Classic Readings in Psychiatry and Allied Fields

Version 1.1: 26 July 2008

Timothy M. Hall, MD PhD

This page and the associated "Classics Club" reading group are an attempt to

bring together some of the implicit canon in psychiatry. The idea for this page

arose when searches on PubMed and Google were unable to turn up recent

bibliographies of classic readings in psychiatry or clinical psychology, though

articles such as Kung et al (2004) document the existence of such canonical

lists, often in photocopied form locked away in filing cabinets of senior faculty.

This is currently a work in progress. At present it is compiled from various

syllabi in psychoanalysis, personality psychology, and cognitive science.

Over time, I hope to develop it inot an annotated guide to classic studies of

relevance to psychiatry residents.

References:

Kung, S., M. I. Lapid, and K. L. Philbrick. 2004. "An electronic filing cabinet for

'classic' articles and other teaching materials: something old, something new."

Acad Psychiatry 28:140-3.

I. General Models of Mind, Personality, and Development:

Attachment:

Ainsworth, Mary D. Salter, and John Bowlby

1991 An ethological approach to personality development. American Psychologist 46(4):333-341.

Main, M. (1995). Recent studies in attachment: Overview, with selected implications for c clinical work. In S. Goldberg, R.Muir, & J. Kerr (Eds.), Attachment theory: Social, developmental, and clinical perspectives (pp.407-474). Mahwah, N.J.: Erlbaum.

Simpson, J., Rholes, W., & Nelligan, J. (1992). Support seeking and support giving within couples in an anxiety-provoking situation: The role of attachment styles. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 434-446.

Love and Relationships:

Harlow, Harry F.

1958 The nature of love. American Psychologist 13:573-685.

Fisher, Helen E. , Arthur Aron, Debra Mashel, Haifang Li, and Lucy L. Brown. 2002. "Defining the brain systems of lust, romantic attraction, and attachment." Archives of Sexual Behavior 31:413–419.

Wierzbicka, Anna 1997    Understanding Cultures Through Their Key Words: English, Russian, Polish, German, and Japanese. New York: Oxford University Press. Introduction (1-31), English 'friendship' (33-55).

Perspectives on the Self:

Ulric Neisser.

1988 "Five Kinds of Self-Knowledge" In Philosophical Psychology, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 35-59.

Daniel Stern.

1985 The Interpersonal World of the Infant: a view from psychoanalysis and developmental psychology New York: Basic Books. pp. 69-123

Westen, Drew

1992 “The cognitive self and the psychoanalytic self: can we put our selves together?” Psychological Inquiry, 3(1) 1-13.

Hallowell, A. Irving

1955 “The Self and Its Behavioral Environment.” In Culture and Experience. A. I. Hallowell, ed. Pp. 75 -110. New York: Schocken Books.

Kondo, Dorinne K

1986 “Dissolution and reconstitution of self: implications for anthropological epistemology.” Cultural Anthropology 1(1):74-88.

Emotions:

Ekman, Paul

1999 “Basic Emotions.” In The Handbook of Cognition and Emotion. T. Dalgleish and M. Power, eds. Pp. 45-60. Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Levy, Robert I.

1984 “Emotion, Knowing, and Culture.” In Culture Theory: essays on mind, self, and emotion. R. Shweder and R. LeVine, eds. Pp. 214-237. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Lutz, Catherine

1985 “Ethnopsychology Compared to What? Explaining behavior and consciousness among the Ifaluk.” In Person, Self, and Experience: Exploring Pacific Ethnopsychologies. G. White and J. Kirkpatrick, eds. Pp. 35-79. Berkeley / Los Angeles: University of California Press.

Schachter, Stanley, and Jerome E. Singer

1962 “Cognitive, social and physiological determinants of emotional state.” Psychological Review 69(5): 379-99.

Zajonc, Robert B.

1980 “Thinking and feeling: preferences need no inferences.” American Psychologist 35:151-175.

Spiro, Melford E.

1984.   “Some Reflections on Cultural Determinism and Relativism with Special Reference to Emotion and Reason.” In Culture Theory: essays on mind, self, and emotion. R. A. Shweder and R. A. LeVine, eds. Pp. 323-346. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Martha Nussbaum, “Emotions and Judgments of Value”, Chapter 1 in Upheavals of Thought: The Intelligence of Emotions, (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001), p. 19-33.

Personality:

McAdams, Dan P. 1996 “Personality, modernity, and the storied self: a contemporary framework for studying persons.” Psychological Inquiry 7(4):295-321.

• Test construction and classical trait theory

McAdams, D. (1997). A conceptual history of personality psychology. In R. Hogan, J. Johnson, & S. Briggs (Eds.), Handbook of personality psychology (pp.3-40). NY: Academic Press.

Murray, H. (1938). Explorations in personality: A clinical and experimental study of fifty men of college age. N.Y.: Oxford University Press, pp. vi- xii, 38-49.

Allport, G. (1937). Personality: A psychological interpretation. New York: Holt and Company, pp.285-314.

Green, B. (1981). A primer of testing. American Psychologist, 36, 1001-1011.

Cronbach, L, & Meehl, P. (1955). Construct validity in psychological tests. Psychological Bulletin, 52, 281-302.

McCrae, R., & Costa, P. (1987). Validation of the five-factor model of personality across instruments and observers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 81-90.

• The Five Factor Model and the challenge to the trait construct

McCrae, R., & Costa, P.T., Jr. (1997). Personality trait structure as a human universal. American Psychologist, 52, 509-516.

Block, J. (1995). A contrarian view of the five-factor approach to personality description. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 187-215.

Westen, D. (1996). A model and a method for uncovering the nomothetic from the idiographic: A comparison with the Five Factor Model. Journal of Research in Personality, 30, 400-413.

Mischel, W. (1968). Personality and assessment. New York: Wiley, pp. 5-11, 20-30, 36-43, 68-72, 103-116, 145-148.

• The challenge to the challenge: Will the real personality please stand up?

Epstein, S. (1986). Does aggregation produce spuriously high estimates of behavior stability? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 1199-1210.

Kenrick, D., & Funder, D. (1988). Profiting from controversy: Lessons from the person-situation debate. American Psychologist, 43, 23-34.

Funder, D., & Colvin, C.R. (1991). Explorations in behavioral consistency: Properties of persons, situations, and behaviors. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 773-794.

Shedler, J., & Block, J. (1990). Adolescent drug use and psychological health: A longitudinal inquiry. American Psychologist, 45, 612-630.

• Heredity, environment, and evolution

Loehlin, J.C., Willerman, L., & Horn, J.M. (1987). Personality resemblance in adoptive families: A 10-year follow-up. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 961-969.

Plomin, E., DeFries, J., McClearn, G., & Rutter, M. (1997). Behavioral genetics. New York: Freeman, Ch.11 and 14 (pp.195-216 and 245-273).

Buss, D. (1991). Evolutionary personality psychology. Annual Review of Psychology, 42, 459-492.

Buss, D, Haselton, M., Shackelford, T., Bleske, A., & Wakefield, J.C. (1998). Adaptations, exaptations, and spandrels. American Psychologist, 53, 533-548.

Learning:

Rotter, J. (1954). Social learning and clinical psychology. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, pp.105-111, 165-168.

Bandura, A. (1967). The role of modeling in personality development. In C. Lavatelli & F. Stendler (Eds.)., Readings in childhood and development (pp.334-343). New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich.

Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37, 122-147.

Bandura, A., Ross, D., & Ross, S. A. (1961). Transmission of aggression through imitation of aggressive models. J Abnorm Soc Psychol, 63, 575-582.

Skinner, B. F.

1950 Are theories of learning necessary? Psychological Review 57:193-216.

General Cognition:

Miller, George A.

1956 The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review 63:81-97.

II. Psychotherapies and Psychotherapeutic Issues:

A. Psychodynamic Theories

Basic concepts in psychoanalysis:

Freud, Sigmund. (1910). Five lectures on psychoanalysis. New York: Norton, pp.1-48.

Freud, Sigmund. (1905/1962). Three contributions to the theory of sex. New York: Dutton, pp.35-46, 57-60.

Kohut, Heinz and Seitz, P. F. D. (1965) Concepts and Theories of Psychoanalysis. In: J. M. Wepman and R. W. Heine, eds. Concepts of the Personality. Chicago: Aldine. Pp: 113-141.

Ego Psychology: Anna Freud, Erik Erikson, Otto Kernberg et al.

Freud, Anna. (1936). The ego and the mechanisms of defense (Revised edition ed. Vol. 2). New York: International Universities Press.

Vaillant, G., & Vaillant, L.M. (1998). The role of ego mechanisms of defense in the diagnosis of personality disorders. In J. Barron (Ed.), Making diagnosis meaningful (pp.139-158). Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association Press.

Melford Spiro. (1987) "Religious systems as culturally constituted defense mechanisms." In Culture and Human Nature: theoretical papers of Melford E. Spiro. Benjamin Kilbourne and L. L. Langness (eds.) Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 145-160.

Erikson, Erik (1963/1986). The eight ages of man. In: Childhood and society, 3rd ed. New York: Norton, pp.247-274.

Kernberg, O. (1984). Structural diagnosis. Severe personality disorders. New Haven: Yale University Press, pp.3-27.

Object Relations: W. R. D. Fairbairn, D. W. Winnicott, et al.

Winnicott, Donald W. (1953) Transitional objects and transitional phenomena. International Journal of Psycho-analysis, 34 (part 2): 1-25.

Winnicott, Donald W. (1949) The use of an object. International Journal of Psycho-analysis, 50: 711-716.

Modell, Arnold H. (1985) The works of Winnicott and the evolution of his thought. J. American Psychoanalytic Association, 33 (supp): 113-137.

Fairbain, W. R. (1952) Psychoanalytic Study of the Personality. London: Tavistock. Chaps: 5, 6, 7

Bacal, H. A. (1987) British object-relations theorists and self-psychology: some critical reflections. International Journal of Psycho-analysis, 68: 81-91.

Melanie Klein:

Mitchell, Juliet (ed.) The Selected Melanie Klein. (1986) New York: The Free Press. Pp: 9-32, 68-83, 211-229.

Self Psychology: Heinz Kohut

Kohut, H. (1966). Forms and transformations of narcissism. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 14, 243-272.

Kohut, H. (1977). The bipolar self. The restoration of the self. N.Y.: International Universities Press, pp.71-199.

McWilliams, N. (1998). Relationship, subjectivity, and inference in diagnosis. In J. Barron (Ed.), Making diagnosis meaningful (pp.197-226). Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association Press.

Kohut, Heinz. (1972) Thoughts on narcissism and narcissistic rage. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 27: 360-400.

Therapeutic Relationships, Transference, Counter-Transference:

Groves, J. E. (1978). Taking care of the hateful patient. N Engl J Med, 298(16), 883-887.

Vaillant, G. E. (1992). The beginning of wisdom is never calling a patient a borderline; or, The clinical management of immature defenses in the treatment of individuals with personality disorders. Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research, 1, 117-134.

Modell, Arnold H. (1984) On having the right to a life. In: Psychoanalysis in a New Context. New York: Int. University Press. Chap 4. Originally published (1965) International Journal of Psycho-analysis, 46: 323-331.

Modell, Arnold H. (1993) The Private Self. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Chap. 1.

Freud, Sigmund. (1914[1958]) Remembering, repeating, and working through. SE XII. London: Hogarth Press. Pp: 145-156.

Freud, Sigmund. (1937{1964]) Analysis terminable and interminable. SE XXIII. London: Hogarth Press. Pp: 211-253.

Valenstein, A. F. (1973) On attachment to painful feelings and the negative therapeutic reaction. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 28: 365-392.

Lacan and Structuralist/Poststructuralist Theory:

Lacan, Jacques. 1977. The Mirror Stage. In Écrits. A Selection. London. Tavistock.

Grosz, Elizabeth A. 1990. Ch. 2: The Ego and the Imaginary. In Jacques Lacan: A feminist Introduction. New York: Routledge.

Irigaray, Luce. (1985) This Sex Which is Not One. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. Pp: 34-67.

B. Cognitive-Behavioral Theories

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies:

Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. (1984). Causal explanations as a risk factor for depression: Theory and evidence. Psychological Review, 91, 347-374.

Beck, A.T. (1996). Beyond belief: A theory of modes, personality, and psychopathology. In P.M. Salkovskis (Ed.), Frontiers of cognitive therapy (pp. 1-25). New York: Guilford Press.

Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, pp. xi-xiii, 1-22, 335-363.

Mischel, W., & Shoda, Y. (1995). A cognitive-affective system theory of personality: Reconceptualizing situations, dispositions, dynamics, and invariance in personality structure. Psychological Review, 102, 246-268.

Mischel, W. (1979). On the interface of cognition and personality: Beyond the person-situation debate. American Psychologist, 34, 740-754.

C. Existential Therapies:

Existential Theories: Rogers, Maslow, Fromm, and Frankl:

Rogers, C. (1959). A theory of therapy, personality, and interpersonal relationships, as developed in the client-centered framework. In S. Koch (Ed.), Psychology: A study of a science, Vol.3, Formulations of the personal and the social context (184-255). N.Y.: McGraw-Hill.

Maslow, A. (1962). Toward a psychology of being. Princeton, N.J.: Van Nostrand, pp.3-8, 19-41.

Maslow, Abraham H. 1943 A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review 50:370-396.

Becker, E. (1975). The denial of death. N.Y.: Free Press, pp.11-24.

Arndt, J., Greenberg, J., Solomon, S., Pyszczynski, T., & Simon, L. (1997). Suppression, accessibility of death-related thoughts, and cultural worldview defense: Exploring the psychodynamics of terror management. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 5-18.

Fromm, Erich. (1955). The emergence of the individual and the ambiguity of freedom. Escape from freedom. Greenwich, CT: Fawcett Books, pp.24-39.

Critiques of Psychiatry:

Szasz, Thomas S.

1960 The myth of mental illness. American Psychologist 15:113-118.

D. Temperamental and Biological Theories

Kraepelin, Emil (2007[1902]) Clinical Psychiatry: a textbook for students and physicians. selections.
A. Ross Diefendorf, trans. Kessinger Publishing [Reprint of Macmillan edition from 1902].

Akiskal, Hagop S. (1994b) "The temperamental borders of affective disorders." Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, Supplementum. 379:32-7, 1994.

–– (1996a) "Dysthymia as a temperamental variation of affective disorder." European Psychiatry, 11(Suppl 3): 117s-122s.

Akiskal, Hagop S.; Chen, Shen E.; Davis, Glenn C.; Puzantian, Vahe R.; Kashgarian, Mark; & Bolinger John M. (1985) "Borderline: an adjective in search of a noun." Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 46(2): 41-48.

III. Psychopathology

IV. Psychopathology:

Depression:

Freud, Sigmund

1956 Mourning and Melancholia. In Collected Works of Sigmund Freud. J. Strachey, ed, Vol. 4. London: Hogarth.

Winokur, G.

1997 All roads lead to depression: clinically homogeneous, etiologically heterogeneous. J Affect Disord 45(1-2):97-108.

Bipolar Disorders:

Goodwin, F. K., & Jamison, K. R. (2007). Manic-depressive illness: bipolar disorders and recurrent depression (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.

Eating Disorders:

Brumberg, Joan Jacobs. (1988 ) Fasting Girls: the emergence of anorexia nervosa as a modern disease. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. pp: 42-99.

Bruch, Hilda. (1978) The Golden Cage: the enigma of anorexia nervosa. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Chernin, Kim. (1985) The Hungry Self: women, eating, and identity. New York: Harper & Row. (on reserve at Regenstein Library)

Orbach, Susie. (1978) Fat is a Feminist Issue. New York: Berkeley Books.

Pope, Harrison G., Phillips, Katharine A., & Olivardia, Roberto. (2000) The Adonis Complex: how to identify, treat, and prevent body obsession in men and boys. New York: Simon & Schuster. Pp: 1-61

IV. Philosophical and Ethical Issues

Social Studies of Psychiatry:

Erving Goffman. (1961) Asylums. Garden City, NY: Doubleday. pp. 1-13.

Sue Estroff. (1981) Making it Crazy. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 3-67, 174-198, 240-248.

Luhrmann, Tanya M.

2000    Of Two Minds: the growing disorder in American psychiatry. New York, NY, US: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.

Ethics and Social Justice:

Farmer, Paul. 1996. On Suffering and Structural Violence: A View from Below. In Arthur Kleinman, Veena Das, and Margaret Lock, eds. Social Suffering. Special issue of Daedelus, Winter 1996, 125 (1):261-283.

Gender:

Chodorow, Nancy J. 1989a   “Being and Doing: a cross-cultural examination of the socialization of males and females.” In Feminism and Psychoanalytic Theory. Pp. 23-44. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Chodorow, Nancy

1989b    “Family Structure and Feminine Personality.” In Feminism and Psychoanalytic Theory. Pp. 45-65. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Mead, Margaret 1935    Sex and Temperament in three primitive societies. Pp: 245-275, 290-309. New York: Morrow Quill Paperbacks.

Fausto-Sterling, A. (1993) "The five sexes: why male and female are not enough." The Sciences. 33: 20-25. 
Gaulin, S. J. C. (1995) "Does evolutionary theory predict sex differences in the brain." pp. 1211-1225 In: Gazzaniga, M. S. (ed.) The Cognitive Neurosciences. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Wrangham, Richard and Petereson, Dale. (1996) Demonic males: apes and the origins of human violence. Boston : Houghton Mifflin

Theories of Culture:

Spiro, Melford E.

1987 “Social Systems, Personality, and Functional Analysis.” In Culture and Human Nature: theoretical papers of Melford E. Spiro. B. Kilborne and L.L. Langness, eds. Pp. 109-144. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

D'Andrade, Roy G.

1984 “Cultural Meaning Systems.” In Culture Theory: essays on mind, self, and emotion. R.A. Shweder and R. LeVine, eds. Pp. 88-119. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Bloch, Maurice

1991    “Language, Anthropology, and Cognitive Science.” Man 26(2):183-198.

Stocking, George

1968    “Franz Boas and the Culture Concept in Historical Perspective.” In: G. Stocking, ed. Race, Culture and Evolution. Pp. 195-233. New York: Free Press.

Spiro, Melford E.

1987    “Culture and Human Nature.” In Culture and Human Nature: theoretical papers of Melford E. Spiro. B. Kilborne and L.L. Langness, eds. Pp. 3-31. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Neisser, Ulric

1994    “Multiple systems: a new approach to cognitive theory.” European Journal of Cognitive Psychology 6(3):225 - 241.

Wierzbicka, Anna

2002    “Russian cultural scripts: the theory of cultural scripts and its applications.” Ethos 30(4):401-432.

D'Andrade, Roy G.

1992    “Schemas and Motivation.” In Human Motives and Cultural Models, R. D'Andrade and C. Strauss, eds. Pp: 23-44. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Dressler, William W. and Bindon, James

2000 “The health consequences of cultural consonance: cultural dimensions of lifestyle, social support, and arterial blood pressure in an African American community.” American Anthropologist 102(2): 244-260.

Culture and Diagnosis:

Benedict, Ruth. "The Individual and the Pattern of Culture," In Ruth Benedict, Patterns of Culture, Ch. 8:251-278, 1934.

Devereux, George. (1956) "Normal and Abnormal" In George Devereux, Basic Problems of Ethnopsychiatry. (1980: 3-71).Translated by Basia Miller Gulati and George Devereux. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Murphy, Jane. (1976) "Psychiatric Labeling in Cross-Cultural Perspective," Science 191:1019-1028.

Kleinman, Arthur. (1980) "Chinese cultural patterning of affective experience and behavior," In Kleinman, Arthur. Patients and Healers in the Context of Culture, pp. 133-151.

Kawanishi. (1992) "Somatization: An artifact of Western Medicalization?" Transcultural Psychiatry Research & Review, 29:5-36.

Prince, Raymond. (1980) "Variations in Psychotherapeutic Procedures," In H. Triandis & J. Draguns (eds.), Handbook of Cross-Cultural Psychology, vol..6, ch. 7.

Frank, Jerome D, and Julia B Frank 1991 Persuasion and healing: a comparative study of psychotherapy. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Triandis, H. (1989). The self and social behavior in differing cultural contexts. Psychological Bulletin, 96, 506-520.

Narrative Analysis:

Jerome Bruner, “Two Modes of Thought”, Chapter 2 in Actual Minds, Possible Worlds (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1986), p.11 – 25.

Jerome Bruner, “The Narrative Construction of Reality”, in Critical Inquiry, Vol. 18, No.1 (Autumn, 1991), p.1-21.

Jerome Bruner, “The Narrative Creation of Self”, in Making Stories, (Harvard University Press, 2003), p. 99 – 138.

Kenneth J. Gergen and Mary M. Gergen, “Narratives of the Self” in Memory, Identity, and Community: the Idea of Narrative in the Human Sciences”, edited by Lewis P. Hinchman and Sandra K. Hinchman, (State University of New York, 2001), p. 161 – 184.

Dan P. McAdams, “Prologue, A Life Story Made in America” (p.3-14); “Chapter 3, Life Stories”, (p.73 – 99), in The Redemptive Self: Stories Americans Live By (Oxford, 2006).

Paul John Eakin, “Storied Selves: Identity Through Self-Narration” in How Our Lives Become Stories (Cornell University Press, 1999), p. 99 – 141.

Ronald N. Jacobs, “The Narrative Integration of Personal and Collective Identity in Social Movements”, in Narrative Impact: Social and Cognitive Foundations, edited by Melanie C. Green, Jeffrey J. Strange, and Timothy C. Brock (New Jersey: Erlbaum Associates, 2002), p. 205 – 228.