Home | Books | Links
| Fortifications and Castles | Other
Information | Help | Downloads
| Author Information | Contact
Bridgwater Castle
Also known as, or recorded in historical
documents as; Bridgewater; Brugewaltii
In the civil parish of Bridgwater.
In the historic county of Somerset (Modern Authority of Somerset, 1974 county of Somerset).
Castle, built in 1202 by William de Briwere. It passed to the king in 1233 and in 1245 repairs were ordered to its motte and towers. It was mostly destroyed by Parliamentarian forces in 1645. The site was identified by excavation, and the course of the moat is visible in the cellars of nearby buildings. The only surviving remains of the castle that can be identified with certainty are the Water Gate and the remains of the curtain wall on either side of it, the latter now incorporated in the walls of modern buildings. (PastScape)
The only surviving remains of the Castle that can be identified with certainty are the Water Gate (ST 23 NE 55 at ST 2988 3721, see GP AO/64/270/3) and the remains of the Curtain Wall on either side of it; the latter now incorporated in the party walls of modern buildings. The fragment of wall, shown by the OS at ST 29883722 (see GP AO/64/269/8), corresponds with the corner of the 'Castle Garden' shown on a plan of 1777(6), and is unlikely to have been part of the curtain wall. A moat shown in the 18th century along the northern perimeter of the Castle grounds (6) (8) no longer survives, but it joined North Gate and seems to have been part of the Town Ditch (ST 23 NE 20). It is possible that the Town and the Castle defences were coincident at this point. The ruined keep shown on 18th century maps and prints at ST 29873717, in what is now the south-east corner of King Square. See 1:2500 map diagram and AO/64/274/2-4 and 8. (6-9) In 1972 a trench in Castle Street, ST 298371, showed footings of a slight stone wall inside the castle court-yard; 16th-17th century pottery was found. Excavation in May & Hassels Yard, ST 298373, on the north side of King Square, showed that the castle's curtain wall had been almost entirely removed; below its foundation level were at least 2 periods of bank with 14th century pottery, over-lying an occupation area with post-holes and 13th-14th century pottery; The moat was found to have been 22m wide and 8m deep. Excavation at the back of Westminster Bank, ST 297371, revealed a depression 6m deep and over 8m wide, which could have been the moat. (PastScape–ref. Langdon, 1972)
Excavations have identified the site of the castle and its moat. The moat was found to be at least 4m wide, 3m deep and backfilled in the C 18. A sluice barrier or weir possibly forming a bridge across the eastern end of the moat is present and was constructed at the same time as the castle. Parts of the north curtain wall and the northeast corner tower have been identified and excavated. The tower was 12m in diameter. The course of the curtain wall is reflected within the c 18 street layout, on the south side - along Queen Street and to the north Chandos Street. Observations in the C 19 and C 20 between Fore Street and Queen Street suggest the presence of the moat, as does the drop in the level south of Queen Street. the curtain wall and moat are seperated by a 6m berm. Burials were located west of the tower, situated within the berm (ST 23 NE 66). The presence of the circular tower dates construction of the castle to the first quarter of the C 13. The castle probably had an inner and outer bailey with a gatehouse keep. A map of 1777 shows two circular towers marked as castle ruins, another map c 1730 shows a gatehouse keep. Documentary evidence indicates that the castle enclosure contained Mortemere's Hall, a camera, belltower, dovecote, stable and kitchen. The castle was taken during the Civil War in 1645 and later dismantled. (PastScape–ref. Aston and Leech, 1977; Ellis, 1985 and Croft 1988)
A Royal licence
to crenellate was
granted in 1200 June 6.
This is a
Grade 2* listed
building protected by law*. (Images
of England number 374023)
The Ordnance Survey Map Grid Reference is ST29873717
This site's English Heritage (PastScape) Defra or Monument number is
190958; 191046
This site's County Historic Environment Record (formerly
Sites and Monuments Record) number is 12419; 11839 and others 'grey' literature, such as watching brief reports, held by H.E.R.s
is often poorly referenced and is unlikely to be recorded in this website.
- Web site links
- Books
- Prior, Stuart, 2006, A Few Well-Positioned Castles: The Norman Art of War (Tempus) p68-109
Salter, Mike, 2002, The Castles of Wessex (Malvern) p69
Dunning, Robert, 1995, Somerset Castles (Somerset Books) p14[plan] p28-30
Pettifer, A., 1995, English Castles, A guide by counties (Woodbridge) p225 [slight]
Dunning, R.W. (ed), 1992, VCH Somerset Vol6 p206-7 http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=18641
King, D.J.C., 1983, Castellarium Anglicanum (London: Kraus) Vol2 p441
Fry, P.S., 1980, Castles of the British Isles (David and Charles) p194
Michael Aston and Roger Leech, 1977, Historic towns in Somerset Vol2 p13-17
Renn, D.F., 1973 (2edn), Norman Castles of Britain (John Baker)
Colvin, H.M., Brown, R.Allen and Taylor, A.J., 1963, The history of the King's Works Vol2: the Middle Ages (London: HMSO) p576
Harvey, Alfred, 1911, Castles and Walled Towns of England (Methuen and Co)
Greswell, 1907, in Powell, Ancient Borough of Bridgwater (Bridgwater) p43-60
Mackenzie, J.D., 1897, Castles of England (Heinemann) Vol2 p45-7
Timbs, J. and Gunn, A., 1872, Abbeys, Castles and Ancient Halls of England and Wales Vol1 (London) p558
- Journal Articles
- Sidaway, Chris, 1991, 'Bridgwater Castle, West Quay' Somerset Archaeology and Natural History Vol135 p169-170
Croft, R.A., 1988, 'Somerset Archaeology 1988' Somerset Archaeology and Natural History Vol132 p225
Ellis, P., 1985, 'Excavations at Friarn Street and West Quay' Somerset Archaeology and Natural History Vol129 p74-80
1977, 'West Quay 1973' Somerset Archaeology and Natural History Vol121 p101-5
Aston, M. (ed), 1976, Somerset Archaeology 1974-75 Somerset Archaeology and Natural History Vol120 p73
Langdon, M., 1972, CBA: Group 12 (Wessex) and Group 13 (South West): Archaeological review Vol7 p57
Brown, R, Allen, 1959, 'A List of Castles, 11541216' English Historical Review Vol74 p249-280 [Reprinted in Brown, R. Allen, 1989, Castles, conquest and charters: collected papers (Woodbridge: Boydell Press) p90-121] http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0013-8266%28195904%2974%3A291%3C249%3AALOC1%3E2.0.CO%3B2-P
Dilks, T.B., 1940, 'Bridgwater Castle and demesne' Somerset Archaeology and Natural History Vol86 p96-105
Parker, G., 1877, Somerset Archaeology and Natural History Vol23 p33-5, 46-7
1856, Journal of the British Archaeological Association Vol12 p377
- Primary (Medieval documents or transcriptions of such documents
- This section is far from complete and the secondary
sources should be consulted for full references.)
- Rickard, John, 2002, The Castle Community. The Personnel of English and Welsh Castles, 1272-1422 (Boydell Press) [lists sources for 1272-1422] p426-7
- Antiquarian (Histories and accounts from late medieval and early modern writers)
- Other sources, 'grey' literature, unpublished works, etc. (Theses, in-house reports and other such)
Most of the sites or buildings
recorded in this web site are NOT open to the public
and permission to visit a site must always be sought from the landowner
or tenant. |
The information on this web page
may be derived from information compiled by and/or copyright of English
Heritage and other individuals and organisations. All the sources
given should be consulted to identify the original copyright holder
and permission obtained from them before use of the information
on this site for commercial purposes. I do
not receive any income from this site and I fund it myself.
The bibliography owes much to various bibliographies produced by
John Kenyon for the Council
for British Archaeology, the Castle Studies Group and others.
|
It is an offence to disturb a
Scheduled Monument without consent. It is a destruction of
everyone's heritage to remove archaeological evidence from any site
without proper recording and reporting. Don't use metal detectors on historic sites without authorisation. |
Please help me to make this as
useful a resource as possible by contacting
me if you see errors
or if you can add information.
I do acknowledge the help I get with
this site. |
*The listed building
may not be the actual medieval building, but a building on the site
of, or incorporating fragments of, the described site.
|
¤¤¤¤¤