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16 Aug 08: K3TEZ speaks on Internet Security

Our meeting was held at Neighbor's Restaurant in Vienna, VA, and our featured speaker was Chapter 91's Vice-President, Mike Huhn, K3TEZ, a certified computer security professional.  His topic: "Things That Go Bump on the Web." Mike-gesturing

Mike reviewed how today's Internet grew out of  ARPANET, a Department of Defense project that was begun in the 1960s; how DoD's access-restricted ARPANET morphed into a worldwide packet network available to anyone with a computer, a modem, and an Internet service provider (ISP)

Today, almost everyone has access to both free and commercial services provided via the protocols for the World Wide Web (WWW). The "Web"  operates over the Internet and was conceived almost single-handedly by Tim Berners-Lee around 1989. By the early 90s, he and a few accomplices had an early version up and running, and then others then pitched in to grow it into what we now use and abuse.

With the increasing use of the Web for everything from military to financial and commercial operations, "bad guys" have developed nasty ways to disrupt some of its operations and to bring woe to some of its users, too often relieving them of their money by illegal means. Consequently, users of the Internet need to learn how to protect their computer systems and their bank accounts from such threats. 

Mike commented briefly such threats as: computer viruses, worms, trojans, spyware, rootkits, botnets, malicious websites, spam, and phishing attacks. You can "google" on any of these terms to learn more about each of them. For example, click on the link below to learn more about the meaning of the term "computer virus" 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/computer_virus

Mike said that your new computer system will be quickly attacked if you connect it to the Internet without first taking some precautions. Here are some of the precautions mentioned by Mike. They apply to both home-based users and users with laptops when connecting via the Wi-Fi at Starbucks or via the Internet access provided by your hotel:

• Configure your computer's operating system, tower or laptop, to take advantage of its built-in security features, including its built-in software firewall,

 • Put your home computer(s) behind a security router that provides Network Address Translation (NAT); these act as "hardware firewalls" and can keep bad packets from getting inside your computer.

 • Configure your computer's operating system, and router if you have one, to refuse all connection requests from remote services you don't need, and only turn ON such a service during the period you actually need to it. 

 • Add malware (virus, worm, spam, etc.) protection and perhaps a better software firewall than came with your computer; such are available from third-party vendors. Mike mentioned a few such vendors: Norton, Symantec, McAfee, Zone Alarm

 • If you rely on wireless networking inside your home, be sure to rely on the WPA encryption protocol. Do not rely on either of the two older, quite insecure WEP protocols.

 • Keep your operating system and applications software up-to-date regarding security patches.

 • Use strong passwords of at least 8 characters (more is better) and avoid words found in the dictionary; a random mix of numbers and letters, upper and lower case is best. Keep a copy of your passwords in a secure place so you don't lose them.

• If you have more than one computer sharing a single printer, put the printer on the network by itself so that packet traffic from one computer need not pass through another computer on its way to the printer.

 • Use a separate administrator's account to manage your computer and use a non-administrative account (has fewer privileges) for everyday tasks.

Once these precautions are in place and your machine is connected to the Internet, you will then need to maintain a healthy and continuous distrust of what various "bad guys" may try to tempt you to do via devious "social engineering" tricks:

 • Don't reply to emails soliciting personal information even if they look legitimate. Legitimate banks and suppliers of personal credit don't operate that way.

• Don't click on links in emails, and don't open attachments to them, unless you are pretty sure you know who the source is and that the attachment is benign. And don't forward such stuff willy-nilly to your friends.

 • Make sure that money transactions are conducted using an encrypted link supported by the HTPPS protocol (the "S" is for "secure"). 

 • Use your browser to check the Authentication Certificate for the organization on the other end of an important on-line transaction.

• Dedicate a separate credit card with a low credit limit to make purchases on-line.

Alas, there is little that software can do to protect you if you insist on clicking on links in emails or on web sites that, while looking official or being from a friend, aren't.  


In closing, Mike cited a few of the websites that he frequents as a security professional:

 • SANS Institute: "the largest source for information security training, certification, and research in the world:
http://www.sans.org/

 Center for Internet Security: "provides Internet security benchmarks based on recognized best practices."
http://www.cisecurity.org/

 • CERT Coordination Center: "Located at Carnegie Mellon's Software Engineering Institute, we study Internet security vulnerabilities…" Of particular interest are their up-to-date CERT advisories:
http://www.cert.org/advisories/

 • NIST Computer Security Resource Center: "to provide standards & technology to protect systems against threats…"
http://csrc.nist.gov/

19 Jul 08: Annual Awards; Cutchalls in Alaska

Neighbors Restaurant
Vienna, VA
Lunch began at 11:30 a.m.; meeting was over by 2:30 p.m.

This was our Annual Awards meeting. 
Chapter 91 President Tim Donovan, WA4CLK, presented awards from QCWA to:

  Nelson Seese, W4BHD: 55 years continuously-licensed award + 
       the Century Club award

  Warren Schor, KD3GA: 55 years since first-licensed award

For the main event, Leila Cutchall, WN4PP, and Carol Cutchall, WA4GFW, recalled their August 2005 trip to Alaska with QCWA.

To see photos from their presentation, as well as from the awards ceremony, click on http://homepage.mac.com/rrucker/PhotoAlbum108.html

Below is an expanded version of an article by Leila that was first posted on this website in 2006:

On Tuesday, August 16, 2005, Carol (WA4GFW) and I (WN4PP) left Dulles Airport for a QCWA-sponsored Alaskan tour and cruise. It was a dream come true. After a long 21 hour trip (plane delays) we arrived at last in Fairbanks and were met by our tour guide.

The fun began early next morning when we went on a bus tour of Fairbanks and then by paddleboat to Chena Indian Village on the Chena River.  This river connects to the Yukon and was used by paddle boats, supplying miners during the gold rush. We saw several caribou on a river bank and beautiful scenery all around. This was somewhat diminished by smoke from wild fires that were burning hundreds of miles away, but it still had a special allure. 

At the village, there were demonstrations by Indians on how their ancestors lived and worked to survive the winters. They live in small log cabins to more efficiently preserve the wood stove heat and have structures built on stilts to help keep their food from wild animals. Furs are used for warmth, and there were women sewing and beading clothes made of leather. One native woman “Dixie” was commissioned by the Smithsonian Institution to make a leather dress that is now on display there.  After the demonstration, we saw her scooting down the river in her motor boat.

We also saw sled dogs being raised and trained by a woman who has been in several Iditarod dog sled races. They were happy dogs and obviously loved her. On the way out we stopped by the Trans-Alaska Pipeline.  The sign showed 800 miles from Valdez to Prudo Bay.  This spot is 150 miles from the Arctic Circle.

We then visited Gold Dredge Number 8 and had an "all you can eat" miner's lunch. There were many of these dredges used to mine gold. They are set in man made lagoons and use an auger and conveyer to move the dirt and gold through a processing system to recover the gold.  The gold was separated from the fine dirt by a bed of mercury.  The mercury was sent out to have the gold removed and then returned for the next operation.  These dredges only removed 70 to 90 percent of the gold and the park service is now reprocessing the tailings.  Carol and I panned for gold and  together we panned about twelve dollars worth. I spent ten for a locket to keep it in. Lots of fun!

Thursday, we boarded the McKinley Explorer, a glass-domed train bound for Denali National Park. This eight-hour ride provided us with glorious views and great times with other “QCWAers”. On Friday, we took an eight-hour tour through the tundra wilderness of the park, and saw a very hazy Mt. McKinley in the distance. On many days it is not visible at all. During this tour, one caribou was spotted and many Ptarmigans, the Alaskan state bird.  We then caught the train for Anchorage. 

A motor coach was provided from Anchorage to Seward, where we boarded Holland America's MS Veendam for our cruise. It was here that all of the QCWA hams got together. There were about 150 of us enjoying the good company, good food, and spectacular scenery which included many glaciers. Spotted on the trip were whales, otters, many birds (including the adorable little puffins and eagles), bear, moose, caribou, deer, dall sheep, and salmon swimming and jumping up stream.

 ICOM had an IC7800 on board for our use. It was located on an aft deck with a vertical antenna on the deck above. Cold and rainy weather didn't hamper radio operations very much as the radio was under cover, and people operated it regularly. Carol and I both made contacts, one of which was the USS Red Oak, a victory ship off of the coast of California. Thank you ICOM! 

The ship traveled down the inside passage with stops in Juno, Sitka, and Ketchikan.  We took side trips to the Kena Fjord and fish hatcheries.  The trip ended at Vancouver BC where we caught a plane for home. The cruise was a wonderful way to end our trip. There were few deadlines and as much or little rest as we chose. It was an awesome trip that will never be forgotten!

21 Jun 08: Ft McHenry tour

Click on this link to see photos taken during this tour:   http://homepage.mac.com/rrucker/PhotoAlbum107.html

            the-fort            guard-at-his-post

It dawned a beautiful June day. My husband, Carol (WA4GFW) and I (WN4PP) headed north to Baltimore and arrived at Fort McHenry about 9:00 a.m. without getting lost (I was not driving!). As we were exploring the visitor’s center, John (WQ4L) and his wife Pat arrived. It so happened that we were the only ones from the club who came. We were sorry that no one else was able to come, but the four of us had a wonderful time.

A short movie about Fort McHenry and its history started a few minutes after we arrived. We learned, for one thing, that it was George Washington who directed that a fort be built at that location to protect Baltimore from British attack. At the conclusion of the movie, “The Star Spangled Banner” was playing as draperies covering a wall of windows were opened. There appeared from the darkened movie theater, bright sunshine shining on the huge, fifteen star flag that was snapping in the breeze. Truly breathtaking! This flag flies 24/7 and is so large that ships out in the harbor cannot miss it.

In September, 1814, Francis Scott Key, a well known Washington attorney, was aboard an American truce ship on the night of a fierce battle. At dawn, he was awed by the sight of our flag still flying over the fort. From that experience, he wrote a poem, “The Star Spangled Banner.” This poem was set to music and became our country’s national anthem in 1931.

In 1914, Congress appropriated funds for a monument at Fort McHenry to mark the centennial of the writing of the “Star Spangled Banner.” In a national competition, there were thirty-four designs submitted. Orpheus with the Awkward Foot, by sculptor Charles H. Niehaus, was selected. Orpheus was an artful poet, musician, and singer of Greek mythology and is depicted playing a lyre. The statue is 24 feet high and stands upon a marble pedestal bearing a medallion honoring Francis Scott Key. This pedestal also contains a time capsule filled with patriotic and historic documents.

On June, 14, 1922, President Warren G. Harding headed the unveiling ceremonies. His speech that day was the first by a U.S. President to be broadcast on coast-to coast radio.

It was a very enjoyable day for each of us.

Leila Cutchall– wn4pp

For more on Ft. McHenry and the Juneteenth event, click on:
http://www.nps.gov/fomc/


10 May 08: N3HBX's contesting station tour

This tour was a follow-up to John V. Evan’s presentation on his DX contesting super-station in Poolsville, MD. Click on the underlined link for the full story on his station, how it came to be, and what it consists of: 
John Evan's dream station & antenna farm

Click on the following link to see photos taken during this tour:
http://homepage.mac.com/rrucker/PhotoAlbum106.html


19 Apr 08: ARRL's Chris Imlay, W3KD

------
Chris-Imlay-3

Chapter President Tim Donovan welcomed Chris Imlay, W3KD – who is General Counsel for the ARRL – back for his second appearance before us in recent years. For the article on last his appearance as our featured speaker, click on this link: 
Chris Imlay at our Holiday Luncheon in December 2004

Chris began by telling us a few more of his stories about Vic Clark, W4KFC (SK). As Vic is our chapter's namesake and was such fun to know, Chris knows he has an appreciative audience for these.  One of the stories he told this time was about Vic singing "Do you know the way to San Jose?" as Chris drove their rental car through busy San Francisco traffic, looking for the road signs to San Jose for a scheduled meeting there.

Chris followed that up with very funny story involving himself, his then 3-year-old daughter Bonnie (she's now 23), a lawyer from Denver named Marshall Quiat, AG0X, who had handled some early antenna cases for the ARRL,  and Len Nathanson, W8RC, a long time QCWA member and currently Vice President of QCWA. It's such a good story that I will not spoil it for you. You're just going to have to find an opportunity to hear it first-hand from Chris himself.

On the BPL Front:  Chris began by noting that it has been 6 months since the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia heard the arguments for and against the ARRL's petition for a review of the FCC's handling of the Broadband over Power Lines (BPL) issue, yet the court has not released its decision. Chris then recounted the events leading up to the ARRL's petition and what they are hoping will be the outcome.

----------------------------------
A week after Chris's presentation to us, ARRL issued on April 25th "Bulletin 8" to all radio amateurs. It said in part:

"The US Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit… released its decision on the ARRL's Petition for Review of the FCC's Orders adopting rules governing broadband over power line (BPL) systems. The Court agreed with the ARRL on two major points and remanded the rules to the Commission…"

Writing for the three-judge panel, Judge Rogers wrote: "The Commission failed to satisfy the notice and comment requirements of the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) by redacting studies on which it relied in promulgating the rule and failed to provide a reasoned explanation for its choice of the extrapolation factor for measuring Access BPL emissions…" 

"The briefs for the ARRL were prepared by a team of attorneys at WilmerHale… with assistance from ARRL General Counsel Christopher D. Imlay, W3KD. Oral argument for the ARRL was conducted by Jonathan J. Frankel of WilmerHale. Oral argument was heard on October 23, 2007; the Court's decision was released more than six months later."

After reading the decision, General Counsel Chris Imlay observed: "The decision of the Court of Appeals, though long in coming, was well worth the wait. It is obvious that the FCC was overzealous in its advocacy of BPL, and that resulted in a rather blatant cover-up of the technical facts surrounding its interference potential. Both BPL and Amateur Radio would have been better off had the FCC dealt with the interference potential in an honest and forthright manner at the outset. Now there is an opportunity to finally establish some rules that will allow BPL to proceed, if it can, in configurations that don't expose licensed radio services to preclusive interference in the HF bands."
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In his presentation to us, Chris noted that the ruckus that ARRL has made over the interference problems demonstrably caused by poorly-designed BPL systems, those in the business who still want to implement BPL have taken the ARRL's objections seriously and are well on their way to resolving them with notch filters and other technical means.   

In early 2007, Mike Ross WD5DBR, a Democratic member of the House from Arkansas, introduced HR-462 which requires the FCC to develop rules that would preclude BPL-caused interference. Mark Pryor, a Democratic Senator from Arkansas, introduced a similar bill, SB-1629, which requires the FCC to do four specific things with the same goal. Since this legislation was introduced primarily as backup in case the Court of Appeals found in the FCC's favor, passage of this legislation may not be necessary, now that the court has found in the ARRLs' favor.

Spectrum protection:  Twenty years ago, the ARRL was busy proposing changes to the rules in Part 97. Since then, the FCC has made the filing of proposed changes to the rules much easier so that anyone can do it. Further, FCC now treats nearly all proposals as potential changes to the rules. As a result, ARRL has shifted its focus to the battles over spectrum allocation. Some bands we thought were safe, are not. 

The 70cm band (420-450 MHz) that we amateurs share with the military is an example. While ham uses are secondary there – meaning we have to live with any mutual interference while they don't – military uses have been mostly wide-band radars, and these have had little impact on amateur narrow-band operations, and vice versa, at least until now. Recently, however, the Air Force came to the ARRL saying that its PAVE PAWS radars at Otis AFB on Cape Cod and at Beale AFB near Sacramento were being interfered with by a number of amateur FM voice repeaters in those areas, and they wanted it to stop as it was reportedly causing the radars to either shut down or to report false targets. 

When queried why this has only recently become a problem, the answer was: the PAVE PAWS mission has changed and these radars have been upgraded to be much more sensitive than before. Ostensibly, these radars are looking for missiles that might be launched from vessels at sea. Bottom line: Some repeaters had to be shut down and others had to reduce their output power. In all this, the ARRL has worked with the Air Force to minimize the number of sites affected, and at present, the coordination of amateur repeater frequencies in this band has been allowed to continue with this constraint in mind.

Chris also discussed  the possibility of an amateur spectrum allocation somewhere in the Low Frequency band (30 - 300 kHz).

Antenna challenges: There are a number of pending antenna cases that ARRL is working on. Chris mentioned the case of John Evans, N3HBX, who a few years ago built a super DX contesting station near Poolsville, MD. For details on the station itself, click on this link:  John Evans describes his dream contesting station

John consulted one of the premier communication lawyers, George R. "Bob" Borsari, W4WRS – Bob is also a Chapter 91 member – plus a top zoning attorney in Montgomery County, MD, to work with him on the permits for his site. His neighbors subsequently objected to having 4 tall towers erected on his 10 acres without prior notice and filed suit to have them taken down. The reason given for the suit was that they should have notified in advance of the actual construction so that they could have stopped it before it began.

The Maryland Court of Appeals upheld a lower court's decision that, as long as no variance or special exception was required, this construction was permitted by right, and the neighbors were not entitled to advance notice. This decision was appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, but the latter refused to hear the case. 

Montgomery County has since passed an ordinance restricting the height of towers permitted by right, and John's neighbors have brought another suit claiming that the towers represent an unattractive nuisance. This case is scheduled to be heard by a court in May.

In general, the good news is that more than half the states now have PRB-1 statutes to which municipalities wanting to limit tower heights must pay attention. Virginia has an exceptionally good statute as far as hams are concerned: towers up to 75' in height are permitted by right in urbanized areas, and up to 200' in rural areas.

For photos from this meeting, click on:
http://homepage.mac.com/rrucker/PhotoAlbum105.html


More on the BPL story: In an email dated 29 Apr 08 to the members of AMRAD, Frank Gentges, K0BRA, wrote the following about how part of ARRL's argument before the court was conceived:

"We gathered AMRAD members André Kesteloot, Bernie Keiser and myself along with Paul Rinaldo and the ARRL counsel, Chris Imlay.  We met at the ARRL office to help craft the ARRL submission to the FCC on BPL."

"One of the issues we examined was how the signal strength should fall off as function of distance from a radiating power line.  The AMRAD group helped the ARRL develop an argument that it should fall off at a rate of 20 dB per decade as that more closely represents how a line source should act.  Key was a drawing showing the line radiating out as a horizontal cylinder as opposed to the more familiar sphere.  The FCC decided that it should fall off at a rate of 40 dB per decade which represents a point source and sphere. After all, that is how they have always done it."

"Now, it looks like our argument of a cylinder as presented by ARRL counsel convinced the court it should be reexamined by the FCC… as the Court ordered: 'On remand, the Commission shall either provide a reasoned justification for retaining an extrapolation factor of 40 dB per decade for Access BPL systems sufficient to indicate that it has grappled with the 2005 studies, or adopt another factor and provide a reasoned explanation for it…' "

15 Mar 08: Our First Rigs

We met at Neighbor's Restaurant in Vienna, VA. After lunch, we told stories about our first rigs. Photos of our story-telling session can be found here:

http://homepage.mac.com/rrucker/PhotoAlbum104.html

Tim Donovan, WA4CLK, told his story before I turned the recorder on, and my memory isn't that good. Sorry, Tim. 

John Reiser, WQ4L:  John first got his commercial license while still in high school so he could work for local broadcast stations. He started at a 250w station, then worked at a 5kw station at Purdue University, and then for a 50kw station at the University of Michigan. While going to school there, his lab partner turned out to be an avid DXer and talked him into taking the Novice test. 

Then one day he went to the Detroit FCC field office to pick up some forms, and there he met Dick Cotton, W8DX, who gave him the General test. 

Around the same time, he found a transmitter to build in a handbook, and he still has it. It covers 80 to 10 meters, with a 6146 good for 50 watts out, and a relay to allow the cathodes to heat up before high voltage is turned on. John's CW key was hot because it opens and closes the cathode circuit. That's John holding the rig in the photo at right.

 John on making his first contact with it: "When I heard my call come back, I was so nervous that I couldn't send. I sent the calling station a QSL card anyway."

Lew Bradley, W4SWP:  In high school, one instructor said that anyone who builds a radio receiver that works would be exempt from the final exam, and six of us took him up on it."

"We lived in a small town in central Texas with one radio store run by a ham. For 25 cents each, he sold us old radios traded in for new ones. We dismantled them to build our own stuff. Since they were AM broadcast receivers, the coils and tuning capacitors, when re-assembled into tank circuits, still resonated in the AM broadcast band." 

"We built a few transmitters and receivers and began holding a net in the evenings - on the AM broadcast band. I used the microphone from a telephone, coupled to a type-45 tube final with a couple of turns of wire." 

"The neighbor of one of us became annoyed by the radio interference and reported us to the FCC. At the time, Frank Kratokvil* was head of the FCC office in Dallas. Frank and another FCC field officer drove out in their Black Maria monitoring vehicle to check the offending station out. While there, they took pictures of his illegal setup." 

"All of us were called out of class the next day and told to go to the Principal's office. There we were told about the fines we would be subjected to if we ever did it again; it scared the heck out of us. But since we had all built working receivers, we didn't have to take the final."

"Then World War II came along, and I joined the Air Force. After the war, I was stationed in California and decided to get a ham license. I took the test in 1947 in San Francisco, got the license, and started to build a rig out of spare parts readily available from the Navy station at Alameda. I didn't get to finish it because Marolyn and I were re-located to Guam. There, we moved into a house that had a pair of Hallicrafter BC-610s and other gear."

"When we got back to the states, we took up residence in Arlington, VA, where I finished that home-brew transmitter in 1952. It turned out to be a TVI generator. Fortunately, Ethel Smith, K4LMB, was head of the TVI Committee in Washington, DC, and I attended one of her seminars. That taught me how to fix it, and I got it working well on 20 and 10 meters."

*Frank Kratokvil later became a member of QCWA Chapter 91, and the chapter now holds his call, K4RE.

Ralph Albers, W4ER:  Ralph built a regenerative receiver that  did quite well also a transmitter, showing up on the neighbor's AM broadcast receiver. He was thrilled when he heard SW broadcasts from the BBC on 40m.

He built his first AM transmitter with an O1A tube as the oscillator and a 71A (?) as the final amp. He tuned it up with a flashlight bulb and called CQ to see if he was getting out. Since he didn't yet have a license, he needed a call sign, so spotting a tomato soup can, he used the call W9TOM. He was surprised when some guy in Indiana came back to him. He acknowledged the call and signed off real quick!

Jim Richey, AG4MA:  In high school, Jim and his friends had access to lots of war surplus gear. One time they found a transmitter from a Russian tank, cleaned it up, and put it on the air. He later got his ticket and built a transmitter with a 6L6 in the final. First time he called CQ, he listened but didn't hear anything at first, then he heard his callsign. At first, he thought some bootlegger was using it. Then he realized that he was being called!

Ray Johnson, K5RJ:  Licensed in 1955, Ray built a home-brewed transmitter with a 6AG7 oscillator and a 6L6 final. He used it to load lots of different "antennas": a water downspot, bed-springs, a wire hanging out of a window, etc. It was then that he learned that "Life is too short for QRP!"

Carol Cutchall, WA4GFW:  Carol got his commercial license first, and his ham license came later in 1962. Carol talked about operating on 6m… [The recorded audio wasn't good enough to get the story.]

Leila Cutchall, WN4PP:  Leila said "If Carol could do it, she could too" so she got her Novice license. At the time, they had 5 kids and were living in a trailer. She told about how they built Heathkits together: she read the instructions and handed over the next part to be inserted, and Carol did the soldering. When the 6th child came along, that was the end of ham radio for a while for her.

Byron Black, W4SSW:  Byron had friends in a dormitory who like to play poker and do ham radio. They had a transmitter with a pair of 807s in the final. The 850 vdc power supply consisted of a bunch of parts connected together and lying on a table. 

He told about building his own transmitter using parts out of an old Atwater-Kent receiver. He re-wound a filament transformer, one secondary turn at at time, until he got the right voltage out.

Ken Pinion, N4PK:  Ken built a crystal-controlled 6v6 oscillator driving a 6L6 final. He wound the tank coil using the cardboard tube from a roll of toilet paper. He discovered that he could turn a screw on the crystal to change its frequency a bit.  He put up a 30' guyed telescoping pole from which he hung an inverted-V fed with coax. He was excited to work a guy in Aruba.

Dave Wiesen, K2VX:  His first acquaintance with radio was when his father listened to Hitler's broadasts on short wave. In 1946, a friend gave him a crystal set to which he listened in bed until he fell asleep. Later, a relative who was a ham gave him a 2.5m transceiver that Dave converted to 2m by trimming an 1/8" off the coil and resoldering it. The tube was an acorn type, and the rig put out 1/4w. 

After getting his license, he tried out several receivers, and liked an SW3 the best. It worked great as long as you didn't have more than 10' of antenna lying on the floor. His transmitting antenna was an end-fed Zepp, 5' above the roof and fed with 300 ohm line. [What rig he was using on HF didn't get recorded.]

Nelson Seese, W4BHD: In high school, Nelson had two friends who boot-legged on 160m. To minimize the risk of getting caught, they ran low power and would only talk to each other.

His first transmitter was very similar to John Reiser's. Transmitting antenna was an end-fed Zepp fed with 300 ohm twin-lead. The last few feet hung vertically because of his short back yard. He soldered a neon bulb to the end of the antenna so he could lock the key down and look out the window to see if the antenna was radiating.

Frank Haynes, W4NUA: Had an old CW command set and a model 450 receiver to which he added a cascade amplifier to gain sensitivity. He later built a rig for 10 meters, and his first contact was a station in California.

Yes, I (KM4ML) told a story, but this article is too long already and mostly I just listened.  

Following the story-telling, Ray Johnson auctioned off a few items.


16 Feb 08: Liberty Ship John W. Brown tour

A story on the National Park Services website  http://www.nps.gov/  ,edited for conciseness, provides this:

image
The SS John W. Brown is a World War II cargo ship built by the U.S. Maritime Commission. Named for a labor leader who organized workers in shipyards, she was built in 41 days at the Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyard, Baltimore, Maryland, and was launched on Labor Day, 1942. She departed New York on her maiden voyage on September 29, carrying supplies to the Middle East. In 1943, she was converted to carry troops and later supported combat operations in the Mediterranean. She took part in troop landings at Sicily, Anzio, and southern France. After the war, she carried troops home.

In 1947, she was loaned as a training vessel to the City of New York and later put into storage with the reserve fleet on the James River in Virginia. A non-profit organization, Project Liberty Ship, took ownership and turned her into a sailable memorial to those who built and served on Liberty ships during WW2. She is one of two Liberty ships still operating:
the other is the S.S. Jeremiah O'Brien, based near Fisherman's Wharf, San Francisco. Both are designated as National Historic Landmarks.

According to our host for the tour, Tom Gibson, Project Liberty Ship has several thousand paid members, of whom several hundred take an active role in maintaining and operating her. One of Chapter 91's members, Ralph Albers, W4ER, and his wife Birdie, are active in the project. Ralph served on five different Liberty Ships during WW2 as a radio operator. Maritime radio licenses issued to Ralph and to Tom in the past are on display in the John Brown's radio room. Tom is also an amateur radio operator and holds the call W3DJ.

Photos from our tour can be seen in this photo album. Click on: http://homepage.mac.com/rrucker/PhotoAlbum103.html

During the winter, she is docked at a pier off Clinton Street in Baltimore, and this is where we toured her. From May to October, she makes "living history day cruises" out of a more passenger-friendly dock nearby. Chapter 91 members Byron Black, W4SSY, and Dick Rucker, KM4ML, have each taken the cruise and recommend it highly. A few photos from Dick's cruise last summer are included in the photo album to give a sense of what those fun day cruises are like. 

Her sailing schedule for 2008 and other interesting information on the John Brown are posted here. Click on:

19 Jan 08: Mike Steussy, AE4R + Annual Meeting

Our featured speaker at Neighbor's Restaurant in Vienna VA was Mike Steussy, AE4R. Mike is well-known locally as the program chairman for the Vienna Wireless Society (VWA) and a restorer of vintage ham equipment. 

Mike attended the Naval Academy in Annapolis MD, received an MSEE degree from the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey CA, and retired as a Lt. Cmdr. after 20 years. His Navy career ranged from sea duty on destroyers in the Pacific to R&D assignments ashore. He was a riverine warfare advisor in Vietnam, served in the Office of the Secretary of Defense, and worked as a contract-engineer after his military retirement.

Mike restores vintage gear for his own collection, does not do restorations for others, but he will advise and help others do their own . He proceeded to do just that for our benefit. 

Photos of Mike's extensive collection of vintage radios, the steps he took in restoring a Hallicrafters SX-100 receiver, as well as other photos from our January meeting can be found here:

Restoration involves acquiring the manual if missing, cleaning the unit carefully inside and out, doing any preventive maintenance needed, testing with power on, trouble-shooting, alignment as necessary, and configuring the rig for use on the air.

Recommended cleaning materials include: chemicals, a variety of small soft brushes, various towels including old T-shirts, a large plastic tub, and a vacuum cleaner with a blower port. His list of chemicals includes: dishwashing soap, ammonia or Windex, Simple Green, waterless grit-less hand-cleaner, and Caig De-Oxit spray.

He first cleans everything, removing the front panel if it can be done without damage, plus the knobs, tubes, and lamps. One must be careful with chemicals because some will quickly remove the paint, including valuable labels. 

Clear meter faces, dial bezels, and other windows usually clean well with Windex. He then cleans the case and power cord, always replacing the latter if it is not a 3-wire in good condition. 

He then replaces all components likely to be faulty: 
 •  electrolytic and paper tubular capacitors (especially "Black Beauties")
 •  resistors that look burnt or that measure out-of-tolerance
 •  tubes that test weak or defective
 •  lamps that don't work

He uses De-Oxit on all reachable contact points, applying it with a paper strip that can be moved across each contact.

Visual inspection includes looking for modifications made by previous owners, cold solder joints, tube sockets not making contact with tube pins, and looking for original wiring errors. Mike says he's found equipment wired incorrectly in manufacture!

For the initial power-on test, he puts an ordinary incandescent lamp in series with the power cord to drop the voltage and to provide a visual indication of continuity.

Trouble-shooting may include signal tracing and voltage measurements, usually comparing against the expected values cited in the manual. 

Receiver alignment may not be needed. If it is, proceed carefully as one can easily break something, and attempts at re-alignment can make performance worse.

Certain modifications may be desirable, such as replacing the power cord with a 3-wire and installing a small relay to unground the cold end of the RF gain control in order to mute the receiver. 

Where a receiver presents screw terminals, use a "pigtail" as the adapter
 •  to provide a phone or speaker jack for audio output, or
 •  to use an unbalanced antenna feed in place of a balanced one, use a TV-type balun as the pigtail.

Most vintage receivers have 4 & 8 ohm speakers and high impedance output for headphones, though a few used 500 to 600 ohm speakers. Some oldies use their electro-magnetic speaker as a filter choke.

CW transmitters sometimes have dangerous voltages on the key that need to be worked around. Some AM transmitters do not have a push-to-talk circuit, and most require a high-impedance mike.

Mike showed off a restored Hallicrafters SX-100 Mk 2 receiver probably manufactured in 1962, the last year of its production (1955-1962). It is a 14-tube, double-conversion superhet covering 0.538 to 1.58 MHz and 1.72 to 34.0 MHz in four bands, and retailed for around $300. 

Mike acquired his SX-100 in 2006. It appeared to have been little-used and spent most of its life on a shelf in a garage. The photos in the album summarize the story of its restoration:  http://homepage.mac.com/rrucker/PhotoAlbum102.html

Before we went home, we had our customary auction of odds-n-ends and our 30-30-30 raffle drawing.