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Polruan Blockhouse
Also known as, or recorded in historical
documents as; Polruan Castle
In the civil parish of Lanteglos.
In the historic county of Cornwall (Modern Authority of Cornwall, 1974 county of Cornwall).
A chain tower known as Polruan Blockhouse on the south coast of mid-Cornwall. The chain tower survives as a two storied rectangular building constructed on a low rocky promontory which juts out into the River Fowey, and is located opposite another chain tower known as Fowey Blockhouse (qv). The structure is roofless and is constructed of the local slate stone with moulded granite surrounds to some windows, gun ports and the main entrance. The chain tower was probably built in response to a raid on the town of Fowey by the French in 1457. Leland, travelling in the 16th century, states that the towers were built during the reign of Edward IV (1461-1483). Polruan Blockhouse was also equipped for use with guns, there being 2 gunports. The two chain towers were designed to have a chain laid across the river between them which could be raised to prevent enemy shipping reaching the town of Fowey. Advances in artillery made the tower obselete and it was superseded by St Catherine's Castle in the 1520s, on the opposite side of the river. The tower was reused during the Civil War. In 1644 the Parliamentarians were being forced to retreat down the Fowey peninsula and were hoping to escape from Fowey by ship, however the Royalists seized and held Polruan Blockhouse, so giving them control over shipping entering or leaving Fowey. (PastScape)
Blockhouse, now maintained ruin, erected circa 1540 and last used in 1666. One of Henry VIII's forts erected to guard the entrance to Fowey River and was linked by a large chain with a similar blockhouse on the Fowey side. Rubble stone with ashlar dressings. Floors and roof now gone. Square in plan. 3 storeys. Entrance on south-east near centre. Chamfered round-headed arch. Small rectangular loop embrasure to the right and 3 above. Oversailing parapet remains on south corner. Small rectangular embrasures on other faces with 2 stone mullioned windows on the north-east and a musket-loop on the north-west. Remains of stone newel stairs on the east and south with steps up from the headland on the west. Remains of fireplace and slate lintel on the first floor. Owned by Polruan Town Trust. (Images of England)
This site is a scheduled
monument protected by law. This is a
Grade 2* listed
building protected by law*. (Images
of England number 60592)
The Ordnance Survey Map Grid Reference is SX12335108
This site's English Heritage (PastScape) Defra or Monument number is
1315213
Further information may be available from the holder of the county Historic Environment Record. In particular 'grey' literature, such as watching brief reports, held by H.E.R.s
is often poorly referenced and is unlikely to be recorded in this website, or elsewhere.
- Web site links
- Books
- Salter, Mike, 1999, The Castles of Devon and Cornwall (Malvern) p31
Saunders, Andrew, 1997, Channel Defences (London; Batsford/English Heritage) p117
Pettifer, A., 1995, English Castles, A guide by counties (Woodbridge) p20
King, D.J.C., 1983, Castellarium Anglicanum (London: Kraus) Vol1 p75
Oman, Charles W.C., 1926, Castles (1978 edn Beetham House: New York) p112 [a confusing passage]
Mackenzie, J.D., 1897, Castles of England (Heinemann) Vol2 p3
Lysons, D. and S., 1814, Magna Britannia Vol3 Cornwall [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/source.asp?pubid=403]
Buck, Samuel and Nathenial, 1774, Bucks Antiquities (London) Vol1 p23
Grose, F., 1756, Antiquities of England and Wales Vol8 p16-21
- Journal Articles
- Kenyon, J.R., 1981 'Early Artillery Fortifications in England and Wales: a Preliminary Survey and Re-appraisal' Archaeological Journal Vol138 p215
- Antiquarian (Histories and accounts from late medieval and early modern writers)
- Chandler, John, 1993, John Leland's Itinerary: travels in Tudor England (Sutton Publishing) p77, 80, 86
Most of the sites or buildings
recorded in this web site are NOT open to the public
and permission to visit a site must always be sought from the landowner
or tenant. |
The information on this web page
may be derived from information compiled by and/or copyright of English
Heritage and other individuals and organisations. All the sources
given should be consulted to identify the original copyright holder
and permission obtained from them before use of the information
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not receive any income from this site and I fund it myself.
The bibliography owes much to various bibliographies produced by
John Kenyon for the Council
for British Archaeology, the Castle Studies Group and others.
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*The listed building
may not be the actual medieval building, but a building on the site
of, or incorporating fragments of, the described site.
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