From: "James G. Sack (jim)" I respectfully submit that some previous message contributors suffer from cultural parochialism. I don't want to single out any one person, since I believe that the affliction may be quite widespread, but a sample quote runs something like: > ...Only computers think in binary. I have 10 fingers and 10 toes so > I think in decimal numbers. ... If one can only suspend the conventional model implanted by years of institutional mathematics training, and objectively re-examine human architecture, it must be acknowledged that the canonical accumulating device for manual calculation is best represented by a hexadecimal base number system. Clearly, each hand has 4 binary digits ("bits") and of course, a carry flag (sometimes called half-carry, or even "thumb"). Other names for hand, used in various technical disciplines, are "half-adder" or "nibble". With a standard complement of two hands, you can count to FF (255, decimal). For reasons, unknown to me, the 2-handed unit has come to be called a "byte". By pressing other appendages into service, one may further extend the counting limit to FFFF (65535, decimal). There seems to some disagreement on what to call the storage unit formed by combining hands and feet. One sees word, short, and even in times past, int. Would anybody care to vote for "fourhand"? Arguably, one could insist that everything can ALWAYS be broken down into fingers (or "bits"). In fact, I AGREE that bit IS more fundamental than hand (which explains why computers, which can only "think" in the simplest sense of the term, make heavy use of the binary number system). However, it is my observation that humans, prefer a higher level of abstraction. Incidentally, there is no truth to the ugly notion (advanced by kernel-hackers, no doubt) that most humans use names such as "thirteen" instead of "1101" simply because they are slow-witted. I know that I have no trouble equating "index-finger + ring-finger + pinky" with "thirteen" (or hex D), and the shorter representation certainly greatly aids human communication and conceptualization. Despite the convenient practice of using shorthand names for various handful-multiples -- namely, 2-hand units, 4-hand units, and even 8- or 16-hand units (8,16,32,64 bits, respectively), most would agree that the hexadecimal "hand" is the natural chunk-size for human reasoning and communication. I trust that these clarifying observations will reduce the message clutter rooted in the cultural attachment to the artificial and messy decimal system!