Spirit & Life
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•••"The words I have spoken to you are spirit and life"
-- Jesus, John 6:63    

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A Chronicle of Doctrinal Change

Historian and theologian, Rev. Dr. Lawrence White delivered an amazing treatise entitled "Contending for the Faith" last month. Here's a little excerpt:
The role of women in the church is of unique importance among the doctrinal issues currently under debate within the LCMS because on this issue the Synod has formally changed its doctrinal position. In virtually every other area of contention among us, the Synod's official doctrine remains the same while teaching and practice which deviates from or denies that doctrine is widely permitted or encouraged by the powers that be. Such matters are infinitely more difficult to document and demonstrate in the face of constant official assurances that nothing has changed and all is well. On the subject of the role of women in the church, however, such denials are not possible. The historical record is clear. The Synod has changed its doctrinal position.

Dr. White well proves his point in this outstanding paper. The Missouri doctrine has changed.

But beyond this, his case study of the role of women in the church is not an end unto itself in the paper. He details the subtle and not-so-subtle changes in methodology and argumentation employed by churchmen on both sides of the controversy. From a question of simple striving for obedience to God's Word to a quest for institutional dominance, White's stinging indictment brings chickens home to roost in every camp's coop.

Here one beholds a tragic, unwitting twist of priorites: how a struggle to stay faithful to the Word becomes secondary to the struggle to stay institutionally and socially relevant. Even the conservative elements begin to think in terms of 'acceptable losses' of doctrinal integrity in order to obtain and retain political power, position and the public appearance of orthodoxy.

Dr. White prescribes a bitter pill for Missouri to swallow: Admit the doctrine has changed, from one anchored and harbored in the Word of God to one adrift in a Sea of Convention resolutions and nearly deluged by every passing cultural storm.

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We Confess the Courts

Here are several passages from the Book of Concord setting out the Lutheran doctrine of the civil kingdom and a Christian's freedom to make use of the courts in good conscience:

Thus the pope exercises a double tyranny: he defends his errors with violence and murder, and he forbids judicial inquiry. The latter does more harm than any cruel act. For the church has been deprived of valid judicial process, it is not possible to remove ungodly teachings and impious forms of worship, and they destroy countless souls generation upon generation. (“The Power and Primacy of the Pope”, Sect. 51. Kolb and Wengert)

The spiritual kingdom does not change the civil government. Thus private revenge is forbidden not as an evangelical counsel but as a command (Matt. 5:29, Romans 12:19) Public redress through a judge is not forbidden but expressly commanded, and it is a work of God accord to Paul (Rom.13:1) ....lawful civil ordinances are God’s good creatures and divine ordinances in which a Christian may safely take part. (Augsburg Confession, Tappert 222-223)

"It is legitimate for Christians to use civil ordinances just as it is legitimate for them to use the air, light, food, and drink. For as this universe and the fixed movements of the stars are truly ordinances of God and are preserved by God, so lawful governments are ordinances of God and are preserved and defended by God against the devil." (Apology of the Augsburg Confession, Tappert, p. 178)

The following errors of the Anabaptists are clearly refuted in the Formula of Concord. The confessions speak against these positions:

"...that no Christian may with an inviolate conscience use an office of the government against wicked persons as occasion may arise, nor may a subject call upon the government for help." (Solid Declaration, Tappert, p. 634)

"That as occasion arises no Christian, without violating his conscience, may use an office of the government against wicked people, and that subjects may not call upon the government to use the power that it possesses and that it has received from God for their protection and defense." (Epitome, Tappert, p. 499)

Along with those citations from the Lutheran Confessions, here are a few recent articles well worthy of consideration on the subject.

First is a three part series from Pastor Joel Brondos over at Collarbones ("Suing the Synod" Part I, Part II, Part III) which were excellent. Secondly, an article written by attorney Robert Doggett of the Lutheran Concerns Association entitled "Errors Not To Be Tolerated In The Church, Part Two" --applying many of these same passages from the Lutheran Confessions above to complaints that any lawsuit by Christians is flatly contrary to Scripture, especially 1 Cor. 6. All told, I think the case is persuasively made and the Lutheran doctrine faithfully applied in these articles.

A Christian not only in some circumstances may call upon the courts, indeed he ought to seek the courts as that means God has appointed for resolving such matters. Far better that than attempt to take matters into his own hands, or set out trying to invent some better means of his own. Should he choose that course, he's not only got a conflict with his opponent -- but with the very God who reigns over the civil kingdom.

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Completely Defeated Already?

Well, it seems the church is now Ablaze! with chatter about an impending class-action lawsuit apparently being filed on behalf of the LCMS against President Kieschnick and several District Presidents. The allegation is gerrymandering, an exceptional realignment of circuits which increased the number of delegates to the 2004 synodical convention from districts predominantly supportive of President Kieschnick's reelection.

Such talk is no mere idle chatter, as seems evident enough from the official minutes (PDF, see p.42-46, 59) of the February 24-25, 2005 meeting of the LCMS Board of Directors. The Board of Directors dealt with a substantial number of policies involving lawsuits against the synod, and even considered a November 2004 letter of request that the BoD initiate a lawsuit on behalf of the Synod against President Kieschnick and others for the alleged gerrymandering. It should be noted that though the Board voted to decline initiating a lawsuit, a class-action endeavor headed up by William Doggett may indeed come to pass.

The recent press release from Reclaim News notes:
"President Kieschnick was reelected by 69 votes or 52.7%. Of the 1240 delegates that attended the 2004 Convention, 176 were exceptions and 1064 were legitimate delegates.

There is now an effort to file suit in Federal Court by Attorney William Doggett of Cincinnati against President Kieschnick and the LCMS to declare the results of the 2004 LCMS Convention invalid.

One of the major points of the suit will be that President Kieschnick has no standard for exceptions because he signed all requests for exceptions.

While the LCMS has lost approximately 100,000 baptized members in the last 4 years, the number of electoral circuits has been inflated from 601 in 1998 to 623 in 2004.

How can an election be considered valid according to Roberts Rules of Order if 14.2% of the voters are not legitimate, unless the margin of victory is more than 14.2%? How can an election for a multi-state corporation be valid if the current President is allowed to stack the Convention with exceptions from Districts favorable to his reelection?"

Lawsuits are almost always messy, from what I hear and see on TV. All the more so are they messy when they involve the Church and Christians. The MOSy email discussion list, for example, has been aflutter with questions, comments, and the wrestlings of folks trying to figure out whether such an effort ought to be supported or not.

Some bring up 1 Cor. 6 and insist that there ought never be a lawsuit in a church or between Christians. Others will refer to Paul's appeal to his Roman citizenship in Acts 22 as an apostolic example that making use of the civil means is not absolutely forbidden the Christian. Then again, Christ speaks of legal matters in the Sermon on the Mount in Matthew 5, pointing out that those who do not settle their cases with their adversary on the way to court may well wind up subject to a judge's authority and decision.

The Apology of the Augsburg Confession, Article XVI: Of Political Order (par. 53-57) notes:
53] The Sixteenth Article the adversaries receive without any exception, in which we have confessed that it is lawful for the Christian to bear civil office, sit in judgment, determine matters by the imperial laws, and other laws in present force, appoint just punishments, engage in just wars, act as a soldier, make legal contracts, hold property, take an oath, when magistrates require it, contract marriage; finally, that legitimate civil ordinances are good creatures of God and divine ordinances, which a Christian can use with safety. 54] This entire topic concerning the destruction between the kingdom of Christ and a political kingdom has been explained to advantage [to the remarkably great consolation of many consciences] in the literature of our writers, [namely] that the kingdom of Christ is spiritual [inasmuch as Christ governs by the Word and by preaching], to wit, beginning in the heart the knowledge of God, the fear of God and faith, eternal righteousness, and eternal life; meanwhile it permits us outwardly to use legitimate political ordinances of every nation in which we live, just as it permits us to use medicine or 55] the art of building, or food, drink, air.

Neither does the Gospel bring new laws concerning the civil state, but commands that we obey present laws, whether they have been framed by heathen or by others, and that in this obedience we should exercise love. For Carlstadt was insane in imposing upon us the judicial laws of Moses. 56] Concerning these subjects, our theologians have written more fully, because the monks diffused many pernicious opinions in the Church. They called a community of property the polity of the Gospel; they said that not to hold property, not to vindicate one's self at law [not to have wife and child], were evangelical counsels. These opinions greatly obscure the Gospel and the spiritual kingdom [so that it was not understood at all what the Christian or spiritual kingdom of Christ is; they concocted the secular kingdom with the spiritual, whence much trouble and seditions, harmful teaching resulted], and are dangerous to the commonwealth. 57] For the Gospel does not destroy the State or the family [buying, selling, and other civil regulations], but much rather approves them, and bids us obey them as a divine ordinance, not only on account of punishment, but also on account of conscience.

Honestly, I have mixed feelings. I mean, on the one hand, it's kind of tough to answer St. Paul's questions in 1 Cor. 6:7
The very fact that you have lawsuits among you means you have been completely defeated already. Why not rather be wronged? Why not rather be cheated?
Yet, on the other hand, Paul goes on in the very next verse to condemn cheating and wrongdoing:
Instead, you yourselves cheat and do wrong, and you do this to your brothers.
Gerrymandering, by definition, is cheating in an election. And of course Romans 13 has something to add as well,

For rulers hold no terror for those who do right, but for those who do wrong. Do you want to be free from fear of the one in authority? Then do what is right and he will commend you. For he is God's servant to do you good. But if you do wrong, be afraid, for he does not bear the sword for nothing. He is God's servant, an agent of wrath to bring punishment on the wrongdoer.
The law and judges (and even lawyers, I guess) also serve God's purpose; civil government exists also for the benefit of Christians. Dare the Christian suggest that blind Justice bears the sword for nothing?

Messy, messy, messy.

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