Parameter	Female	Male	References
Largest specimens (Total length and mass)	~7 m TL?, ~3000 kg	~6.0; 6.2 mTL;	Guidici and Fino 1989; Hubell (1996, H112690); Mollet (unpubl. data);
Oldest documented age	22(+-1) bands in 5.36 m TL N North Cape specimen; 23 bands in ~5.7-6.0 m TL Gans Bay specimen		Francis 1996; Mollet et al. (1996),
Size at maturity	~ 4.7 - 5.0 m TL	~3.8 m TL, ~3.0 m PCL	Cliff et al. 1989; Pratt 1996; Bruce 1992; Mollet et al. 2000; Bruce et al. 2001;
Smallest mature	~4.7; 4.8; 5.1 m TL	3.50 TL, 2.93 m PCL;	Uchida et al. 1996; Cliff et al. 1996; Mollet (unpubl. data);
Largest immature	4.8; 4.9; 5.2 mTL;	~4.1 m TL, 3.4 m PCL;	Cliff et al. 1989; Bruce 1992; Mollet et al. 2000; Mollet (unpubl. data);
Sizes at which 10, 50, and 90% are mature (c)	~4.8, ~4.95, ~5.2 mTL	~3.5, ~3.8, ~4.1 mTL	Rough estimates using smallest mature and largest immature (Mollet 2001, La Paz Presentation)
Estimated age at maturity	~15-18 yr (using VBGF with TL = 5.0 m)	~8-10 yr (using VBGF with TL = 3.85 m)	Cailliet et al. 1985; Bruce et al. 2001
Gestation time	18 months?		Mollet et al. 2000; Bruce et al. 2001; Compagno 2002;
Reproductive cycle	3 years?		Mollet et al. 2000; Bruce et al. 2001; Compagno 2002;
Litter size (# of pups in litter)	2-10(14?), mean 8.9		Francis 1996; Mollet and Cailliet 2002;
Birth size estimate	1.2-1.5 m TL		Francis 1996
Smallest free-swimming (Western North Atlantic)	1.22 m TL, 12-16 kg;		Ellis and McCosker 1991; Francis 1996
Smallest free-swimming (South Africa)	1.40 m TL, 1.14 m PCL, 20 kg;		Cliff et al. 1996
Smallest free-swimming (California)	1.26 m TL;		Mollet (unpubl. data)
First year growth	0. 35 m TL based on VBFG by Cailliet et al. 1985		Cailliet et al. 1985;
Von Bertalanffy Growth Function (VBGF)	sexes combined in all cases; TLoo = 7.64 m, TLo = 1.41 m (to = - 3.53 yr), k = 0.058 yr-1 (5ln(2)/k = 60 yr); TLoo = 6.86 m, TLo = 1.71 m (to = -4.4 yr), k = 0.065 yr-1 (5ln(2)/k = 53 yr); TLoo = 6.70 m, TLo =1.01 m (to = -2.3 yr), k = 0.071 yr-1 (5ln2/k = 49 yr);		Cailliet et al. 1985; Wintner and Cliff 1999; Bruce et al. 2001;
Mass-TL relationship (a)	M(kg) = 7.915 TL3.0958 (m), sexes combined (b)		Mollet and Cailliet 1996;
Mass-PCL relationships (a) (sexes combined)	M (kg) = 16.03 PCL2.97 (m), NSB n = 309; M (kg) = 16.54 PCL2.944 (m), NSB n = 383; M (kg) = 16.26 PCL2.9851 (m), worldwide n = 327 (b);		Cliff et al. 1989; Cliff et al. 1996; Mollet and Cailliet 1996;
Elasticity estimates based on alpha = 15 yr, Abar/ alpha = 1.5 (thus Abar = 22.5 yr), and GP = 1.5 yr	E(m) = 1/Abar = 1/22.5 =  0.044; E(JS) = 0.600, E(JS)/E(m) = ER2 = alpha - GP = 13.5;  E(AS) = 0.400, E(AS)/E(m) = ER3 = Abar - alpha + GP = 9.0;  Sum = 1.044; ER2 + ER3 = Abar		Mollet 2003 (AES Manaus) Normalized elasticities: E (fertility) = E(m)  = 4.3%; E(juvenile survival) = E(JS) = 57.5%; E(adult sruvival) = E(AS) = 38.3%
Parameter	Female	Male	References

a) The pre-exponential constant gives the weight of a 1 m TL or 1 m PCL white shark because meter was used as length unit or reported equation was converted to m;
b) Back-transformed geometric mean (GM) power regression.

Vital rates needed for demograhic analysis are age-specific mortality rate M (can be estimated from longevity), age-at-first reproduction (alpha = age-at-maturity + gestation period), longevity estimate w (can be estimated from Von Bertalanffy growth curve), and fertility m (number of female pups born per year). The following values were used by Mollet and Cailliet (2002) in a preliminary demographics analysis:
M ~-ln(0.01)/60 = 0.07675 yr^-1;
Alpha ~15 yr;
w ~ 60 years; some calculations with w = 36 yr;
m ~ 8.9/(2x3) = 1.433
Results: Lambda = 1.082, Ro = 6.163, Abar = 20.9 yr (Abar/alpah = 1.39), T = 23.1 yr, mu1 = 26.2 yr
Elasticity results: E(m) = 0.048; E(JS) = 0.670, E(JS)/E(m) = 14.0 (i.e. GP = 1.0 yr) ; E(AS) = 0.330, E(AS)/E(m) = 6.9 (Sum = 1.048)
Normalized elasticites for comparison with estimates above: 4.6%, 63.9%, 31.5%