Honors Klemistry Chapter 6

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Concept Map Chapter Outline "Creations of Fire" Reading Guide "The Periodic Table" Reading Guide Periodicty Test Review Bonding Test Review Bonding with Color

Ge Team Challenge Qualitative Analysis Lab Chromatography Exploratory

Chemical Bonding Worksheet Molecular Geometry Worksheet

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CHAPTER OUTLINE

1a. The search for a connection between structure (mass) and properties among the elements lead to the invention of the Per. Table.

2. The modern Periodic Table is organized by atomic number and properties. SECTION 4.8

3. Families of elements have similar properties and their members vary systematically. SECTION 10.11

4. The modern model of ther atom was experimentally determined by the energy emitted and abosorbed by atoms. SECTIONS 10.3-10.6

5. Electrons can be organized into core and valence electrons, shown via Lewis electron dot models.

6. Chemical bonding occurs when atoms transfer (ionic) or share (covalent) electrons. SECTIONS 11.1, 11.5-11.6

7. Pauling's electronegativity scale can be used to predict bond types (and thus properties). SECTIONS 11.2-11.3

8. Transfer of electrons can also be used to explain oxidation and reduction reactions. SECTION 7.5

9. Lewis models can be used as predictors of the physical shapes of compounds. SECTIONS 11.8-11.9

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"Creations of Fire" Reading Guide

The Periodic Table: pp. 257-262

Follow the development of the Periodic Table.

The Covalent Bond: pp. 310-313, 326-327

Trace the development of the idea of a covalent bond. Note Lewis' visual model of bonding. And find out why, in the end, [a] Berzalius would be pleased with this concept and [b] Dalton would accept diatomic molecules.

Spectroscopy: pp. 262-266

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"The Periodic Table" Reading Guide

 NITROGEN: pp. 175-183

• What's so great about being a consultant?
• What is made in the factory he visits? What's the problem?
• What do you think of the owner's quality control methods?
• What did Levi's oven test show?
• What's the owner's solution?
• What connections does Levi make between architectural and chemical structure?
• What's the raw material for alloxan?
• What's different about the way humans and reptiles excrete nitrogen?
• What is Levi's opinion about getting lipstick from manure?
• Was chicken shit easy to get? python?
• Does th e synthesis work?

VANADIUM: pp. 211-223

• What's tricky about varnish?
• What role does oxygen play?
• What specific problem crops up in this chapter?
• Why does Levi hesitate to accuse the resin supplier? How do they respond?
• What's significant about the V?
• What was Levi's opinion of Müller back in Auschwitz?
• Why does Levi want to confront Müller now?
• How is the vanadium issue resolved? the Müller issue?

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  Periodicity Quiz Review

KNOW	Describe how Mendeleyev structured his original Periodic table. Connect atomic number and electron strcture to the modern Periodic Table.
DO	identify elements from their column (family) and row position

Unit Test Review

• KNOW	Explain the significance of "valence electrons" to chemical bonding. Compare and contrast ionic bonding, polar covalent bonding, and nonpolar covalent bonding in terms of structure (electronegativity, valence electons) and properties (solubility and electrical conductivity of aqueous solutions).
  DO	Draw Lewis dot models for elements, simple ions, polyatomic ions, and binary compounds. Use an electronegativity table to determine the bond type of a binary compound. deterine the shapes of simple compoun ds from thier Lewis models.

  TAKE-HOME ESSAY: "Man is slightly nearer to the atom than to the stars … from his central position man can survey the grandest works of Nature with the astronomer, or the minutest works with the physicist … I ask you to look both ways. For the road to a knowledge of the stars leads through the atom, and important knowledge of the atom has been reached through the stars." - Sir Authur Eddington, 1928 Support or refute Eddington's position, using 2 historical example, one of which must be from this chapter.

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Bonding with Color

Get a small flat dish and fill it about 2-3 cm deep with milk. Then put a drop of food coloring in each corner (or anywhere yoou choose!). Dip a toothpick in dish detergent and hold the tip to the surface of the milk. Watch what happens. This works best with warm, whole milk. Can you explain what's happening?	2. after a short time
1. toothpick first inserted	3. after more time