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Honors Klemistry
Chapter 7
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CHAPTER
OUTLINE
- Solutions that dissolve in water can be strong
or weak electrolytes, depending on their intramolecular
bonding. SECTION 7.2
- Stoichiometric, ionic and net ionic equations
highlight different aspects of precipitation reactions. SECTION
7.3
- Ion concentrations for mixed solutions can be
calculated from a knowledge of ionic equations. SECTION
14.6
- Arrhenius defined acids & bases as
electrolyte solutions containing hydrogen & hydroxide ions.
SECTIONS 5.6, 7.4, 15.1
- Bronsted redefined acids and abses more
broadly in terms of proton (hydrogen ion) movement. SECTION
15.1
- Water dissociates wery weakly into hydrogen
and hydroxide ions. SECTION 15.3
- pH is a measure of the hydrogen ion
concentration of solutions. SECTIONS 15.4-15.5
- Buffers resist changes in pH. SECTION
15.6
- Neutralization by titration is a powerful lab
technique. SECTION 14.7
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"Creations
of Fire" Reading Guide
Ions: pp. 196-199, 275-278
Compare Faraday's and Arrhenius' views on
ions.
Acids: pp. 51-52, 290, 297-298
Enjoy these stories!
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Arrhenius paper
- "Osmotic pressure" is the pressure a more concentrated
solution exerts on a less concentrated solution. Put Van't Hoff's
analogy in your own words.
- What is the difficulty that Arrhenius sees in Van't Hoff's
theory?
- If gases show this kind of difficulty, what is the usual
explanation? Draw a diagram to show why a dissociated gas would
exert more pressure than a non-dissociated gas.
- Does Arrhenius think the same process proposed for gases also
occurs in solutions?
- What is Arrhenius' definition of an "active" molecule?
- Write an equation for calculating an "activity coefficient"
(also called alpha, or a).
- What is "i"?
- In the table at the end of the article, values for "i" are
shown two ways. The "i=t/18.5" column are found from experimental
data. The "i=1+(k-1)a" are calculated from Arrhenius' theory. Does
his theory work: does it predict the experimental results
well?
- Why do the nonconductors in the table have a=0? i=1?
- Look at the alpha (a) column for the electrolytes. Which ones
don't dissociate very much? How do you know?
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"The
Periodic Table" Reading Guide
TIN: pp. 184-190
- Why is tin "friendly"?
- Where is this new lab?
- What are the consequences of using
hydrochloric acid?
- What did they use to crystallize the
SnCl2.2H2O?
- In what way is this material delicate?
dangerous?
- Why does Levi quit his varnish
job?
- How do Emilio & Levi react to the failure
of their lab?
- How is the hood & what happens symbolic of
their lab?
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Ions
Test Review (closed book
except for polyatomic ion list & solubility rules) Click
here
for review problems.
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KNOW
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- apply Arrhenius' ideas of strong and
weak electrolytes to the elctrocal behavior of different
solutions.
- understand why saltwater solution
conduct electricity but sugar water solutions do not
conduct electricity
- use a solubility table to determine
whether an ionic compound is soluble in water
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DO
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- carry out a precipitate matrix test
and use it to determine the identity of
precipitates
- write stoichiometric, ionic, and net
ionic equations for the reactions between two ionic
solutions
- calculate the concentration of ions
or ppts. after solutions are mixed
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Acids
& Bases Test Review Click
here
for review problems.
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CLOSED BOOK
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- apply Arrhenius' ion model and the
processes of hydration, dissociation, and precipitation
to examples
- compare Arrhenius and Brønsted
definitions of acids and bases
- compare weak/strong and
dilute/concentrations ionic solutions
- list assumptions of an "ideal strong
electrolyte"
- describe neutralization process,
including changes in pH and electrical
conductivity
- read a buret accurately &
precisely; carry out a titration
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OPEN BOOK
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- write names and formulas for
acids
- calculate [H+],
[OH-], pH and pOH of acid-base solutions as
changes are made
- calculate acid concentration from an
acid-base titration
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The typing did not scan very well
on these "ChemToons".
The sign on the fence reads:
CAUTION: This plant produces sulfur oxides and other harmful
greenhouse gases/
The snow lady is saying: "Well,
Billy's melted and now Kate has acid indigestion. I told you
this was no place to raise a family."
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Panel #1 reads:" Hey, Limewater, get into the music
chamber! We need more base!"
Panel #2 reads: "That's more like it. Boy, this base is
giving off some heat."
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