Pronouns

In Livonian, relationships between nouns and pronouns are expressed using both case endings and prepositions. Below are the pronouns declined in the eight productive cases of the language. For an explanation of the function of each case, see the section on noun cases in Livonian.

All examples are taken from Livõ Kel by Kersti Boiko, with the exception of the inessive case forms, as these are not given in the text. Instead they are taken from the declension tables given by Lauri Kettunen in his Livisches Wörterbuch mit grammatischer Einleitung. The spelling of the forms given below, where I have re-written them in the modern orthography, could not be confirmed by any outside source. Thus there exists the possibility for error in the spelling of the inessive forms.

Nominative (who?)

Genitive (whose?)

Dative (for/to whom?)

Partitive (who?)

Instrumental (Translative-Comitative)

(with whom?)

Illative (to where?)

Inessive (where?)

Elative (from where?)