Honors Klemistry Unit 5

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Concept Map Chapter Outline "Creations of Fire" Reading Guides "The Periodic Table" Reading Guide Pressure Test Review Gas Laws Test Review ChemToons

Reaction of a Metal with Hydrochloric Acid Lab Absolute Zero Challenge Total Recall Challenge

Manometer Problems Collecting Gases over Water Problems Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure Problems Graham's Law Problems Van der Waals Problems

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CHAPTER OUTLINE

1. Gas pressure can be measured by barometer and manometer. SECTION 12.1

2. Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure provides useful info. on the composition of gas mixtures and when gases are collected under water. PAGES 378-379 IN SECTION 12.6

3. Changes in the Earth's atmosphere over time, especially the presence of free O₂ due to photosynthesis, can be seen in the rock record.

4. Temperature & pressure of gases are directly related (Gay-Lussac's Law).

5. Gas temperature and volume are directly related (Charles' Law). SECTION 12.3

6. Kinetic-Molecular theory explains gas laws with the help of Kelvin's absolute temperature scale. SECTIONS 12.8-12.9

8. Graham's Law uses KM theory to identify gases by their molar mass.

9. The ideal gas law combines gas properties of T, P, V, and moles. SECTION 12.5 & 12.7

10. PV=nRT plus stoichiometry forms a powerful problem-solving tool. SECTION 12.10

11a. Real gases deviate from ideal behavior, and can be modeled by van der Waals' emperical equation.

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"Creations of Fire" Reading Guide

Gay-Lussac: pp. 202-203 & bottom 206-208

What role did politics play in Gay-Lussac's professional life? In what ways is G-L a "modern" scientist? How did he combine ballooning & chemistry? Why is Charles' law really G-L's and Dalton's?

Kelvin: pp. 221-222

What was K's interest in heat? What regularity did he discover? Mathematically, why is K's scale such an important refinement? What is K's definition of an ideal gas? What word did he coin and what does it mean?

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"The Periodic Table" Reading Guide Click here for Visual Poem on "Ce" chapter

SULFUR: pp. 160-164

• When the thermometer hovers for awhile at 95°C, what do you think is happenikng? Hint: Its off by 5°C!
• What's B41 and why is this a joke?
• "Zero" on the vacuum gauge means 1 atm, not a total vacuum. What's so dangerous about having the pressure go higher than 1 atm? Whaat's the solution to the problem?
• The "long, angry hiss" is what?
• Lanza gets angry and not scared. Do you thin k you would have been angry, or scared, in his shoes?

TITANIUM: pp. 165-168

• What does Maria find incomprehensible?
• Note: If you haven't ever seen titanium white paint, check out the art department.
• Why does she think the titanium will cut her?
• How does the painter keep Maria from touching the wet paint? Does it work?  

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Pressure Test Review Click here for practice problems.

CLOSED BOOK	understand & apply the principles of Torricelli barometer interpret open and closed manometer diagrams solve visual problems using pistons and jars to solve for density, moles/liter, volume, pressure read room barometer and eudiometers accurately & precisely
OPEN BOOK	solve problems using Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure

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Gas Laws Test Review Click here for practice problems.

CLOSED BOOK

identify relationships (direct, inverse, inverse square) between any pair of terms in the ideal gas law (n, P, V, T) as well as those in Graham's Law (m, v, KE) explain these realtionships in terms of the kinetic-molecular theory (aka "the ping-pong model") define absolute zero and explain how to extrapolate it from P,T or V,T data describe characterisitcs of real and ideal gases, list conditions under which gases behave most ideally

OPEN BOOK

solve Graham's Law problems problems involving the ideal gas law, with and without stoichiometry read barmometers and eudiometers, interpret manometer diagrams use Graphical Analysis to determine whether two variables are directly, inversely, or inverse squarely related

TAKE-HOME ESSAY: Was Kelvin's work an act of creation or discovery? Use definitions of "discovery" and "Creation" from Hoffmann's artcle "The Chemist". You may substitute the work of Gay0-Lussac, Graham, Boyle, or Charles for Kelvin.

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The typing in this ChemToon did not scan very well. Hi! I'm Aaron Air Cannon. I'm made of PVC parts and use compressed air to move a projectile. As you can see, inside I am divided into two sections: a barrel with an open top and a closed off bottom where air molecules are collected behind a valve. Its a little uncomfortable but before I can do anything I have a projectile shoved inside of me. The projectile is rammed against my valve for a tight fit. A pump is used to build up air behind my valve. As you can see, the molecules get very numerous and close together as the pressure builds. You could say I'm under a lot of stress. When my valve is turned all the pressurized air is released and the projectile is propelled forward.

And away it goes! (a) Hey, Pete Projectile! (b) Hey Aaron! Do you think you can give me a lift later? I don't know, Pete ... I have a lot to do today - what the hey?! I work best under pressure!!

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