All physical forms can be examined in terms of the elements - or properties - of earth, water, wind, and fire. These are manifest together with the additional property of consciousness. These are called the Five Great Elements (godai 五大).

In ancient times these elements were used to explain physical phenomena. Each of the five elements symbolises the perfection of any single aspect of the total universe in itself, but no element exists apart from its relationship to everything else.

The five elements interpenetrate freely, without any hindrance either in matter or mind, to form the body of life.

In meditation we can explore how the elements interact with each other. By observing nature with an unbiased mind, we can better understand our world and how we relate to it; and thereby reach perfect insight into all phenomena.

Earth

The earth element is that of solidity, hardness, and weight. The body is composed of solid particles; the bones, teeth, muscles, and other solid body tissues held together by the water element; supported, strengthened, and moved by the the wind element; and preserved and sustained by the fire element.

Water

Water represents the body fluids, and those aspects of the body that provide suppleness and flexibility. This element binds the earth element, which in turn, keeps the water element in place. Water also is supported by the wind element and sustained by the fire element.

Fire

Heat is the characteristic of the fire element. This element digests food, produces energy (metabolism), and preserves and sustains the other elements. It rests in the earth element, is held in place by the water element, and is supported by the wind element.

Wind

Wind is the motion element and is characterised by movement, strengthening, and supporting. Wind supports the body, giving it strength and the ability to move, corresponding to the breath. It rests in the earth element, is held in place by the water element, and is nourished by the fire element.

Consciousness or void

All of the elements contain consciousness. Consciousness itself is the enlightened mind, and since all the elements are imbued with consciousness, all things participate in enlightenment.

Symbolically The Five Elements are represented by the gorintõ (五輪塔) as in the chart below.