A list of all the vocabulary occuring in In Catilinam 1 and 2, arranged alphaetically
| ā | (preposition with ablative) | from; by (of the agent); away from; since |
| ab | (preposition with ablative) | from; by (of the agent); away from; since |
| abeō, abīre, abiī/abīuī, abitum | go away, depart; disappear; be changed; pass away; retire | |
| abhorreō, abhorrēre, abhorruī | (usually with ab with abl) be averse (to), shudder at; be inconsistent (with) | |
| abiciō, abicere, abiēcī, abiectum | throw away; slight, give up; humble, debase | |
| abs | (preposition with ablative) | from; by (of the agent); away from; since |
| absum, abesse, āfuī | be absent or away (from) or distant; be wanting | |
| abundantia, abundantiae | (fem) | overflow, excess, abundance, superabundance |
| abūtor, abūtī, abūsus sum | use up, waste; misuse | |
| ac | (conjunction) | and, and besides; than |
| accēdō, accēdere, accessī, accessum | go or come to, approach; attack; fall to one's share, be added, come over to; be like; enter, enter upon | |
| accelerō, accelerāre, accelerāuī, accelerātum | quicken, cause to speed up, hasten, hurry | |
| accidō, accidere, accidī | fall down, prostrate oneself, (of news etc.) be heard, impinge upon, happen, occur, turn out, (impers.) it is the case that/it happens that | |
| accubō, accubāre, accubuī, accubitum | lie at, by, or beside | |
| accūsō, accūsāre, accūsāuī, accūsātum | blame, censure, accuse, charge | |
| ācer, ācris, ācre | sharp, sour, pungent, piercing; violent; keen, furious, swift, active, ardent, courageous; drastic, critical | |
| acerbus, acerba, acerbum | unripe, sour, bitter; crude; shrill, rough, violent; severe; grievous | |
| aciēs, aciēī | (fem) | sharp edge, point; battle-array, line of battle; acuteness, sharpness |
| ad | (preposition with accusative) | to, towards, near by, at, before, up to, until, about |
| addūcō, addūcere, addūxī, adductum | bring or lead to; induce, contract, tighten | |
| adeō | (adverb) | thus far, so far as, so much, to such a degree, so; just, even, much more, much less |
| affectus, affecta, affectum | endowed with; disposed; impaired | |
| afferō, afferre, attulī, adlātum | bring to, bring word, allege, produce, contribute, cause | |
| afficiō, afficere, affēcī, affectum | affect, do to, treat, manage; attack, afflict | |
| adflīctō, adflīctāre, adflīctāuī, adflīctātum | strike repeatedly, damage, vex | |
| adflīgō, adflīgere, adflīxī, adflīctum | afflict, throw down, crush, grieve, humble, weaken | |
| aggregō, aggregāre, aggregāuī, aggregātum | join together, attach | |
| adhibeō, adhibēre, adhibuī, adhibitum | apply, use; invite, admit; to furnish, produce | |
| adhūc | (adverb) | to this point, hitherto; yet, still; besides |
| adipīscor, adipīscī, adeptus sum | reach, get, obtain, arrive (at), overtake | |
| adiuuō, adiuuāre, adiūuī, adiūtum | assist, help, cherish, favour, mitigate | |
| administer, administrī | (masc) | servant, assistant, supporter |
| administrō, administrāre, administrāuī, administrātum | administer, manage, serve | |
| admīror, admīrārī, admīrātus sum | admire, wonder at | |
| acquīrō, acquīrere, acquīsīuī, acquīsītum | acquire, gain, get, obtain | |
| assequor, assequī, assecūtus sum | follow on, pursue; overtake; gain, attain to; equal, rival; understand | |
| adseruō, adseruāre, adseruāuī, adseruātum | keep, preserve, watch, observe | |
| assīdō, assīdere, assēdī | sit down | |
| assuēfaciō, assuēfacere, assuēfēcī, adsuēfactum | accustom (to) | |
| adsum, adesse, adfuī | be near, be present, arrive; (with dative) aid | |
| aduentus, aduentūs | (masc) | arrival, approach, attack |
| adulēscēns, adulēscentis | (masc/fem) | youth (male or female) |
| adulescentulus, adulescentula, adulescentulum | very youthful, quite young | |
| adulter, adulterī | (masc) | adulterer |
| adultus, adulta, adultum | full-grown, adult, mature, ripe, firmly established | |
| aedificium, aedificiī | (neut) | building |
| aedificō, aedificāre, aedificāuī, aedificātum | build, make, create | |
| aedis, aedis | (fem) | sing temple; pl house, room |
| aeger, aegra, aegrum | sick, infirm, sad, sorrowful, painful, grievous | |
| aequitās, aequitātis | (fem) | evenness, conformity, symmetry, equanimity, fairness, impartiality |
| aequus, aequa, aequum | level, flat, equal, evenly poised, reciprocated, even-handed, fair, just, fair-minded, favourable, friendly, indulgent, sympathetic, tranquil | |
| aerārium, aerāriī | (neut) | treasury |
| aes, aeris | (neut) | copper ore, copper; bronze; money, pay, wages, bronze statue, etc.; aliēnum debt |
| aestus, aestūs | (masc) | heat, fire; summer; tide, swell of the sea; passion, agitation |
| aetās, aetātis | (fem) | life-time, age, period; generation; time of life |
| aeternus, aeterna, aeternum | eternal, everlasting, imperishable | |
| ager, agrī | (masc) | piece of land, territory, country, region, field, landed estate, the land |
| agnōscō, agnōscere, agnōuī, agnitum | recognize, identify, acknowledge; acknowledge as true, assent to; understand,perceive | |
| agō, agere, ēgī, āctum | drive, act, do, transact, carry off, apply, cause to bring forth, urge, deal, think, manage, exercise, perform, deliver (a speech), play (as an actor), behave (as), pass, spend, disturb; grātiās agō thank | |
| agrestis, agrestis, agreste | rustic, rude, wild, savage; agrestis, agrestis (masc.) countryman, peasant | |
| Ahāla, Ahālae | (masc) | family name of the gens Servilia, esp. Gaius Servilius Ahala |
| āiō | to say yes, assent, affirm | |
| ālea, āleae | (fem) | die, dice-play, gambling, chance, venture, risk |
| āleātor, āleātōris | (masc) | dice-player, gambler |
| aliā | by another way | |
| aliēnus, aliēna, aliēnum | another's, foreign; contrary, averse, hostile; aes aliēnum debt | |
| aliō | to another place; to another subject; to another purpose | |
| aliquandō | (adverb) | once, some time in the future, ever, sometimes, eventually, while there is time |
| aliquī, aliquae, aliquod | some, any | |
| aliquis, aliquid | someone, somewhat, something | |
| aliquō | to some place or other | |
| aliquot | (indeclinable adjective) | some, a number of |
| alius, alia, aliud | another; alius ... alius one ... another | |
| alō, alere, aluī, altum/alitum | nurse, nourish, maintain; promote; cherish | |
| altāria, altārium | (neut) | altar, burnt-offerings |
| alter, altera, alterum | another, the other, any other, the former, the latter; unus et alter one or two, a few | |
| āmentia, āmentiae | (fem) | madness, stupidity |
| amīcus, amīcī | (masc) | friend, lover, supporter |
| amō, amāre, amāuī, amātum | love, like, be fond of | |
| amor, amōris | (masc) | love; the beloved; (the god) Cupid; sexual desire |
| amplius | more, further | |
| amplus, ampla, amplum | ample, large, wide; distinguished | |
| an | (conjunction) | whether? or, either |
| angulus, angulī | (masc) | angle, corner, nook, out-of-the-way spot |
| anhēlō, anhēlāre, anhēlāuī, anhēlātum | pant, gasp, breathe out, exhale | |
| animaduertō, animaduertere, animaduerteretī, animaduersum | observe, attend to, remark, notice, understand, perceive; avenge, punish, blame | |
| animus, animī | (masc) | mind, will, soul, desire, character; courage; anger; pride; pleasure, inclination; memory, judgment, consciousness, opinion; vital power, life; aequō animō with equanimity |
| annus, annī | (masc) | year, season, age |
| ante | (adverb) | before, in front of |
| ante | (preposition with accusative) | before, in front of |
| anteā | (adverb) | before, in the past, previously |
| antelūcānus, antelūcāna, antelūcānum | before daybreak | |
| antīquus, antīqua, antīquum | old, ancient; aged; of the old stamp, simple, honest, venerable | |
| apertus, aperta, apertum | open; public; exposed; wide, extended; cloudless; clear; frank | |
| apparātus, apparāta, apparātum | prepared, ready; splendid, sumptuous | |
| appellō, appellāre, appellāuī, appellātum | call upon; address; appeal (to); bring into court; accuse; name | |
| Appennīnus, Appennīnī | (masc) | the Apennines |
| appropinquō, appropinquāre, appropinquāuī, appropinquātum | approach, draw near | |
| apud | (preposition with accusative) | at the house of, at, by, near, with; among; in; before; in the time of; in the works of |
| Āpūlia, Āpūliae | (fem) | Apulia (district in south-east Italy) |
| aqua, aquae | (fem) | water; rain; sea; lake; river |
| aquila, aquilae | (fem) | eagle; standard of a Roman legion |
| arbitror, arbitrārī, arbitrātus sum | observe, perceive, pass sentence; believe, think | |
| arceō, arcēre, arcuī | keep off, prevent; protect | |
| ardeō, ardēre, arsī, arsum | burn, blaze; flash; glow, sparkle; be inflamed | |
| argenteus, argentea, argenteum | of silver; silvery | |
| argentum, argentī | (neut) | silver; silver plate; money |
| arma, armōrum | (neut) | arms, weapons; tools; tackling; shield; soldiers, army; war; battle |
| armatus, armata, armatum | armed, clad in armour, characterized by the use of arms | |
| ascīscō, ascīscere, ascīuī, ascītum | receive, admit, approve of, associate; appropriate, adopt | |
| aspiciō, aspicere, aspexī, aspectum | look at, behold; (geographically) look towards, face; consider, contemplate | |
| at | (conjunction) | but, yet; but then; on the contrary; at least |
| atque | (conjunction) | and, and also, and even, and too; yet, nevertheless; (after words expressing comparison) as, than |
| atrōx, atrōcis | dreadful, frightful, fierce, alarming, violent, cruel, savage, shocking, heinous, unrelenting | |
| attendō, attendere, attendī, attentum | turn towards; apply; attend to, listen carefully | |
| attribuō, attribuere, attribuī, attribūtum | assign; attribute or impute to | |
| auctiōnārius, auctiōnāria, auctiōnārium | pertaining to an auction | |
| auctor, auctōris | (masc/fem) | creator, maker, inventor; leader; founder, author |
| auctōritās, auctōritātis | (fem) | right of ownership, sanction, approval, responsibility, informal decree of the senate, guidance, power, influence, authority, command, authoritativeness, opinion, dignity, prestige, ascendancy, esteem |
| audācia, audāciae | (fem) | boldness; courage, valour; audacity |
| audāx, audācis | bold, courageous, audacious; desperate | |
| audeō, audēre, ausus sum | dare, venture | |
| audiō, audīre, audiī/audīuī, audītum | hear; listen; regard; grant; obey | |
| Aurēlius, Aurēlia, Aurēlium | Aurelian; via Aurēlia a road leading from Rome to the maritime Alps; forum Aurēlium a small town in Etruria | |
| auris, auris | (fem) | ear; hearing |
| auspicium, auspiciī | (neut) | auspices; the right of taking auspices; leadership, authority; sign, omen |
| aut | (conjunction) | or; or else, either |
| autem | (conjunction) | but; however; indeed; on the contrary |
| auus, auī | (masc) | grandfather; ancestor |
| auxilium, auxiliī | (neut) | help, aid, assistance; auxiliary forces |
| bacchor, bacchārī, bacchātus sum | celebrate the rites of Bacchus; revel, rave; riot, run wild | |
| barbātus, barbāta, barbātum | bearded; adult | |
| beātus, beāta, beātum | happy, blessed; prosperous | |
| bellum, bellī | (neut) | war, warfare, fighting, military force, fleet, belli = at war/in the field |
| bene | (adverb) | well, rightly, beautifully; fortuitously, opportunely |
| beneficium, beneficiī | (neut) | benefit, kindness, favour, assistance |
| bibō, bibere, bibī, bibitum | drink; imbibe; absorb, suck up; drink in | |
| bonum, bonī | (neut) | good; wealth, goods; benefit; advantage; profit; virtue |
| bonus, bona, bonum | good; kind; beautiful; pleasant; right; considerable; virtuous; promising, happy; favourable; high, honourable | |
| breuis, breuis, breue | short, little, brief; small; concise; shallow | |
| caedēs, caedis | (fem) | killing, slaughter, gore, corpses |
| caelum, caelī | (neut) | sky, heavens, air, atmosphere, weather, climate |
| calamitās, calamitātis | (fem) | disaster, ruin, defeat |
| campus, campī | (masc) | plain, field, field of battle, recreational area, scope, opportunity, expanse of water, Campus Martius = open space in Rome near the Tiber |
| cantō, cantāre, cantāuī, cantātum | sing; play, recite; praise; forewarn; enchant; bewitch | |
| capillus, capillī | (masc) | hair of the head; hair |
| capiō, capere, cēpī, captum | take, seize, capture; get, obtain; captivate, win over; find out; understand; choose, select | |
| capitālis, capitālis, capitāle | belonging to the head or life; deadly, mortal; dangerous; excellent, first-rate | |
| carcer, carceris | (masc) | prison, jail |
| careō, carēre, caruī, caritum | (with ablative) be without, want; be absent from; be lacking in | |
| cārus, cāra, cārum | dear, costly; precious, loved | |
| castrum, castrī | (neut) | fortified post, settlement; castra, castrōrum (plural) military camp; war-service; day's march; field of activity |
| cāsus, cāsūs | (masc) | disaster, misfortune |
| Catilīna, Catilīnae | (masc) | L. Sergius Catiline |
| causa, causae | (fem) | cause, reason, motive; occasion; matter, subject; affair, business; process, suit; (political) party; causā (with genitive) for the sake of, because of |
| cēdō, cēdere, cessī, cessum | go, walk; turn out, come to pass; fall to, devolve; yield, give way; withdraw; go off; succeed; allow, grant; give up | |
| cēna, cēnae | (fem) | dinner, supper, course for dinner |
| centuriō, centuriōnis | (masc) | centurion |
| certāmen, certāminis | (neut) | competition, rivalry, fight, contest, quarrel, legal dispute, philosophical argument |
| certē | (adverb) | certainly, surely; really; yet indeed, at least |
| certō | (adverb) | certainly, surely |
| certō, certāre, certāuī, certātum | fight, contend, strive | |
| certus, certa, certum | certain; sure, safe; distinct; agreed upon, known; steady, resolute, loyal | |
| cēterus, cētera, cēterum | the other; cēterī (plural) the others, the rest | |
| cibus, cibī | (masc) | food; fare |
| cinis, cineris | (masc/fem) | ashes; ruins |
| circumclūdō, circumclūdere, circumclūsī, circumclūsum | enclose on all sides | |
| circumscrīptor, circumscrīptōris | (masc) | cheat; defrauder |
| circumstō, circumstāre, circumstetī | stand round; surround | |
| cīuis, cīuis | (masc/fem) | citizen; countryman or woman |
| cīuitās, cīuitātis | (fem) | citizenship; citizens; city; state |
| clāmō, clāmāre, clāmāuī, clāmātum | shout, shout out | |
| clārus, clāra, clārum | clear, bright; loud, distinct; evident; illustrious, famous | |
| clēmēns, clēmentis | merciful, gentle, mild; quiet, peaceable; courteous; moderate | |
| coepiō, coepere, coepī, coeptum | start, begin | |
| coerceō, coercēre, coercuī, coercitum | confine, preserve, enclose, restrict, restrain, keep under control, check, punish | |
| coetus, coetūs | (masc) | meeting, assembly, company |
| cōgitātiō, cōgitātiōnis | (fem) | thinking, meditation; thought; intention; plan; opinion; reasoning power |
| cōgitō, cōgitāre, cōgitāuī, cōgitātum | consider, ponder, think; meditate; intend; look forward to; imagine | |
| cognōscō, cognōscere, cognōuī, cognitum | to become acquainted with, acquire knowledge of, ascertain, learn, perceive, understand | |
| cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctum | drive together; collect; curdle; force, compel; prove conclusively | |
| cohors, cohortis | (fem) | cohort, retinue, staff, entourage, any group, farmyard |
| colōnia, colōniae | (fem) | settlement, colony |
| colōnus, colōnī | (masc) | farmer |
| comes, comitis | (masc/fem) | companion, comrade, friend, member of the same group, follower, devotee, partner, sharer |
| cōmissātiō, cōmissātiōnis | (fem) | merry-making, revelling |
| comitātus, comitātūs | (masc) | escort, train, company |
| comitia, comitiōrum | (neut) | elections |
| comitium, comitiī | (neut) | a place in the forum, where the comitia were held; comitia, ōrum n pl elections |
| commemorō, commemorāre, commemorāuī, commemorātum | recall; mention | |
| commendātiō, commendātiōnis | (fem) | entrusting; recommendation; excellence; approval |
| committō, committere, commīsī, commissum | join, unite; commit, entrust; match (one against another); compare; venture; begin; engage in | |
| commoueō, commouēre, commōuī, commōtum | move vigorously; stir up; excite; disturb; astonish; affect | |
| commūnis, commūnis, commūne | shared by, joint, common, general, ordinary; public | |
| comparō, comparāre, comparāuī, comparātum | unite; compare; prepare; provide (for); acquire; raise (a force); appoint | |
| comperiō, comperīre, comperī, compertum | find out, learn, know for certain | |
| competītor, competītōris | (masc) | rival, competitor |
| complector, complectī, complexus sum | clasp; encompass, embrace; lay hold of; contain; comprehend (mentally) | |
| complexus, complexūs | (noun) | embrace; sexual intercourse |
| complūrēs, complūra | several, many | |
| comprehendō, comprehendere, comprehendī, comprehēnsum | seize or grasp; comprise; include; attack; embrace; describe; express; arrest or lay hold of; understand | |
| comprimō, comprimere, compressī, compressum | press or squeeze together; keep or hold back or in; suppress | |
| cōnātus, cōnātūs | (masc) | attempt, undertaking; effort; impulse |
| concēdō, concēdere, concessī, concessum | go away, depart, withdraw; yield to, submit; allow, grant | |
| concidō, concidere, concidī | fall down or into decay; fail; faint; be slain; die | |
| concipiō, concipere, concēpī, conceptum | conceive, devise; understand; take in; produce, form | |
| concitō, concitāre, concitāuī, concitātum | stir up, excite; disturb, rouse | |
| concordia, concordiae | (fem) | harmony, concord, conjunction, union |
| concupīscō, concupīscere, concupiī/concupīuī, concupītum | long much for, covet, desire ardently | |
| concursus, concursūs | (masc) | assembly, concourse, attack, encounter, collision, conjunction, concurrence |
| condemnō, condemnāre, condemnāuī, condemnātum | condemn, doom; convict | |
| condiciō, condiciōnis | (fem) | condition, situation, rank; stipulation; term, agreement; marriage; married person |
| cōnferciō, cōnfercīre, cōnfersī, cōnfertum | stuff, stuff together, press close together | |
| cōnferō, cōnferre, contulī, collātum | bring or carry together, collect, unite, join; compare; betake oneself, go | |
| cōnfestim | (adverb) | immediately, speedily |
| cōnficiō, cōnficere, cōnfēcī, cōnfectum | do, accomplish; finish; effect; arrange; produce, cause; conquer; kill; use up; consume, weaken, overwhelm; spend | |
| cōnfīdō, cōnfīdere, cōnfīsus sum | with dat trust to, have confidence in | |
| cōnfirmō, cōnfirmāre, cōnfirmāuī, cōnfirmātum | confirm; strengthen; encourage; prove; say boldly | |
| cōnflagrō, cōnflagrāre, cōnflagrāuī, cōnflagrātum | be burnt down; be utterly destroyed | |
| cōnflīgō, cōnflīgere, cōnflīxī, cōnflīctum | strike together, collide, clash; strive; fight; dispute | |
| cōnflō, cōnflāre, cōnflāuī, cōnflātum | blow on, ignite; melt; inflame; raise, bring about; arouse | |
| congregō, congregāre, congregāuī, congregātum | collect together, unite | |
| coniciō, conicere, coniēcī, coniectum | throw together; cast, fling; drive; direct | |
| cōnīueō, cōnīuēre, cōnīuī/cōnīxī | close the eyes; wink at, overlook, turn a blind eye | |
| coniungō, coniungere, coniūnxī, coniūnctum | join together, unite sexually, connect, unite (military forces), join in time, bring into friendship/alliance, join in marriage, add, include, associate | |
| coniūrātiō, coniūrātiōnis | (fem) | taking an oath together, plot, conspiracy, band of conspirators |
| coniūrātus, coniūrāta, coniūrātum | leagued; coniūrātī, ōrum m pl conspirators | |
| colligō, conligere, conlēgī, conlēctum | collect, assemble; acquire; pick up; infer; reckon; sum up | |
| collocō, collocāre, collocāuī, collocātum | put in a particular place together, arrange, set, station; bestow; employ; lay out; give in marriage | |
| cōnor, cōnārī, cōnātus sum | try, venture, undertake | |
| corrōborō, corrōborāre, corrōborāuī, corrōborātum | strengthen, corroborate | |
| corruō, corruere, corruī | break down, fall to the ground, collapse | |
| cōnscelerātus, cōnscelerāta, cōnscelerātum | wicked, depraved; criminal | |
| cōnscientia, cōnscientiae | (fem) | the holding of knowledge in common, complicity, consciousness, moral sense, conscience |
| cōnscrībō, cōnscrībere, cōnscrīpsī, cōnscrīptum | enlist or enrol; compose, write | |
| cōnsēnsiō, cōnsēnsiōnis | (fem) | agreement, unanimity; conspiracy |
| cōnsequor, cōnsequī, cōnsecūtus sum | follow after; overtake; get or obtain; procure; imitate; reach, come up to; befall; bring about, achieve | |
| cōnseruō, cōnseruāre, cōnseruāuī, cōnseruātum | preserve, keep from danger; maintain | |
| cōnsilium, cōnsiliī | (neut) | counsel, advice; reason; purpose, plan; stratagem; resolution, will; judgment |
| cōnspiciō, cōnspicere, cōnspexī, cōnspectum | catch sight of, see; observe; descry | |
| cōnstantia, cōnstantiae | (fem) | invariability, steadiness, persistence, consistency, firmness of purpose, constancy, loyalty |
| cōnstituō, cōnstituere, cōnstituī, cōnstitūtum | put, set, place, establish; set in place, constitute; decide, determine; fix, establish; range; build | |
| cōnstringō, cōnstringere, cōnstrīnxī, cōnstrictum | bind fast or tight; compress | |
| cōnsulāris, cōnsulāris, cōnsulāre | consular; of or proper to a consul | |
| cōnsulātus, cōnsulātūs | (masc) | consulship, term of office as consul |
| cōnsul, cōnsulis | (masc) | consul, one of the chief Roman magistrates |
| cōnsulō, cōnsulere, cōnsuluī, cōnsultum | take counsel; consider; consult (someone) | |
| cōnsultum, cōnsultī | decision; decree | |
| cōnsūmō, cōnsūmere, cōnsūmpsī, cōnsūmptum | use up, squander; eat; consume; squander, destroy | |
| contāminō, contāmināre, contāmināuī, contāminātum | contaminate, pollute, debase, spoil | |
| contemnō, contemnere, contempsī, contemptum | scorn, contemn | |
| contendō, contendere, contendī, contentum | stretch, strain; hurl; contend; fight; dispute | |
| contentus, contenta, contentum | tense, tight; eager, intent | |
| contentus, contenta, contentum | tense, tight; eager, intent | |
| continentia, continentiae | (fem) | abstemiousness, continence, self-control |
| contineō, continēre, continuī, contentum | hold together, contain; retain; enclose, confine; hinder, prevent; stop | |
| contingō, contingere, contigī, contāctum | touch; seize; border upon; reach; influence, affect; befall, come to pass | |
| contrā | (adverb) | opposite, against, facing, in the direction of, to the detriment of, in reply to, contrary to, otherwise than |
| contrā | (preposition with accusative) | opposite, against, facing, in the direction of, to the detriment of, in reply to, contrary to, otherwise than |
| contrahō, contrahere, contrāxī, contractum | draw together, contract, diminish, compress, restrict, assemble, amass, collect, unite in friendship, enter into (a formal relationship), do business, cause, provoke, bring on oneself, catch (an illness) | |
| contrōuersia, contrōuersiae | (fem) | controversy; dispute |
| contumēlia, contumēliae | (fem) | insult, affront, ignominy; damage |
| conueniō, conuenīre, conuēnī, conuentum | come together, assemble; meet; agree; fit, suit | |
| conuentus, conuentūs | (masc) | meeting, assembly |
| conuertō, conuertere, conuertī, conuersum | cause to rotate, invert, turn backwards, reverse the natural direction of, direct the course of, turn, (followed by in se, ad se) attract the notice of, win over, shift, divert, translate, resort to...for help | |
| conuincō, conuincere, conuīcī, conuictum | find guilty, convict, prove wrong, expose | |
| conuīuium, conuīuiī | (neut) | feast, entertainment, banquet |
| conuocō, conuocāre, conuocāuī, conuocātum | call together, convoke, assemble | |
| cōpia, cōpiae | (fem) | abundance, plenty; riches; store; provisions; ability; power; opportunity, means |
| cōpiae, cōpiārum | (fem pl) | (military) forces, troops |
| cōpiōsus, cōpiōsa, cōpiōsum | plentiful, rich, wealthy; eloquent | |
| corpus, corporis | (neut) | body; flesh; corpse; trunk; frame; corporation |
| corrigō, corrigere, corrēxī, corrēctum | straighten, set right; correct | |
| corrumpō, corrumpere, corrūpī, corruptum | spoil, destroy, deface; falsify; bribe; corrupt, seduce | |
| corruptēla, corruptēlae | (fem) | corruption, enticement to sexual misconduct, bribery; corrupting influence |
| corruptor, corruptōris | (masc) | corrupter, seducer, briber |
| cōtīdiē | (adverb) | every day, daily |
| crēdō, crēdere, crēdidī, crēditum | (with dative) believe, trust; entrust; think, be of the opinion | |
| crēscō, crēscere, crēuī, crētum | grow; arise, spring; appear; get advantage; increase | |
| crūdēlis, crūdēlis, crūdēle | cruel, bloodthirsty | |
| cruentus, cruenta, cruentum | bloody, bleeding, involving bloodshed, cruel, savage | |
| culpa, culpae | (fem) | responsibility, blame, guilt, sense of guilt, offence, error, mistake, fault |
| cum | (conjunction) | with, together with |
| cum | (preposition with abl) | with, together with |
| cumulō, cumulāre, cumulāuī, cumulātum | heap up; accumulate, amass | |
| cūnctus, cūncta, cūnctum | all together, total, complete | |
| cupiditās, cupiditātis | (fem) | longing, desire; passion; avarice; ambition |
| cupiō, cupere, cupiī/cupīuī, cupītum | long for, desire; covet | |
| cūr | (adverb) | why? |
| cūra, cūrae | (fem) | attention, care, responsibility; written work; anxiety, concern; trouble; love; object of love |
| cūria, cūriae | (fem) | meeting-hall, the Senate-house, the Senate, meeting of the Senate, a division of the Roman people |
| cursus, cursūs | (masc) | running; course, voyage, journey; race; direction; march; career |
| custōdia, custōdiae | (fem) | watch, guard, care; watch-house; guard-post; confinement; prison |
| custōdiō, custōdīre, custōdiī/custōdīuī, custōdītum | watch, guard; preserve; take heed; retain | |
| custōs, custōdis | (masc/fem) | keeper; guardian; protector; watchman; jailer; container |
| dē | (preposition with ablative) | down from; from; away from, out of; about; concerning; for |
| dēbeō, dēbēre, dēbuī, dēbitum | owe, be in debt; be obliged or bound or destined | |
| dēbilitō, dēbilitāre, dēbilitāuī, dēbilitātum | weaken; maim | |
| dēbitum, dēbitī | (neut) | debt; duty |
| dēcernō, dēcernere, dēcrēuī, dēcrētum | distinguish; judge; decide; settle; propose | |
| dēclīnātiō, dēclīnātiōnis | (fem) | a side turn (of the body), a leaning aside |
| dēcoctor, dēcoctōris | (masc) | insolvent person, defaulting debtor |
| dēdecus, dēdecoris | (neut) | disgrace, dishonour, shame, ugliness |
| dēdūcō, dēdūcere, dēdūxī, dēductum | lead away, draw out, turn aside; bring away or off; conduct; escort; derive; withdraw | |
| dēfendō, dēfendere, dēfendī, dēfēnsum | ward off, avert, prevent, protect, defend, take care, preserve, shelter, speak in defence (of), defend (a case), justify, maintain | |
| dēferō, dēferre, dētulī, dēlātum | carry (down), fetch, deliver, transfer/remit money, submit accounts, report, denounce, entrust, confer | |
| dēfetīgō, dēfetīgāre, dēfetīgāuī, dēfetīgātum | tire, exhaust, wear out; lose heart | |
| dēficiō, dēficere, dēfēcī, dēfectum | fail; cease; faint; be discouraged; sink under; be wanting or defective; be lacking; die; abandon | |
| dēfīgō, dēfīgere, dēfīxī, dēfīxum | fix down, fasten; thrust into; astound, bewitch | |
| deinde | (adverb) | afterward; then; next |
| dēlectō, dēlectāre, dēlectāuī, dēlectātum | entice; delight; amuse; charm | |
| dēleō, dēlēre, dēlēuī, dēlētum | efface; suppress; destroy; kill; annul | |
| dēlicātus, dēlicāta, dēlicātum | charming, elegant; delicate, tender; voluptuous; luxurious; effeminate | |
| dēligō, dēligere, dēlēgī, dēlectum | remove by plucking, pick, choose, levy | |
| dēmigrō, dēmigrāre, dēmigrāuī, dēmigrātum | go away | |
| dēmōnstrō, dēmōnstrāre, dēmōnstrāuī, dēmōnstrātum | point out or at; prove, demonstrate; describe | |
| dēnique | (adverb) | at last, finally, in fact; in short |
| dēpellō, dēpellere, dēpulī, dēpulsum | drive away/off, wean, repel, expel, dismiss, force to stop, avert | |
| dēpōnō, dēpōnere, dēposuī, dēpositum | lay down or aside; deposit; commit; entrust; resign; fix, set | |
| dēposcō, dēposcere, dēpoposcī | ask for earnestly, require | |
| dēprecor, dēprecārī, dēprecātus sum | pray against; beg off; beg pardon; avert by prayer | |
| dēprehendō, dēprehendere, dēprehendī, dēprehēnsum | catch, find out; discern, perceive; reach, overtake; catch in the act; surprise | |
| dērelinquō, dērelinquere, dērelīquī, dērelictum | leave behind, abandon, neglect | |
| dēscrībō, dēscrībere, dēscrīpsī, dēscrīptum | copy; describe; establish | |
| dēserō, dēserere, dēseruī, dēsertum | forsake, abandon, desert | |
| dēsīderium, dēsīderiī | (neut) | desire, wishing, longing for; regret for what is absent; darling, favourite, pet |
| dēsīderō, dēsīderāre, dēsīderāuī, dēsīderātum | wish for, long for, desire; need, want,miss | |
| dēsignō, dēsignāre, dēsignāuī, dēsignātum | mark out, designate; denote; appoint; choose | |
| dēsinō, dēsinere, dēsiī/dēsīuī, dēsitum | leave off, cease, desist | |
| dēsistō, dēsistere, dēstitī, dēstitum | leave off, cease, desist from | |
| dēspērātiō, dēspērātiōnis | (fem) | despair |
| dēspērātus, dēspērāta, dēspērātum | desperate, despaired of | |
| dēsum, dēesse, dēfuī | (with dative) be wanting, be lacking | |
| dētestor, dētestārī, dētestātus sum | call down a solemn curse on, loath, avert by entreaty | |
| dētrahō, dētrahere, dētrāxī, dētractum | strip off, remove, drag away, draw off (blood etc.), pull down, dislodge, order to move, appropriate, deprive, lessen, detract, exclude, subtract | |
| dētrīmentum, dētrīmentī | (neut) | detriment, loss, damage; defeat |
| dēuoueō, dēuouēre, dēuōuī, dēuōtum | vow, devote; curse; bewitch | |
| deus, deī | (masc) | god |
| dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum | say | |
| dictātor, dictātōris | (masc) | dictator, chief magistrate, magistrate appointed at Rome in crisis |
| dictātūra, dictātūrae | (fem) | dictatorship |
| dictitō, dictitāre, dictitāuī, dictitātum | say often; plead often | |
| diēs, diēī | (masc) | day; daylight; festival; red letter day (feminine); lifetime; in diem each day |
| difficultās, difficultātis | (fem) | difficulty; trouble; intractability |
| dignus, digna, dignum | worthy, deserving; deserved | |
| dīlectus, dīlectūs | (masc) | levy, recruitment, selection, choice, discrimination |
| dīligēns, dīligentis | careful, diligent, frugal, thrifty | |
| dīligentia, dīligentiae | (fem) | carefulness, attentiveness; economy, frugality |
| dīmittō, dīmittere, dīmīsī, dīmissum | dismiss, let go, part with, disband, discharge, dissolve (a meeting), divorce, settle (a debt), dispatch, spread, release | |
| dīreptiō, dīreptiōnis | (fem) | plundering |
| dīreptor, dīreptōris | (masc) | plunderer |
| discēdō, discēdere, discessī, discessum | go off in different directions; march off; be divided; cease; die; depart from | |
| discessus, discessūs | (masc) | going apart; separation; departure; marching off |
| disciplīna, disciplīnae | (fem) | instruction; knowledge; discipline, area of study; system; method |
| discō, discere, didicī | learn, acquire knowledge of | |
| discrībō, discrībere, discrīpsī, discrīptum | divide, assign, distribute | |
| dīs, dītis | rich, richly endowed, fertile | |
| dissimilis, dissimilis, dissimile | unlike, dissimilar | |
| dissimulō, dissimulāre, dissimulāuī, dissimulātum | dissemble, disguise; hide; ignore | |
| dissolūtus, dissolūta, dissolūtum | loose; lax; negligent; dissolute | |
| distribuō, distribuere, distribuī, distribūtum | divide, distribute | |
| diū | (comparative adverb) | a long while; long since; diūtius longer; diūtissimē very long |
| dīuellō, dīuellere, dīuellī, dīuulsum | tear to pieces; tear away; estrange, break up | |
| dīuersus, dīuersa, dīuersum | opposite; separate, apart; unlike, different; hostile, opposed | |
| dō, dare, dedī, datum | give; ascribe; grant, permit; furnish, offer; lend; tell of; enable, cause | |
| dolor, dolōris | (masc) | pain; grief; anguish; sorrow; resentment |
| domesticus, domestica, domesticum | domestic, familiar; native; private, personal | |
| dominātiō, dominātiōnis | (fem) | position of authority of a paterfamilias, position of domination, rule, tyranny |
| domus, domūs/domī | (fem) | house; home; household; family; native country; domī at home |
| dormiō, dormīre, dormiī/dormīuī, dormītum | sleep; rest | |
| dubitō, dubitāre, dubitāuī, dubitātum | be in doubt, be uncertain, consider arguable, waver | |
| dubius, dubia, dubium | doubtful; variable; uncertain; dangerous; critical | |
| dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductum | lead, conduct, draw, bring; guide; marry; persuade; deceive; draw out, prolong; think, esteem, consider; pass; spend | |
| dūdum | (adverb) | a little while ago; formerly; iam dūdum long ago |
| dum | (conjunction) | while, as long as; until; provided that |
| dummodo | (conjunction) | so long as, provided that |
| duodecim | (indeclinable adjective) | twelve |
| duo, duae, duo | two | |
| dux, ducis | (masc/fem) | guide, driver, leader, commander, general |
| ē | (preposition with ablative) | out of, from; down from, off; by; after; on account of; in accordance with |
| eādem | (adverb) | by the same route |
| ēbriosus, ēbriosa, ēbriosum | routinely drunk; intoxicated | |
| ecquis, ecquid | is there anyone who? | |
| ēdictum, ēdictī | (noun) | proclamation, edict |
| ēdoceō, ēdocēre, ēdocuī, ēdoctum | teach or inform thoroughly | |
| ēdūcō, ēdūcere, ēdūxī, ēductum | lead or draw out; bring away; rear; educate; raise, produce | |
| efferō, efferre, extulī, ēlātum | take or carry out, remove; bear away a body for burial; bring forth, produce; utter; raise, advance; proclaim | |
| effrēnō, effrēnāre, effrēnāuī, effrēnātum | unbridle, let loose | |
| effugiō, effugere, effūgī | escape; flee from, avoid; be unnoticed; escape the knowledge of | |
| egēns, egentis | needy, very poor; destitute of | |
| egeō, egēre, eguī | (+ gen or abl) need, want, require, feel the absence of, lack, dispense with | |
| egestās, egestātis | (fem) | need, destitution, shortage, craving |
| ego | I; I myself | |
| ēgredior, ēgredī, ēgressus sum | march or come out; set sail; land; go beyond; ascend; overstep | |
| ēgregius, ēgregia, ēgregium | excellent, eminent; illustrious | |
| ei | exclamation expressing anguish or similar | |
| ēiciō, ēicere, ēiēcī, ēiectum | throw or cast out; thrust out; expel; banish; vomit; dislocate; cast ashore; reject | |
| ēlābor, ēlābī, ēlāpsus sum | escape; slip away | |
| ēlūdō, ēlūdere, ēlūsī, ēlūsum | deceive, trick, dodge, elude, baffle, ridicule, get away with outrageous conduct | |
| ēmergō, ēmergere, ēmersī, ēmersum | rise up out of the water, emerge; escape; appear; arrive | |
| ēmittō, ēmittere, ēmīsī, ēmissum | send out or forth; set free; fling; let fall; publish; empty; drain off | |
| ēmorior, ēmorī, ēmortuus sum | die away; die; perish | |
| enim | (conjunction) | indeed, for, yes indeed; certainly; enim uērō positively! well, of course; certainly |
| eō | (adverb) | to that place, thither; so far; therefore; so much (more or less) |
| eōdem | (adverb) | to the same place or purpose |
| eō, īre, iī/īuī, itum | go; walk, march; flow; come in; ride, sail; turn out | |
| eques, equitis | (masc) | horseman, rider, member of the equestrian order, 'knight' |
| ergō | (adverb) | therefore; then, now |
| ēripiō, ēripere, ēripuī, ēreptum | snatch away, carry off (property), rescue, (refl.) escape | |
| errō, errāre, errāuī, errātum | wander or stray about; go astray; err, mistake; vacillate | |
| ēructō, ēructāre, ēructāuī, ēructātum | bring up noisily; discharge violently | |
| ērumpō, ērumpere, ērūpī, ēruptum | burst forth, break out, become suddenly visible, (of plants etc.) sprout, escape from one's lips | |
| et | (conjunction) | and; also; even; et ... et both ... and |
| etenim | (conjunction) | and indeed, the fact is, for |
| etiam | (adverb/conjunction) | and also, too, besides; even now; yes indeed, yes; etiam atque etiam more and more, again and again |
| etiamsi | (conjunction) | even if, although, albeit |
| Etrūria, Etrūriae | (fem) | Etruria (district north of Rome and the Tiber) |
| ēuādō, ēuādere, ēuāsī, ēuāsum | go or come out; escape, avoid; turn out | |
| ēuertō, ēuertere, ēuertī, ēuersum | turn upside down; churn up; ruin, overthrow | |
| ēuocātor, ēuocātōris | (masc) | one who orders out troops |
| ēuomō, ēuomere, ēuomuī, ēuomitum | vomit out | |
| ex | (preposition with ablative) | out of, from; down from, off; by; after; on account of; in accordance with |
| exaudiō, exaudīre, exaudiī/exaudīuī, exaudītum | hear; comply with, heed | |
| excēdō, excēdere, excessī, excessum | depart, move out, go beyond, exceed, outlive, surpass | |
| excidō, excidere, excidī | fall out; escape; be deprived of; lose control of one's senses | |
| excitō, excitāre, excitāuī, excitātum | rouse up, wake up; raise, erect; arouse | |
| exclūdō, exclūdere, exclūsī, exclūsum | shut out, exclude; hatch; prevent | |
| excursiō, excursiōnis | (fem) | running forth; sally |
| exeō, exīre, exiī/exīuī, exitum | come/go out, march out, disembark, put out to sea, emerge, flow out, escape, become known, digress, pass, die, sprout, extend, develop into, result | |
| exerceō, exercēre, exercuī, exercitum | drill, exercise; employ; practise; administer; cultivate; harass | |
| exercitātiō, exercitātiōnis | (fem) | exercise, practice |
| exercitus, exercitūs | (masc) | army; swarm, flock |
| exhauriō, exhaurīre, exhausī, exhaustum | drain; empty; drink up; exhaust; see through to the end | |
| exīstimō, exīstimāre, exīstimāuī, exīstimātum | judge, value, esteem as | |
| exilium, exilii | (neut) | exile, banishment |
| exitium, exitiī | (neut) | ruin, mischief; death |
| expōnō, expōnere, exposuī, expositum | set out; expose; disembark; publish; exhibit, explain | |
| exprōmō, exprōmere, exprōmpsī, exprōmptum | bring out; disclose, reveal | |
| exsilium, exsiliī | (neut) | exile |
| exsistō, exsistere, exstitī, exstitum | step forth, appear; arise; become; prove to be | |
| exspectō, exspectāre, exspectāuī, exspectātum | wait for, look forward to, lie in store for, expect, hope for, anticipate | |
| extinguō, extinguere, extīnxī, extīnctum | quench, extinguish; kill; destroy | |
| exsul, exsulis | (masc/fem) | exile |
| exsultō, exsultāre, exsultāuī, exsultātum | jump about; let oneself go; exult | |
| externus, externa, externum | external, extraneous, foreign | |
| exterus, extera, exterum | outer, external, foreign (comparative exterior, superlative extrēmus and extimus) | |
| extorqueō, extorquēre, extorsī, extortum | twist or wrench out; extort | |
| extrā | (adverb) | outside, without; out of, beyond; except |
| extrā | (preposition with acc) | outside, beyond, except |
| facilis, facilis, facile | easy; pliable; gentle; courteous; good-natured, affable | |
| facinerōsus, facinerōsa, facinerōsum | criminal, wicked | |
| facinus, facinoris | (neut) | deed, crime, outrage |
| faciō, facere, fēcī, factum | make; do; fashion; cause; compose; practise; commit; render; value | |
| factum, factī | (neut) | deed, exploit |
| Faesulānus, Faesulāna, Faesulānum | of Faesulae (town in northern Italy) | |
| falcārius, falcāriī | (masc) | scythe-maker |
| fallō, fallere, fefellī, falsum | cheat, deceive; disappoint; escape notice | |
| falsus, falsa, falsum | false, wrong, spurious, unjustified, pretended, imitation, fictitious, imaginary, mendacious, deceitful, insincere, misleading | |
| fāma, fāmae | (fem) | rumour; fame; renown; ill repute; news |
| famēs, famis | (fem) | hunger; famine; craving |
| familia, familiae | (fem) | household, all persons under the control of one man, whether relations, freedmen, or slaves; family; servants or slaves belonging to one master; estate |
| familiāris, familiāris, familiāre | (superlative adverb (from adjective)) | belonging to one's household/family, private, personal, intimate, well-known, habitual, congenial, suited (to) |
| fascis, fascis | (masc) | bundle, parcel; fascēs pl bundles of rods, carried before the highest magistrates of Rome, typically with an axe bound up in the middle of them; the power or office of a magistrate |
| fateor, fatērī, fassus sum | concede, admit, confess, profess, declare, assent, say yes, acknowledge by one's behaviour | |
| fātum, fātī | (neut) | fate, destiny; doom; ill-fate; death |
| faucēs, faucium | (fem) | throat; narrow entrance; defile; gulf, abyss |
| faueō, fauēre, fāuī, fautum | with dat favour, befriend; back up | |
| fax, facis | (fem) | torch; firebrand; love-flame; fire, torment |
| febris, febris | (fem) | fever, attack of fever |
| ferō, ferre, tulī, lātum | take; bring; carry; bear away; remove; plunder; bear with; lead; produce, bring forth; endure; receive; propose; exhibit; ferunt they say; fertur it is said | |
| ferrum, ferrī | (neut) | iron; sword; any tool of iron; weapon |
| fidēs, fidis | (fem) | (usually (plural) fidēs, fidium) lyre |
| fīdō, fīdere, fīsus sum | trust, have confidence in, be confident that | |
| fingō, fingere, fīnxī, fictum | shape, form, fashion, make; contrive; invent; make a pretence of | |
| fīniō, fīnīre, fīniī/fīnīuī, fīnītum | limit; define; end, finish; mark out the boundaries of | |
| fīnis, fīnis | (masc/fem) | boundary, limit; end; purpose; goal; death |
| fīō, fierī, factus sum | be made or done; happen; become; take place | |
| firmō, firmāre, firmāuī, firmātum | reinforce, strengthen, secure, fortify, guard, establish, augment, guarantee, maintain, encourage, reassure, confirm, certify | |
| firmus, firma, firmum | firm; strong; steady; valid; bold | |
| Flaccus, Flaccī | (masc) | Flaccus |
| flāgitiōsus, flāgitiōsa, flāgitiōsum | (superlative adverb (from adjective)) | shocking, scandalous, infamous |
| flāgitium, flāgitiī | (neut) | shameful or base action; crime; scandal, disgrace |
| flāgitō, flāgitāre, flāgitāuī, flāgitātum | demand importunely; ask repeatedly (for) | |
| flamma, flammae | (fem) | blaze, flame; ardour; fire of love; object of love |
| flōrēns, flōrentis | prosperous, flourishing | |
| flōs, flōris | (masc) | blossom, flower; youthful prime |
| foedus, foederis | (neut) | league, treaty; agreement |
| forās | (adverb) | out of doors, abroad, forth, out |
| forīs | (adverb) | out of doors; abroad |
| fortasse | (adverb) | perhaps |
| fortis, fortis, forte | strong, powerful; hardy; courageous; valiant; manful | |
| fortitūdō, fortitūdinis | (fem) | strength; firmness; courage, valour; manfulness |
| fortūna, fortūnae | (fem) | fortune; chance; luck; prosperity; condition; wealth, property |
| Fortūna, Fortūnae | (fem) | Fortune, Chance |
| fortūnātus, fortūnāta, fortūnātum | lucky, happy, fortunate; rich | |
| forum, forī | (neut) | forum, market-place |
| frangō, frangere, frēgī, frāctum | break; crush; weaken; wear out; vanquish; break in | |
| fraudātiō, fraudātiōnis | (fem) | cheating, deceit, fraud |
| frequentia, frequentiae | (fem) | frequency; crowd; abundance of persons or things |
| frētus, frēta, frētum | with abl relying upon, trusting to | |
| frīgus, frīgoris | (neut) | cold, coldness; frost, winter |
| frōns, frontis | (fem) | forehead; brow; foremost part of anything |
| frūctus, frūctūs | (masc) | fruit, crops; profit |
| fuga, fugae | (fem) | flight; fleeing; avoidance; exile |
| fugitīuus, fugitīuī | (masc) | runaway |
| fulgeō, fulgēre, fulsī | gleam; glitter, shine forth, be bright | |
| Fuluius, Fuluiī | (masc) | Fulvius |
| fūnestus, fūnesta, fūnestum | fatal, deadly; destructive | |
| furiōsus, furiōsa, furiōsum | furious, mad, frantic, wild | |
| furō, furere, furuī | rage, be mad or furious; be wild | |
| furor, furōris | (masc) | fury, rage, madness |
| futūrus, futūra, futūrum | future | |
| Gallicānus, Gallicāna, Gallicānum | Gallic, of the Gauls | |
| Gallicus, Gallica, Gallicum | Gallic, of the Gauls | |
| gāneō, gāneōnis | (masc) | glutton, debauchee |
| gaudium, gaudiī | (neut) | joy, gladness; delight |
| gelidus, gelida, gelidum | icy, cold; frozen | |
| gēns, gentis | (fem) | race, nation, people, (pl.) nations of the world, a Roman clan, ubi gentium...? = where on earth...? |
| genus, generis | (neut) | birth, descent, origin; offspring; race; kind; family; nation; gender |
| gerō, gerere, gessī, gestum | bear, carry; wear; have; carry on, perform, do; govern, administer; achieve; carry in the womb | |
| gladiātor, gladiātōris | (masc) | gladiator, assassin |
| gladiātōrius, gladiātōria, gladiātōrium | of/belonging to gladiators | |
| gladius, gladiī | (masc) | sword |
| glōria, glōriae | (fem) | glory, fame, renown; vainglory, boasting |
| Gracchus, Gracchī | (masc) | Gracchus |
| gradus, gradūs | (masc) | step, pace; position; rank; degree; rung (ladder); stair |
| grātia, grātiae | (fem) | grace; gracefulness; good-will; kindness; favour; obligation; grātiās agere to thank; gratiā (with genitive) for the sake of, for the purpose of |
| grauis, grauis, graue | heavy; weighty, burdensome; burdened; important; solemn; serious; grievous; difficult; deep (of sound); strong (of smell) | |
| grauiter | (adverb) | heavily, severely; grievously; with reluctance |
| grex, gregis | (masc) | flock, herd; company; crew |
| habeō, habēre, habuī, habitum | have, hold, possess; contain; handle, use; manage; esteem; regard, treat (as) | |
| habitō, habitāre, habitāuī, habitātum | inhabit, dwell; live (in a place) | |
| hāc | (adverb) | by this way; on this side |
| haereō, haerēre, haesī, haesum | stick, cling, adhere, be fixed; be in difficulties; doubt; linger | |
| haesitō, haesitāre, haesitāuī, haesitātum | stick hesitate, be undecided; be stuck | |
| hebēscō, hebēscere | grow blunt or feeble | |
| hercule | (interjection) | by Hercules! |
| hesternus, hesterna, hesternum | of yesterday | |
| hīc | (adverb) | here; in the present circumstances |
| hice, haece, hoce | this | |
| hic, haec, hoc | this | |
| hiems, hiemis | (fem) | winter, rough weather |
| hinc | (adverb) | from this place; henceforth; from this cause |
| homō, hominis | (masc) | human being, person, individual; nouus homō parvenu, upstart |
| honestās, honestātis | (fem) | honourableness, honour; integrity |
| honestō, honestāre, honestāuī, honestātum | honour (with); adorn, grace | |
| honestus, honesta, honestum | worthy; decent; of high rank; honourable; handsome | |
| honor, honōris | (masc) | (also honōs) honour; regard; office, dignity; grace |
| honōrō, honōrāre, honōrāuī, honōrātum | honour | |
| hōra, hōrae | (fem) | hour; season (of the year); time; Hōrae, Hōrārum (plural) the Seasons (personified) |
| horribilis, horribilis, horribile | rough; terrible, horrible; monstrous | |
| hortor, hortārī, hortātus sum | urge on, encourage | |
| hostis, hostis | (masc/fem) | foreigner, enemy |
| hūc | (adverb) | to this place, hither, to this point/degree/end, huc...illuc = to and fro |
| hūmānus, hūmāna, hūmānum | human; humane; civilized; considerate | |
| humī | (fem) | loc. of humus, -i (fem) on the ground |
| humus, humī | (fem) | earth, soil, ground |
| iaceō, iacēre, iacuī | lie; be situated; be still; lie still; lie dead; lie in ruins | |
| iactō, iactāre, iactāuī, iactātum | throw, hurl; toss; utter with force; boast (of); torment; sē iactāre to glory (in) | |
| iam | (adverb) | now, already |
| Iānuārius, Iānuāria, Iānuārium | of January | |
| idcircō | (adverb) | therefore, for that reason |
| īdem, eadem, idem | the same | |
| Īdus, Īdūs | (fem) | 15th day of March, May, July, October, 13th day of the other months |
| igitur | (adverb) | therefore |
| ignāuia, ignāuiae | (fem) | laziness; faint-heartedness |
| ignōminia, ignōminiae | (fem) | ignominy, dishonour |
| ignōrō, ignōrāre, ignōrāuī, ignōrātum | be ignorant of; fail to recognize | |
| ille, illa, illud | he, she; it; that; the well-known; the former | |
| illinc | (adverb) | thence; on that side |
| illō | (adverb) | thither; to that point |
| imberbis, imberbis, imberbe | beardless | |
| immānitās, immānitātis | (fem) | hugeness, vastness; brutality; barbarity |
| immineō, imminēre | overhang; threaten, be imminent; be a threat (to) | |
| immittō, immittere, immīsī, immissum | send against/into, throw, (refl.) leap, direct the flow of, insert, introduce, let in, let loose, give rein to | |
| immō | (adverb) | rather, more correctly |
| immortālis, immortālis, immortāle | immortal; eternal | |
| impediō, impedīre, impediī/impedīuī, impedītum | entangle; hamper; hinder | |
| impellō, impellere, impulī, impulsum | push or thrust against; impel; urge on | |
| impendeō, impendēre | hang over; impend; threaten | |
| imperātor, imperātōris | (masc) | ruler, commander, general, title of honour conferred on general by troops or senate, the Roman emperor |
| imperītus, imperīta, imperītum | inexperienced (in), unskilled, ignorant (of) | |
| imperium, imperiī | (neut) | command; rule; empire; supreme power |
| imperō, imperāre, imperāuī, imperātum | with dat command, rule (over) | |
| impetrō, impetrāre, impetrāuī, impetrātum | obtain by request, succeed in one's application | |
| impetus, impetūs | (masc) | assault, attack; vigour; violent mental urge |
| impius, impia, impium | irreverent; wicked; impious | |
| implōrō, implōrāre, implōrāuī, implōrātum | ask for, earnestly entreat, appeal to, invoke | |
| importūnus, importūna, importūnum | inconvenient; troublesome | |
| improbitās, improbitātis | (fem) | want of principle, shamelessness |
| improbus, improba, improbum | morally unsound; disloyal; ill-disposed, shameless; excessive; presumptuous | |
| impudēns, impudentis | shameless, impudent | |
| impudīcus, impudīca, impudīcum | unchaste, flouting the accepted sexual code | |
| impūnītus, impūnīta, impūnītum | unpunished | |
| impūrus, impūra, impūrum | unclean, filthy, foul; impure; morally foul | |
| in | (preposition with acc/abl) | (with accusative) to; into; against; for; towards; until; in diēs day by day, every day; (with ablative) at; in; on; within; among |
| inānis, inānis, ināne | empty, hollow, wasted, deserted, unmanned, bare, poor, insubstantial, thin, empty-headed, false, illusory, unfulfilled, insignificant, unjustified, futile | |
| incendium, incendiī | (neut) | fire, conflagration; passion; fiery heat |
| inceptum, inceptī | (neut) | beginning, undertaking |
| incidō, incidere, incidī, incāsum | fall (into); meet (with); arise, occur | |
| inclūdō, inclūdere, inclūsī, inclūsum | shut in or up; enclose | |
| incolumis, incolumis, incolume | unharmed, safe, in good health, still living, undamaged in wealth/power/position, intact | |
| incrēdibilis, incrēdibilis, incrēdibile | incredible, unbelievable | |
| increpō, increpāre, increpuī, increpitum | make a sharp loud noise, rattle, clash, chide, reprove, protest at, remark indignantly | |
| indemnātus, indemnāta, indemnātum | uncondemned | |
| indīcō, indīcere, indīxī, indictum | declare publicly; inflict (on) by one's pronouncement | |
| indūcō, indūcere, indūxī, inductum | lead or conduct into; bring in; introduce; put on; persuade;exhibit | |
| industria, industriae | (fem) | diligence, purposefulness |
| ineō, inīre, iniī/inīuī, initum | enter, take part in, commence, embark on, rationem ineo = calculate | |
| iners, inertis | unskilful; sluggish; unadventurous; feeble | |
| inertia, inertiae | (fem) | unskilfulness; idleness, sloth |
| īnfāmis, īnfāmis, īnfāme | disreputable, infamous | |
| īnferī, īnferōrum | (masc pl) | the dead |
| īnferō, īnferre, intulī, illātum/inlātum | bring into or upon; introduce; bring forward (with hostile intention); produce, cause; direct; inflict; bury | |
| īnfestus, īnfesta, īnfestum | hostile; dangerous; disturbed | |
| īnfitiātor, īnfitiātōris | (masc) | debtor, shirker, one who denies a debt of trust |
| īnfitior, īnfitiārī, īnfitiātus sum | deny, disown | |
| īnflammō, īnflammāre, īnflammāuī, īnflammātum | set on fire, kindle; excite; inflame | |
| ingēns, ingentis | huge, very great in number/degree/intensity, powerful, outstanding, proud, heroic | |
| ingrauēscō, ingrauēscere | grow heavy; increase in force or intensity | |
| ingredior, ingredī, ingressus sum | step or go into, enter; begin; walk | |
| inimīcitia, inimīcitiae | (fem) | unfriendly relations, hostility, ill will |
| inimīcus, inimīcī | (masc) | enemy, foe |
| inīquitās, inīquitātis | (fem) | inequality; unfairness; unevenness of terrain |
| inīquus, inīqua, inīquum | unequal, uneven; disadvantageous; unjust; unkind; hostile | |
| initiō, initiāre, initiāuī, initiātum | initiate (into); admit (to) with introductory rites | |
| iniūria, iniūriae | (fem) | wrong, injury; abuse, insult; offence; sexual assault |
| illecebra, illecebrae | (fem) | allurement, enticement |
| illūstrō, illūstrāre, illūstrāuī, illūstrātum | illuminate; make famous or illustrious; make clear | |
| innocēns, innocentis | blameless, innocent, upright, virtuous, harmless | |
| inopia, inopiae | (fem) | want, scarcity; destitution, dearth |
| inquam | I say; inquit he/she says; inquiunt they say | |
| irrētiō, irrētīre, irrētiī/irrētīuī, irrētītum | entangle; catch in a net | |
| īnscrībō, īnscrībere, īnscrīpsī, īnscrīptum | write in or on, inscribe; brand; record as | |
| īnsidiae, īnsidiārum | (fem) | ambush, trap, plot |
| īnsidiātor, īnsidiātōris | (masc) | one who lies in wait (to attack, rob, etc.) |
| īnsidior, īnsidiārī, īnsidiātus sum | lie in wait, lie in ambush, make a treacherous attack (on), plot (against), set a trap for, be on the look-out | |
| īnsidiōsus, īnsidiōsa, īnsidiōsum | deceitful; insidious; hazardous | |
| īnsolēns, īnsolentis | unaccustomed (to), arrogant; insolent; excessive | |
| īnspērātus, īnspērāta, īnspērātum | unhoped for, unexpected; unforeseen | |
| īnstō, īnstāre, īnstitī | press on with, take up a stand, press on the tracks of, loom, threaten, be upon one, be urgent | |
| īnstrūmentum, īnstrūmentī | (neut) | equipment, tools; an item of such equipment; means |
| īnstruō, īnstruere, īnstrūxī, īnstrūctum | build, construct, draw up (troops), arrange, organise, prepare, equip, furnish, instruct, provide with information | |
| intellegō, intellegere, intellēxī, intellēctum | understand, realize, deduce, recognise, appreciate, understand the meaning of (languages), exercise powers of understanding | |
| intendō, intendere, intendī, intentum/intēnsum | stretch, spread out, strain, exert, strengthen, stretch out (one's hand), direct (the eyes, sight etc.), aim, direct (one's mind), apply oneself, bring a charge | |
| inter | (preposition with accusative) | between, among; during |
| intercēdō, intercēdere, intercessī, intercessum | intervene, (of friendship) exist between, be present among, obstruct, hinder, interpose a veto | |
| intereō, interīre, interiī, interitum | perish, die; be ruined; cease | |
| interficiō, interficere, interfēcī, interfectum | kill; destroy | |
| interitus, interitūs | (masc) | violent or untimely death; extinction; dissolution |
| interrogō, interrogāre, interrogāuī, interrogātum | ask, examine, ask (a senator for his opinion), arraign, indict, consult | |
| intersum, interesse, interfuī | be or lie between, be in the midst; be present; take part in; be different; interest it matters; it is of advantage | |
| intestīnus, intestīna, intestīnum | internal; domestic, civil | |
| intimus, intima, intimum | inmost, the inmost part of, deepest, most private, most profound, closest (friend) | |
| intrā | (adverb) | within; within the space of; under, fewer than |
| intrā | (preposition with abl) | within, inside, on this side of, short of, confined to |
| intus | (adverb) | within, at home, within the city/town, inwards, privately |
| inueniō, inuenīre, inuēnī, inuentum | invent; contrive; find; discover; manage to get | |
| inuictus, inuicta, inuictum | unconquered; invincible | |
| inuidia, inuidiae | (fem) | envy, jealousy; spite; dislike |
| inuidiōsus, inuidiōsa, inuidiōsum | arousing hatred, odium or envy; envious | |
| inuītō, inuītāre, inuītāuī, inuītātum | invite; entertain; allure, entice; incite | |
| inūrō, inūrere, inussī, inustum | burn in (with a hot iron); brand (on or with) | |
| ipse, ipsa, ipsum | he, she, it; self, very, identical | |
| is, ea, id | he, she, it; this, that | |
| iste, ista, istud | this or that of yours; that which you refer to; the well-known | |
| istō | (adverb) | to the place where you are; to the point you have reached |
| ita | (adverb) | so, thus; even so; yes |
| Ītalia, Ītaliae | (fem) | Italy |
| itaque | (adverbconjunction) | and so; therefore, consequently |
| iter, itineris | (neut) | journey; march; route; road, foot-way |
| iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussum | order, command; decree | |
| iūcundus, iūcunda, iūcundum | pleasant, agreeable; delightful | |
| iūdicium, iūdiciī | (neut) | legal proceedings, action, trial, jurisdiction, judgement, verdict, decision, determination, conviction, belief, view, opinion, esteem, taste, discretion |
| iūdicō, iūdicāre, iūdicāuī, iūdicātum | judge, adjudge, sentence, condemn, pass judgement, pronounce guilty, decree, decide upon, make up one's mind, estimate, appraise, assess the validity of an argument, consider (that), express an opinion about | |
| iungō, iungere, iūnxī, iūnctum | yoke, harness; join; clasp (hands); unite | |
| Iuppiter, Iovis | (masc) | Jupiter |
| iūre | (adverb) | justly, rightly; deservedly |
| iūs, iūris | (neut) | law; right; authority; court of justice |
| iussus, iussūs | (masc) | (only in ablative iussū) by order of |
| iūstus, iūsta, iūstum | just, equitable; lawful; legitimate; well grounded; proper; right; regular; impartial | |
| iuuentūs, iuuentūtis | (fem) | youth |
| Kal. | (indeclinable noun) | Kalends |
| Kalendae, Kalendārum | (fem) | the first day of the month |
| labefactō, labefactāre, labefactāuī, labefactātum | shake; cause to waver; make unsteady, loosen; undermine | |
| labor, labōris | (masc) | labour, toil, exertion; hardship, distress |
| Laeca, Laecae | (masc) | Laeca |
| laetitia, laetitiae | (fem) | joy, gladness, pleasure, delight, fertility |
| laetor, laetārī, laetātus sum | rejoice, be joyful | |
| languidus, languida, languidum | languid, faint, weak; ill; sluggish; inert | |
| lateō, latēre, latuī | lie hid, lurk; escape notice | |
| latrōcinium, latrōciniī | (neut) | robbery with violence; bandit raid; pillage; band of robbers |
| latrōcinor, latrōcinārī, latrōcinātus sum | engage in brigandage or piracy | |
| latrō, latrōnis | (masc) | robber, bandit, mercenary |
| latus, lateris | (neut) | side; flank |
| laus, laudis | (fem) | praise; glory; excellence; merit |
| lectica, lecticae | (fem) | litter (for bearing persons upon) |
| lectulum, lectuli | diminutive of lectus, lecti; small bed, charming bed | |
| lectus, lecta, lectum | chosen, selected, picked; choice, excellent | |
| legiō, legiōnis | (fem) | legion, army, army of supporters |
| lēnis, lēnis, lēne | smooth, soft, mild, gentle, easy, calm | |
| lēnitās, lēnitātis | (fem) | slowness; gentleness, mildness |
| lentus, lenta, lentum | pliant; tough; clinging; slow; lazy; calm; procrastinating; sluggish | |
| lepidus, lepida, lepidum | agreeable, charming, delightful, amusing; witty | |
| Lepidus, Lepidī | (masc) | Lepidus |
| leuis, leuis, leue | light; nimble; trivial, trifling; gentle; capricious; fickle, inconstant | |
| leuō, leuāre, leuāuī, leuātum | lift; support; relieve, lessen; free from | |
| lēx, lēgis | (fem) | law; rule; principle; condition |
| līberī, līberōrum | (masc) | children |
| līber, lībera, līberum | free; unimpeded; licentious; frank, outspoken | |
| līberō, līberāre, līberāuī, līberātum | release, free; acquit; absolve | |
| libīdō, libīdinis | (fem) | desire, longing, one's will/pleasure, lust |
| licet, licēre, licuit, licitum est | it is lawful, permitted, or allowed; one may or can | |
| locuplēs, locuplētis | rich, well-to-do; rich (in) | |
| locus, locī | (masc) | (plural locī and loca) place, location; rank; passage (in a book); subject of debate or discussion |
| longē | (adverb) | far off; far; a great while; very much; by a large margin |
| longinquus, longinqua, longinquum | remote, distant, long-lasting | |
| loquor, loquī, locūtus sum | speak, talk, say; mention | |
| lūdus, lūdī | (masc) | play, game, pastime; sport, entertainment, fun; school, elementary school |
| lūgeō, lūgēre, lūxī, lūctum | mourn, lament; be in mourning | |
| lūx, lūcis | (fem) | light (of the sun, stars, etc.); daylight, day; splendour; eyesight |
| luxuria, luxuriae | (fem) | luxury, extravagance, rankness, thriving condition |
| māchinor, māchinārī, māchinātus sum | devise; plot | |
| mactō, mactāre, mactāuī, mactātum | endow, honour, afflict, punish, sacrifice, kill | |
| Maelius, Maeliī | (masc) | Maelius |
| maeror, maerōris | (masc) | sadness, grief, mourning |
| magis | (adverb) | more, rather |
| magistrātus, magistrātūs | (masc) | office of magistrate, magistrate |
| magnificus, magnifica, magnificum | noble, eminent, stately; sumptuous, magnificent, boastful | |
| magnus, magna, magnum | big, large, great | |
| māiōrēs, māiōrum | (masc) | ancestors |
| māior, māior, māius | greater; older | |
| male | (adverb) | badly, ill, wickedly, unfortunately; amiss |
| malleolus, malleolī | (masc) | fire-dart |
| mālō, mālle, māluī | wish or choose rather, prefer | |
| malum, malī | (neut) | evil, calamity, misfortune |
| mandō, mandāre, mandāuī, mandātum | commit to one's charge, commission; command; entrust (to) | |
| māne | (adverb) | in the morning; early next day |
| maneō, manēre, mansī, mansum | remain, be left, stay, lodge, wait for, continue to be, persist, abide by, endure | |
| manicātus, manicāta, manicātum | with long sleeves | |
| manifestus, manifesta, manifestum | clear, evident; plainly guilty; flagrant | |
| Manliānus, Manliāna, Manliānum | of Manlius | |
| Manlius, Manliī | (masc) | Manlius |
| manus, manūs | (fem) | hand; fist; handwriting; band of soldiers; company |
| Marcellus, Marcellī | (masc) | Marcellus |
| mare, maris | (neut) | sea; sea-water |
| marītus, marītī | (masc) | husband; mate |
| Marius, Mariī | (masc) | Marius |
| Massilia, Massiliae | (fem) | Massilia (Marseille) |
| Massiliensis, Massiliense | Massilian, of Marseille | |
| mātūritās, mātūritātis | (fem) | ripeness |
| mātūrō, mātūrāre, mātūrāuī, mātūrātum | make ripe; hasten; make haste to | |
| mātūrus, mātūra, mātūrum | ripe; mellow; mature; seasonable, timely; early; speedy | |
| maximus, maxima, maximum | greatest, etc. (superlative of magnus) | |
| medicīna, medicīnae | (fem) | medical art; medicine; treatment, remedy |
| mediocris, mediocris, mediocre | (adverb (from adjective)) | moderate, medium, trivial, minor, middling, fair, ordinary, average, undistinguished |
| meditor, meditārī, meditātus sum | think about, ponder; intend; reflect, consider | |
| mehercule | (interjection) | by Hercules! assuredly (oath or asseveration) |
| melior, melior, melius | better (comparative of bonus) | |
| meminī, meminisse | I remember, recollect, think of, am mindful of, bear in mind | |
| memoria, memoriae | (fem) | memory; recollection; time within remembrance; history |
| mēns, mentis | (fem) | mind, intellect, reason, design, intention, attitude, inclination, composure |
| mentum, mentī | (neut) | chin |
| mereō, merēre, meruī, meritum | (also deponent mereor) earn, get; deserve; be rewarded | |
| Metellus, Metellī | (masc) | Metellus |
| metuō, metuere, metuī, metūtum | be afraid of; be afraid to; fear | |
| metus, metūs | (masc) | fear; anxiety; awe; object of dread |
| meus, mea, meum | my, mine | |
| mīles, mīlitis | (masc) | soldier, soldier of the rank and file (opp. commander) |
| mīlitāris, mīlitāris, mīlitāre | connected with the army, military, belonging to a soldier, soldierly | |
| minae, minārum | (fem) | threats, menaces, warning signs |
| minimus, minima, minimum | smallest, least, shortest, lowest, least important, humblest | |
| minitor, minitārī, minitātus sum | threaten, constitute a danger, hold out as a threat | |
| minor, minor, minus | smaller, lesser, younger, etc. (comparative of paruus) | |
| Minucius, Minuciī | (masc) | Minucius |
| minus | (adverb) | less; not so well; not quite |
| misceō, miscēre, miscuī, mixtum/mistum | mix, mingle; embroil; confound; stir up | |
| misericordia, misericordiae | (fem) | pity, compassion; pathos |
| misericors, misericordis | merciful, tender-hearted | |
| miser, misera, miserum | wretched, unfortunate, miserable; distressing | |
| mittō, mittere, mīsī, missum | send; cast, hurl; throw away; dismiss; disregard, say nothing of; subject (to) | |
| modo | (adverb) | only; just now; provided that; if only; modo ... modo at one time ... at another |
| modus, modī | (masc) | measure; size; rhythm; metre; mode; manner; bound, limit; end; moderation |
| moenia, moenium | (neut) | town walls, fortified town |
| mōlēs, mōlis | (fem) | huge, heavy mass, lump; monster; massive structure; danger; trouble; effort; vast undertaking |
| molestus, molesta, molestum | troublesome, tiresome | |
| mōlior, mōlīrī, mōlītus sum | labour to bring about; strive; toil for, perform with effort | |
| mollis, mollis, molle | soft, tender, mild; mellow; pleasant; weak; effeminate; impressionable; sensitive | |
| moneō, monēre, monuī, monitum | warn; advise; presage | |
| mōnstrum, mōnstrī | (neut) | unnatural thing or event regarded as on omen, portent, sign; monstrous thing; monster; atrocity |
| mora, morae | (fem) | delay; hindrance, obstacle |
| morbus, morbī | (masc) | sickness, disease, illness, distress; weakness, vice |
| morior, morī, mortuus sum | die; fail; decay | |
| mors, mortis | (fem) | death; corpse; annihilation |
| mortuus, mortua, mortuum | dead, deceased | |
| mōs, mōris | (masc) | custom, usage; manner; style; civilization; law; mōrēs (plural) character; behaviour; morals |
| mōtus, mōtūs | (masc) | motion, movement, manoeuvre, disturbance, civil disturbance, passion, emotion |
| moueō, mouēre, mōuī, mōtum | move, agitate, wield, strike (a musical instrument), (refl. or pass.) proceed, disturb, throw into turmoil, rouse, provoke, cause a change of attitude, soften, touch, annoy, undertake, bring forward in discussion | |
| mucrō, mucrōnis | (masc) | sharp point; sword |
| muliercula, mulierculae | (fem) | (little, weak, foolish, etc.) woman |
| mulier, mulieris | (fem) | woman; wife, mistress |
| multitūdō, multitūdinis | (fem) | great number, multi-tude; crowd; mob |
| multō | (adverb) | much, by far; long (before or after) |
| multō, multāre, multāuī, multātum | punish; fine | |
| multus, multa, multum | much, great; many a; large, intense; assiduous; tedious | |
| mūniceps, mūnicipis | (masc) | citizen of a municipium; native of the same municipium |
| mūnicipium, mūnicipiī | (neut) | town subject to Rome, but governed by its own laws; free town |
| mūniō, mūnīre, mūniī/mūnīuī, mūnītum | fortify; build (a road); defend; safeguard | |
| mūnītus, mūnīta, mūnītum | fortified, secure, protected | |
| mūrus, mūrī | (masc) | wall; city wall |
| mūtō, mūtāre, mūtāuī, mūtātum | alter, change; exchange; shift; substitute (for) | |
| nam | (conjunction) | for |
| nancīscor, nancīscī, nactus/nānctus sum | get, obtain, receive; meet with | |
| nāscor, nāscī, nātus sum | be born; proceed (from), rise; grow | |
| nātiō, nātiōnis | (fem) | people, race, nation, class of people, set, nationality |
| nātūra, nātūrae | (fem) | nature; character; inherent quality and characteristics of a person or thing |
| naufragus, naufraga, naufragum | shipwrecked; causing shipwreck; ruined | |
| nē | (adverb) | lest, to prevent, to avoid |
| nē | (conjunction) | lest, to prevent, to avoid |
| nec | (adverb/conjunction) | neither; nor; and not; nec nōn and also; nec ... nec neither ... nor |
| necessārius, necessāriī | (masc) | close friend/relative |
| necesse | (adverb) | essential; inevitable |
| necne | (adverb/conjunction) | or not |
| nefārius, nefāria, nefārium | offensive, unspeakably atrocious, wicked | |
| neglegō, neglegere, neglēxī, neglēctum | not to heed, neglect; overlook; do without | |
| negō, negāre, negāuī, negātum | say (that...not), deny, deny the existence of, say no, refuse, decline | |
| negōtium, negōtiī | (neut) | work, business, difficulty, pains, trouble, job, employment, public engagement, (in pl.) interests, lawsuit, situation, matter, concern |
| nepōs, nepōtis | (masc) | grandson; descendant; spendthrift, playboy; nepōtēs (plural) descendants |
| neque | (adverb/conjunction) | neither; nor; and not; neque nōn and also; neque ... neque neither ... nor |
| nēquior, nēquior, nēquius | (comparative of nēquam) worthless, good for nothing | |
| nēquitia, nēquitiae | (fem) | (moral) badness, vice; villainy; naughtiness |
| nesciō, nescīre, nesciī/nescīuī, nescītum | not to know; be unfamiliar with | |
| nex, necis | (fem) | death, murder |
| nihil | nothing | |
| nihil | (neut indec) | nothing |
| nimis | (adverb) | too much, very, exceedingly |
| nimium | (adverb) | too much, too, very much |
| nisi | (conjunction) | if not; unless |
| niteō, nitēre, nituī | shine, glitter; be sleek and plump | |
| nitidus, nitida, nitidum | shining, glittering, bright; polished; spruce; sleek | |
| nix, niuis | (fem) | snow; white hair |
| nōbilis, nōbilis | (masc) | nobleman |
| nōbilis, nōbilis, nōbile | famous, celebrated; high-born; superior | |
| nocturnus, nocturna, nocturnum | nocturnal; under conditions of night | |
| nōmen, nōminis | (neut) | name; family; celebrity |
| nōminō, nōmināre, nōmināuī, nōminātum | name; nominate; accuse, speak concerning | |
| nōn | (adverb) | not |
| nōndum | (adverb) | not yet |
| nōnne | (adverb) | is it not the case that...? |
| nōs | we | |
| noster, nostra, nostrum | our, our own, ours; one of us, our friend; favourable to us; dear, good | |
| nota, notae | (fem) | mark, sign; letter; word; writing; spot; brand, tattoo-mark |
| Nouember, Nouembris | (masc) | November |
| nouus, noua, nouum | new; young, recent; nouus homō first in one's family to attain the consulate; therefore sometimes used in a derogatory sense: 'noveau riche', 'parvenu'. | |
| nox, noctis | (fem) | night; darkness; blindness |
| nūdus, nūda, nūdum | naked, bare; destitute; unarmed | |
| nūllus, nūlla, nūllum | not any, no | |
| num | (adverb) | (in direct questions when the answer no is expected), whether (in indirect questions) |
| nūmen, nūminis | (neut) | nod; bias; divine will; divine presence; deity, god |
| numerus, numerī | (masc) | number; rhythm; measure; poetic metre; musical interval |
| numquam | (adverb) | at no time, never; not in any circumstances |
| nunc | (adverb) | now, at present; nunc ... nunc one time ... another time |
| nūper | (adverb) | recently, in our own time |
| nūptiae, nūptiārum | (fem) | marriage |
| ō | (interjection) | oh! ō (sī) if only |
| ob | (preposition with accusative) | for; by reason of |
| obeō, obīre, obiī/obīuī, obitum | meet with; visit; review; enclose; accept; die; set | |
| obligō, obligāre, obligāuī, obligātum | bind or tie around; swathe, render liable; place under a moral obligation; bind (by oath, etc.) | |
| oblīuīscor, oblīuīscī, oblītus sum | forget | |
| obscūrō, obscūrāre, obscūrāuī, obscūrātum | darken, obscure; conceal; make indistinct; cause to be forgotten | |
| obscūrus, obscūra, obscūrum | dim, dark, obscure, shadowy, hidden, imperceptible, insignificant, uncertain, secretive | |
| obsideō, obsidēre, obsēdī, obsessum | besiege, blockade; frequent; surround; occupy; throng | |
| obstō, obstāre, obstitī, obstātum | with dat stand in the way of; block the path of; withstand; hinder | |
| obstupefaciō, obstupefacere, obstupefēcī, obstupefactum | strike dumb with any powerful emotion, daze; paralyse | |
| obtemperō, obtemperāre, obtemperāuī, obtemperātum | (with dative) comply with, obey | |
| occīdō, occīdere, occīdī, occīsum | kill, slay | |
| occultus, occulta, occultum | hidden, concealed | |
| occupō, occupāre, occupāuī, occupātum | occupy; seize; reach (a destination); engross | |
| oculus, oculī | (masc) | eye; eyesight; bud |
| ōdī, ōdisse | hate; dislike | |
| odium, odiī | (neut) | hatred, spite; unpopularity |
| offēnsus, offēnsūs | (masc) | collision, knock |
| ōmen, ōminis | (neut) | omen, augury |
| omittō, omittere, omīsī, omissum | let go; lay aside; give up; neglect; disregard; cease | |
| omnis, omnis, omne | all, every | |
| Opimius, Opimiī | (masc) | Opimius |
| opīnor, opīnārī, opīnātus sum | hold as an opinion, think, believe | |
| oportet, oportēre, oportuit | it is necessary or proper (that); it is inevitable that | |
| oppōnō, oppōnere, opposuī, oppositum | place over/against, put in the way, put in front as a screen, station troops against, use (threats, fears) as a weapon, set in opposition, object, plead in justification, pledge | |
| opprimō, opprimere, oppressī, oppressum | press on/against, squeeze, suffocate, conceal, overwhelm, overpower, crush, ruin, suppress, catch unawares | |
| optimās, optimātis | (masc) | aristocrat; (pl) the best class of citizens |
| optimus, optima, optimum | best | |
| optō, optāre, optāuī, optātum | desire, pray for, choose | |
| opus, operis | (neut) | work, effort; structure; (plural) siege-works |
| ōrātiō, ōrātiōnis | (fem) | the faculty of speech, conversation, language, dialect, literary style, statement, treatise, formal address, speech, oratory |
| orbis, orbis | (masc) | disc, circle; orb; ring; wheel; circuit; the world; orbis terrārum or orbis terrae the world |
| ōrdō, ōrdinis | (masc) | row, regular series; order; class of citizens; arrangement; method; degree; rank |
| ōrnāmentum, ōrnāmentī | (neut) | equipment; ornament, decoration; (mark of) distinction |
| ōrnātus, ōrnātūs | (masc) | military equipment; armour; costume, garb, get-up; adornment |
| ōrō, ōrāre, ōrāuī, ōrātum | plead; pray (to); beseech, supplicate | |
| ōs, ōris | (neut) | mouth; speech; face; assurance |
| ostendō, ostendere, ostendī, ostēnsum/ostentum | show, put on show, reveal, (refl.) appear, point out, make clear, demonstrate | |
| ostentō, ostentāre, ostentāuī, ostentātum | exhibit, display, parade, demonstrate, (refl.) show off, point out, disclose, hold out the prospect of | |
| ōtiōsus, ōtiōsa, ōtiōsum | at leisure, unoccupied; free from public affairs; quiet; free, unemployed; undisturbed (by); superfluous; useless | |
| ōtium, ōtiī | (neut) | leisure, spare time, retirement, peaceful relations (with another country), security, inactivity, idleness |
| pācō, pācāre, pācāuī, pācātum | impose a settlement on; bring under control | |
| pactum, pactī | (neut) | agreement, compact; manner, way; quō pactō?by what arrangement, how? |
| paene | (adverb) | nearly, almost, practically |
| palam | (adverb) | in the presence of |
| pāla, pālae | (fem) | spade |
| Palātium, Palātiī | (neut) | the Palatine Hill |
| parēns, parentis | (masc/fem) | parent, ancestor, mother-city, inventor, source |
| pāreō, pārēre, pāruī | be visible; (with dative) obey; comply with; be subject to; submit to | |
| pariēs, parietis | (masc) | wall (of a house) |
| pariō, parere, peperī, paritum/partum | bring forth, bear; produce, create; procure, get | |
| parō, parāre, parāuī, parātum | get ready, prepare, furnish, provide; intend; plan; obtain; buy | |
| parricīda, parricīdae | (masc/fem) | parricide (murderer); murderer of a near relative; traitor |
| parricīdium, parricīdiī | (neut) | parricide (murder); murder of a near relation, treason, rebellion |
| pars, partis | (fem) | part, piece, portion, share; function, office; party, side, faction; pars...pars some...others; partēs, partium (plural) party; faction |
| particeps, participis | (masc/fem) | participant, sharer |
| partim | (adverb) | partly, in part |
| parum | (adverb) | too little, 'encore' |
| paruus, parua, paruum | small, short, little, young, insignificant, unimportant, cheap | |
| patefaciō, patefacere, patefēcī, patefactum | reveal, expose, open, make available | |
| pateō, patēre, patuī | be open, lie open; be exposed to; stretch out, extend | |
| pater, patris | (masc) | father; pater familiās head of a family; patrēs, patrēs cōnscrīptī (plural) senators |
| patiēns, patientis | patient; capable of enduring | |
| patientia, patientiae | (fem) | endurance, tolerance, patience, submissiveness |
| patior, patī, passus sum | bear, endure; suffer; allow | |
| patria, patriae | (fem) | fatherland, native country; home, source |
| patricius, patricia, patricium | patrician, noble | |
| patrimōnium, patrimōniī | (neut) | private possessions, estate, fortune |
| patrius, patria, patrium | belonging to a father, paternal; hereditary; of one's native land | |
| paucus, pauca, paucum | small, little, (in pl.) few | |
| paulīsper | (adverb) | for a little while, for a short time |
| paulō | (adverb) | by a little; somewhat |
| paulum | (adverb) | a little, somewhat, slightly, for a short distance/while |
| pectō, pectere, pexī, pexum/pectitum | comb, card (wool, etc.) | |
| pecūnia, pecūniae | (fem) | property, wealth; money |
| pecus, pecudis | (fem) | farm animal; animal; sheep |
| penitus | (adverb) | inwardly; deep, deeply, far within; utterly, completely |
| per | (preposition with accusative) | through, throughout, all over; during; by (means of); for the sake of; (in compounds) thoroughly, very; by (in oaths, etc.) |
| percellō, percellere, perculī, perculsum | knock down, strike down, overpower, afflict, dismay, strike (with fear etc.) | |
| percipiō, percipere, percēpī, perceptum | take possession of; perceive, take in | |
| perditus, perdita, perditum | ruined, lost, desperate, abandoned, morally depraved | |
| perdō, perdere, perdidī, perditum | lose; destroy; ruin; waste; spoil, impair | |
| pereō, perīre, periī/perīuī, peritum | be destroyed, perish; disappear, vanish | |
| perferō, perferre, pertulī, perlātum | bear or carry through; finish, complete; convey; report; endure; undergo | |
| perficiō, perficere, perfēcī, perfectum | finish, complete; perform; accomplish | |
| perfringō, perfringere, perfrēgī, perfrāctum | break through; break or dash in pieces; smash | |
| perfruor, perfruī, perfrūctus sum | (with ablative) have full enjoyment of, enjoy | |
| pergō, pergere, perrēxī, perrēctum | advance; continue, proceed, go on | |
| perīclitor, perīclitārī, perīclitātus sum | risk; try, test; be in danger; risk | |
| perīculum, perīculī | (neut) | trial, proof; danger, peril; risk; liability |
| permaneō, permanēre, permānsī, permānsum | continue or persist in staying; persist | |
| permittō, permittere, permīsī, permissum | cause/allow to travel over a distance, let go through, give rein to, cede, commit, entrust, leave to another to decide, defer, grant, allow | |
| modestus, modesta, modestum | modest, moderate | |
| permoueō, permouēre, permōuī, permōtum | move violently, agitate, influence, excite, arouse | |
| permultus, permulta, permultum | very much, very many | |
| perniciēs, perniciēī | (fem) | destruction, fatal injury, ruin, bane |
| perniciōsus, perniciōsa, perniciōsum | destructive, ruinous, fatal | |
| perpetuus, perpetua, perpetuum | uninterrupted; continuous; lasting; invariable | |
| persaepe | (adverb) | very often |
| persequor, persequī, persecūtus sum | follow persistently, accompany throughout a journey, pursue, press hard, harry, seek restitution for, seek out, strive after, trace the course of, explore, go over, persist in | |
| perspiciō, perspicere, perspexī, perspectum | look or see through; look into; look at, examine, inspect; study, investigate | |
| perterreō, perterrēre, perterruī, perterritum | frighten or terrify thoroughly | |
| pertimēscō, pertimēscere, pertimuī | become very scared (of) | |
| pertineō, pertinēre, pertinuī | reach, stretch, be directed at, tend, refer, relate/pertain to, be a concern, be the business (of), be the property (of), come within the scope | |
| perturbō, perturbāre, perturbāuī, perturbātum | disorder, confuse; disturb; frighten | |
| perueniō, peruenīre, peruēnī, peruentum | come through to, arrive at, reach | |
| pestis, pestis | (fem) | plague, pestilence; destruction, ruin, death |
| petītiō, petītiōnis | (fem) | attack, thrust; request, petition; candidature; lawsuit |
| petō, petere, petiī/petīuī, petītum | make for; seek; seek after; attack; ask for, desire; be a candidate for | |
| petulantia, petulantiae | (fem) | impudent or boisterous aggressiveness; wantonness, immodesty |
| Picēnus, Picēna, Picēnum | of Picenum (northern Italy) | |
| pietās, pietātis | (fem) | piety; dutifulness; affection, love; loyalty; gratitude |
| placeō, placēre, placuī, placitum | (with dative) be pleasing (to), satisfy; placet it seems good (to); it is resolved or agreed on (by) | |
| plācō, plācāre, plācāuī, plācātum | calm, assuage, placate, appease | |
| plānē | (adverb) | plainly, clearly; utterly, quite |
| plēbs, plēbis/plēbī | (fem) | common people, general population; mob, common herd, masses |
| plūrimus, plūrima, plūrimum | very much or many, (the) most, very long or large or big | |
| poena, poenae | (fem) | punishment, penalty; dare poenās to pay the penalty |
| polliceor, pollicērī, pollicitus sum | promise | |
| pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positum | put, place; lay; station; plant; lay aside; appoint | |
| pontifex, pontificis | (masc) | Roman high priest |
| popīna, popīnae | (fem) | cook-shop, bistro, low-class eating house |
| populus, populī | (masc) | people, nation |
| porta, portae | (fem) | gate; entrance |
| possessiō, possessiōnis | (fem) | possession; estate |
| possum, posse, potuī | be able (to do something); be able, strong | |
| post | (adverb) | behind, after |
| post | (preposition with acc) | behind, after |
| posteā | (adverb) | hereafter, thereafter, afterwards |
| posteritās, posteritātis | (fem) | the future, posterity, immortality |
| postrēmus, postrēma, postrēmum | last; worst | |
| postulō, postulāre, postulāuī, postulātum | ask for, demand, require, request, desire; accuse, prosecute | |
| potēns, potentis | endowed, capable, influential, powerful, mighty, potent, effective | |
| potestās, potestātis | (fem) | power, faculty, ability; authority, dominion, command |
| potior, potior, potius | more powerful; preferable | |
| potior, potīrī, potītus sum | take possession of, get, obtain, acquire, receive; possess; (with genitive) be master of | |
| potius | (adverb) | rather, preferably; more (than) |
| prae | (preposition with ablative) | before, in front of; in comparison with; in the face of, under the pressure of |
| praecipiō, praecipere, praecēpī, praeceptum | take or obtain in advance, anticipate; teach, recommend, order | |
| praeclārus, praeclāra, praeclārum | very bright, brilliant | |
| praedātor, praedātōris | (masc) | plunderer, pillager; hunter |
| praedicō, praedicāre, praedicāuī, praedicātum | proclaim, declare, cite, recommend | |
| praedīcō, praedīcere, praedīxī, praedictum | say or mention beforehand; foretell; warn; recommend | |
| praedium, praediī | (neut) | land, estate |
| praeferō, praeferre, praetulī, praelātum | bear before; place before, prefer; display, reveal; give precedence to | |
| praemittō, praemittere, praemīsī, praemissum | send in advance (of) | |
| Praeneste, Praenestis | (neut) | Praeneste (town in Latium) |
| praesēns, praesentis | present, face to face, resolute, ready, effective, immediate, imminent, easily accessible, (of conditions etc.) actual | |
| praesentia, praesentiae | (fem) | presence; helpful presence |
| praesertim | (adverb) | especially, particularly |
| praesidium, praesidiī | (neut) | help, assistance; defence, protection; convoy, escort; garrison; stronghold |
| praestōlor, praestōlārī, praestōlātus sum | expect; await | |
| praeter | (adverb) | past; except; excepting; along; beyond; unless, save |
| praeter | (preposition with acc) | past, beyond, contrary to, as well as, except |
| praetereā | (adverb) | besides; moreover |
| praetereō, praeterīre, praeteriī/praeterīuī, praeterītum | go by or past; pass by; escape the notice of; neglect; surpass | |
| praetermittō, praetermittere, praetermīsī, praetermissum | let pass; omit, neglect; pass over, make no mention of | |
| praetexta, praetextae | (fem) | toga with a purple border worn by curule magistrates and children |
| praetōrius, praetōria, praetōrium | of/belonging to a commander, of/belonging to a praetor, praetorian, having the status of a praetor or ex-praetor | |
| praetor, praetōris | (masc) | leader, commander, magistrate in Rome (second to consul) |
| precor, precārī, precātus sum | pray to/for, implore, beseech | |
| premō, premere, pressī, pressum | press, crush; oppress; thrust; overpower; afflict; pursue; have intercourse with | |
| prīdem | (adverb) | some time ago, previously |
| prīdiē | (adverb) | on the day before |
| prīmum | (adverb) | first, in the first place, at the beginning; for the first time |
| prīmus, prīma, prīmum | first, foremost; most distinguished | |
| prīnceps, prīncipis | initiator, founder, master, chief man, leading citizen, head, emperor's title | |
| prior, prior, prius | former, previous; in front; better | |
| prīstinus, prīstina, prīstinum | former, antique, ancient | |
| prīuātus, prīuāta, prīuātum | private, one's own, not holding public office, unofficial, peculiar, special | |
| prīuō, prīuāre, prīuāuī, prīuātum | deprive (of); free or release (from) | |
| prō | (interjection) | in front of, in the interests of, on behalf of, for the sake of, on the side of, instead of, in the capacity of, as being of (a particular state etc.), as if, in the same way as, in return for, in proportion to, according to, in relation to, by virtue of, to judge from, with reference to |
| prō | (preposition with abl) | in front of, in the interests of, on behalf of, for the sake of, on the side of, instead of, in the capacity of, as being of (a particular state etc.), as if, in the same way as, in return for, in proportion to, according to, in relation to, by virtue of, to judge from, with reference to |
| probō, probāre, probāuī, probātum | test; recommend; approve of; prove | |
| procul | (adverb) | some way off, apart, far away, at a distant time |
| prōdigium, prōdigiī | (neut) | omen, portent, monster; marvel; monstrous creature |
| proelium, proeliī | (neut) | battle, combat; conflict, dispute |
| profectiō, profectiōnis | (fem) | setting out; departure |
| profectō | (adverb) | without question, undoubtedly, assuredly |
| prōferō, prōferre, prōtulī, prōlātum | carry or bring out, bring forth; extend; prolong; defer; reveal; utter; produce; publish | |
| prōficiō, prōficere, prōfēcī, prōfectum | make headway; advance; help; develop; be successful | |
| proficīscor, proficīscī, profectus sum | set out, depart; proceed, arise or spring from | |
| profiteor, profitērī, professus sum | declare publicly; promise, volunteer; profess (oneself) to be | |
| prōflīgō, prōflīgāre, prōflīgāuī, prōflīgātum | defeat decisively, crush, overwhelm; ruin or destroy utterly | |
| profugiō, profugere, profūgī | flee, run away (from) | |
| profundō, profundere, profūdī, profūsum | empty, pour out, emit, send forth in abundance, publish copiously, give free play to, give freely, lavish | |
| prohibeō, prohibēre, prohibuī, prohibitum | keep off, hold at bay; prevent, restrain; stop, forbid; avert; defend | |
| prōiciō, prōicere, prōiēcī, prōiectum | throw forth or before, fling down or away; expose; expel; renounce | |
| proinde | (adverb) | accordingly, so then; proinde ac just as if |
| propāgō, propāgāre, propāgāuī, propāgātum | propagate; extend, enlarge, increase | |
| prope | (adverb) | near |
| prope | (preposition with acc) | near |
| proprius, propria, proprium | one's own; personal; special; peculiar, proper | |
| propter | (adverb) | close to, because of, on account of, thanks to, by means of, for the sake of |
| propter | (preposition with acc) | close to, because of, on account of, thanks to, by means of, for the sake of |
| prōscrīptiō, prōscrīptiōnis | (fem) | advertisement; proscription |
| prōsequor, prōsequī, prōsecūtus sum | follow up, pursue; accompany | |
| prōspiciō, prōspicere, prōspexī, prōspectum | see in front; foresee; take care (that); see to | |
| prōsternō, prōsternere, prōstrāuī, prōstrātum | throw to the ground, overthrow, prostrate; overthrow, cause the downfall of | |
| prōuideō, prōuidēre, prōuīdī, prōuīsum | see in advance, foresee, consider in advance, provide for/against, take precautions, provide | |
| prōuincia, prōuinciae | (fem) | command, government, administration, province |
| proximus, proxima, proximum | nearest; next; immediately preceding, immediately following; next of kin | |
| prūdēns, prūdentis | foreseeing, aware (of); intelligent, prudent; skilled (in) | |
| prūdentia, prūdentiae | (fem) | practical understanding; intelligence, prudence; practical grasp; foreknowledge |
| pruīna, pruīnae | (fem) | hoar-frost, rime |
| publicē | (adverb) | officially, at the public expense, as a community, in the public interest |
| Publicius, Publiciī | (masc) | Publicius |
| pūblicus, pūblica, pūblicum | public, common | |
| pudīcitia, pudīcitiae | (fem) | chastity, virtue |
| pudor, pudōris | (masc) | shame, shyness, modesty; decency; dishonour |
| puer, puerī | (masc) | boy, son |
| pugnō, pugnāre, pugnāuī, pugnātum | fight; contend, clash | |
| pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum | beautiful, handsome; glorious; illustrious; noble | |
| pūrgō, pūrgāre, pūrgāuī, pūrgātum | clean, clear, rid, purify, apologise, atone for, exonerate, justify | |
| purpura, purpurae | (fem) | purple colour, purple; purple dye; purple-dyed cloth |
| putō, putāre, putāuī, putātum | trim, prune; assess, estimate, regard (as); think, suppose, believe | |
| quā | (adverb) | in which direction; where; by what means, how; in so far as |
| quācumque | (adverb) | wherever |
| quare | (adverb) | (= qua re) why, wherefore, on what account |
| quaerō, quaerere, quaesiī/quaesīuī, quaesītum | look or search for; get, procure; inquire into | |
| quaesō, quaesere | ask (for); pray; please | |
| quaestiō, quaestiōnis | (fem) | examination, interrogation, (judicial) inquiry, standing commission, scientific research, problem, question, issue |
| quālis, quālis, quāle | of what sort, kind or nature, of what kind | |
| quam | (adverb) | in what way; how; how much; than; tam ... quam as ... as |
| quamquam | (conjunction) | although, admittedly, yet |
| quantō | (adverb) | (by) how much |
| quantus, quanta, quantum | how great, as great as | |
| quārtus, quārta, quārtum | fourth | |
| querimōnia, querimōniae | (fem) | complaint; 'difference of opinion' |
| queror, querī, questus sum | complain, grumble, protest at/that | |
| quī | (adverb) | why? by what means? how? |
| quia | (conjunction) | because |
| quīcumque, quaecumque, quodcumque | whoever, whatever, whosoever, whatsoever, everyone who, everything that, all that | |
| quīdam, quaedam, quoddam | a certain | |
| quidem | (adverb) | indeed, certainly, in fact; nē ... quidem not even |
| quiēscō, quiēscere, quiēuī, quiētum | rest, keep quiet; repose in sleep | |
| quiētus, quiēta, quiētum | calm, quiet; peaceful, sleeping; undisturbed | |
| quīn | (conjunction) | that not; (but) that; indeed; why not? nay more |
| quinque | (indeclinable adjective) | five |
| quīntus, quīnta, quīntum | fifth | |
| quī, quae, quod | who, which, that; which? any | |
| Quirītēs, Quirītum | (masc) | citizens of Rome collectively in their peacetime functions |
| quisquam, quicquam | any, any one, anybody, anything | |
| quisque, quaeque, quodque/quicque/quidque | each, every, each single, anyone that | |
| quis, quid | who? which, what? | |
| quisquis, quodquod/quicquid/quidquid | whoever, whatever, everyone who | |
| quō | (adverb) | whither; whither? for what purpose? what for? so that thereby |
| quod | (adverb/conjunction) | that, in that, because; as to the fact that; although; since |
| quodsi | (conjunction) | 'but if' |
| quondam | (adverb) | formerly, once (upon a time), some day, at times |
| quoniam | (adverb) | seeing that, since, because |
| quoque | (adverb) | besides, also, actually |
| quot | (indeclinable adjective) | how many? as many as; every |
| quotiēns | (adverb) | how often?, how often!, whenever |
| quotiēnscumque | (adverb) | as often as |
| raeda, raedae | (fem) | four-wheeled travelling carriage |
| rapīna, rapīnae | (fem) | plunder, booty; the carrying off of a person |
| rapiō, rapere, rapuī, raptum | snatch, tear or drag away; carry off; plunder; ravish | |
| ratiō, ratiōnis | (fem) | account; calculation, computation; sum, number; transaction, business; matter, affair; consideration of; judgement, reason; method, order; system, theory |
| recēns, recentis | newly arrived, recent, modern, fresh | |
| recipiō, recipere, recēpī, receptum | admit, welcome, receive, swallow, acquire, accept, approve, permit, undertake, withdraw to a position of safety, (refl.) retire/retreat, recover, get back | |
| recognōscō, recognōscere, recognōuī, recognitum | recognize; recollect; examine; inspect | |
| recondō, recondere, recondidī, reconditum | shut up; hide, bury, store away; replace; close again | |
| recreō, recreāre, recreāuī, recreātum | make anew, restore; refresh, revive | |
| rēctā | (adverb) | directly, straight |
| redimiō, redimīre, redimiī, redimītum | encircle with a garland; surround | |
| redundō, redundāre, redundāuī, redundātum | flow back; overflow; abound (in) | |
| referō, referre, rettulī, relātum | carry, bring or put back; tell, relate; propose; record; ascribe; repay; answer | |
| rēgius, rēgia, rēgium | kingly, royal; splendid, princely | |
| releuō, releuāre, releuāuī, releuātum | lift, raise; lighten; relieve; alleviate; refresh | |
| relinquō, relinquere, relīquī, relictum | leave behind; leave; disregard | |
| reliquus, reliqua, reliquum | remaining; future; remaining alive | |
| remaneō, remanēre, remānsī | stay behind; remain, continue to be; persist | |
| remoror, remorārī, remorātus sum | wait, linger; delay, hold up, check | |
| repellō, repellere, reppulī, repulsum | drive or push back; reject; repulse | |
| repentīnus, repentīna, repentīnum | sudden, done to meet a sudden contingency | |
| reperiō, reperīre, repperī, repertum | find, find out; discover; invent | |
| reprimō, reprimere, repressī, repressum | hold in check; check, restrain; repress | |
| repudiō, repudiāre, repudiāuī, repudiātum | divorce, repudiate; refuse | |
| resecō, resecāre, resecuī, resectum | cut back, prune; cut at the base | |
| resideō, residēre, resēdī | sit, remain in a place; be left | |
| respondeō, respondēre, respondī, responsum | reply; say (write) in answer; say in refutation; answer a summons to appear | |
| rēs, rēī | (fem) | thing, item; affair, business, matter; fact; ; world, universe, case (in law), suit, point at issue; power; valour; exploit; rēs nouae political changes, revolution; rēs pūblica republic, state |
| reticeō, reticēre, reticuī | keep silent, leave unsaid | |
| retorqueō, retorquēre, retorsī, retortum | twist back; cast back; fling back; turn aside | |
| reuocō, reuocāre, reuocāuī, reuocātum | call back, recall, summon back; restrain; reduce (to); refer (to); revoke | |
| rēx, rēgis | (masc) | king, tyrant, despot; master; leader, head; patron; great man |
| rōbur, rōboris | (neut) | oak-tree, trunk, any hard timber, firmness, strength, vigour, power, might, man-power, bulwark, effectiveness, resolve |
| rōbustus, rōbusta, rōbustum | made of oak; hard, firm, strong, hardy, robust; physically mature | |
| rogō, rogāre, rogāuī, rogātum | ask, question; propose (a law, a magistrate); request, solicit for favours | |
| Romānus, Romāna, Romānum | Roman, typically Roman | |
| Rōma, Rōmae | (fem) | Rome |
| Rōmulus, Rōmulī | (masc) | Romulus |
| ruīna, ruīnae | (fem) | tumbling down, downfall, ruin; ruins; debris, disaster; landslide |
| rūsticus, rūstica, rūsticum | rural, rustic; agricultural; coarse, boorish; crude, clumsy; simple | |
| sacer, sacra, sacrum | holy, sacred; divine | |
| sacrārium, sacrāriī | (neut) | sanctuary, shrine |
| sacrōsānctus, sacrōsāncta, sacrōsānctum | sacrosanct, inviolable | |
| saeculum, saeculī | (neut) | generation, life-time; race; century; indefinitely long period; the times |
| saepe | (comparative adverb) | often, oftentimes, frequently |
| sagāx, sagācis | keen-scented; acute, sharp, perceptive | |
| saltō, saltāre, saltāuī, saltātum | dance, jump; portray or represent in a dance | |
| salūs, salūtis | (fem) | health, well-being, safety; greeting, salutation |
| salūtō, salūtāre, salūtāuī, salūtātum | greet, salute; call to pay one's respects to | |
| saluus, salua, saluum | safe, well, sound, undamaged, intact | |
| sānctus, sāncta, sānctum | sacred, inviolable; venerable; holy; upright, virtuous | |
| sānē | (adverb) | certainly; truly, 'and that's a fact'; admittedly |
| sanguis, sanguinis | (masc) | blood; race, family, consanguinity; life; vigour |
| sānō, sānāre, sānāuī, sānātum | heal, cure, restore to health | |
| sānus, sāna, sānum | healthy; sound in mind, rational | |
| satelles, satellitis | (masc) | attendant, bodyguard, (pl) retinue; accomplice, violent supporter |
| satis | (adverb) | sufficient, enough; adequately, sufficiently; satius better, preferable |
| Sāturnīnus, Sāturnīnī | (masc) | Saturninus |
| saucius, saucia, saucium | wounded; physically distressed, afflicted; pierced; stricken | |
| scaena, scaenae | (fem) | stage of a theatre; background; the drama; sphere in which actions, etc., are on public display |
| scelerō, scelerāre, scelerāuī, scelerātum | defile | |
| scelus, sceleris | (neut) | crime |
| scientia, scientiae | (fem) | knowledge; understanding, expert knowledge |
| scīlicet | (adverb) | one may be sure (that), it is clear (that); naturally; yes, but at the same time; evidently; to be sure, doubtless; I ask you! |
| sciō, scīre, sciī/scīuī, scītum | know; know of | |
| Scīpiō, Scīpiōnis | (masc) | Scipio |
| scortum, scortī | (neut) | harlot, prostitute; male prostitute |
| sē | himself, herself, itself, themselves | |
| sēcēdō, sēcēdere, sēcessī, sēcessum | draw aside, withdraw; retire; secede | |
| sēcernō, sēcernere, sēcrēuī, sēcrētum | separate off; cut off; set aside; treat as distinct | |
| secūris, secūris | (fem) | axe, executioner's axe, authority |
| sed | (conjunction) | but; however; yet; but also; sed enim but in fact; sed etiam but also |
| sēditiō, sēditiōnis | (fem) | violent political discord, faction, mutiny, internal strife |
| sēdō, sēdāre, sēdāuī, sēdātum | settle, allay; restrain; calm down | |
| sēiungō, sēiungere, sēiūnxī, sēiūnctum | separate; exclude | |
| sēmen, sēminis | (neut) | seed; shoot; slip, cutting; parentage, descent; germ, spark |
| sēminārium, sēmināriī | (neut) | nursery, school |
| semper | (adverb) | always |
| senātor, senātōris | (masc) | member of the Senate, senator |
| senātus, senātūs | (masc) | senate, meeting of the senate |
| senex, senis | old man | |
| sēnsus, sēnsūs | (masc) | faculty of feeling, perception, sensation, sense; emotion; idea; epigrammatic notion; meaning |
| sententia, sententiae | (fem) | opinion, intention, purpose, vote, authoritative decision, decree, thought, idea, maxim, epigram, purport, main drift of an author, sentence |
| sentīna, sentīnae | (fem) | bilgewater; scum or dregs of society |
| sentiō, sentīre, sensī, sensum | discern by the senses; feel, hear, see; undergo; perceive, notice; think, deem; vote, declare; intend | |
| sequor, sequī, secūtus sum | follow, come or go after, attend; pursue; aim at; comply (with), conform (to); succeed | |
| sērius | (adverb) | later, too late |
| sermō, sermōnis | (masc) | speech, talk; conversation; gossip; subject of talk; language, dialect |
| serta, sertae | (fem) | garland |
| serta, sertōrum | (fem pl) | chains of flowers, garlands, festoons |
| Seruilius, Seruiliī | (masc) | Servilius |
| seruiō, seruīre, seruiī/seruīuī, seruītum | (with dative) be a slave, serve, wait on; be of use (to); be subject (to); labour for | |
| seruō, seruāre, seruāuī, seruātum | save, preserve; protect; keep, observe; look after; pay attention to | |
| seruus, seruī | (masc) | slave |
| Sestius, Sestiī | (masc) | Sestius |
| seuēritās, seuēritātis | (fem) | gravity, sternness, strictness, severity |
| sex | (indeclinable adjective) | six |
| sī | (conjunction) | if |
| sīc | (adverb) | in this or in such a manner, so, thus; to such an extent |
| sīcārius, sīcāriī | (masc) | assassin, murderer |
| sīca, sīcae | (fem) | dagger |
| sīcut | (adverb) | just as, in the same way as; as it were; just as for instance; just as if; as indeed (is the case) |
| significātiō, significātiōnis | (fem) | giving signs or signals; expression, indication, sign; suggestion, hint |
| signum, signī | (neut) | mark, token, sign; standard, ensign; cohort; signal, password; image, picture, statue; seal, signet; constellation |
| silentium, silentiī | (neut) | stillness, silence; repose, tranquillity; omission to speak or write of; neglect |
| sileō, silēre, siluī | be silent, not to speak (about); be quiet; not to function | |
| siluestris, siluestris, siluestre | covered with woods, wooded; found in woodland; living in woodlands; wild, untamed, savage | |
| similis, similis, simile | like, resembling, similar | |
| simul | (adverb) | together, at the same time, as well |
| sīn | (conjunction) | if however, but if (despite what has been said) |
| sine | (preposition with abl) | without |
| singulī, singulae, singula | one to each recipient; every single; individual; isolated | |
| sinō, sinere, siī/sīuī, situm | let, leave; allow, permit, leave alone, let be; grant | |
| sinus, sinūs | (masc) | curve; fold; hollow; bosom, lap; bay, gulf; pocket for money; asylum; inmost part; hiding-place; embrace |
| sitis, sitis | (fem) | thirst, drought |
| sōbrius, sōbria, sōbrium | sober; staid, sensible, temperate | |
| societās, societātis | (fem) | partnership, trading company, fellowship, affinity |
| socius, sociī | (masc) | companion, comrade, (in pl.) members of a collegium, colleague, business partner, (in pl.) members of a societas, ally |
| sodālis, sodālis | (masc) | companion, comrade, crony |
| soleō, solēre, solitus sum | be accustomed (to), be apt (to), be the common practise | |
| sōlitūdō, sōlitūdinis | (fem) | loneliness, solitariness; desert, waste; emptiness, solitude |
| sōlum | (adverb) | only, merely; nōn sōlum ... sed not only ... but |
| sōlus, sōla, sōlum | alone, sole; solitary; lonely; deserted | |
| solūtus, solūta, solūtum | unbound; free; unrestrained, profligate; free to act as one pleases; lax, careless | |
| somnus, somnī | (masc) | sleep; sloth |
| Sp. | (indeclinable noun) | Spurius |
| spargō, spargere, sparsī, sparsum | strew, scatter; sprinkle; discharge in large numbers, shower; let stream out in all directions; place in scattered positions; spread about | |
| speciēs, speciēī | (fem) | visual appearance; look; sight; outward appearance; semblance; pretence; display, splendour, beauty; vision; image, likeness; species; artistic representation |
| speculor, speculārī, speculātus sum | keep a close watch on, observe, spy out; look out, watch for | |
| spērō, spērāre, spērāuī, spērātum | look forward to, hope for; hope; anticipate | |
| spēs, spēī | (fem) | hope; expectation; object of hope; joy |
| spīritus, spīritūs | (masc) | breath of air, breeze; breath, breathing; soul, mind; life |
| spoliō, spoliāre, spoliāuī, spoliātum | strip or rob of clothing; plunder, rob, despoil | |
| sponte | (adverb) | of one's own accord, freely, voluntarily, spontaneously; by oneself, alone |
| Stator, Statōris | (masc) | the Supporter, the Stayer (epithet of Jupiter) |
| statuō, statuere, statuī, statūtum | place, put up; set up, appoint; determine, resolve (to); decide; judge | |
| status, statūs | (masc) | standing, position; posture; condition, circumstance, state; rank |
| stirps, stirpis | (fem) | stock, stem, stalk; root; plant, shrub; family, ancestral race; offspring, posterity |
| stō, stāre, stetī, statum | stand, stand still or fixed; stand up, stand erect; endure, remain | |
| studeō, studēre, studuī | with dat devote oneself to, concern oneself (with), strive after; concentrate on; support; study | |
| studium, studiī | (neut) | zeal, eagerness (for), study, application; devotion, goodwill, support |
| stultitia, stultitiae | (fem) | stupidity, folly, fatuity |
| stultus, stulta, stultum | foolish, silly; inept | |
| stuprum, stuprī | (neut) | dishonour, shame, illicit sexual intercourse |
| suādeō, suādēre, suāsī, suāsum | advise, recommend, urge; advocate, attempt to persuade | |
| subeō, subīre, subiī/subīuī, subitum | go, move or pass underneath; come up to, approach; undergo, endure; come next; succeed to; steal in on, come over; suggest itself | |
| subferō, subferre, sustulī, sublātum | submit to, undergo, to suffer | |
| subiectō, subiectāre, subiectāuī, subiectātum | throw up from below; apply below | |
| subitō | (adverb) | suddenly, unexpectedly, at short notice, quickly |
| subsellium, subselliī | (neut) | bench, low seat; court, courts |
| subsidium, subsidiī | (neut) | body of troops in reserve; aid; support; safeguard; means of assistance |
| succēdō, succēdere, successī, successum | go below or under; come to the foot (of), come up (to); move on upwards; move up into the position (of); take the place (of); succeed (to) | |
| sufferō, sufferre, sustulī, sublātum | submit to, endure, suffer | |
| Sulla, Sullae | (masc) | Sulla |
| sum, esse, fuī | be, exist, live; happen; remain; be possible or allowable | |
| summus, summa, summum | highest, greatest, very great; chief, principal; the farthest, utmost, last, extreme; very deep | |
| sūmptuōsus, sūmptuōsa, sūmptuōsum | expensive, costly, sumptuous | |
| sūmptus, sūmptūs | (masc) | expense, lavish expenditure; expenses; charge |
| superior, superior, superius | upper, higher, further inland/upstream, preceding, previous, earlier, more exalted, more powerful, stronger | |
| superō, superāre, superāuī, superātum | climb over; overtop; rise to a higher level; get beyond; surpass; be superior; defeat, surmount; survive; be present in excess of one's needs; abound; remain; remain alive; be situated beyond; vanquish | |
| suppeditō, suppeditāre, suppeditāuī, suppeditātum | supply the needs of, supply | |
| supplicium, suppliciī | (neut) | act performed to propitiate a deity; punishment; torment; penalty, punishment |
| suscipiō, suscipere, suscēpī, susceptum | take (up), catch from below; support; receive; take under one's protection; adopt; undertake, perform; venture upon; accept; acknowledge (a new-born child); get or have a child | |
| suspectus, suspectūs | (masc) | looking up; high regard |
| suspiciō, suspicere, suspexī, suspectum | look upwards (to); look up at; esteem, admire; be suspicious of | |
| suspīciō, suspīciōnis | (fem) | suspicion, inkling, faint indication |
| suspicor, suspicārī, suspicātus sum | suspect; have an inkling of; infer | |
| sustineō, sustinēre, sustinuī, sustentum | hold up, support, sustain; stand up to, withstand; shoulder; have the necessary endurance (to); submit (to); endure; hold back | |
| suus, sua, suum | his own, her own, its own, their own; especially dear to him; belonging to him at birth; normal to him; due or allotted to him; convenient for him | |
| tābēscō, tābēscere, tābuī | waste or dwindle away; melt away; decompose | |
| tabula, tabulae | (fem) | board, plank; votive-tablet; writing-tablet; letter, will; panel; picture; game board; tablet of stone or metal set up as a permanent record; (pl) account-books; document; will |
| taceō, tacēre, tacuī, tacitum | be silent; say nothing about | |
| taciturnitās, taciturnitātis | (fem) | maintaining silence |
| taeter, taetra, taetrum | foul, monstrous, vile, horrible | |
| tālāris, tālāris, tālāre | reaching down to the ankles | |
| tālis, tālis, tāle | such, of such a kind; such (a) | |
| tam | (adverb) | so; so much (as) |
| tamen | (conjunction) | nevertheless, all the same; yet; tamen etsī even though |
| tametsī | (conjunction) | even though |
| tamquam | (adverb) | just as, just as if, as though, on the ground that |
| tandem | (adverb) | at length, at last, after some time; really, I ask you, after all |
| tantum | (adverb) | so much, to such a degree, so; only, just, merely; tantum nōn all but, almost |
| tantus, tanta, tantum | so great | |
| tēctum, tēctī | (neut) | roof; house, dwelling; (rough or improvised) shelter |
| tēlum, tēlī | (neut) | missile, javelin; sword; (any offensive) weapon; sunbeam, thunderbolt |
| temeritās, temeritātis | (fem) | recklessness, thoughtlessness, impetuosity |
| temperantia, temperantiae | (fem) | moderation, restraint, self-control |
| tempestās, tempestātis | (fem) | period, season, weather, storm, violent disturbance |
| templum, templī | (neut) | temple, shrine; zone, space, region; plank |
| temptō, temptāre, temptāuī, temptātum | handle, feel; attempt, try; prove; test; try out; attack; brave; make an attempt on | |
| tempus, temporis | (neut) | time, season; a sufficiency of time (for a particular purpose); opportunity; season (of the year); condition; (plural) times; temples of the head |
| tenebrae, tenebrārum | (fem) | darkness, obscurity; night; dark corner; ignorance; concealment; gloomy state of affairs |
| teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentum | hold, keep, possess; occupy; retain; hold a position; include; reach in journeying; maintain; detain, hold up; keep in check; bind | |
| tenuis, tenuis, tenue | thin, slender; slight, faint; fine; weak; trivial | |
| terra, terrae | (fem) | earth; land, ground, soil; country; region |
| tertius, tertia, tertium | third | |
| testāmentum, testāmentī | (neut) | will, testament |
| Ti. | (indeclinable noun) | Tiberius |
| timeō, timēre, timuī | fear, be afraid (of); be afraid (to) | |
| timidus, timida, timidum | fearful, timid | |
| timor, timōris | (masc) | fear; object or source of fear |
| toga, togae | (fem) | toga, formal garment of free-born adult Roman men, toga praetexta = toga worn by curule magistrates and children, toga candida = toga worn by candidates |
| togātus, togāta, togātum | dressed in or wearing a toga; having a civilian occupation | |
| tolerō, tolerāre, tolerāuī, tolerātum | bear, endure, tolerate; support; provide food for | |
| tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātum | pick up, raise, take on board, rouse, take on airs, take away, steal, remove (freq. with the implication of killing), eliminate, abolish | |
| Tongilius, Tongiliī | (masc) | Tongilius |
| tot | (indeclinable adjective) | so many, as many |
| totiēns | (adverb) | as/so often |
| tōtus, tōta, tōtum | all, the whole of, entire | |
| trānsferō, trānsferre, trānstulī, trānslātum | carry or bring over; transport; transfer; bring over (to a new course of action) | |
| tribūnal, tribūnālis | (neut) | platform, court of law |
| tribūnus, tribūnī | (masc) | tribune, military tribune |
| trīduum, trīduī | (neut) | space of three days |
| triumphō, triumphāre, triumphāuī, triumphātum | triumph; celebrate a triumph; exult, triumph over | |
| trucīdō, trucīdāre, trucīdāuī, trucīdātum | slaughter, butcher | |
| tū | you (singular) | |
| tuba, tubae | (fem) | trumpet (with a straight tube) |
| Tullus, Tullī | (masc) | Tullus |
| tum | (adverb) | then, at that time, afterwards, besides, in that case, at that moment, thereupon, cum...tum = both...and |
| tumultus, tumultūs | (masc) | uproar, commotion, uprising, panic, alarm, turmoil, agitation (mental) |
| tumulus, tumulī | (masc) | rounded hill, knoll; burial-mound, grave |
| tunica, tunicae | (fem) | tunic |
| turbulentus, turbulenta, turbulentum | violently disturbed, stormy, turbulent; turbid; marked by turmoil or violent unrest; unruly, riotous | |
| turpis, turpis, turpe | (adverb (from adjective)) | ugly; foul; disgraceful, dishonourable, degrading; loathsome; guilty of disgraceful behaviour; indecent, obscene |
| turpitūdō, turpitūdinis | (fem) | dishonour, infamy |
| tūtus, tūta, tūtum | safe, watchful, risk-free, assured | |
| tuus, tua, tuum | your (singular) | |
| tyrannus, tyrannī | (masc) | despot, tyrant; monarch |
| uacillō, uacillāre, uacillāuī, uacillātum | stagger, totter; be in a weak condition | |
| uacuēfaciō, uacuēfacere, uacuēfēcī, uacuēfactum | leave empty, clear | |
| uadimōnium, uadimōniī | (neut) | bail, security, surety |
| uāgīna, uāgīnae | (fem) | scabbard, sheath |
| ualdē | (adverb) | in a high degree, intensely, strongly; exceedingly |
| ualēns, ualentis | strong, stout, vigorous; healthy; powerful; potent, effective | |
| ualeō, ualēre, ualuī, ualītum | be powerful, have strength, be strong enough (to), be fit, be well, be potent, have superior power/resources, be effective, succeed, have influence, have authority, be valid, hold good, be worth, vale! = goodbye! | |
| Valerius, Valeriī | (masc) | Valerius |
| uarius, uaria, uarium | variegated; various; changeable, inconstant; wavering; multifarious; many-sided | |
| uastātiō, uastātiōnis | (fem) | laying waste, ravaging |
| uastitās, uastitātis | (fem) | desolation, devastation, wilderness |
| uastō, uastāre, uastāuī, uastātum | make desolate, plunder, ravage | |
| ubi | (adverb) | where; where? when |
| ubinam | (adverb) | where in the world? |
| uectīgal, uectīgālis | (neut) | revenue derived from public property, tax, private income |
| uehemēns, uehementis | violent, vehement; vigorous, powerful, strong | |
| uel | (conjunction) | or; even; for instance; or rather; even; (with superlatives) quite, altogether; uel ... uel either ... or |
| uēlum, uēlī | (noun) | sail; curtain, awning; a woven cloth; uēla dare to expose one's sails to the wind |
| uēna, uēnae | (fem) | vein, blood-vessel, fissure, river channel |
| uenēficus, uenēficī | (masc) | poisoner |
| uenēnum, uenēnī | (neut) | poison; potent herb used for medical or magical purposes |
| ueneror, uenerārī, uenerātus sum | worship, revere, venerate; honour; supplicate | |
| uenerō, uenerāre, uenerāuī, uenerātum | worship, revere, venerate; honour; supplicate | |
| ueniō, uenīre, uēnī, uentum | come; go; arrive; arise, come to pass; proceed | |
| uerbum, uerbī | (neut) | word; language; discourse |
| uērē | (adverb) | truly, really, indeed; correctly |
| uereor, uerērī, ueritus sum | reverence, show respect for; be afraid of, fear that | |
| uērō | (adverb) | in fact, certainly, to be sure, indeed; moreover; on the other hand; yet |
| uersō, uersāre, uersāuī, uersātum | keep turning round,keep going round, keep turning over; manoeuvre; 'manipulate'; versor come and go frequently; be in operation; be involved (in), concern oneself (in); dwell (upon); pass one's time (in) | |
| uērum | (adverb) | but; but at the same time |
| uērum, uērī | (neut) | truth |
| uērus, uēra, uērum | true, real, genuine; just; right; proper | |
| uespera, uesperae | (fem) | evening |
| uester, uestra, uestrum | your (plural) | |
| uetus, ueteris | aged, old; as he was in previous days; ueterēs, ueterum ancient writers and authorities | |
| uexātiō, uexātiōnis | (fem) | shaking; disturbance, upheaval |
| uexō, uexāre, uexāuī, uexātum | agitate, buffet; harry, ravage; afflict, upset; persecute; disturb | |
| uia, uiae | (fem) | way; road, passage; channel; march, journey; manner, method, means |
| uibrō, uibrāre, uibrāuī, uibrātum | brandish, wave; crimp, corrugate; rock; propel suddenly; flash; dart; glitter | |
| uīcēsimus, uīcēsima, uīcēsimum | twentieth | |
| uīcīnus, uīcīnī | (masc) | neighbour |
| uidēlicet | (adverb) | it is clear (that), evidently, plainly; namely; (expressing irony) of course, no doubt |
| uideō, uidēre, uīdī, uīsum | see; look at,observe, perceive, descry; understand; regard; take care; pay regard to; (in passive) appear, seem; be seen; be deemed or considerd | |
| uigilia, uigiliae | (fem) | wakefulness, lying awake; watch, guard; patrol; watchfulness, vigilance |
| uigilō, uigilāre, uigilāuī, uigilātum | watch; be awake; stay awake; spend time (on a task) by remaining awake; spend (a night, etc.) awake; be watchful or alert | |
| uīlis, uīlis, uīle | cheap; worthless; contemptible; humble, mean, common | |
| uinclum, uinclī | (neut) | bond, chain, something used to restrict movement (e.g. lasso, leash), tie |
| uincō, uincere, uīcī, uictum | conquer, beat, prevail, prevail upon, surpass, outbid | |
| uinculum, uinculī | (neut) | restraint, rope, chain, fetter; band; prison; imprisonment; mooring-rope |
| uindex, uindicis | (masc) | champion, defender; protector; avenger, revenger; one who punishes (an offence) |
| uindicō, uindicāre, uindicāuī, uindicātum | vindicate, lay legal claim to; save, preserve; free; avenge, punish; defend, protect | |
| uīnum, uīnī | (neut) | wine |
| uīrēs, uīrium | (fem) | strength; control; resources, assets; value; meaning |
| uirtūs, uirtūtis | (fem) | manliness, courage, virtue, goodness, potency |
| uir, uirī | (masc) | man; male; husband, lover; a true man; soldier |
| uīs | (fem) | strength, force; power, energy; violence; meaning, significance; nature; efficacy; uīrēs, uirium (plural) strength; power; military strength |
| uīscera, uīscerum | (neut) | internal organs; entrails, flesh, gut, bowels; offspring; innermost part, heart (of), core (of) |
| uīta, uītae | (fem) | life; living, manner of life; the course of a life |
| uitium, uitiī | (neut) | fault, defect, blemish; error; shortcoming |
| uītō, uītāre, uītāuī, uītātum | avoid, dodge, shun | |
| uīuō, uīuere, uīxī, uīctum | live, be alive; really live; live (on); live (by); pass one's life (in); survive | |
| uīuus, uīua, uīuum | alive, living; lively | |
| uix | (adverb) | with difficulty, hardly, scarcely, only just |
| uixdum | (adverb) | scarcely yet, only just |
| ulcīscor, ulcīscī, ultus sum | take revenge on, avenge, exact retribution | |
| ūllus, ūlla, ūllum | any, any one | |
| umquam | (adverb) | at any time, ever; at some time |
| ūnā | (adverb) | at the same time; in one company, together |
| undique | (adverb) | from all parts, from every quarter, on all sides, all around, on every part, everywhere |
| unguentum, unguentī | (neut) | ointment, unguent |
| ūniuersus, ūniuersa, ūniuersum | occurring all at once; the whole of, entire; whole; (pl) all without exception; taken all together | |
| ūnus, ūna, ūnum | one; a, an; only; a single, alone, sole; one and the same; the one and only; a certain; in ūnum so as to form a single mass | |
| uocō, uocāre, uocāuī, uocātum | call; call upon, summon; name; invite; challenge; demand | |
| uolitō, uolitāre, uolitāuī, uolitātum | fly about; flutter, move swiftly through the air; go to and fro | |
| uulnerō, uulnerāre, uulnerāuī, uulnerātum | wound, hurt, distress | |
| uolō, uelle, uoluī | be willing; wish, desire; want; mean, signify; maintain, claim | |
| uultus, uultūs | (masc) | countenance, facial expression; face; looks, features |
| uoluntās, uoluntātis | (fem) | will, wish, choice, desire, inclination; good-will, sympathy; approval |
| uoluptās, uoluptātis | (fem) | delight; pleasure; source of pleasure; sexual intercourse |
| uōs | you (plural) | |
| uōtum, uōtī | (neut) | vow; votive offering; prayer; desire, hope |
| uōx, uōcis | (fem) | voice, sound, word, words; speech; language |
| urbānus, urbāna, urbānum | connected with the city (esp. Rome), urbane, sophisticated, witty | |
| urbs, urbis | (fem) | city, city of Rome |
| usque | (adverb) | continuously, constantly; all along, all the way; all the while, as long or as far as, until; usque ad (with accusative) right up to |
| ut | (adverb/conjunction) | in what manner, how; in the manner that, as; however; such as; inasmuch as, insofar as; how much or greatly; when, as soon as; ut ... ita as well as ... no less; while ... while; (conjunction) so that; in order that; as if; as if it were; namely, namely that; although; as is usual |
| uterque, utraque, utrumque | each of two | |
| utī | (adverb/conjunction) | (old form of ut) in what manner, how; in the manner that, as; inasmuch as, insofar as; how much or greatly; when, as soon as; uti ... ita as well as ... no less; while ... while; (conjunction) so that; in order that; as if; as if it were; namely, namely that |
| ūtilis, ūtilis, ūtile | useful, profitable, convenient, expedient, helpful, valid, effective | |
| utilitas, utilitatis | (fem) | utility, advantage |
| utinam | (adverb) | how I wish that! if only! |
| ūtor, ūtī, ūsus sum | (with ablative) use, make use of, employ; profit by, take advantage of; practise, exercise; experience | |
| uxor, uxōris | (fem) | wife |