The World of Pompeii (Routledge, July 2007)
John J. Dobbins and Pedar W. Foss, eds
* Back to the World of Pompeii page
MARGINALIA (supplementary teaching and reference material)
by Pedar W. Foss and Sarah E. Craft
This page contains a series of links to web-pages or references to additional resources that elaborate or illustrate points in the text, organized by chapter and page number. For an immensely complex site such as Pompeii, one of the trickiest things is to find out the source for a particular piece of evidence. While it is impossible to illustrate every point in a chapter, by keying as many points as possible in chapters to external resources, a much fuller and more richly-drawn picture may emerge for the reader who wishes to explore, especially regarding lesser-known sites, structures and works of art. It does not tend to link to topics that should be sufficiently covered within the volume. It is all on one 'page' to assist searches, and permit convenient download (note the proper citation format below). Besides the addenda, corrigenda for the volume are also included here, and placeholders for desiderata are indicated by 'xxxxxxxxx'. If the same source is cited more than once in the same chapter, a cross-reference is made; citations of the same source in different chapters are repeated.
This page simply links to documents, illustrations and publications already available -- it makes no claim of copyright on any of that material unless specifically noted for items generated by the editors or individual chapter authors. Additionally, the compiler of this resource (P. Foss) does not vouch for the reliability and accuracy of information at each external location, as web-sites constantly change, though he has tried to choose the best, most scholarly resources available at the time. He attempts to avoid, if possible, sites whose authors are not specified, or use pseudonyms. He does not link to sites that sell antiquities. Finally, several references are given to: A. E. Cooley and M. G. L. Cooley, Pompeii. A Sourcebook, London, 2004, a useful compilation of primary sources, using the short title: Cooley Sourcebook, followed by the reference number used in that book.
Additions or corrections may be sent to: pfoss@depauw.edu. The format for citing this web-page should be: Pedar W. Foss and Sarah E. Craft, "Marginalia for Dobbins' and Foss' The World of Pompeii," http://homepage.mac.com/pfoss/Pompeii/WorldOfPompeii/links.html (date stamp). This site is under development. The date stamp for this, most current, version is:
09-Jul-2008 11:36
.
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Preface John J. Dobbins and Pedar W. Foss
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I. Beginnings
Ch. 1: An orientation to the cities and countryside Pietro Giovanni Guzzo
- p.3: At the time of publication, Prof. Guzzo is the head of The Soprintendenza Archeologica di Pompeii: http://www2.pompeiisites.org/
- p.3: Livy's mention of Pompeii during the Samnite Wars (9.38.2-3), in Latin and English: http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Liv.+9.38.1; Cooley Sourcebook A7.
- p.3: The Samnite Wars are summarized here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samnite_Wars
- p.3: Strabo's description of Pompeii and Herulaneum (5.4.8), in English: http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Strabo/5D*.html; Cooley Sourcebook A5.
- p.3: The necropolis at Santa Maria delle Grazie is discussed and party illustrated in this document from the Centro Culturale di Gragnano about Gragnano and the Ager Stabianus (in Italian): http://www.centroculturalegragnano.it/frame_12/libro%20gragnano.pdf
- p.3: Pliny the Elder's mention of the Petra Herculis (32.17), in Latin (mis-filed under section 32.VII) and English: http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plin.+Nat.+32.8. Note: there are two different pagination schemes for Pliny's Historia Naturalis; 32.17 = 32.VIII.
- p.4: On the "Stabian bridge", see the Oscan inscription concerned with road-building in Cooley Sourcebook A8.
- p.4: On the pagus Augustus felix suburbanus cited in CIL X, 853, 814, 924, 1042, 1027, see Cooley Sourcebook D1, D70, F97-99.
- p.5: Some fresco details from the Villa Carmiano can be viewed at the Restoring Ancient Stabiae Site: http://stabiae.org/usa/index2.html. Select 'Photo Library' in the left-hand menu, and then 'V. Carmiano' from the drop-down menu at upper right. Press 'GO'.
- p.5: Materials from the Terzigno site have been touring in the 'Pompeii: Stories from an eruption' exhibit. See: http://www.fieldmuseum.org/pompeii/terzigno.asp.
- p.5: The Villa Regina at Boscoreale: http://www2.pompeiisites.org/database/pompei/pompei2.nsf/b4604a8b566ce010c125684d00471e00/4d5aea483ea7e71ac1256aeb0029f227!OpenDocument; see also: http://www.pompeiiinpictures.com/pompeiiinpictures/RV/villa%20regina%20boscoreale%20p1.htm.
- p.5: Third-Style Egyptian motifs from "The Black Room" (15) if the Villa of Agrippa Postumus at Boscrotrecase: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/bsco/ho_20.192.1-.3.htm (browse "Alternate Views"); also from "tablinum" (2) in the Villa of the Mysteries: http://www.servius.org/Pompeii/pages/051112_0869LM.htm; http://www.servius.org/Pompeii/pages/051112_0861LM.htm; http://www.servius.org/Pompeii/pages/051112_0862LM.htm;
- pp 4-6: A summary of the Ager Pompeianus from the Soprintendenza site, with brief mentions of the sanctuaries at fondo Iozzino and S. Abbondio, and a link at the bottom to an annotated list of villas: http://www2.pompeiisites.org/database/pompei/pompei2.nsf/pagine/C821ED298858E575C1256ABB00359F41?OpenDocument.
- p.6: The Villa of the Papyri ("of the Pisones") at Herculaneum. For the papyri, see: http://www.herculaneum.ox.ac.uk/; for art in the Naples Museum, see: http://www.servius.org/Herculanum/ (index pages 1-4); for conservation of the site, see: http://www.herculaneum.org/.
- p.6: The Villa at Oplontis: http://www.indiana.edu/~leach/c409/oplan.html (clickable plan with images); http://www.servius.org/Oplontis/ (dozens of fine photos); http://www2.pompeiisites.org/database/pompei/pompei2.nsf/pagine/DAD8A554C8DAB05FC1256AD40044B2A2?OpenDocument (History of Excavations at Oplontis).
- p.6: For the Villa San Marco at Stabiae and other Stabiae villas, see: the Restoring Ancient Stabiae Site: http://stabiae.org/usa/index2.html and http://www.servius.org/Stabiae/
- p.6: The Contrada Sora Villa at Torre del Greco: http://www.vesuvioweb.com/new/article.php3?id_article=89&var_recherche=sora (click on the 'capitolo' pictures at the bottom to access PDF reports; in Italian), and its relief of Orpheus and Eurydice: http://www.culturacampania.rai.it/site/en-GB/Cultural_Heritage/Museums/Scheda/Main_works/works/napoli_archeologico_orfeo_ed_euridice_.html?UrlScheda=napoli_archeologico; http://www.vesuvioweb.com/new/article.php3?id_article=212. Two small images of statues from the Contrada Sora Villa in the Antonio Salinas Museum in Palermo: http://www.regione.sicilia.it/beniculturali/dirbenicult/musei/musei2/engsalinas.htm. Detailed views can be found at: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:DSC00217_-_Satiro_versante_-_Da_Prassitele_-370-60_aC-_-_Copia_romana.jpg (the satyr) and http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Palermo-Museo-Archeologico-bjs-08.jpg (Hercules and the stag).
- For more on villas, see ch. 28; for more on the Villa of the Papyri, see ch. 27.
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Ch. 2: History and historical sources J.-P. Descoeudres
- Written sources for Pompeii and Herculaneum: xxxxxxxxx
- p.9: Sources on the earthquake of AD 62; Seneca, QNat 6.1.1-3 and 6.26.3-27.1, in Latin: http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/sen/sen.qn6.shtml; in English: http://www.ancienthistoryhelper.com.au/pompeii/tasks/seneca.htm (requires registration and password); Cooley Sourcebook C1 Tacitus, Ann. 15.22, in Latin and English: http://www.geocities.com/ckieffe/Annales15Main.html.
- p.9: Sources on the AD 79 eruption; Pliny's letters: http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0139 (Latin); 6.16, 6.20, Latin and English, transl. by Cynthia Damon of Amherst College: xxxxxxxxx; other translations of Pliny's letters: http://ancienthistory.about.com/library/bl/bl_text_plinyltrs1.htm; http://www.vroma.org/~hwalker/Pliny/PlinyTopics.html; http://www.fordham.edu/HALSALL/ANCIENT/pliny-letters.html. Cassius Dio (66.21, 22, 24, in English): http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/66*.html
- p.9: Strabo's description of Pompeii and Herulaneum (5.4.8), in English: http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Strabo/5D*.html; Cooley Sourcebook A5; Pliny the Elder on the Pompeian population (HN 3.60-62, in Latin): http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Pliny_the_Elder/3*.html; Cooley Sourcebook A6
- p.10: Livy's mention of Pompeii during the Samnite Wars (9.38.2-3), in Latin and English: http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Liv.+9.38.1; Cooley Sourcebook A7; Tacitus on the amphitheater riot (Ann 14.17, in Latin and English): http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Tac.+Ann.+14.17. For the painting depicting the riot from House I.3.23, west wall of the court, see: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=112222.
- p.10 Inscription on the ramp of the Temple of Dionysus at S. Abbondio: Cooley Sourcebook A17.
- p.10: Pompeii amphitheater inscription (CIL X, 852): http://www.kadavy.net/pompeii.jpg. For assorted epigraphy at Pompeii: http://www.csun.edu/%7Ehcfll004/pompinsc.html.
- p.10: For examples of graffiti (scratched messages) and dipinti (painted messages) at Pompeii: http://www.orbilat.com/Languages/Latin_Vulgar/Texts/Pompeii_Graffiti.html; http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/pompeii-inscriptions.html; http://www.utexas.edu/courses/romanciv/30222housesimages.htm (illustrations).
- p.11: Polybios' description of the sack of Corinth by Mummius, in English: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/polybius-corinth146.html
- p.11: For a 360-degree view of the Temple of Apollo: http://hitchcock.itc.virginia.edu/Pompeii/; choose 'Map of Pompeii with Panoramic Images', click on the blue Forum area, and then the red arrow at the center of the Temple on the west side of the Forum.
- p.11: For 'cave canem' mosaics: http://faculty.maxwell.syr.edu/gaddis/HST210/Aug28/Cave%20Canem.jpg (House of the Tragic Poet VI.8.5); http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Cave_canem.JPG (Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli [MANN]); http://www.dogsofpompeii.com/gallery.php?gazpart=view&gazimage=394 (House of Paquius Proculus I.7.1); http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/paula_chabot/clc/pcclc.03.jpg The House of Caecilius Iucundus (V.1.26).
- p.12: For the 'HAVE' mosaic in the pavement at the entrance to the House of the Faun: http://pompeya.desdeinter.net/cfauno01.htm; http://www.flickr.com/photos/74745547@N00/464815225/in/photostream/; http://www.flickr.com/photos/74745547@N00/464805544/in/photostream/.
- p.12: For a possible portrait of Caecilius Icundus, see Figures 36.11a-b. For drawings and a brief discussion of Caecilius Iucundus' tablets: xxxxxxxxx. For comparison with writing tablets found at Vindolanda fort along Hadrian's Wall in Britain: http://vindolanda.csad.ox.ac.uk/, and tablets elsewhere in the Roman world: http://vindolanda.csad.ox.ac.uk/tablets/TVI-2-2.shtml.
- p.12: For the Murecine tablets of the Sulpicii from Puteoli (in English), see these reports by G. Rowe: http://www.unine.ch/antic/RoweFNSRS.htm; a picture of one of the tablets is at this page: http://www2.pompeiisites.org/database/pompei/pompei2.nsf/pagine/81B4237D7D832A67C1256AEB0029D7CD?OpenDocument; additional bibliography: Jones, D., The bankers of Puteoli: Finance, trade and industry in the Roman world, Tempus, 2006.
- p.12: For the volcanic environment, see ch. 4. For town planning, see chapters 5, 7, 9-11.
- p.12: For primary sources on Hannibal's attack on Nuceria in 216 BC: http://www.attalus.org/bc3/year216.html, no. 39. At house VI.15.5 in Pompeii was found a terracotta elephant carrying a tower, perhaps a memento of that conflict: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=124845.
- p.13: For houses built over the city walls, see ch. 26. For construction materials and techniques, and arguments about chronology, see chs. 7, 8 (incl. Appendix), 18, 24. For public architecture, see chs. 6, 9, 12-16; for private architecture, see chs. 17-18, 23-30. For architectural decoration, see chs. 20-22. For instrumentum domesticum, see ch. 19.
- p.14: For the development of stratigraphic excavations, see chs 3, 39; for an example of one, see ch. 25. For skeletal studies, see ch. 38. For the natural environment, see ch. 31; for the economy, see chs. 29, 32.
- p.14: For Pliny the Elder on Pompeian wine (HN 14.70, in Latin): http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Pliny_the_Elder/14*.html.
- p.14: Etruscan bucchero: http://www.smu.edu/poggio/bucchero_gregwarden.html; Etruscan language: http://www.museum.upenn.edu/new/worlds_intertwined/etruscan/language.shtml.
- p.15: For early Pompeii and its sanctuaries, see chs. 5-6.
- p.15: For Heiron I of Syracuse defeating the Etruscans at Cumae (off the northwest corner of the Bay of Naples) in 474 BC: Diodorus Siculus 11.51.1 (English): http://books.google.com/books?id=agd-eLVNRMMC&printsec=titlepage#PRA2-PA401,M1 (p.401); the victory poem of Pindar, Pythian 1: http://www.udallas.edu/classics/resources/Pindar1.htm (Greek); for an inscribed Etruscan helmet dedicated by Hieron at Olympia from that battle, see the description and image at: http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/gr/b/bronze_helmet_with_an_inscript.aspx.
- p.15: For the Samnites: http://xoomer.alice.it/davmonac/sanniti/indexen.html; a map of Samnium: http://www.unc.edu/awmc/awmcmap24.html.
- p.15: The terminology of socius; see the entry for socii: http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-dgra/1057.html.
- p.15: The Social Wars: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_War_%2891–88_BC%29; see also this map: http://www.unc.edu/awmc/awmcmap32.html.
- pp.15-16: Lucius Cornelius Sulla: http://web.mac.com/heraklia/Caesar/contemporaries/sulla/index.html and Plutarch's Life of Sulla: http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Plutarch/Lives/Sulla*.html; Publius Cornelius Sulla: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publius_Cornelius_Sulla.
- p.16: Map of Sullan colonies in Italy: http://www.unc.edu/awmc/awmcmap33.html.
- p.16: For changes to the townscape in the Roman colonial period at Pompeii, see chs. 9-10, 12-15, 26.
- p.16: For a picture of the Valgus inscription (CIL X, 852): http://www.kadavy.net/pompeii.jpg; for Cicero's mention of a Valgus in Leg. Agr. 3 (Latin): http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/cicero/legagr3.shtml.
- p.16: For Augustus Caesar: Article by G. Fagan (Pennsylvania State University) for De Imperatoribus Romanis: http://www.roman-emperors.org/auggie.htm; J.P. Adam's list of links and primary sources at California State University at Northridge, http://www.csun.edu/~hcfll004/histlink.html#Augustus; The Res Gestae Divi Augusti (trilingual), http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Augustus/Res_Gestae/home.html
- p.17: For the inscription of M. Tullius (CIL X, 820): http://www.noctes-gallicanae.org/Pompeii/inscriptions_peintes.htm (scroll down; translations and commentary in French)
- p.17: For Nero: http://www.roman-emperors.org/nero.htm; for Agrippina the Younger (his mother): http://www.roman-emperors.org/aggieii.htm; the period of their "concord" is between AD 54-55, when both appear on imperial coinage: http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/indexcoins_hunterian.html. Her influence is then supplanted, and Nero has her killed in AD 59.
- p.17: For the Eumachia Edifice: From the Pompeii Forum Project, an interactive map with photographs, http://pompeii.virginia.edu/eummap.html; Discussion, photographs of the two inscriptions: http://www.cnr.edu/home/araia/Eumachia.html; also for the inscriptions, including the base of Romulus' statue, with English translations: xxxxxxxxx.
- p.17: For the Ara Pietatis in Rome: Lantern slides of the "three poets" relief, http://www.brynmawr.edu/Admins/DMVRC/lanterns/romealtar.html; Torelli's hypothetical reconstruction of the arrangement of reliefs: xxxxxxxxx.
- p.17: For Livia, see: http://www.vroma.org/~bmcmanus/livia.html and http://www.roman-emperors.org/livia.htm; for the Porticus Liviae: http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/PLATOP*/Porticus_Liviae.html (description and references from Platner and Ashby's Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome; the building is not extant);
- p.18: The Serino aqueduct that led to Misenum, where water was stored in the Piscina Mirabilis and other reservoirs: the aqueduct, with maps of its course, http://www.cs.uu.nl/~wilke/aquasite/serino/index.html;
- p.18: The Roman naval base at Misenum: The base and its water sources (heavily illustrated, in Italian), http://digilander.libero.it/agenziagiornalisti/feedback.htm;
- p.18: The riot in AD 59 between Pompeians and Nucerians (Tacitus, Ann. 14.17): see above, p.10.
- p.18: The earthquake of AD 62: see above, p.9
- p.18: For an assessment of the effect of reconstruction from the AD 62 earthquake (and perhaps subsequent tremors) on life throughout the town, see Michael Anderson's work, summarized in the 2007 AIA meetings abstract "Disruption or Continuity? The Spatio-Visual Evidence of Post Earthquake Pompeii": http://www.archaeological.org/webinfo.php?page=10248&searchtype=abstract&ytable=2007&sessionid=3D&paperid=1054
- p.18: Comparative historical earthquakes: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/world/most_destructive.php; the 1908 Messina quake (illustrated): http://www.grifasi-sicilia.com/messina_terremoto_1908_gbr.html; the 1755 Lisbon quake (illustrated): http://nisee.berkeley.edu/lisbon/
- p.18: The earthquake in Naples in AD 64 and Nero's visit (Tacitus, Ann. 15.34): http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Tac.+Ann.+15.34 (Latin; English also available).
- p.19: For Nero and Poppaea's visit to the Bay of Naples, see also Suetonius, Nero 20: http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Nero*.html (in Latin; click on the flags at top for other languages); for coins from the University of Saskatchewan showing Nero and his wife Poppaea (AD 62-65), see: http://www.usask.ca/antiquities/coins/nero.html
- p.19: For the inscription (CIL X, 1018) at the Porta Ercolano of T. Suedius Clemens citing rei publicae Pompeianorum: xxxxxxxxx. For other inscriptions of T. Suedius Clemens commemorating clearance of the pomerium at Pompeii: http://www.pompeiiinpictures.com/pompeiiinpictures/Tombs/Tombs%20Porta%20Vesuvio%20VG5.htm (at the Porta Vesuvio); http://www.pompeiiinpictures.com/pompeiiinpictures/Tombs/tombs%20noccippus.htm (at the Porta Nocera)
- pp. 19-20: For Pliny's letters on the AD 79 eruption, see above, p.9.
- p.20: Plutarch's comment on the devastated landscape of Pompeii after the eruption (Moralia 398E): http://penelope.uchicago.edu/misctracts/plutarchVerses.html#b1 (referring to "recent troubles at Cumae...").
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Ch. 3: Rediscovery and resurrection P. W. Foss
- p.29: For Goethe, and his visits to the area in 1787, see the German text of Italianische Reise (1829) at: http://www.textlog.de/7197.html; in English, see this excerpt: http://faculty.ed.umuc.edu/~jmatthew/naples/goethe2.html
- p.29: For the royal gunpowder works at Torre Annunziata, which began in 1652 and continued until 1901, see (in Italian) the Museum at the site: http://sit.provincia.napoli.it/museodiffuso/mdb2View.asp?key=4150; there is also a short paragraph on the site for the European Route of Industrial Heritage (in English): http://en.erih.net/index.php?pageId=109&anchor=500&filter=
- p.29: The House of the Ducs D'Elbeuf: http://vial.jean.free.fr/new_npi/revues_npi/14_2000/npi_1400/14_lorr_elb_genea1.htm
- p.29: The circular shaft of the well that first reached the Herculaneum theater is shown at the center of Bellicard's plan of the theater (1754): http://www.athenapub.com/Herc012x.GIF; see also http://www.auav46.dsl.pipex.com/p82.htm for small restored views of a plan and a section. To take a virtual QuickTime 360-degree underground tour of the theater through the Bourbon tunnels, click on the Theatre hotspots in the upper left hand corner of the map here: http://www.proxima-veritati.auckland.ac.nz/ProjectB/Pages/FramePage.html. Note also M. Pagano and A. Balasco, Il teatro antico di Ercolano, Naples, 2000.
- p.29: Most of the sculptures from the scene building of the theater at Herculaneum are in the Naples Museum: xxxxxxxxx. However, three reside in the Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden, Albertinum, inv. Herrmann nos 326-8 (one Large and two Small Herculaneum Women types), gifts of the Duc d'Elbeuf to his cousin Prince Eugene of Savoy in Vienna, where he had begun to build a villa in 1714 (the "Belvedere"). After Eugene's death in 1736, the statues were bequeathed to Augustus III of Saxony and Poland, whose court was in Dresden. Augustus had married the Austrian Maria Josepha in 1719; the fourth of their fifteen children was Maria Amalia Christina, who married the Bourbon King Charles VII (see below) in 1738 (she was 14). She must have remembered the statues when she found herself at Portici; she became a patroness of the excavations to come. For photos and discussion of the statues, see the current exhibition at the Getty Villa: http://www.getty.edu/art/installation_highlights/herculaneum_women.html. For a discussion (in German) and photos of all three, see: http://www.thomasgransow.de/Neapel/Golf/Ercolano.html.For a comprehensive discussion of these famous statues, see Jens Daehner, Kordelia Knoll, Christiane Vorster, and Mortiz Waelk. The Herculaneum Women: History, Context, Identities, Los Angeles, 2007.
- p.29: The Bourbon King Charles VII of the Kingdom of Naples and the Two Sicilies, later Charles III of Spain, married to Maria Amalia Christina of Saxony (see above): http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain; http://www.realcasadiborbone.it/uk/archiviostorico/cs_04.htm (be wary of their objectivity). His famous portrait by Camillo Paderni (see below) can be seen in a slightly blurry version here: http://www.artnet.com/Artists/LotDetailPage.aspx?lot_id=4AB762987B4A2A8F.
- p.29: Charles' summer palace at Portici, begun in 1738: http://www.realcasadiborbone.it/uk/archiviostorico/portici.htm; for visitors: http://faculty.ed.umuc.edu/~jmatthew/naples/vesuvillas.html. See also the palace at Caserta: http://www.culturacampania.rai.it/site/en-GB/Cultural_Heritage/Museums/Scheda/caserta_reggia.html?link=percorsi.
- p.29: Rocque Joaquin de Alcubierre: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocque_Joaquín_de_Alcubierre (in German); http://goya.unizar.es/infogoya/Aragon/Alcubierre.html (in Spanish).
- p.29: Pockets of lethal vapors trapped within volcanic deposits are called 'mofeta' or 'mufeta' in Neapolitan Italian (and in the early excavation accounts); the term means 'skunk' in Spanish (cf. also 'mofette' or 'mofetta'). A related term, 'fumarole', usually refers to open vents connected to the larger geothermic system. See: http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/Pglossary/fumarole.html; http://www.ov.ingv.it/inglese/vesuvio/geochimica/generalita.htm.
- p.30: For the paintings from the "Basilica" at Herculaneum: http://www.archeona.arti.beniculturali.it/sanc_en/mann/it1/07_21.html; Hercules and Telephus: http://www.art-and-archaeology.com/roman/pom15.html; Engraved versions from : http://www.picure.l.u-http://www.picure.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp/arc/ercolano/1500_html/t1/0028.html (Theseus); http://www.picure.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp/arc/ercolano/1500_html/t1/0033.html (Hercules and Telephus); http://www.picure.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp/arc/ercolano/1500_html/t1/0042.html (Chiron and Achilles); http://www.picure.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp/arc/ercolano/1500_html/t1/0045.html (Marsyas).
- p.30: For the father-and-son equestrian statues of the Nonii Balbi flanking the entrance of the "Basilica" and now in the Naples Museum: xxxxxxxxx. For epigraphic dedications of M. Nonius Balbus: http://www.noctes-gallicanae.org/Epigraphie/ev_herculanum.htm.
- p.30: For the carbonized scrolls found in the Villa of the Papyri: http://www.herculaneum.ox.ac.uk/papyri.html (links to bibliography, facsimiles, tools to search the papyrus texts, etc. from the Friends of Herculaneum Society); http://www.humnet.ucla.edu/humnet/classics/philodemus/philhome.htm (The Philodemus Project); For an ongoing project using multispectral imaging to digitize and better read the scrolls: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sciencenow/3318/04-ask.html. See also this review of D. Sider's book on the library: http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/bmcr/2006/2006-01-41.html.
- p.30: For Karl Jakob Weber: http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/bmcr/1996/96.12.10.html.
- p.30: For a good look at Karl Weber's 1756 color plan of the Villa of the Papyri, see: http://www.auav46.dsl.pipex.com/p84.htm, and choose 'View Enlarged'. For sculptures found in the Villa, see: http://www.classics.cam.ac.uk/Pompeii/Herculaneum/sculpture.html
- p.30: The Royal Academy (Regale Accademia Ercolanese di Archeologia): http://notes9.senato.it/accademie.nsf/Enti/31DEBE1C37F3225541256A11003FCF87?OpenDocument (in Italian); Its publication series Le Antichità di Ercolano Esposte is available in digital form at: http://www.picure.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp/arc/ercolano/; see also its introductory essay: http://www.picure.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp/arc/ercolano/ses/ses_e.html
- p.30: For a summary of the history of excavations at Pompeii: http://www2.pompeiisites.org/Database/pompei/Pompei2.nsf/pagine/86CEFC47EC002C16C1256AB6003247E1?OpenDocument.
- p.31: Barbary piracy and slavery on the high seas from the 17th to early 19th c., played by both the European and North African states: http://www.giunta-storica-nazionale.it/ricci.htm; http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/white_slaves_01.shtml; http://www.heritage.org/Research/NationalSecurity/hl940.cfm;
- p.31: Camillo Paderni: http://www.atelierdesarts.com/paderni/16.htm (in Italian), and http://www.atelierdesarts.com/paderni/origini-documenti/camilluspaderni.htm (engravings for Le pitture antiche d'Ercolano e contorni); Note this recent book: M. Forcellino, Camillo Paderni Romano e l'immagine storica degli scavi di Pompei, Ercolano e Stabia, Rome, 1999.
- p.31: For the inscription (CIL X, 1018) at the Porta Ercolano of T. Suedius Clemens citing rei publicae Pompeianorum: xxxxxxxxx. For other copies of the same notice outside the city, see also above, p.19.
- p.31: Johann Joachim Winckelmann: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Joachim_Winckelmann; http://www.lehrer.uni-karlsruhe.de/~za874/homepage/winckelmann.htm (in German); his portrait by Mengs: http://cgfa.sunsite.dk/m/p-mengs1.htm; his museum: http://www.winckelmann-gesellschaft.de/ (in German); his two letters about Pompeii and Herculaneum: xxxxxxxxx
- p.31: Augustus III, Elector of Saxony and King of Poland: http://www.wga.hu/frames-e.html?/html/r/rotari/1king.html; he had inherited the three Herculaneum Women statues from the Theater (see above, p. 29) probably due to his marriage to Maria Josepha of Austria, whose father, Holy Roman Emperor Joseph I, had as his general Prince Eugene of Savoy (see above, p.29).
- p.31: The la Vega brothers: Note this book: M. Pagano, I diari di scavo di Pompeii, Ercolano, e Stabiae di Francesco e Pietro la Vega (1764-1810), Rome, 1997.
- p.31: The history of the Naples Museum (the Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli): http://www.marketplace.it/museo.nazionale/emuseo_home.htm (English); http://www.archeona.arti.beniculturali.it/sanc_it/mann/home.html, http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/ (in Italian); for the move of artifacts from Portici to Naples, see Piranesi and Desprez' engraving: xxxxxxxxx.
- p.31: A gallery of images of the 18th-c. eruptions of Mt Vesuvius (3 parts): http://www.dst.unina.it/vesuvio/XVIIIa.html, http://www.dst.unina.it/vesuvio/XVIIIb.html and http://www.dst.unina.it/vesuvio/XVIIIc.html; 17th-c. eruptions: http://www.dst.unina.it/vesuvio/XVII.html. At the same site, there are also 4 parts documenting the 19th-c. eruptions, and 2 parts documenting the 20th-c. eruptions (follow the 'next' arrows at the bottom of each page). See also a sketchbook on the 1794 eruption at: http://www.vesuvioweb.com/new/article.php3?id_article=33 (click on the picture to access the PDF), and this essay on the American volcanologist Frank Perret: http://www.vesuvius.tomgidwitz.com/html/the_hero_of_vesuvius.html and Vesuvius' activity in the late 19th - early 20th c.
- p.31: The Bourbon King Ferdinand IV of the Kingdom of Naples and the Two Sicilies, son of Charles VII: http://www.realcasadiborbone.it/uk/archiviostorico/cs_05.htm; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_the_Two_Sicilies, which provide rather different viewpoints, neither of which, to this inexpert eye, seem objective.
- pp.31-2: Sir William Hamilton, and his wife Emma (who was mistress to Admiral Lord Horatio Nelson): http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/walker/exhibitions/romneyg/emmawilliam.asp; http://www.herculaneum.ox.ac.uk/herculaneumarchaeology/Suppl1/Knight.html; Hamilton's Campi Phlegraei (1776): http://www.nsula.edu/campaniafelix/Engravings/Fabris/fabris1.htm.
- pp.31-2: Napoleon Bonaparte and his Italian campaigns: http://www.napoleon.org/en/reading_room/timelines/files/chrono_second_italian_campaign.asp (a timeline); http://www.pbs.org/empires/napoleon/n_war/campaign/page_1.html (narrative).
- p.32: Pompeian style in 18-19th c. Europe: Réveillon (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Réveillon; http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/tpsd/wallpaper/sec2.htm - see esp. Figs. 14-16); Wedgwood and Bentley (http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/ladylever/collections/wedgwood/earlyyears.asp; http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe/p/portrait_plaque_of_sir_william.aspx - portrait of Sir William Hamilton, see above). For a 2007 conference at the University of Bristol on the role of Pompeii in the popular imagination of 19-20th c. western culture: http://www.bris.ac.uk/arts/birtha/conferences/pompeii/.
- p.32: Caroline Bonaparte and Joachim Murat: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline_Bonaparte; http://www.napoleon-series.org/research/biographies/marshals/c_murat.html; http://en.museonapoleonico.it/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/sala_vii_il_regno_di_napoli. For their involvement, along with Joseph Bonaparte's, in the excavations, see: http://www.picure.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp/arc/mazois/kaidai/eng.html.
- p.32: The Battle of Waterloo: http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/battle_waterloo_01.shtml.
- p.32: The Grand Tour: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/grtr/hd_grtr.htm; http://www.getty.edu/art/exhibitions/grand_tour/index.html.
- p.32: One method to display the site to European audiences was the "panorama", developed at the end of the 18th c., a series of scenes drawn in a 360-degree turn from a central pivot (analagous to QuickTime Virtual Reality clips today). Panoramas of Pompeii were exhibited in the 1820s in Europe; two are published in V. Kockel, PompeiPompeji360°. I due Panorami di Carl Georg Enslen del 1826 / Die beiden Panoramen Carl Georg Enslens aus dem Jahr 1826, Milan, 2006.
- p.33: Sir William Gell's Pompeiana (1832 edn) is available in digital form here: http://www.mediterranees.net/voyageurs/gell/Sommaire.html
- p.33: Charles François Mazois' Les ruines de Pompéi is available in digital form here: http://www.picure.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp/arc/mazois/index.html
- p.33: For the Niccolini family, a review of a recent published selection of their work, called Houses and Monuments of Pompeii: http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/bmcr/2003/2003-07-05.html. A limited reprint (1499 copies) of the original four volumes has recently been issued by Franco di Mauro: http://www.libreriauniversitaria.it/BIT/8887365369/Le_case_ed_i_monumenti_di_Pompei__Disegnati_e_descritti_(rist__anast__1854-1896)__Ediz__numerata.htm.
- p.33 (n.32): Ernest Breton's Pompeia is available in digital form here: http://www.mediterranees.net/voyageurs/pompeia/index.html; and the Baedeker Guide to South Italy, 11th ed, 1896, including much on Vesuvius and Pompeii, here: http://www.mediterranees.net/voyageurs/baedeker/pompei.html
- p.33: The House of the Tragic Poet (VI.8.5): http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/arts/classics/modules/cx254/pompeianhouses/tragicpoet/; http://www.pompeiiinpictures.com/pompeiiinpictures/R6/6%2008%2005.htm (photos and painting); small photos of a model of the house can be seen here: http://www.vroma.org/~bmcmanus/house_sources.html; see also Ch. 8 in Gell's Pompeiana (see above): http://www.mediterranees.net/voyageurs/gell/Chapter_8.html; the house was used as the setting for Glaucus' house in Bulwer-Lytton's Last Days of Pompeii (see below): http://www.victorianweb.org/authors/bulwer/pompeii/photos/2.html;
- p.33: Giovanni Pacini's L'Ultimo giorno di Pompei: http://www.geocities.com/Vienna/8917/Pacini.html; the music for a well-received revival of the opera can be acquired here: http://www.amazon.com/Pacini-Lultimo-Giménez-Bonfatti-Carella/dp/B0000044KF; the libretto (the text) can be found here (in Italian, of course): http://www.librettidopera.it/ulgiopo/ulgiopo.html.
- p.33: View Karl Bryullov's Last Days of Pompeii (1828) here: http://www.wga.hu/art/b/bryulov/pompei.jpg;
- p.33: Sumner Lincoln Fairfax's The Last Night of Pompeii (1832) can be read here (in various formats): http://www.archive.org/details/poeticalsumner00fairrich.
- p.33: Edward Bulwer Lytton's The Last Days of Pompeii (1834): can be read here: http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/1565; extensive essays here (be patient with the navigation): http://www.victorianweb.org/authors/bulwer/pompeii/index.html. The book inspired a sculpture of the blind heroine Nydia, done by American sculptor Randolph Rogers in the 1850s; many copies are extant, e.g.: http://www.metmuseum.org/works_of_art/collection_database/Nydia_the_Blind_Flower_Girl_of_Pompeii_Randolph_Rogers/ViewObject.aspx?depNm=american_paintings_and_sculpture&pID=-1&kWd=nydia&OID=20012315&vW=-1&Pg=1&St=0&StOd=1&vT=1
- p.34: Théophile Gautier's Arria Marcella (1852) is available here (in French): http://www.mediterranees.net/romans/gautier/arria.html; see also S. Colby, "The Literary Archaeologies of Théophile Gautier": http://clcwebjournal.lib.purdue.edu/clcweb06-2/colby06.html
- p.34: Wilhelm Jensen's Gradiva (1904), the text (in German): http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/jensen/gradiva/gradiva.htm; about Jensen, (in English, with a picture of the relief which is central to the narrative): http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradiva; (in German): http://www.lesekost.de/deutsch/jensen/HHL279.htm. See also B. Bergmann, "Seeing Women in the Villa of the Mysteries: A Modern Excavation of the Dionysiac Murals," in V.C. Gardner Coates and J.L. Seydl, eds, Antiquity Recovered. The Legacy of Pompeii and Herculaneum, Los Angeles, 2007, pp. 251-3.
- p.34: Cinematic versions of Bulwer-Lytton's Last Days of Pompeii (several are available on DVD, e.g. the 1913 and 1935 versions): http://www.imdb.com/find?s=all&q=last+days+of+pompeii;
- p.34: Giuseppe Fiorelli (a photograph): http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immagine:Giuseppe_Fiorelli.jpg.
- p.34: For plaster casts of eruption victims: http://www2.brevard.edu/reynoljh/italy/corpsecasts.htm. The casts feature heavily in the recent Field Museum exhibition: http://www.fieldmuseum.org/pompeii/; reviewed here by Smithsonian Magazine: http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/pompeii.html.
- p.34: The late 19th-c. and early 20th-c. soprintendenti of Pompeii (Ruggiero, DePetra, Pais, Sogliano) are included in this French essay by R. Étienne: http://www.clio.fr/BIBLIOTHEQUE/la_decouverte_de_pompei.asp.
- p.34: The writing tablets of Caecilius Iucundus: xxxxxxxxx; see also Welch, Ch. 36, pp. 568-72, and Cooley Sourcebook H69-82.
- p.34: The House of the Vettii (VI.15.1). For a plan, description, discussion and database of artifacts: http://www.stoa.org/projects/ph/house?id=18; there are also photos here: http://www.pompeiiinpictures.com/pompeiiinpictures/R6/6%2015%2001%20plan%202.htm; excellent photos of the house from its excavation to its reconstruction (in German): http://www.aeria.phil.uni-erlangen.de/galerie_html/vesuv/vesuv_7.html. A CD-ROM reconstruction of the house has been assembled; see: http://www.utexas.edu/academic/cit/gallery/utprofiles/campus/vettii/index.html.
- p.34: August Mau: http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/information/biography/klmno/mau_august.html
- p.34: The Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (CIL): http://cil.bbaw.de/cil_en/index_en.html; for the published versions: http://www.degruyter.com/cont/fb/at/atCilEn.cfm
- p.35: For Helbig, Nissen and Overbeck (in German): http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Helbig; http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Nissen; http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Adolph_Overbeck.
- p.35: Mau and Kelsey's Pompeii: Its Life and Art is now available online, with PDFs of each chapter, scanned from the 1907 revised edition: http://academic.depauw.edu/~pfoss/Mau/maukelsey.html.
- p.35: Four frescoes from Boscoreale and Boscotrecase in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, can be seen here, amongst select items from the new Greek and Roman galleries: http://www.metmuseum.org/special/greek_roman/images.asp; also see this essay: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/cubi/hd_cubi.htm. An apologia by the De Prisco family about the discovery and diffusion of artifacts from P.F. Synistor and Pisanella villas at Boscoreale is here (mostly in Italian): http://www.deprisco.it/pages/tesoroindex.htm. The silver treasure from the Pisanella villa (the Trésor de Boscoreale) is displayed in the Louvre, vitrine centrale 4 in Salle 33 of the Salle Henri II of the Sully wing, premier étage: http://cartelen.louvre.fr/cartelen/visite?srv=sal_frame&idSalle=189, courtesy of an 1895 donation by the Baron Edmond James de Rothschild.
- p.35: The Boston Museum of Fine Arts collection can be searched for such terms as 'Pompeii' and 'Boscoreale': http://www.mfa.org/collections/search_art.asp.
- p.35: The J. Paul Getty Museum in Malibu and the "Getty Villa": http://www.getty.edu/visit/.
- p.35: Vittorio Spinazzola is featured in this current project to re-document the street frontages of the via dell'Abbondanza: http://www.pompeiiperspectives.org/.
- p.35: Other cited archaeologists of the late 19th and early 20th c.: Heinrich Schliemann (the German house-museum commemorating him: http://www.schliemann-museum.de/; his digitized publications can be found here: http://www.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/Englisch/helios/fachinfo/www/arch/digilit/schliemann.html. See also reviews of D. Traill's books: http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/bmcr/1996/96.03.09.html; http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/bmcr/1994/94.03.01.html); Wilhelm Dörpfeld (http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Dörpfeld); Sir Arthur Evans (http://www.dictionaryofarthistorians.org/evansa.htm; his archives are contained in the Ashmolean: http://www.ashmolean.org/departments/antiquities/research/research/); Flinders Petrie (http://www.pef.org.uk/Pages/People/Petrie.htm; http://www.petrie.ucl.ac.uk/william_flanders_petrie.php); Howard Carter (http://griffith.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/gri/4hcart.html; the diary of his first season of excavating Tut's tomb: http://griffith.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/gri/4sea1not.html).
- p.35: Charles Waldstein (aka Sir Charles Walston), would-be excavator of Herculaneum: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Waldstein_%28archaeologist%29; his collected papers are at King's College Cambridge: http://janus.lib.cam.ac.uk/db/node.xsp?id=EAD%2FGBR%2F0272%2FPP%2FMisc.%2044.
- p.35: The rise of Benito Mussolini and Italian Fascism: http://history.sandiego.edu/GEN/WW2Timeline/Prelude05.html; http://www.casahistoria.net/Fascism.html.
- pp.35-6: Amedeo Maiuri, the major 20th-c. excavator of Pompeii, Herculaneum etc.: http://www2.pompeiisites.org/Database/pompei/Pompei2.nsf/pagine/24E6358DF577A586C1256AC0002B05AA?OpenDocument. Much re-evaluation of Mairui's work has been done in the last 20 years; for example, in the House of the Surgeon (VI.1.10), see: http://www.archaeology.org/interactive/pompeii/journals.html (see also Jones and Robinson, Ch. 25), and for the House of the Menander (I.10.4): http://www.stoa.org/projects/ph/house?id=9.
- p.36: The Villa of the Mysteries: For the sake of reference: http://www.pompeiiinpictures.com/pompeiiinpictures/RV/plan%20villa%20mysteries.htm; a Kelsey Museum exhibit at the University of Michigan: http://www.umich.edu/~kelseydb/Exhibits/Villa/Title.html. The villa has been modelled in virtual reality at UCLA: http://www.cvrlab.org/projects/real_time/villa_mysteries/villa_mysteries.html. See R.A.S. Seaford's essay on the megalographic frieze in oecus (5): http://www.stoa.org/diotima/essays/seaford.shtml (most of its links are broken, but refer for illustrations here: http://www.art-and-archaeology.com/timelines/rome/empire/vm/villaofthemysteries.html, or pages 1-2 of: http://www.servius.org/Pompeii/); for a full drawing of that frieze and photographic details: http://www.learn.columbia.edu/roman/htm/kampen_frame3.htm. See also these two articles: E.K. Gazda, "Replicating Roman Murals in Pompeii: Archaeology, Art, and Politics in Italy of the 1920s," and B. Bergmann, "Seeing Women in the Villa of the Mysteries: A Modern Excavation of the Dionysiac Murals," in V.C. Gardner Coates and J.L. Seydl, eds, Antiquity Recovered. The Legacy of Pompeii and Herculaneum, Los Angeles, 2007, pp. 206-29 and 230-69.
- p.36: The House of the Menander: http://www.stoa.org/projects/ph/house?id=9;
- p.36: The Allied bombing of Pompeii during World War II, sources cited in n.52: http://www.archaeology.org/interactive/pompeii/field/10.html; see also this note in Time magazine from 21 February, 1944: http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,774789-1,00.html.
- p.36: The Temple of Dionysos at S. Abbondio: Cooley Sourcebook A15-17.
- p.36: The "Cassa per il Mezzogiorno": http://216.25.45.103/book/Series04/IV-2/chapter_iii.htm;
- p.36: The House of C. Julius Polybius (IX.13.1): http://www.pompeiiinpictures.com/pompeiiinpictures/R9/9%2013%2001.htm;
- p.36: The Villa "of Poppaea" at Oplontis: http://www.indiana.edu/~leach/c409/oplan.html (clickable plan with images); http://www.servius.org/Oplontis/ (dozens of fine photos); http://www2.pompeiisites.org/database/pompei/pompei2.nsf/pagine/DAD8A554C8DAB05FC1256AD40044B2A2?OpenDocument (History of Excavations at Oplontis).
- p.36: The earthquake of 1980. Its intensity and effects are discussed in this document: http://www.iath.virginia.edu/struct/pompeii/patterns/sec-02.html; see also: http://www2.pompeiisites.org/Database/pompei/Pompei2.nsf/b4604a8b566ce010c125684d00471e00/c672b4c0066dc2cac1256ac0002b5ec7!OpenDocument
- p.36: The Soprintendenza Archeologica di Pompeii: http://www2.pompeiisites.org/; a 1998 International Herald Tribune article on plans to deal with the decay of the site: http://www.iht.com/articles/1998/04/18/spomp.t.php. P. G. Guzzo's statement on site management to the Council of Europe (9 October 2002): http://www.coe.int/t/e/cultural_co-operation/heritage/archaeology/Statementguzzo.asp.
- p.36: World Monuments Fund list of 100 most endangered sites: http://www.worldmonumentswatch.org/; corrigendum: Pompeii was on the list in 1996, 1998, and 2000.
- p.36-37: A new article regarding investigation of the unexcavated sections of Pompeii: Di Fiore, B. and D. Chianese. “Electric and Magnetic tomographic approach for the geophysical investigation of an unexplored area in the archaeological site of Pompeii (Southern Italy).” Journal of Archaeological Science 35 (2008): 14-25.
- p.37: To arrange a visit to the re-opened portions of the Villa of the Papyri at Herculaneum: http://www.arethusa.net/w2d3/v3/view/flecta/arethusa/italiano/prenotazioni/contenuto.html?area=ercolano&struttura=VP (though as of July 2007, it is closed for restoration work). See also the Friends of Herculaneum Society for updates and information: http://www.herculaneum.ox.ac.uk/. For a group dedicated to the protection of the site, see the Herculaneum Conservation Society (several members disagreed with the partial disinternment of the Villa of the Papyri): http://www.bsrome.it/herculaneum/.
- p.37: For two new books on rediscovery, see V.C. Gardner Coates and J.L. Seydl, eds, Antiquity Recovered. The Legacy of Pompeii and Herculaneum, Los Angeles, 2007, reviewed already here: http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/bmcr/2007/2007-06-48.html, and J. Harris: Pompeii Awakened: A Story of Discovery, New York, 2007.
- p.38: Pompeii (the motion picture based on Robert Harris' novel; it is currently scheduled for release in 2009): http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0958865/. Reviews of Harris' novel are collected here: http://www.complete-review.com/reviews/harrisr/pompeii.htm. As part of the diverse and continuing role of the site, mention should also be made of the documentary/concert film: Pink Floyd: Live at Pompeii (1972): http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0069090/. Finally, Pompeii has featured (albeit loosely and whimsically) in the fourth season of the new Dr. Who TV series, in the episode "The Fires of Pompeii": http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/s4/episodes/S4_02.
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Ch. 4: The environmental and geomorphological context H. Sigurdsson
- p.43: Coastline changes to the Bay of Naples by the AD 79 eruption: mentioned in Tacitus Annals 4.67: Cooley Sourcebook C25; http://hi.com.au/ancient/pdf/HAMHPompeii.pdf p.2
- p.43: The Roman Comagmatic Province: http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2004/2003TC001600.shtml
- p.43: Map of volcanic Italy: http://www.dst.unina.it/vulcani/regione01/italia.html
- p.44: Mt Somma: http://www.springerlink.com/content/qrj90y8lyd2kq52a/
- p.44: Early eruptions: Codola (xxxxxxxxx); Sarno (xxxxxxxxx); Basal (xxxxxxxxx)
- p.44: The Avellino (Bronze-Age) eruption of Mt Vesuvius: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1450177; evidence at Terzigno: http://www.fieldmuseum.org/pompeii/terzigno.asp
- p.44 (n.3): Mastrolorenzo et al.'s article on Avellino eruption can be accessed in PDF form here: http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/0508697103v1?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=pompeii&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&resourcetype=HWCIT
- p.46: Eruptions between Avellino and the AD 79 event (Rosi and Santacroce A-H): xxxxxxxxx
- p.46: A gallery of images of the 17th-c. eruptions of Mt Vesuvius starting in 1631: http://www.dst.unina.it/vesuvio/XVII.html; 18th-c. eruptions (3 parts, starting here): http://www.dst.unina.it/vesuvio/XVIIIa.html; 19th-c. eruptions (4 parts, starting here): ; , and 20th-c. eruptions up to the 1944 event (2 parts, starting here; follow the 'next' arrows at the bottom of each page):
- p.46: For Eschebach's test pits down to pre-Roman eruption material, see his entry in the bibliography on p.61.
- p.47: Plutarch's passages in Greek concerning Spartacus in the area of Vesuvius (Crassus 9.1-3 etc.): http://www.livius.org/so-st/spartacus/spartacus_t01.html ; For more on evidence for the life of Spartacus: http://www.livius.org/so-st/spartacus/spartacus.html
- pp.47-8: Strabo's description of Vesuvius (5.4.8): http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Strabo/5D*.html
- p.48: Dio Cassius' description of Vesuvius (66.21.1): http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/66*.html
- p.48: For a color photograph of the lararium painting presumably featuring Vesuvius from the House of the Centenary (IX.8.3; Figure 4.2): http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=112286
- p.49: Ancient two-peaked images (perhaps of Vesuvius) from Herculaneum: xxxxxxxxx; modern view of Vesuvius from Naples showing 'two peaks': http://www.gutenberg.org/files/9628/9628-h/p1.htm#02
- p.49: Pliny the Elder's descriptions of Roman painting (whose subjects, themes and compositions are represented in the ruins), HN 35: http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0137&layout=&loc=35 (English) http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Pliny_the_Elder/35*.html (Latin)
- p.49: Seneca's references to earthquakes: http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/sen/sen.qn6.shtml (Latin), and Cooley Sourcebook C1; Diodorus Siculus (4.21.5): http://www.theoi.com/Text/DiodorusSiculus4B.html; Vitruvius (2.6.1-2): http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Vitruvius/2*.html (English) http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Vitruvius/2*.html (Latin)
- p.49: Pre-eruption symptoms of volcanoes: http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/About/What/Erupt/WhenErupt.html
- pp.49-50: Sources on the earthquake of AD 62; Seneca, QNat 6.1.1-3 and 6.26.3-27.1, in Latin: http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/sen/sen.qn6.shtml; in English: http://www.ancienthistoryhelper.com.au/pompeii/tasks/seneca.htm.Tacitus, Ann. 15.22, in Latin and English: http://www.geocities.com/ckieffe/Annales15Main.html.
- p.50: For an assessment of the effect of reconstruction from the AD 62 earthquake (and perhaps subsequent tremors) on life throughout the town, see Michael Anderson's work, summarized in the 2007 AIA meetings abstract "Disruption or Continuity? The Spatio-Visual Evidence of Post Earthquake Pompeii": http://www.archaeological.org/webinfo.php?page=10248&searchtype=abstract&ytable=2007&sessionid=3D&paperid=1054
- p.50: For the Mater Deum inscription at Herculaneum (CIL X, 1406): xxxxxxxxx
- p.50: For the famous reliefs of the AD 62 earthquake from the lararium in the atrium of the House of Caecilius Iucundus: (http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/paula_chabot/clc/pcclc.11.jpg; http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~atlas/europe/images/large/6003.jpg; http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/paula_chabot/clc/pcclc.11a.jpg); They were stolen in the early 1990s and have not been recovered (http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/paula_chabot/clc/pcclc.12.jpg), which is the main reason why few images are available on the Web.
- p.50: On the death of the Emperor Vespasian and the accession of his son Titus: http://www.geocities.com/athens/parthenon/7094/titus2.html
- p.51: For general information on nuées ardentes (pyroclastic flows + surges): http://library.thinkquest.org/17457/volcanoes/hazards.nuee.php
- p.51 (n.9): Luongo et al.'s articles can be accessed in PDF form here: http://www.geo.mtu.edu/~raman/papers2/Luongo2JVGR.pdf and: http://www.geo.mtu.edu/~raman/papers2/Luongo1JVGR.pdf.
- pp.51-2: Sources on the AD 79 eruption (before, during and after); Pliny's letters (6.16, 6.20, Latin and English, transl. by Cynthia Damon of Amherst College): http://www.classics.cam.ac.uk/Pompeii/Destruction.html. Cassius Dio (66.21-24, in English): http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/66*.html
- p.52: Different kinds of volcanic ejecta (ashfall, pumice, and lithic fragments): http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/volcano_terminology.html
- p.52: A virtual tour of the eruption sequence in the Vesuvian area: http://vulcan.fis.uniroma3.it/vesuvio/excursion.html; Animation of the eruption sequence: http://urban.arch.virginia.edu/struct/pompeii/images/video/dobran-simulation.mpeg
- p.53: Comparandum: the 1982 eruption of El Chichon, Mexico: http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/msh//comparisons.html (ejecta and VEI); http://www.swivel.com/data_sets/spreadsheet/1001644 (death toll)
- p.54: Comparandum: The 1980 Mt St Helens, USA eruption: http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/msh//comparisons.html (ejecta and VEI); http://www.swivel.com/data_sets/spreadsheet/1001644 (death toll)
- p.54: Lightning accompanying volcanic eruptions: http://www.livescience.com/environment/070222_volcano_lightning.html
- p.55: Strata resulting from the first surge cloud (and others), which overwhelmed Herculaneum, Oplontis, and Villa Regina: http://vulcan.fis.uniroma3.it/vesuvio/gif-ingl/erc2.jpeg (Herculaneum); http://vulcan.fis.uniroma3.it/vesuvio/gifs/oplonti2.gif (Oplontis); http://vulcan.fis.uniroma3.it/vesuvio/gifs/albero.gif (Villa Regina);
- p.55: The rim of Monte Somma that restricted the first surge cloud to the north: http://www.episodes.org/backissues/263/12Santacroce.pdf p.230-231
- p.55: "Gas pipes" that form in a pyroclastic flow: http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/Thumblinks/ignimbrite_page.html
- p.55: The villas overwhelmed at Terzigno by the second surge cloud: http://www2.pompeiisites.org/database/pompei/Pompei2.nsf/pagine/0DFBC367731B961BC1256AC3005AAAE3?OpenDocument Villas 1, 2 and 6; see also http://www.fieldmuseum.org/pompeii/terzigno.asp
- p.57: The plaster casts of eruption victims caught on top of the accumulated pumice by the fourth surge: http://www2.brevard.edu/reynoljh/italy/corpsecasts.htm
- pp.57-8: The stratigraphy of the eruption at Stabiae: xxxxxxxxx
- p.59: Comparandum: the 1883 Krakatau, Indonesia eruption: http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/msh//comparisons.html (ejecta and VEI); http://www.swivel.com/data_sets/spreadsheet/1001644 (death toll)
- p.59: Definitions for "phreatic" and "phreatomagmatic": http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/geol204/volclandforms.htm
- p.59: Suetonius, Titus 8.4, on relief measures after the eruption: http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Titus*.html (English); http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Titus*.html#7 (Latin); Cooley Sourcebook C17-18; other accounts concerning refugees: Statius Silvae 3.5.72-5, Cooley Sourcebook C20
- p.59: The references to the eruption in Martial (4.44; mouse over for English translation): http://www.classics.cam.ac.uk/Pompeii/Herculaneum/Herculaneum.html and Statius: http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/statius/silvae3.shtml (Latin)
- p.59: The "Apocalypse of Adam" Gnostic text: http://www.gnosis.org/naghamm/adam.html, from the site of Nag' Hammadi in Egypt: http://www.gnosis.org/naghamm/nhl.html
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Ch. 5: Recent work on early Pompeii P. Carafa
- p.63: The early Sanctuary of Apollo (cf. also ch. 6): http://abacus.bates.edu/~mimber/Rciv/Pompeii/Buildings.Temples.htm
- p.63: The first fortifications (cf. also ch.11): http://www2.pompeiisites.org/database/pompei/pompei2.nsf/pagine/1ebbc8d535cd1ac5c1256ac20033ecf4!OpenDocument&Click=
- p.63: The early Doric Temple in the Triangular Forum (cf. also ch. 6): xxxxxxxxx
- p.64: The mythological Labors of Hercules in Italy: Cooley Sourcebook A2-3;
- p.64: The "absolute chronology" of the Trojan War, as suggested either by archaeology or literary sources: xxxxxxxxx
- p.64: The prehistoric chronology of Campania (period names, estimated dates, etc.): xxxxxxxxx
- p.64: For "impasto" pottery: xxxxxxxxx; for 9th-8th c. BC bronze fibulae: xxxxxxxxx
- p.64: The Bottaro (aka S. Abbondio) Bronze-Age necropolis: http://www.pompeiisites.org/Database/pompei/Pompei2.nsf/pagine/A5222E69ED8D9A15C1256AC500366727?OpenDocument. Also this recent publication: M.A. Tafuri, Tracing Mobility and Identity. Bioarchaeology and Bone Chemistry of the Bronze Age Sant’Abbondio Cemetery (Pompeii, Italy), British Archaeological Reports no. 1359, 2005.
- p.65: For the reconstruction of a sacred beech wood and votive Etruscan-style pillar in the area of House VI.5.17: xxxxxxxxx
- p.65: Protohistoric cemeteries and villages inland from Pompeii: xxxxxxxxx
- p.65: 8th-6th c. BC coastal emporia in Italy and interaction amongst Italic and eastern Mediterranean peoples: xxxxxxxxx
- p.66: The apparent 5th-early 4th c. BC hiatus at Pompeii: xxxxxxxxx
- p.66: The earliest phase of the Stabian Baths: Cooley Sourcebook D105
- p.67: The ager Picentinus and ancient cities location between there and Rome: xxxxxxxxx
- p.68: 4th-2nd c. BC Italic oppida in central and southern Italy: xxxxxxxxx
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Ch. 6: The first sanctuaries S. De Caro
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Ch. 7: The urban development of the pre-Roman city H. Geertman
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Ch. 8: Building materials, construction methods, and chronologies J.-P. Adam
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Ch. 8 Appendix: A note on Roman concrete (opus caementicium) and other wall construction J. J. Dobbins
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II. The Community
Ch. 9: Development of Pompeii’s public landscape in the Roman period R. Ling
- p.119: The Social Wars: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_War_%2891–88_BC%29
- p.119: The development of the street system in Pompeii: Cf. Geertman, Ch. 7.
- p.119: For a description, photos, plans and sections of the Basilica at Pompeii: http://www.vitruvius.be/pompei.htm
- p.119: First-Style plasterwork: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/ropt/hd_ropt.htm; example at the House of Sallust: http://www.utexas.edu/courses/italianarch/jpgs/9908020061.jpg
- p.119: Graffiti in the Basilica at Pompeii: http://www.archeona.arti.beniculturali.it/sanc_en/mann/it07/40.html; Translations: http://www.pompeiana.org/Resources/Ancient/Graffiti%20from%20Pompeii.htm
- p.119: Oscan inscription at the Temple of Apollo: Cooley Sourcebook A12
- p.119: Photos of the Temple of Jupiter at the north end of the Forum: http://wings.buffalo.edu/AandL/Maecenas/italy_except_rome_and_sicily/pompeii/ac880916.html
- p.119: The colonnaded space northwest of the Large Theater (Samnite palaestra): http://www.pompeiiinpictures.com/pompeiiinpictures/R8/8%2007%2029.htm.
- p.120: The bronze diploma of a Dalmatian solider who would have received citizenship and the right to marry after more than twenty years of service was found at Herculaneum, but it dates to AD 70; see: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=3725.
- p.120: The importance of public baths: http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/medicine_in_ancient_rome.htm; and an outline of different ancient authors on the use of public baths: http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/SMIGRA*/Balneae.html
- p.120: The impact of colonists on Pompeii's building program (J. Stambaugh, The Ancient Roman City, Baltimore, 1988): http://books.google.com/books?id=k0mZufizhH0C&pg=PA263&dq=colonists+in+pompeii+building+program&ei=_vbtRq_eFI-K7QKEnYmGBg&sig=78LrjjRt2g24LV93-50zk1RgWZY#PPA263,M1 p.263ff; Cooley Sourcebook 17-26
- p.120: The common practice of wealthy individuals funding public building (euergetism): xxxxxxxxx
- p.120: The dedicatory inscription at the covered theatre, CIL X, 844-5: Cooley Sourcebook B9; see http://perso.orange.fr/alain.canu/Pompeii/inscriptions_1.htm. At the amphitheatre, CIL X, 852: Cooley Sourcebook B10; see http://www.kadavy.net/pompeii.jpg
- p.120: An example of wealthy individuals funding games at Pompeii, CIL X, 1074d: Cooley Sourcebook D8.
- p.121: A new project concerned with the Sanctuary and Temple of Venus: http://www.shef.ac.uk/archaeology/research/venus.
- p.121: The "Comitium": http://www2.pompeiisites.org/Database/pompei/Pompei2.nsf/pagine/77C3067DF360C363C1256ABF0031C09C?OpenDocument
- p.121: For a virtual tour of the Forum Baths: http://www2.gsu.edu/~artwgg/baths/baths.htm; and a detailed description of them: http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/SMIGRA*/Balneae.html
- p.121: Inscriptions regarding the dedication of the Forum Baths, CIL X, 817: Cooley Sourcebook D106; and the modernization of the Stabian Baths, CIL X, 829: Cooley Sourcebook B11
- p.122: Hiatus in the building program at Pompeii before Augustus: xxxxxxxxx
- p.122: Augustus' ideological program: xxxxxxxxx
- p.122: The Temple of Fortuna Augusta: http://sights.seindal.dk/img/orig/9578.jpg; http://pompeii.virginia.edu/local/pVII_7-9_bal_wj.jpg (near top left corner); http://www2.pompeiisites.org/Database/pompei/Pompei2.nsf/pagine/FD7AE0314FB03250C1256B3500421A7D?OpenDocument; its designed place within the urban fabric: http://cti.itc.virginia.edu/~jjd5t/cww/1997/report2.html; M. Tullius: see also pp. 553-5 and Figs. 36.2a-c (if the statue in question does represent Tullius).
- p.122: CIL X, 787: Cooley Sourcebook E1
- p.122: The inscription recording Mamia's dedication of the Sanctuary of the Genius of Augustus, CIL X, 816: Cooley Sourcebook E39
- p.123: Altar with Augustan imagery from the Sanctuary of the Genius of Augustus: http://cti.itc.virginia.edu/~jjd5t/mike/photo2/agustus.html (click views 120-123 to view all four sides of the altar)
- p.123: For a more detailed description of Pompeii's urban water supply: http://www.iwaponline.com/ws/00701/0113/007010113.pdf p.117-118
- p.124: Inscription regarding the dedication of the Building of Eumachia, CIL X, 810: Cooley Sourcebook E42
- p.124: Relationship between Tiberius and Livia: http://www.vroma.org/~bmcmanus/livia.html; http://www.vroma.org/~bmcmanus/livia_coins.html.
- p.124: Inscription regarding the possible building of a colonnade around the piazza, ILS 1627: http://www.csun.edu/~hcfll004/pompinsc.html
- p.125: Trend of monumentalizing cities in the early imperial period: xxxxxxxxx
- p.125: A new project documenting the Villa Imperiale: http://www.noreal.it/vimp/VIMPeng/index.htm.
- p.125: Post-eruption plundering of Pompeii's valuables: Cooley Sourcebook C17-19; J32
- p.125: Public reliance on private munificence: xxxxxxxxx
- p.125: Major earthquake which struck Sardis and Philadelphia in Asia Minor in AD 17 (Strabo 12.8.18, 13.4.8; Pliny, HN 2.86; Tacitus, Ann. 2.47): xxxxxxxxx
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Ch. 10: Urban planning, roads, streets and neighborhoods C. W. Westfall
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Ch. 11: The walls and gates C. Chiaramonte Trerè
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Ch. 12: The forum and its dependencies J. J. Dobbins
- p.150: For early photos of the Forum, see: http://www.aeria.phil.uni-erlangen.de/galerie_html/vesuv/vesuv_2.html
- p.150: For archival photos of features in the Forum mentioned in this chapter, see: http://pompeii.virginia.edu/pompeii/images/b-w/levin/small/levin.html
- p.151: Mau and Kelsey's Pompeii: Its Life and Art is now available online, with PDFs for each chapter, scanned from the 1907 revised edition: http://academic.depauw.edu/~pfoss/Mau/maukelsey.html
- p.151: Mau's assessment of the "tufa period": http://fs6.depauw.edu:50080/~pfoss/Mau/mau6.pdf, p. 40-41
- p.155: Statue base inscriptions in the Forum: xxxxxxxxx
- p.155: Characteristics (according to Vesuvius), variations, and developments of typical Etrusco-Italic Temples: http://www.vitruvius.be/boek4h7.htm
- p.155: Levin-16 and -17 at http://pompeii.virginia.edu/pompeii/images/b-w/levin/small/levin.html show the entrance cut into the podium of the Temple of Jupiter; see also Figure 12.5
- p.155: Openings left by Maiuri through which earlier columns can be seen: xxxxxxxxx
- p.156: For the famous reliefs of the AD 62 earthquake from the lararium in the atrium of the House of Caecilius Iucundus (cf. also ch. 4): http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/paula_chabot/clc/pcclc.11.jpg; http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~atlas/europe/images/large/6003.jpg; http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/paula_chabot/clc/pcclc.11a.jpg; They were stolen in the early 1990s and have not been recovered (http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/paula_chabot/clc/pcclc.12.jpg ), which is the main reason why few images are available on the Web.
- p.159: A photo of the replica mensa ponderaria: http://www.servius.org/Pompeii/pages/051112_0816LM.htm.
- pp.159, 171-2: The Basilica. For graffiti on its walls, see: http://www.archeona.arti.beniculturali.it/sanc_en/mann/it07/40.html.
- p.160-1: The Macellum. A study of damage and reconstruction patterns: http://www.iath.virginia.edu/struct/pompeii/patterns/sec-00.html#toc;
- p.162: The Aula Regia in the Palace of Domitian in Rome: https://oncourse.iu.edu/access/content/user/leach/www/2003/summer02/june2002/domitaulareg.jpg
- p.162: Post-eruption salvaging: Cooley Sourcebook C17-19, J32
- p.164: The inscription recording Mamia's dedication of the Sanctuary of the Genius of Augustus, CIL X, 816: Cooley Sourcebook E39
- p.165: Inscriptions regarding the Eumachia Building: CIL X, 810: Cooley Sourcebook E42
- p.166: CIL X, 808, 809: Cooley Sourcebook E44, E45
- p.166: Scroll moldings of acanthus on the Ara Pacis Augustae: http://www.vroma.org:7878/1976/
- p.166: Statue fragments found in the 1820s: xxxxxxxxx
- p.167: The porter's lodge: Feature 223 in the photos at http://pompeii.virginia.edu/pompeii/images/b-w/levin/small/levin.html
- p.167: The fullers' inscription found next to the south porticus: http://www.stoa.org/diotima/anthology/wlgr/wlgr-publiclife196.shtml
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Ch. 13: Urban, suburban and rural religion in the Roman period A. M. Small
- p.185: Rome’s intolerance of non-traditional cults: xxxxxxxxx
- pp.185-186: Prohibition of the cult of Dionysios-Liber by the enatus consultum de Bacchanalibus: http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/scbaccanalibus.html (Latin); http://www.forumromanum.org/literature/sc/sc_bacch_e.html (English); Rumours of the new cult of Dionysus, Livy 39.8-19: http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/etcbin/browse-mixed-new?id=Liv5His&tag=public&images=images/modeng&data=/texts/english/modeng/parsed (English); http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/livy/liv.39.shtml#8 (Latin)
- p.186: The sanctuary of Dionysus at S. Abbondio: xxxxxxxxx
- p.186: The Sullan conquest in 80 BC: Cooley Sourcebook 17-26
- p.186: CIL X, 93: xxxxxxxxx
- p.186: Roman reform of the priesthood: xxxxxxxxx
- p.186: CIL X, 800: Cooley Sourcebook B7
- p.186: The ludi apollinares: http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/SMIGRA*/Ludi_Apollinares.html; CIL X, 1074d: Cooley Sourcebook D8
- p.186: CIL I, 1252: xxxxxxxxx; CIL X, 787: Cooley Sourcebook E1
- p.186: Inscription identifying Venus Fisica Pompeiana, CIL IV, 1520: Cooley Sourcebook D74
- p.186: Graffiti alluding to the cult of Venus: CIL IV, 26: Cooley Sourcebook E15; CIL IV, 538: Cooley Sourcebook E18; CIL IV, 1520: Cooley Sourcebook D74; CIL IV, 2457: Cooley Sourcebook E17; CIL IV, 4007: Cooley Sourcebook C16; CIL IV, 6865: xxxxxxxxx
- p.186: Pompeii referred to as the city of Venus in Martial IV.44.5: http://www.classics.cam.ac.uk/Pompeii/Herculaneum/Herculaneum.html (mouse over for English translation); Statius, Silvae V.3.164: http://thelatinlibrary.com/statius/silvae5.shtml (Latin)
- pp.186-7: A new project concerned with the Sanctuary and Temple of Venus: http://www.shef.ac.uk/archaeology/research/venus.
- p.187: For the famous reliefs of the AD 62 earthquake from the lararium in the atrium of the House of Caecilius Iucundus (cf. also ch. 4): http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/paula_chabot/clc/pcclc.11.jpg; http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~atlas/europe/images/large/6003.jpg; http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/paula_chabot/clc/pcclc.11a.jpg; They were stolen in the early 1990s and have not been recovered (http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/paula_chabot/clc/pcclc.12.jpg ), which is the main reason why few images are available on the Web.
- p.187: The official status of the cult of Isis under Vespasian: xxxxxxxxx
- p.188: The theatrical requirements of the cult of Isis: xxxxxxxxx; purification ceremonies of the cult: xxxxxxxxx
- p.188: Statue of Isis from the NE colonnade of the Temple of Isis: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=976;
- p.188: Pilaster painting of Venus Anadyomene in II.1.12: http://www.pompeiiinpictures.com/pompeiiinpictures/R2/2%2001%2012.htm; syncretism of the Isis cult and Graeco-Roman cults: xxxxxxxxx
- p.189: Paintings of Isaic ceremonies from Herculaneum: the hight priest: http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/daily_life_gallery_04.shtml; the one with the masked man: xxxxxxxxx; sistra from Pompeii: http://sights.seindal.dk/photo/8915,s934f.html
- p.189: Ancient sources which refer to Cybele and Attis: Lucretius De Rerum Naturae: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/lucretius-reruma.html; Catullus Carmina 63: http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0006;query=poem%3D%2365;layout=;loc=62; Ovid Fasti iv.221: xxxxxxxxx; Diodorus iii.58-?: xxxxxxxxx; Pausanius vii.17.5: xxxxxxxxx Prudentius on the Galli, Peristephanon X:xxxxxxxxx
- p.189: Fresco at IX.7.I: http://www.pompeiiinpictures.com/pompeiiinpictures/R9/9%2007%2001.htm
- p.189: CIL X, 1406: xxxxxxxxx
- p.189: The Flavian dynasty and eastern cults: xxxxxxxxx
- p.189: The temples reported by the early excavators: xxxxxxxxx
- p.189: inscription recording the collegium of Venerei at Herculaneum: http://books.google.com/books?id=6KQBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA70&dq=collegium+venerei+herculaneum&ei=BKUJR821Fp3kowLX-qGdDQ#PPA70,M1
- p.189: CIL IV, 60: Cooley Sourcebook E62
- p.189: A fresco in the Naples Museum from Edifice B at Moregine near Pompeii showing (perhaps) the Compitalia: http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/compitaliafresco.jpg.
- pp.189-193: Crossroads shrines to the Lares: Cooley Sourcebook E61-E67
- p.189: Frieze of the Twelve Gods at IX.II.I: http://www.pompeiiinpictures.com/pompeiiinpictures/Altars/Altar%2091101.htm
- p.189: Local ward system reform in 17 BC: xxxxxxxxxx
- p.190: Shrine at IX.12.7: http://www.pompeiiinpictures.com/pompeiiinpictures/Altars/Altar%2091207.htm
- p.190: The Procession of Cybele at IX.7.1: http://www.pompeiiinpictures.com/pompeiiinpictures/R9/9%2007%2001.htm; Venus Pompeiana IX.7.7: http://pompeiiinpictures.com/pompeiiinpictures/R9/9%2007%2007.htm; Semo Sancus at Herculaneum: xxxxxxxxx
- p.191: Patron deities. The painted Priapus with weigh-scales from the House of the Vettii: http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/priapus.jpg; For an actual set of bronze scales found at Pompeii dating to AD 47, see: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=74039. For representations of other deities in private houses, cf. a three-quarter-scale archaizing statue of Artemis found in the garden of VIII.2.14: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=6008; a gilded statuette of Venus in a bikini (house provenance disputed): http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=152798; an inscribed altar (in Oscan) to the goddess Flora and a statuette found in the atrium of the House of the Faun (VI.12.2): Cooley Sourcebook A13.
- pp.191-3: For two bronze Lares found in lararium (e) in the House of the Gilded Cupids, see: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=133327, http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=133328.
- p.193: Underground chamber lararium in the House of Popidius Priscus (VII.2.20): xxxxxxxxx; narrow lararium at the House of the Lararium (I.6.4): http://www.pompeiiinpictures.com/pompeiiinpictures/R1/1%2006%2004%20p1.htm
- p.193: The association of doves with Venus: xxxxxxxxx
- p.193: Bona Dea: http://www.pantheon.org/articles/b/bona_dea.html; Bona Dea image in the Casa di Vinaio (IX.9.6): xxxxxxxxx
- p.193: The sacrarium at the Villa of Risi di Prisco at Boscoreale: xxxxxxxxx
- p.193: House of the Golden Bracelet (VI.17.42): xxxxxxxxx; similar garden paintings in Pompeian houses: xxxxxxxxx
p.193: House of the Floral Cubiculum (I.9.6): xxxxxxxxx; House of the Fruit Orchard (I.11.5): xxxxxxxxx
- p.194: Sabazius: http://www.pantheon.org/articles/s/sabazius.html; suppression of the cult in 139 BC: xxxxxxxxx
- p.194: Ritual vessels found near the altar: xxxxxxxxxx
- p.194: Cult of Dionysus and its popularity: xxxxxxxxx
- p.194: Dionysus as the god of wine in the House of the Centenary (IX.8.3.6): xxxxxxxxx
- p.194: Shrines of Dionysus in other wine-producing villas in the region: xxxxxxxxx
- p.194: For a discussion of the Dionysiac cult and mysteries in respect to the fresco cycle in the Villa of Mysteries: http://www.stoa.org/diotima/essays/seaford.shtml; for a full drawing of that frieze and photographic details: http://www.learn.columbia.edu/roman/htm/kampen_frame3.htm. See also these two articles: E.K. Gazda, "Replicating Roman Murals in Pompeii: Archaeology, Art, and Politics in Italy of the 1920s," and B. Bergmann, "Seeing Women in the Villa of the Mysteries: A Modern Excavation of the Dionysiac Murals," in V.C. Gardner Coates and J.L. Seydl, eds, Antiquity Recovered. The Legacy of Pompeii and Herculaneum, Los Angeles, 2007, pp. 206-29 and 230-69.
- p.194: The shrine in the Villa Regina at Boscoreale: http://www.pompeiiinpictures.com/pompeiiinpictures/RV/villa%20regina%20boscoreale%20p2.htm.
- p.195: The "Judgement of Solomon" from the House of the Doctor (VIII.5.24): http://www.ntimages.com/Italy/Naples-museum/sol-decision.jpg; for a scene of pygmies fighting crocodiles from the same house: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=113196.
- p.195: CIL IV, 4976: Cooley Sourcebook E71
- p.195: Cross-shaped groove at Herculaneum: http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/chest.jpg
- p.195: Painting from House of the Doctor: now in Naples Archaeological Museum: xxxxxxxxx
- p.195: A discussion of tombs, cults of the dead and religious festivals: http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/SMIGRA*/Funus.html
- p.196: For the ivory figure of the goddess Laksmi (or Lakshmi) from I.8.5: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=149425.
- p.196: The Twelve Tables, including Table X and the prohibition against burying or cremating a corpse within the city: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/12tables.html
- p.196: The inscription on the tomb of Marcus Nonius Balbus: xxxxxxxxx
- p.197: For the mosaic of Plato's Academy from the Villa of T. Siminius Stephanus: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=124545.
- pp.197-9: a short article on the Augustan model for "Civic Religion and Civic Patronage" by John Nicols at Oregon: http://www.uoregon.edu/~nic/Civic%20Religion%20and%20Civic%20Patronage.htm.
- p.201: For a terracotta statuette of Aeneas fleeing Troy, carrying his father Anchises and leading his son Ascanius (from Pompeii, but specific provenance unknown): http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=110338.
[Top] Links to chapters: [Preface] [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [8App] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16]
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Ch. 14: Amphitheatre, palaestra, and entertainment complexes C. Parslow
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Ch. 15: The city baths A. O. Koloski-Ostrow
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Ch. 16: The water system: supply and drainage G. Jansen
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III. Housing
Ch. 17: Domestic spaces and activities P. M. Allison
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Ch. 18: The development of the Campanian house A. Wallace-Hadrill
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Ch. 19: Instrumentum domesticum – a case study J. Berry
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Ch. 20: Domestic decoration: paintings and the “Four Styles” V. M. Strocka
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Ch. 21: Domestic decoration: mosaics and stucco J. R. Clarke
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Ch. 22: Real and painted (imitation) marble at Pompeii J. C. Fant
- p. 346 (n.32): Corrigendum: The address for the House of (M.) Fabius Rufus should be corrected from (VI.17 [Ins. Occ.].16-19) to: VII.16 [Ins. Occ.].17-22 (see Map 3). Publications using H. Eschebach's map cite a slightly different numbering system for this property: VII Ins. Occ. 16-19. Meanwhile, Van der Poel's Corpus Topographicum Pompeianum uses two systems: [19], [21-23] (see CTP vol. II, p.295n*8); and 19, A-C (1:1000 fold-out map in CTP vol. III). The inconsistencies are quite confusing; we sorry that our typographic error has not helped.
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Ch. 23: Houses of Regions I and II S. Ciro Nappo
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Ch. 24: Regions V and IX: early anonymous domestic architecture K. Peterse
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Ch. 25: Intensification, heterogeneity and power in the development of insual VI.1 R. Jones and D. Robinson
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Ch. 26: Rooms with a view: residences built on terraces (Regions VI-VIII) R. A. Tybout
- p.411: Erratum: The small house listed at address VIII.2.P is uncertain; I do not know to what building it is referring.
- p.416: Another possible oecus aegyptius was uncovered in the 1990s in the form of a large dining-room on the west side of the late second-century AD "Maison d'Africa" at El Djem (ancient Thysdrus, in modern Tunisia). See: http://www.igm.com.tn/amvppc/eng/musees/eljem.php (under "More pictures", the fourth one down on the left side, a cut-away reconstruction of the house; cf. the large room off of the peristyle at upper right).
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Ch. 27: Residences in Herculaneum J.-A. Dickmann
- p.xx: for a virtual QuickTime tour of Herculaneum: http://www.proxima-veritati.auckland.ac.nz/ProjectB/Pages/FramePage.html. See also the Herculaneumn Conservation Project: http://www.bsr.ac.uk/BSR/sub_arch/BSR_Arch_03Herc.htm.
- p.429: For a comparable statuette of a satyr pouring from a wineskin (from the House of the Centenary at Pompeii): http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=111495.
- p.430: The House of the Relief of Telephus is so named because of this relief showing Achilles treating Telephus with the weapon that wounded him: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=286787.
- p.430: Another possible oecus aegyptius was uncovered in the 1990s in the form of a large dining-room on the west side of the late second-century AD "Maison d'Africa" at El Djem (ancient Thysdrus, in modern Tunisia). See: http://www.igm.com.tn/amvppc/eng/musees/eljem.php (under "More pictures", the fourth one down on the left side, a cut-away reconstruction of the house; cf. the large room off of the peristyle at upper right).
- p. 432: For fine photographs of art from the Villa of the Papyri in the Naples Museum, see: http://www.servius.org/Herculanum/ (index pages 1-4). For a good look at Karl Weber's 1756 color plan of the Villa of the Papyri, see: http://www.auav46.dsl.pipex.com/p83.htm, and choose 'View Enlarged'.
- p.433: For several of the sculptures from the Villa of the Papyri: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=5625 (the seated Hermes); http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=5618 (Dionysus); http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=5604, http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=5605, http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=5619, http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=5620, http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=5621 (five Danaids, aka "dancers"); http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=5626, http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=5627 (two runners); http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=5465 ("the philosopher Epicurus"); http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=5607 ("Pythagoras"); http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=5616 (the "pseudo-Seneca"); http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=6150 ("Pyrrhus"); http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=6158 (Ptolemaic ruler of Egypt); http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=6149 (Hellenistic ruler);
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Ch. 28: Villas surrounding Pompeii and Herculaneum E. M. Moormann
- p.435, 440: Four frescoes from Boscoreale and Boscotrecase in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, can be seen here, amongst select items from the new Greek and Roman galleries: http://www.metmuseum.org/special/greek_roman/images.asp; also see this essay: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/cubi/hd_cubi.htm. An apologia by the De Prisco family about the discovery and diffusion of artifacts from P.F. Synistor and Pisanella villas at Boscoreale is here (mostly in Italian): http://www.deprisco.it/pages/tesoroindex.htm. The silver treasure from the Pisanella villa (the Trésor de Boscoreale) is displayed in the Louvre, vitrine centrale 4 in Salle 33 of the Salle Henri II of the Sully wing, premier étage: http://cartelen.louvre.fr/cartelen/visite?srv=sal_frame&idSalle=189, courtesy of an 1895 donation by the Baron Edmond James de Rothschild.
- p.445: For the construction and materials of the Villa of the Mysteries, see this dissertation by J.H. Immo Kirsch (in German): http://www.freidok.uni-freiburg.de/volltexte/20/html/misteri.htm.
- p.447: For paintings of villas at Pompeii, see: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=9406;
- p.448: The Villa Regina at Boscoreale (four pages of photographs): http://www.pompeiiinpictures.com/pompeiiinpictures/RV/villa%20regina%20boscoreale%20p1.htm. See also: http://www.pompeiiinpictures.com/pompeiiinpictures/RV/villa%20regina%20boscoreale%20p1.htm.
- p.448: The Contrada Sora Villa at Torre del Greco: http://www.vesuvioweb.com/new/article.php3?id_article=89&var_recherche=sora (click on the 'capitolo' pictures at the bottom to access PDF reports; in Italian).
- p.448: for a good look at Karl Weber's 1756 color plan of the Villa of the Papyri, see: http://www.auav46.dsl.pipex.com/p83.htm, and choose 'View Enlarged'.
- p.450: The statue of Pan (Moormann says a 'satyr') copulating with a goat, from the Villa of the Papyri, in the Naples Museum: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=27709
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IV. Society and economy
Ch. 29: Shops and industries F. Pirson
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Ch. 30: Inns and taverns J. DeFelice
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Ch. 31: Gardens W. F. Jashemski
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Ch. 32: The loss of innocence: Pompeian economy and society W. M. Jongman
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Ch. 33: Epigraphy and society J. Franklin
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Ch. 34: Pompeian women F. Bernstein
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Ch. 35: The lives of slaves M. George
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Ch. 36: Pompeian men and women in portrait sculpture K. E. Welch
- p.550: Another kind of portrait, of a man's image painted on glass, has been found at Pompeii: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=132424.
- p. 570 (n.70): A mould, taken from a deceased man's face, and a plaster head of a woman, probably taken from a similar funerary mask or mould and re-touched to improve and add details, have been recovered from a small workshop in an industrial quarter of ancient Thysdrus (modern El Djem) in Tunisia. They date to the third century AD. They are illustrated in H. Slim, El Jem. Ancient Thysdrus, Tunis, 1996, pp. 68-9.
- p.xx: For the Naples Museum page on the herm of L. Caecilius Iucundus: http://marcheo.sanc.remuna.org/visite/album/createPage?inv=110663
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Ch. 37: The tombs at Pompeii S. Cormack
- p.586: An Oscan funerary inscription of a woman claiming to have lived 112 years: Cooley Sourcebook A14.
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Ch. 38: Victims of the cataclysm E. Lazer
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Ch. 39: Early published sources for Pompeii A. Laidlaw
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Glossary
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