stream out in all directions; place in scattered positions; spread about
speciēs, speciēī(fem)1visual appearance; look; sight; outward appearance; semblance; pretence; display, splendour, beauty; vision; image, likeness; species; artistic representation
speculor, speculārī, speculātus sum1keep a close watch on, observe, spy out; look out, watch for
spīritus, spīritūs(masc)1breath of air, breeze; breath, breathing; soul, mind; life
spoliō, spoliāre, spoliāuī, spoliātum1strip or rob of clothing; plunder, rob, despoil
sponte(adverb)1of one's own accord, freely, voluntarily, spontaneously; by oneself, alone
statuō, statuere, statuī, statūtum1place, put up; set up, appoint; determine, resolve (to); decide; judge
stirps, stirpis(fem)1stock, stem, stalk; root; plant, shrub; family, ancestral race; offspring, posterity
stultitia, stultitiae(fem)1stupidity, folly, fatuity
suādeō, suādēre, suāsī, suāsum1advise, recommend, urge; advocate, attempt to persuade
subiectō, subiectāre, subiectāuī, subiectātum1throw up from below; apply below
subsidium, subsidiī(neut)1body of troops in reserve; aid; support; safeguard; means of assistance
succēdō, succēdere, successī, successum1go below or under; come to the foot (of), come up (to); move on upwards; move up into the position (of); take the place (of); succeed (to)
sufferō, sufferre, sustulī, sublātum1submit to, endure, suffer
sūmptuōsus, sūmptuōsa, sūmptuōsum1expensive, costly, sumptuous
sūmptus, sūmptūs(masc)1expense, lavish expenditure; expenses; charge
suppeditō, suppeditāre, suppeditāuī, suppeditātum1supply the needs of, supply
suspiciō, suspicere, suspexī, suspectum1look upwards (to); look up at; esteem, admire; be suspicious of
sustineō, sustinēre, sustinuī, sustentum1hold up, support, sustain; stand up to, withstand; shoulder; have the necessary endurance (to); submit (to); endure; hold back
tābēscō, tābēscere, tābuī1waste or dwindle away; melt away; decompose
taciturnitās, taciturnitātis(fem)1maintaining silence
taeter, taetra, taetrum1foul, monstrous, vile, horrible
tālāris, tālāris, tālāre1reaching down to the ankles
tālis, tālis, tāle1such, of such a kind; such (a)
tametsī(conjunction)1even though
tēctum, tēctī(neut)1roof; house, dwelling; (rough or improvised) shelter
temperantia, temperantiae(fem)1moderation, restraint, self-control
temptō, temptāre, temptāuī, temptātum1handle, feel; attempt, try; prove; test; try out; attack; brave; make an attempt on
tenebrae, tenebrārum(fem)1darkness, obscurity; night; dark corner; ignorance; concealment; gloomy state of affairs
tenuis, tenuis, tenue1thin, slender; slight, faint; fine; weak; trivial
tertius, tertia, tertium1third
testāmentum, testāmentī(neut)1will, testament
timidus, timida, timidum1fearful, timid
toga, togae(fem)1toga, formal garment of free-born adult Roman men, toga praetexta = toga worn by curule magistrates and children, toga candida = toga worn by candidates
togātus, togāta, togātum1dressed in or wearing a toga; having a civilian occupation
tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātum1pick up, raise, take on board, rouse, take on airs, take away, steal, remove (freq. with the implication of killing), eliminate, abolish
totiēns(adverb)1as/so often
trānsferō, trānsferre, trānstulī, trānslātum1carry or bring over; transport; transfer; bring over (to a new course of action)
tribūnal, tribūnālis(neut)1platform, court of law
tribūnus, tribūnī(masc)1tribune, military tribune
trīduum, trīduī(neut)1space of three days
triumphō, triumphāre, triumphāuī, triumphātum1triumph; celebrate a triumph; exult, triumph over
tuba, tubae(fem)1trumpet (with a straight tube)
tumulus, tumulī(masc)1rounded hill, knoll; burial-mound, grave
tunica, tunicae(fem)1tunic
turbulentus, turbulenta, turbulentum1violently disturbed, stormy, turbulent; turbid; marked by turmoil or violent unrest; unruly, riotous
tūtus, tūta, tūtum1safe, watchful, risk-free, assured
tyrannus, tyrannī(masc)1despot, tyrant; monarch
uacillō, uacillāre, uacillāuī, uacillātum1stagger, totter; be in a weak condition
uacuēfaciō, uacuēfacere, uacuēfēcī, uacuēfactum1leave empty, clear
uāgīna, uāgīnae(fem)1scabbard, sheath
ualdē(adverb)1in a high degree, intensely, strongly; exceedingly
Valerius, Valeriī(masc)1Valerius
uarius, uaria, uarium1variegated; various; changeable, inconstant; wavering; multifarious; many-sided
uastātiō, uastātiōnis(fem)1laying waste, ravaging
uastitās, uastitātis(fem)1desolation, devastation, wilderness
ubinam(adverb)1where in the world?
uectīgal, uectīgālis(neut)1revenue derived from public property, tax, private income
uenēficus, uenēficī(masc)1poisoner
uenēnum, uenēnī(neut)1poison; potent herb used for medical or magical purposes
uexātiō, uexātiōnis(fem)1shaking; disturbance, upheaval
uibrō, uibrāre, uibrāuī, uibrātum1brandish, wave; crimp, corrugate; rock; propel suddenly; flash; dart; glitter
uīcēsimus, uīcēsima, uīcēsimum1twentieth
uīcīnus, uīcīnī(masc)1neighbour
uīlis, uīlis, uīle1cheap; worthless; contemptible; humble, mean, common
uinclum, uinclī(neut)1bond, chain, something used to restrict movement (e.g. lasso, leash), tie
uinculum, uinculī(neut)1restraint, rope, chain, fetter; band; prison; imprisonment; mooring-rope
uīscera, uīscerum(neut)1internal organs; entrails, flesh, gut, bowels; offspring; innermost part, heart (of), core (of)
uīuus, uīua, uīuum1alive, living; lively
uixdum(adverb)1scarcely yet, only just
ulcīscor, ulcīscī, ultus sum1take revenge on, avenge, exact retribution
unguentum, unguentī(neut)1ointment, unguent
ūniuersus, ūniuersa, ūniuersum1occurring all at once; the whole of, entire; whole; (pl) all without exception; taken all together
uultus, uultūs(masc)1countenance, facial expression; face; looks, features
uterque, utraque, utrumque1each of two
ūtilis, ūtilis, ūtile1useful, profitable, convenient, expedient, helpful, valid, effective
utinam(adverb)1how I wish that! if only!
uxor, uxōris(fem)1wife
etiamsi(conjunction)1even if, although, albeit
exilium, exilii(neut)1exile, banishment
raeda, raedae(fem)1four-wheeled travelling carriage
utilitas, utilitatis(fem)1utility, advantage
lectica, lecticae(fem)1litter (for bearing persons upon)
admīror, admīrārī, admīrātus sum1admire, wonder at
adultus, adulta, adultum1full-grown, adult, mature, ripe, firmly established
aliquo1to somewhere, to some place
armatus, armata, armatum1armed, clad in armour, characterized by the use of arms
commemorō, commemorāre, commemorāuī, commemorātum1recall; mention
complexus, complexūs1embrace; sexual intercourse
cōnscelerātus, cōnscelerāta, cōnscelerātum1wicked, depraved; criminal
contentus, contenta, contentum1tense, tight; eager, intent
continentia, continentiae(fem)1abstemiousness, continence, self-control
conuentus, conuentūs(masc)1meeting, assembly
dēfatīgō, dēfatīgāre, dēfatīgāuī, dēfatīgātum1tire, exhaust, wear out; lose heart
dēprehendō, dēprehendere, dēprehendī, dēprehēnsum1catch, find out; discern, perceive; reach, overtake; catch in the act; surprise
discessus, discessūs(masc)1going apart; separation; departure; marching off
dissolūtus, dissolūta, dissolūtum1loose; lax; negligent; dissolute
dormiō, dormīre, dormiī/dormīuī, dormītum1sleep; rest
ēdictum, ēdictī(neut)1proclamation, edict
(adverb)1to that place, thither; so far; therefore; so much (more or less)
eōdem(adverb)1to the same place or purpose
factum, factī(neut)1deed, exploit
fātum, fātī(neut)1fate, destiny; doom; ill-fate; death
firmō, firmāre, firmāuī, firmātum1reinforce, strengthen, secure, fortify, guard, establish, augment, guarantee, maintain, encourage, reassure, confirm, certify
firmus, firma, firmum1firm; strong; steady; valid; bold
forīs(adverb)1out of doors; abroad
frētus, frēta, frētum1with abl relying upon, trusting to
grauiter(adverb)1heavily, severely; grievously; with reluctance
honestās, honestātis(fem)1honourableness, honour; integrity
inceptum, inceptī(neut)1beginning, undertaking
īnferī, īnferōrum(masc)1the dead
interitus, interitūs(fem)1violent or untimely death; extinction; dissolution
līber, lībera, līberum1free; unimpeded; licentious; frank, outspoken
māchinor, māchinārī, māchinātus sum1devise; plot
magistrātus, magistrātūs(masc)1office of magistrate, magistrate
māne(adverb)1in the morning; early next day
mortuus, mortua, mortuum1dead, deceased
nātūra, nātūrae(fem)1nature; character; inherent quality and characteristics of a person or thing
nota, notae(fem)1mark, sign; letter; word; writing; spot; brand, tattoo-mark
ōs, ōris(neut)1mouth; speech; face; assurance
ōtiōsus, ōtiōsa, ōtiōsum1at leisure, unoccupied; free from public affairs; quiet; free, unemployed; undisturbed (by); superfluous; useless
parum(adverb)1too little, 'encore'
pecūnia, pecūniae(fem)1property, wealth; money
perfringō, perfringere, perfrēgī, perfrāctum1break through; break or dash in pieces; smash
permittō, permittere, permīsī, permissum1cause/allow to travel over a distance, let go through, give rein to, cede, commit, entrust, leave to another to decide, defer, grant, allow
permultus, permulta, permultum1very much, very many
praetexta, praetextae(fem)1toga with a purple border worn by curule magistrates and children
prūdēns, prūdentis1foreseeing, aware (of); intelligent, prudent; skilled (in)
publicē(adverb)1officially, at the public expense, as a community, in the public interest
quiētus, quiēta, quiētum1calm, quiet; peaceful, sleeping; undisturbed
quisquis, quodquod/quicquid/quidquid1whoever, whatever, everyone who
quoque(adverb)1besides, also, actually
rēctā(adverb)1directly, straight
reticeō, reticēre, reticuī1keep silent, leave unsaid
rūsticus, rūstica, rūsticum1rural, rustic; agricultural; coarse, boorish; crude, clumsy; simple
scientia, scientiae(fem)1knowledge; understanding, expert knowledge
sēnsus, sēnsūs(fem)1faculty of feeling, perception, sensation, sense; emotion; idea; epigrammatic notion; meaning
serta, sertōrum(neut)1chains of flowers, garlands, festoons
silentium, silentiī(neut)1stillness, silence; repose, tranquillity; omission to speak or write of; neglect
sitis, sitisfem)1thirst, drought
status, statūs1standing, position; posture; condition, circumstance, state; rank
suspicor, suspicārī, suspicātus sum1suspect; have an inkling of; infer
temeritās, temeritātis(fem)1recklessness, thoughtlessness, impetuosity
trucīdō, trucīdāre, trucīdāuī, trucīdātum1slaughter, butcher
ualēns, ualentis1strong, stout, vigorous; healthy; powerful; potent, effective
uēna, uēnae1vein, blood-vessel, fissure, river channel
uērē(adverb)1truly, really, indeed; correctly
uespera, uesperae(fem)1evening
uindex, uindicis1champion, defender; protector; avenger, revenger; one who punishes (an offence)
ūnā(adverb)1at the same time; in one company, together
uōtum, uōtī(neut)1vow; votive offering; prayer; desire, hope
utī1(old form of ut) in what manner, how; in the manner that, as; inasmuch as, insofar as; how much or greatly; when, as soon as; uti ... ita as well as ... no less; while ... while; (conjunction) so that; in order that; as if; as if it were; namely, namely that
lectulum, lectuli(neut)1diminutive of lectus, lecti; small bed, charming bed