Honors Klemistry Unit 2

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  1. Gases can be modeled as "ping pong balls". This is the kinetic-molecular model
  2. There is a mathematical pressure-volume relationship in gases (Boyle's Law). SECTION 12.2
  3. Direct and inverse relationships are found in many natural laws.
  4. The simplest chemical substances are elements, which are made of atoms, represented by symbols on the Periodic Table. SECTIONS 4.1-4.4 AND 4.8-4.9
  5. The atoms in pure elements can be arranged differently, producing different allotropes.
  6. Atoms are made of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons. SECTIONS 4.5-4.6 AND 4.10
  7. Atoms become charged ions by gaining or losing electrons.
  8. Elements have unique mass called "atomic mass or "molar mass". SECTIONS 2.6 AND 8.1-8.3
  9. Dimensional analysis provides a powerful tool for solving problems like converting from mass to number of atoms.

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Pressure Test Review Click here for practise problems.

KNOW
  • state and describe Boyle's law
  • identify inverse vs. direct relationships
  • undestand and apply the "ping-pong" kinetic-molecular model of air pressure

DO
  • read gas syringes accuately & precisely
  • calculate min/max for inverse volumes
  • enter data into "Graphical Analysis", use proper error bars, have computer calculate inverse, get regression lines, write equations from regression statistics, use correlation
  • solve Boyle's Law problems

TAKE-HOME ESSAY: Are poems a legitimate type of model for science?

Use the poem "Heat: Hot, as ___:Cold" from Reflections: Chemistry Imagined by Roald Hoffmann as an example to support your position.

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Atomic Test Review Click here for practise problems.

KNOW
  • explain the difference between atomic mass and relative mass
  • understand what Avogadro's number represents, and distinguish between an element sample's mass and the number of moles present

DO
  • solve accumulative error problems for both absolute and relative precision
  • find an element and its molar mass on a Periodic Table
  • calculate relative mass
  • use dimensional analysis to convert between an element sample's mass and #moles and #atoms

TAKE-HOME ESSAY:

Use this exerpt from Walt Whitman's poem to reflect how the theory of atoms and their conservation impacts how we, as humans, view ourselves.

10 The essay is one to two pages, double-spaced typed (or the equivalent handwritten). It is final draft quality (paragraph structure correct, no grammatical or spelling errors). The essay has a clear theme statement that is relevant to the question asked. The theme is thoughtfully and fully developed and comes to a definite conclusion. Within the essay Dalton's theory of atoms and the Law of Conservation of Matter is clearly stated and correct, and Whitman's use of the law is clarified.

9 There are minor flaws in an essay which otherwise demonstates mastery of the question, the law, and the essay format. For example, the essay may be complete but lack overall depth, or there may be grammatical errors.

8 The essay meets most of the standards but not all. For example, the theme may be developed but never explicitly stated. Or the essay lacks a clear conclusion. Or the essay may be be under one page.

7 There is demnonstration of some quality work but there are conceptual errors: Dalton's theory or conservation of mass are incorrect.

5-6 There is demonstration of some quality work, but the essay does not demonstate understanding of the poem or concepts.

0 No essay was submitted.

from "Song of Myself", by Walt Whitman

I celebrate myself, and sing myself,

And what I assume you shall assume,

For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.

I loaf and invite my soul,

I lean and loaf at my ease observing a spear of summer grass.

My tongue, every atom of my blood, formed from this soil, this air,

Born here of parents born here from parents the same, and their parents the same,

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