Introduction with terminology and basic results:

The results of this introduction suggest that I spent far too much time on the demographic analysis of individual elasmobranchs. The vital rates of elasmobranchs and other long-lived marine species are not well known and population growth rates are mere guesstimates. However, elasticities are fairly robust even if the population growth rates are not very precise and do allow formulation of management proposal. The results indicate that the elasticity pattern can be predicted with a minimal amount of calculations and that it is determined by age-at-first reproduction (α) and the mean age of reproducing females (Ā, Abar). Knowledge of the gestation period (GP) allows a refinement but here I assume GP = 0 in the formulas given in Mollet and Cailliet (2003, Appendix1b, normalized elasticities):

E(fertility) = E1 = 1/(Ā + 1);
E(juvenile survival) = E2 = (α)/(Ā + 1);
E(adult survival) = E3 = (Ā - α)/(Ā + 1).