Day 15 Metonymy and Synecdoche

These two closely related terms are often confused, though each represents a kind of substitution for the thing meant. Metonymy is the substitution of one word for another closely related word, such as "The pot's boiling" or "The White House announced." Synechdoche is the substitution of part for the whole, such as "All hands on deck" or "lend me your ears." On his website World Wide Words, Michael Quinlan discusses the differences in greater depth. In the following poem, Rachael Hadas takes the terms to a whole new level -- S 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Part and Whole by Rachel Hadas Struggling to explain metonymy and synecdoche, I came belatedly to see these figures as our very own, learned without effort, like a mother tongue; like it transparent, though imperfectly. These tropes aren't similes but objects plucked from, burnishing our lives. A red hat; a brown armchair into which a man with dirty hands sinks at the end of the day; a long-dead mother's shoes too dear to throw away -- freely these bubble up from memory. The part is so much easier than the whole. Yesterday at Ground Zero a lost woman's wallet, crushed but still identifiable, was found two blocks away from where she'd last been seen. Logistics may have been a mystery; not so this simple cue which clearly told her children not so much what to do (what could they do?) as how to read the sorry shreds preserved within the plastic, paper, leather left to them-- a miniature wrecked book, but still a book they knew by heart and thirsted to keep and touch, to read and read again. The part is easier. I kept the letters two dear dead friends had written me-- kept them for ten and seven years respectively in a drawer: first to look at and to touch, to read, reread, then simply kept them. This year I found that I could let them go. The letters weren't, but I was, getting older; I moved their folder. They were my personal metonymy and my synecdoche: the easy part of an unwieldy whole, of everything we keep and touch and know and then--is it outgrow? No; that is so much a part of us we can let it go. from Laws, Zoo Press, 2004.       Read more by Rachel Hadas -- At the Able Muse Online Poetry Symposium, you can read and hear "Black Coat, Blue Lake," "Empty Studio, National Arts Club," "Connie's Room," "Midpoint, Maybe," and "The Genre Necklace." At Blackbird, you can read "The Other Side." In The Boston Review, you can read "Orange" (aha, includes an allusion to the Lady of Shalott!) or "Sunset." In The Cortland Review, you can read "The Afterglow" and "Coleridge Back from the Dead." In Drunken Boat, you can read "Revise! Revise! Revise!" -- her essay on Elizabeth Bishop's "One Art." From FindArticles.com, you can access her poem "The Fork in the Road," originally in Cross Currents. In The Nation, you can read "Laundry." In The New Criterion Online, you can read "On the hand" and "Reading David Ferry's poems." In Ploughshares, you can read an essay called "The Mailbox," "Restored Medieval House, Sensational Views," "Cover-Ups," "Philemon and Baucis," and "Five September Hours." At Poetry Daily, you can read "The Nosebleed." At PoetryFoundation.org, you can read "Fleshly Answers," "Flying Home," "Pass It On, III," "Rag Rug," "Roadblock," "The Chorus." "The End of Summer," "The Fall of Troy," "The Last Movie," and "Twelfth Birthday." In Thermopylae, you can read "Teaching Emily Dickinson," "The Dream of Severing," "Little by Little, " and "The Mirror." In The Writer Magazine, Hadas discusses her revisions of her poem "Sunset with Voices."

Kevin Bubriski's photographic anthology, Pilgrimage: Looking at Ground Zero, offers images relevant to this poem.

Your Turn: Focus on a literary term and write a poem which is self-aware in its discussion of that term. Consider such choices as personification, onomatopoeia, apostrophe, paradox, metaphor and/or simile; maybe even metaphor vs. simile. You could even choose to explore a term more commonly associated with fiction (climax, flashback, frame story, denouement, etc.) or drama (aside, soliloquy). Got it?