Honors Klemistry Chapter 9

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Concept Map Chapter Outline "Creations of Fire" Reading Guide "The Periodic Table" Reading Guide Atomics Test Review Radiation Test Teview

Size of a Nucleus Simulation Size of a Molecule Lab Radiation Lab

"ChemClue" Atomic Particle problem Atomic Mass Problems Transmutation Problems Lise Meitner Worksheet Half-Life with Logarithms

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CHAPTER OUTLINE

1. Rutherford's experiment provided indirect evidence for a tiny, central, positively-charged nucleus. SECTION 10.1

2. Atoms of the same element can exist in a variety of isotopes. SECTIONS 4.5, 4.7, & PAGE 551

3. Radioactivity results from spontaneous changes in nuclei. This can be natural (spntaneous) or artifically induced.

4. Alpha (a) and beta (b) decay are common forms of radioactivity.

5. Radiation effects depend upon the nuclear and chemical properties of the specific isotope involved.

6. Natural radioactive substances have characteristic half-lives. Half-Life is an exponential (log) relationship between radiation and mass.

7. Fission and fusion reactions can be induced artificially and are extremely exothermic.

8. The energy released during nuclear reactions comes from nuclear binding energy.

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"Creations of Fire" Reading Guide

Transmutations: pp. 29-31, 34-36, 89-105:

What kind of transmutations lay at the heart of alcemy? How is Paracelsus' work a bridge between alchemy and chemistry?

Nuclear Fission: pp. 394-399, 410-414

How did the idea of nuclear transmutations develop?

The atom: pp. 266-274, 391-394

Trace our growing understanding of atomic atructure. Pay attention to the role radiation played in these studies.

The Bomb: 399-410

Enjoy this facinating story.

Cold Fusion: pp. 419-421

What did Pons & Fleischmann claim to have done? What was odd about the way theu published their results? How does conventional science interpret their data?

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"The Periodic Table" Reading Guide

URANIUM: pp. 191-199

• What qualities are needed for a customer service chemist?
• What's the ideal relationship between a CS and his client?
• At what point does Levi show he doesn't believe Bonino?
• What properties does Bonino claim for his uranium? What does Levi observe?
• What test tells Levi the sample isn't uranium? What tells him what it is?
• How does Levi feel about Bonino's lie?
• How did Levi feel about reentering the lab?

SILVER: pp. 200-210

• How does Levi feel about going to his 25th college reunion?
• What does Levi admire about Cerrato?
• What business was Cerrato in?
• How does Levi feel about cleanliness precautions?
• What problem cropped up? Was it serious?
• What regularity showed up? How did Cerrato investigate it?
• What was the source of the problem? How did Cerrato prove it?

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Atomic Structure Test Review (closed book) Click here for practice problems.

KNOW	use terms and identify atomic number, mass number, atomic mass, isotope descfribe mass, size, and location of protons, neutrons, and electrons
DO	calculate weighted averages (atomic mass) from isotopic abundances, and isotope abundances from mass numbers interpret mass spectroscopy graphs; use isotope information to determine what a mass spec graph would look like (peak numbes and %)

Radiation Test Review (open book) Click here for practice problems.

KNOW	list properties of alpha, beta, and gamma radiation compare fission ard fusion reactions
DO	write equations for nuclear reactions (a-decay and b-decay) use a Geiger Counter to determine rates of radioactivity (bq) calculate the mass defect; calculating energy using E = mc2 solve half-life problems

TAKE-HOME ESSAY: Is there value to romantisized "hagiographies" of scientists? Use the "Radium" essay from Reflections: Chemistry Imagined, by Roald Hoffmann to support your position.

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