Lydford Norman Ringwork
Also known as, or recorded in historical
documents as; The Fort
In the civil parish of Lydford.
In the historic county of Devon (Modern Authority of Devon, 1974 county of Devon).
Lydford Norman Earthworks are thought to be the remains of a Norman castle or fort, consisting of a half ringwork. It is believed to have been erected after 1066 and occupied for a short period before being abandoned, probably by the late 12th century when Lydford Castle, to the north east, was built. It is located on the south west edge of the town, within the defences of the Anglo-Saxon burh of Lydford (see associated record). It is defended on two sides by steep ravines and on the third by a rubble rampart/bank and (partly) rock-cut ditch. The rampart is crescent-shaped in plan, running a length of 55 metres. The earth bank is up to 25 metres thick and stands up to 5 metres high from the base of the ditch. The external ditch is on average 3 metres deep and has well-defined, partly rock-cut sides. At the centre of the earthwork, a narrow bank crosses the base of the ditch and there is an indentation near the summit of the bank. This could possibly have been the position of a feature such as a timber causeway entrance, although this is uncertain. The interior of the ringwork is level. A transect was cut across the bank and ditch of the ringwork, and part of the interior excavated in 1963. This revealed the burnt out remains of five timber and earth buildings set close together behind the rampart, their inward facing ends being flanked by deeply set, rough stone paving. The buildings were rectangular in plan, subdivided internally and had earth, clay or shillet [slate] walls, which were faced externally with wattle woven round posts. They measured 8 to 12 feet wide and 24 to 25 feet long. The rampart was found to have been revetted internally with massive timber posts. The finds from the excavation included 11th-early 12th century pottery, a coin of the first issue of Stephen and nearly 300 kilograms of charred grain. (PastScape)
This site is a scheduled
monument protected by law.
The Ordnance Survey Map Grid Reference is SX50828470
This site's English Heritage (PastScape) Defra or Monument number is
440695
Further information may be available from the holder of the county Historic Environment Record. In particular 'grey' literature, such as watching brief reports, held by H.E.R.s
is often poorly referenced and is unlikely to be recorded in this website, or elsewhere.
- Web site links
- Books
- Higham, Robert A., 1999, 'Castles, Fortified Houses and Fortified Towns in the Middle Ages' in Kain, R. and Ravenhill, W., Historical Atlas of South-West England (University of Exeter Press) p136-43
Salter, Mike, 1999, The Castles of Devon and Cornwall (Malvern) p70-2
Pettifer, A., 1995, English Castles, A guide by counties (Woodbridge) p59-60
Higham, R. and Barker, P., 1992, Timber Castles (Batsford) p277, 279
Drage, C., 1987, 'Urban castles' in Schofield, J. and Leech, R. (eds) Urban Archaeology in Britain (CBA Research Report) p117-32
King, D.J.C., 1983, Castellarium Anglicanum (London: Kraus) Vol1 p117
Fry, P.S., 1980, Castles of the British Isles (David and Charles) p258
Renn, D.F., 1973 (2edn), Norman Castles of Britain (John Baker)
Wall, C., 1906, in Page, Wm (ed), 'Ancient Earthworks' VCH Devon Vol1 p619 [a misleading account]
- Journal Articles
- Higham, R.A., 1988, 'Devon Castles: an annotated list' Proceedings of the Devon Archaeological Society Vol46 p142-9
Higham, R.A., 1982, 'Early Castles in Devon' Château Gaillard Vol9-10 p101-116
Addyman, P.V. in Wilson, D.M. and Hurst, D.G.(eds), 1967, 'Medieval Britain in 1966: I Pre-Conquest' Medieval Archaeology Vol11 p263 [downloadable via http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/resources.html?medarch]
King, D.J.C. and Alcock, L., 1969, 'Ringworks in England and Wales' Château Gaillard Vol3 p90-127
Addyman, P.V. in Wilson, D.M. and Hurst, D.G.(eds), 1966, 'Medieval Britain in 1965: II Post-conquest' Medieval Archaeology Vol10 p196-7 [Plan] [downloadable via http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/resources.html?medarch]
Addyman, P.V. in Wilson, D.M. and Hurst, D.G.(eds), 1965, 'Medieval Britain in 1964. II. Post-Conquest' Medieval Archaeology Vol9 p170-1, 194 [downloadable via http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/resources.html?medarch]
Renn, D.F., 1959, 'Mottes: a classification' Antiquity Vol33 p106-12
- Guidebooks
- Saunders, A.D., 1982 (2edn), Lydford: Saxon Town and Castle (HMSO)
- Other sources, 'grey' literature, unpublished works, etc. (Theses, in-house reports and other such)
- Newman, P., 2000, The Town and Castles Earthworks at Lydford, Devon (English Heritage Survey Report)
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