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Professor Sir John Pendry, of
Imperial College London, who helped pioneer superlenses, said: "If the speck of
dust is close enough it induces a very aggressive response in the cloaking
material which essentially acts back on the speck of dust and forces it to stop
shining.
'Cloaking device' idea
proposed
The
cloaking devices that are used to render spacecraft invisible in Star Trek might
just work in reality, two mathematicians have
claimed.
They have outlined
their concept in a research paper published in one of the UK Royal Society's
scientific journals.
Nicolae
Nicorovici and Graeme Milton propose that placing certain objects close to a
material called a superlens could make them appear to
vanish.
It would rely on an
effect known as "anomalous localised
resonance".
However, the authors
have so far only done the maths to verify that the concept could work. Building
such a device would undoubtedly pose a significant
challenge.
Starting
small
Cloaking devices are a form
of stealth technology much favoured by Star Trek baddies such as the Romulans
and Klingons.
The complex
mathematical phenomenon outlined by Milton and Nicorovici closes the gap a
little between science fiction and
fact.
The phenomenon is
analogous to a tuning fork (which rings with a single sound frequency) being
placed next to a wine glass. The wine glass will start to ring with the same
frequency; it resonates.
The
cloaking effect would exploit a resonance with light waves rather than sound
waves.
The concept is at such a
primitive stage that the scientists talk only at the moment of being able to
cloak particles of dust - not
spaceships.
In this example, an
illuminated speck of dust would scatter light at frequencies that induce a
strong, finely tuned resonance in a cloaking material placed very close
by.
The resonance effectively
cancels out the light bouncing off the speck of dust, rendering the dust
particle invisible.
One way to
construct a cloaking device is to use a superlens, made of recently discovered
materials that force light to behave in unusual
ways.
Vanishing
point
Professor Sir John Pendry,
of Imperial College London, who helped pioneer superlenses, said: "If the speck
of dust is close enough it induces a very aggressive response in the cloaking
material which essentially acts back on the speck of dust and forces it to stop
shining.
"Even though light is hitting
the speck of dust, scattering of the light is prevented by the cloak which is in
close proximity," he told the BBC News
website.
The authors of the
paper argue that the cloak needn't just work with a speck of dust, but could
also apply to larger objects.
But they
admit the cloaking effect works only at certain frequencies of light, so that
some objects placed near the cloak might only partially
disappear.
"I believe their
claims about the speck of dust and a certain class of objects. In the paper,
they do give an instance about a particular shape of material they can't cloak.
So they can't cloak everything," said Professor
Pendry.
"Nevertheless, it's a
very neat idea to get this aggressive response from the material to stop tiny
things emitting light."
The
Imperial College physicist agreed this particular concept had potential military
uses: "Providing the specks of dust are within the cloaked area, the effect will
happen. A cloak that only fits one particular set of circumstances is very
restrictive - you can't redesign the furniture without redesigning the
cloak."
Details are published in
Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering
Sciences.
Posted: Thu - May 4, 2006 at 12:29 AM