August 8, 1862 - April 26, 1863

1862

AUGUST 1862

Friday, August 8 - Enlisted into the service of the United States of America for three years unless sooner discharged. Enlisted under E.A.Curtis. Having thought seriously upon the affair ever since the war first commenced but circumstances has been such that I have not enlisted before as I was away from home the first season and wished to see my friends before I left for war and when I visited them they were so much opposed to it I made up my mind to stay until a more favorable time. I feel that it is my duty that I owe both God and my country and may the Father of us all strengthen and prepare me to ever do my duty and my whole duty. Went to Uncle Spinney's that evening with a sad heart at the thought of bidding all my friends farewell. Visited the last resting place of my dear brother and sisters.

Saturday, August 9 - Went to Clymer and got my trunk and took it home. Stayed at home that night.

Sunday, August 10 - At home. Visiting.

Monday, August 11 - At home writing for A.B. Spinney and visiting.

Tuesday, August 12 - At home doing nearly the same as the day before.

Wednesday, August 13 - At home until nearly night then started for Camp at Jamestown. Went to Uncle Spinney's and stayed overnight.

Thursday, August 14 - In the morning went to Bear Lake and took the cars for Jamestown. Arrived there just before noon. Eat the first dinner in soldiers style. Very good.

15th - Waiting to be examined and mustered.

16th - Examined and mustered into the service of the U.S.

17th - Attended meeting in camp ground services by Rev. Forrester.

Sunday 24th - At home perhaps for the last time. In the evening went to Uncle Spinneys and had a good visit. Stayed overnight.

August 25th - Went to Panama station and took the cars and returned to camp with a heavy heart. Feel lonely in camp separated from home and friends.

26th - Not enjoying myself much being pretty near sick.

27th - Feel well today. Volunteered to go on guard. Quite rainy in middle of the day.

28th - Very rainy last night. On guard ten hours in the last twenty-four. Some folks from town here to see the soldiers but I did not enjoy their company as well as I should some others from that place.

29th - Rec'd one half of my state bounty, 25.00. Saw Joseph H. (Hoyt). Had short visit with him.

30th - Feel well today. Worked on the barracks in the afternoon. Enjoyed myself well. Weather clear and cool.

Sunday, Aug 13th - Attended meeting in the forenoon. Spent the remainder of my time in reading and thinking of my past and future life. Heard the Freedom band play towards night but it did not make me any happier.

SEPTEMBER 1862

Sept 1st - Received a part of my uniform. Did not drill any as it rained nearly all the time.

Sept 2nd - Acted police of the barracks. Had a very busy time of it.

Sept 3rd - Went to Ashville to picknick but did not enjoy it first rate.

Sept 4th - Was in camp as usual but received a visit from Henry Lewok and Betsy Lewok and Sarah Spinney.

Sept 5th - Was in the hospital in Jamestown taking care of Mr. Simmons, one of our company.

Sept 6th - Was in the hospital until nearly night. Then went home in the night. Arrived at home at 9 o'clock a.m., probably for the last time, at present at least, and perhaps forever be it as it may. May God's will be done.

Sept 7th - Sunday. Ate the last dinner perhaps that I ever shall eat at home. Who knows. O! how solemn to think of leaving our parental roof where we have spent so many happy hours. Four o'clock p.m. A little supper and then bid my father, mother, and brothers adieu. Then went to Uncle Spinneys and stayed overnight. Visited with them and had a good time considering how soon I must leave.

Sept 8th - Monday. Monday morning I took the parting hand of my friends and started for camp. Went to Bear Lake and took the cars for Jamestown. Went into camp a little after noon and then towards night, went to the hospital to take care of a sick man. In the evening, I went to the Depot to take leave of my friends that have been here that are to go away in the cars.

Sept 9th - In camp. The same as usual. In the First Battalion drill commanded by Col. Drake.

Sept 10th - Visited with brother Freeman in the morning and then took a last leave of him. Probably I shall not see any more of my near relative while in this camp.

Sept 11th - Received twenty-seven dollars from the United States government as the $25.00 advance bounty and the two dollars premium for each recruit.

Sept 12th - Friday. All confusion and hurrah as we are packing up for Elmira. We must leave at six o'clock and bid adieu to our home association for three years. Oh what a solemn thought-but all is vanity and vexation of spirit. But, all I have to say is God's will be done and I will try and not murmur. Left Jamestown at about eight o'clock P.M.

Sept 13th - Arrived at Elmira about two 8 o'clock A.M. Stayed in Elmira about two hours. Changed cars in the time and then left for Baltimore. Arrived at Williamsport in the afternoon. Was served a good supper by the ladies of the City. Oh, may God bless them for it.

Sept 14th - Arrived in Baltimore a little before daylight between six and seven. Marched up through the city to the other depot. Had a comfortable breakfast and then started for Washington. Arrived there at one o'clock. Visited the capitol, and had a good time considering everything. For supper we had rather hard fare, regular soldier fare. Supper- a piece of bread and pork without either knife or fork or plate to eat with. At night, slept on the softside of the floor.

Monday, Sept 15th - Stayed in Washington until about four o'clock, then went on board a boat bound for Fortress Monroe. Sailed until 9 P.M.

Sept 16th - Sailed down the Potomac and Chesipeak Bay. Anchored just at night in front of Fortress Monroe.

Sept. 17th - Sailed down to Norfolk and stayed there a little while and then got on board the cars and went to Suffolk. Arrived there, just dark. Prepared for battle. Received gun and ammunition and slept upon the ground by our arms.

Thursday, Sept 18th, Suffolk, Va. - Between three and four was routed and drawn up in line of battle. I was kept standing until daylight.

Sept 19th - Put up our tents.

Sept 20th - Was appointed as corporal. Wrote a letter to Freeman Hoyt.

Sept 21st - Sunday. Attended meeting and wrote a letter to C.P.Graves and Miss Sarah Spinney.

Sept 22nd - In the morning, I saw about twenty-five hundred men start off on a reconnaissance.

Sept 23rd - Just before dinner were ordered to fall in line of battle armed and equiped but the Colonel soon gave up orders to eat our dinner. So soon as dinner was over, we formed in but our company soon detailed to tear down a railroad bridge which kept them busy until night.

Sept 24th - Marched in camp as usual.

Sept 25th - Drilling the men as common.

Sept 26th - Drilling and taking care of some of my sick comrades.

Saturday, Sept 27th - Acted as Corporal of a fatigue party chopping and throwing up earthworks.

Sunday, Sept 28th - Went through with weekly inspection for the first time. Wrote a letter to Sarah Spinney. Just at night, went about one mile to Fort McClelland. Stayed all night. Slept upon the ground.

Sept 29, Suffolk, Va. - Went out to picket as Corporal with six men. Had a very hard job to keep them awake that night.

Sept 30th - Stayed on duty until night.

OCTOBER 1862

Oct 1st - Wrote one letter to Sarah Spinney. Went downtown and got my picture taken for Mother. At night went to the hospital to take care of the sick.

Oct 2nd - At the hospital attending upon the sick. Trying to do all the good I can. LETTER 1

Oct 3rd - In the hospital most of the time until just night when we were ordered to form a line of battle and were marched about one mile to a new intrenchment and camped for the night.

Saturday, Oct 4th - In the fort until noon then went out on picket on the Nansemond River. Stayed overnight.

Sunday, Oct 5th - Still on picket until just night, then returned to camp.

Monday, Oct 6th - Wrote two letters.

Oct 7th - In the forenoon, running around among the pickets. In the afternoon in the hospital most of the time. At 8 o'clock P.M. attended the burial of the first soldier that has died out of the 112th Reg. Oh what a solemn day I have spent. After that, returned to the hospital and watched with my sick comrades. Wrote letter to Joseph Hoyt.

Wednesday, Oct 8th - Trouble upon trouble.

Oct 9th - In camp as usual. Visited hospital.

Oct 10th - Corporal of a fatigue party to work on Fort Nansemond.

Oct 11th - In camp. Nearly sick.

Sunday, Oct 12th - O Lord God, deliver me from the army.

Oct 13th - In camp. Feeling better physically than for a few days previous.

Tuesday, Oct 14th - Corporal of the Guard.

Oct 15th - On guard until nine o'clock. Then visited the hospital and wrote a letter.

Oct 16th - Drilling and visiting the hospital to work for the sick. Saw a man that had been shot through the leg.

Oct 17th - In camp, drilling as usual. Had a bath.

Saturday, Oct 18th - In camp and in the hospital. Sat up with Daniel M. Waite and Frank. Daniel's in the hospital.

Sunday, Oct 19th - Slept until nearly eleven o'clock. Then was called to the hospital to see my friend-my first bunkmate-depart from this world-died without a struggle. In the afternoon, made arrangements to have him embalmed and sent home. Borrowed sixty-seven dollars on the company to defray the expenses of sending his body home. Surgeon Burnham to embalm him. Paid him twenty dollars for the same.

Oct 20th - Got D. M. Waite's affairs arranged and saw him placed in his coffin. Had his body shipped to Clymer, N.Y. Go to rest, reflecting on my past, present, and future life.

Oct 21st - Attended Grand Review. Had a pretty hard time of it. Had to carry knapsack, gun, and accouterments. In the afternoon, visited the hospital and saw Henry Smith, breathing his last.

Oct 22nd - Corporal of the Guard.

Oct 23rd - Saw a soldier laid in his coffin for burial without clothing save his blanket. O! how detestable. Commenced building a log hut for the winter. Hoping to stay here.

Oct 24th - At work on our house until just night when I was detailed as corporal of the Guard at Gen. Foster's headquarters.

Saturday, Oct 25th - At Gen. Foster's headquarters as corporal of the guard until nearly night.

Oct 26th - In camp as usual writing letters and passing the time away as best I can.

Monday, Oct. 27th - Corporal of the picket guard station.

Oct 28th - Came in from guard a little before noon. In the afternoon at work fixing my house for winter.

Oct 29th - In the forenoon attended brigade drill. In the afternoon reported at Gen. Foster's headquarters as corporal of the guard at that place.

Oct 30th - At Gen. Foster's headquarters until just night, then returned to camp. In the evening attended two soldier's funerals, one from Co. C. and one from Co. G. Alas, how uncertain is life. O how certain is death. Therefore we all should be prepared. Two buried from the 130th.

Friday, Oct 31st - Was mustered for pay which kept us busy about three hours. In the afternoon assisted the hospital and studied tactics.

NOVEMBER 1862

Nov 1st - In camp. Feeling nearly sick. In the afternoon built over our chimney. Another funeral tonight.

Nov 2nd - In my bunk most of the time.

Nov 3rd - Corporal of a fatigue party to work on Fort Nansemond. Weather very pleasant-warm as September up north. The leaves on the trees quite green. Turned on some trees. Fort Nansemond is a strong place about fifteen rods on the inside of the walls or embankments. Built diamond shape.

Nov 4th - On fatigue duty at Fort Union. Just commenced it. It is a very large work situated on what is called Gen. Wetsel's (Weitzel) front.

Nov 5th - Sick in my bunk, not able to sit up much.

Nov 6th - Sick with a diarrhea.

Nov 7th - Feel a little better today. Ate considerable. The first snow fell last night. Snowed the last part of the night but it went off as fast as it came except about two inches of snow which remained until sunup.

Sat., Nov 8th - Feeling about the same as usual. Received a pillow by the hand of (Lerent? ) Hoyt from Panama.

Sunday, Nov 9th - Not able to sit up near all of the time.

Monday, Nov 10th - All quiet, peaceable in camp. Not drafting here. Not feeling well-by considerable.

Nov 11th - Wend downtown and bought a quart of milk but got pretty tired.

Nov 12th - Lay in my bunk most of the time, not feeling as strong as the day before. General review by Gen. Dix today. Just two months today since we left Jamestown.

Nov 13th - In camp as usual. Feeling a little better than the day before.

Nov 14th - O! how small amount of care a sick soldier gets. It is a wonder that more do not die. Our pickets driven in for two nights past.

Saturday, Nov 15th - Received some things from home last night. O! how thankful I am that they still remember us and are willing to divide with us, or send us some things we so much need. Oh, it is a great help to me to get a few things such as I cannot get here for any price.

Nov 16th - Gaining a little but quite weak yet.

Nov 17th - Our regiment went to Black Water on a reconnaissance but I was not able to go with them but wish I was.

Tuesday, Nov 18th - In camp as usual.

Nov 19th - Our men return from Black Water all safe and sound but very lame. I think I am on the gain but very slow.

Nov 20th - The frogs sang this morning nicely. I am not feeling quite as well as common today.

Nov 21st - Feeling some better today. A little cooler. Wrote a letter to Joseph.

Nov 22nd - Feeling better. Feel that I have been greatly blessed since I have been sick.

Sunday, Nov 23rd - Spent as much of my time as I could conveniently in reading my Bible, a good paper.

Nov 24th - Pretty cool wind.

Nov 25th - Very warm and clear for this time of year. Feeling quite well.

Nov 26th - In camp visiting the sick and enjoying myself as well as I can.

Nov 27th - Spent the day as well as I could in writing letters. Did not have any big Thanksgiving dinner but got along just as well, I suppose.

Nov 28th - Feeling quite well. Weather warm and pleasant.

Nov 29th - Had some oysters for breakfast. Feel pretty well.

Nov 30th - Wrote a letter to Dr. Graves and to Freeman. Read my Bible what spare time I could get.

DECEMBER 1862

Monday, Dec 1st - Another expedition started for Black Water with two days rations.

Dec 2nd - In camp as usual.

Dec 3rd - The expedition returned from Black Water with two guns and twenty prisoners ragged enough.

Dec 4th - Warm and cloudy with prospect of a rain.

Dec 5th - Rainy all day. The regiment ordered to move out to Fort McClelland about four o'clock P.M. As I did not feel able to march, I concluded to stay in my tent.

Dec 6th - Clear and cold, disagreeable weather.

Dec 7th - In my tent as usual writing and reading.

Dec 8th - Very cold. Ground froze.

Dec 9th - Writing letters and cooking. Took a bath.

Dec 10th - Weather quite warm. Am feeling quite poorly, not as well as I have been for few days previous.

Dec 11th - Another expedition started for Black Water. More prospects of a fight than any time previous. Seven regiments of infantry, two of cavalry, eight sections of artillery. Weather very warm and pleasant.

Dec 12th - Stayed alone last night. Enjoyed it very much. In the morning went to Ft. McClelland to where our regiment has been in camp. Found-received-a box for Co. G.

Dec 13th - The 112th returned from Black Water all well. Saw a man that was shot through the heart at Black Water, five killed, fifteen wounded. Rebs unknown.

Dec 14th - Warm and pleasant. Too warm for comfort outdoors. Wrote a letter to Lewis and one to Stephen (Pasmenter? ). Attended meeting at the 6th headquarters.

Dec 15th - Visited Fort Halleck. Got pretty tired.

Dec 16th - Went out on fatigue but it rained so hard that I did not stay.

Dec 17th - At camp. Lousy but not on duty. Weather quite cold. Walter Reisley died this morning. O! how certain death is. The strong as well as the weak must fall.

Dec 18th In camp. Short rations.

Dec 19th - Corporal of the fatigue party at Fort Union.

Dec 20th - In the forenoon, out on Co. drill. In the afternoon on Battalion drill.

Dec 21st - Corporal of the Guard again.

Dec 22nd - Dismissed from Guard in the morning. In the afternoon on Battalion drill.

Dec 23rd - Up with James Lewis from one o'clock in the morning until early daylight. Spent the day in drilling.

Dec 24th - In the morning we marched upon the color line for the purpose of monthly inspection. While there, saw them shoot the guns of Ft. McClelland and saw the shells fly nicely.

Dec 25th - Christmas. Not on any duty or drill. Spent the day in visiting various places. One of the most interesting was the camp of the 11th Pennsylvania Cavalry. I saw the two pieces of the celebrated rocket battery that was captured from our men on the peninsula and recaptured by Colonel Spears at Black Water.

Dec 26th - This Christmas and the one I spent one year ago-what a contrast-last year surrounded by my friends and now not one near me, far removed from them all on this errand of death. O! God help me do thy holy will.

Dec 27th - Went to James Lewis' funeral. Saw a woman weep for the first time since we left Chautaugua County.

Dec 28th - I am sorry to say I have not spent this day as I ought having been obliged to move. Set up my tent which has kept me quite busy except time to write a letter to Freeman. A large fence gone to reinforce Gen. Foster at Nubern, North Carolina. Sat up with Capt. Curtis Sunday night.

Dec 29th - Sat up with Capt. from twelve midnight to six o'clock P.M. Corcorans Legion came in last evening. Corcoran takes command.

Dec 30th - Taking care of Capt. Curtis.

Dec 31st - In the forenoon, mustered for the last two months. In the afternoon and first part of the night taking care of Capt., thinking of what has transpired in the past, and gone. Oh long will I remember this eve as I am seated by the couch of my sick captain with little or naught to cheer me as the wind howls around our camp. Ah, many a poor soldier this night is shivering for want of clothes and fire. Many a one lies upon his couch languishing with pain for want of care, for some kind hand to bathe his fevered brow. Oh how many, yes, how very many are wishing in his heart that a kind mother or sister or companion or friend might wipe the teardrops from his eyes and relieve his aching heart. As I sit here to see the last minutes of 1862 pass away, I make a vow to live a better life for a year to come than I have for a year past. O! may God help by his grace me to do. There, another year is gone and I am still alive and for what purpose God only knows.

1863

JANUARY 1863

1863

Thursday, Jan. 1st - Weather clear and cool. In the forenoon taking care of Curtis. In the afternoon moved over to the old camp to take care of Capt. Andrews.

Jan 2nd - Jan 2nd - On duty, the same as all the week.

Jan 3rd - Busy as a bee taking care of the Captain.

Jan 4th - Busying myself as usual. Did not have any time to read or write.

Jan 5th - In the morning went to the other camp and got a turkey that Aunt Spinney had sent me.

Jan 6th - Attending the sick as usual.

Jan 7th - In the forenoon at work on our tent. In the afternoon taking care of the sick.

Jan 8th - Another expedition started at six o'clock on a reconnoiter. 112th gone but I still stay with the Capt.

Jan 9th - Some snow on the ground for the second time this winter. Snowed some in the forenoon. Nearly gone before night. Received a quilt from the hospital dept.

Jan 10th - Our men returned at 11 o'clock evening.

Jan 11th - Wrote a letter to Freeman and waited upon the Captain and Lieut. Andrews. About four P.M. went to the depot and returned with Capt. and lieutenants wives.

Jan 12th - Choreing for Capt. and Lieut.

Jan 13th - Visited the Pennsylvania Cavalry. Wrote a letter to Joseph. Weather warm.

Jan 14th - Wrote a letter to Sarah Spinney. In the evening picked some poultry.

Jan 15th - Windy and warm weather.

Jan 16th - Need a few things from home-butter and cheese.

Jan 17th - Corporal of the Guard. Weather clear.

Jan 18th - In the morning came off guard. In the afternoon went and got a load of wood for the first time.

Jan 19th - On company drill in the afternoon.

Jan 20th - In the morning went downtown and bought a peck of apples. Returned to the depot to see C. W. Hoyt and several others leave for Chautaugua. Rained and blew very hard tonight.

Jan 21st - Running around downtown. Bought some oysters and fish. Invited Lieut. Damond and Corporal Zucher to eat with us.

Jan 22nd - In camp as usual. Weather cool and misty.

Jan 23rd - Corporal of the Guard. Lieut. Damon left for home. I am sorry. In the evening went to the Darkies dance to play the banjo.

Jan 24th - In the forenoon went downtown. In the afternoon wrote a letter to Freeman Hoyt.

Jan 25th - Attended church downtown. Preaching by Chaplain Hyde.

Jan 26th - In the forenoon downtown. In the afternoon attended Battalion drill and dress parade.

Jan 27th - In the forenoon wrote a letter to S. S. (Sarah Spinney). In the afternoon slept most of the time. Weather rainy.

Jan 28th - Weather cool and rainy. Corporal of the Guard at the old camp.

Jan 29th - Received my pay from eighth of September.

Jan 30th - Awoke at 5 o'clock A.M. and the first sound that greeted my ears was the rattle of the cannon eleven miles away. Ate breakfast and we soon got orders to go and reinforce our men at that place; started at 8 o'clock. Marched about seven miles when I had to stop and rest. The regiment left me but soon they stopped and I overtook it. Again was obliged to leave it again but kept moving slowly after it, but did not overtake it until it arrived on the field of the lake encounter. Oh, what a bloody looking spot. But nothing to what some places are. At sunset started for camp ahead of the regiment. Arrived at camp twenty minutes to twelve at night. Tired and sore. The regiment arrived at one o'clock with the loss of one man, Orderly Watson of Co. C.

Jan 31st - In the forenoon visited the hospital and Davises battery. Saw the gun that was disabled yesterday.

FEBRUARY 1863

Sunday, February 1st - Wrote a letter to Freeman and attended church at the Methodist Episcopal Church in Suffolk. Preaching by Chaplain Hyde. Enjoyed it well.

Feb 2nd - Went with the Regiment as an escort to Orderly Watson's body to the cars. Some of the Reb prisoners on board. The cars bound for Fort Monroe. Nineteen in all. Sent ten dollars home by Rubert Reisley to Freeman. Eight dead bodies in cars.

Feb 3rd - In the forenoon went after a load of wood but found it very snowy and windy. Snow as much as six inches deep. In the afternoon wrote a letter to Joseph and his wife.

Feb 4th - Got a load of wood and wrote a letter to Sarah and Freeman. Weather cold, snow six inches deep. Corporal of the Guard but did not stand guard because of the cold.

Feb 5th - Detailed as corporal of the guard but not act on account of the cold.

Feb 6th - Corporal of picket. Weather very rainy. Snow all gone.

Feb 7th - Came off picket. Saw the Second Wisconsin Battery practice with their guns. Weather warm and pleasant.

Feb 8th - Attended monthly Regimental inspection and went to classes at the M.E. Church in Suffolk.

Feb 9th - Weather warm and clear. Visited the 11th Penn. Cavalary in the forenoon. In the afternoon went on Battalion drill and after dress parade helped raise the flagpole in front of the Colonel's quarters by singing and cheers.

Feb 10th - Visited the hospital and Howard's Battery and I saw the 4th Wisconsin shoot at target.

Feb 11th - Attended drill. Weather damp. Rained a little.

Feb 12th - Weather cool and misty. Battalion and company drill.

Feb 13th - Attended company and Battalion drill. I slept in Ft. Union at night. Weather clear and warm.

Feb 14th - Went downtown. Visited the C Battalion drill in the afternoon.

Feb 15th - Spent my time in reading except what time I spent at the African lunch in Suffolk. Saw flowers of different kinds in bloom. Picked a dandelion. Walked over the cemetery in Suffolk. Graves adorned in various styles. Rebs graves open.

Feb 16th - Attended drill as usual. I made a ring for Charley. In the evening heard a darky playing banjo in our tent. Feeling rather sober and absent-minded.

Feb 17th - In the morning, the first news heard was that one of my bunkmates, Robert, was shot about two o'clock on picket. Went to the hospital and made him a short visit. In the forenoon made Edson a ring. Weather very rainy and disagreeable.

Feb 18th - Reading most of the time. Rainy and cool weather.

Feb 19th - In the forenoon visited the hospital. In the afternoon made a ring for Butler.

Feb 20th - Spent my time in reading when not on drill.

Feb 21st - Attended drill as usual and visited the hospital.

Feb 22nd - Snow fell last night to the depth of two inches but it rained all the forenoon and took it off. Visited the hospital and wrote a letter to Freeman. George Washington's birthday anniversary.

Feb 23rd - Corporal of the Guard. So cold that they did not stand.

Feb 24th - In the morning went to the hospital to get the boys requisitions for clothing. At four o'clock the whole regiment formed on the color line and marched to the front of the Colonel's headquarters to receive a splendid stand of colors presented to us by the ladies to the hand of Colonel Allen. O! long may it wave. Speeches were made followed by cheers.

Feb 25th - Had a good night. Weather warm and pleasant.

Feb 26th - Visited the hospital. Feel rather lonesome and discontented. Weather warm and a little rainy.

Feb 27th - On drill as usual until nearly night when I was sent to Gen. Peck's headquarters with nine men as guard for the same.

Feb 28th - Monthly inspection. Muster for pay for four months. At camp today but I was at Gen. Peck's headquarters so I did not attend.

MARCH 1863

Sunday, March 1st - Writing letters and reading. Feel rather out of humor, discontented. The bodies of the soldiers sent home today. The frogs are singing tonight. I believe they have every month through the winter. I remember that they did in February to welcome spring. March 2nd - Visited the hospital. Attended drill. Weather warm and clear and very mild. Feeling in better spirits than for a few days previous.

March 3rd - Clear and cool.

March 4th - No drill. We had to remove the cover from our tents. Visited the hospital. Went downtown. Weather clear and cold. Just two years ago President Lincoln took his seat as President of the United States.

March 5th - Detailed a corporal of the guard. Had a good time of it.

March 6th - Windy and dusty. Attended company drill in the street; the first bayonet exercise.

March 7th - In the forenoon a company drill in bayonet exercise. In the afternoon a Brigade drill commanded by Col. Foster, acting Brigadier Gen. Five regiments in our brigade now. After drill went to the old camp to take care of Dr. E. Boyd.

March 8th - The first thunder shower of this year. Taking care of Dr. Boyd. This day seems nearer like Sunday than anything I have seen since I enlisted.

March 9th - Still acting as nurse for the sick although I feel nearly sick myself. Weather very warm and pleasant.

March 10th - In the morning returned to camp and slept all the forenoon. In the afternoon spent my time in reading. The weather cool and rainy.

March 11th - Stayed with Dr. Boyd in the forenoon. In the afternoon went to the depot and got some things from home. Wrote a letter to Freeman. LETTER 2

March 12th - With Dr. Boyd until afternoon. Went to the depot to see if his wife had come but was disappointed.

March 13th - Corporal of a fatigue party at Fort Union. Capt. and wife of Dr. Boyd arrived this evening. The first of the 9th army corps arrived today. Cold and windy.

March 14th - Company drill in the forenoon and Brigade review in the afternoon by Col. Folensby of the 6th ( ). One of the 16th corps came near freezing to death last night. Had been drinking. Weather some windy and cold.

March 15th - Walked around with Mrs. Monroe and attended church in the forenoon and in the afternoon attended church with our regiment in Suffolk, Va.

March 16th - Corporal of picket on the second post from the reserve. Had charge of 12 men and three posts, two at the left. What a contrast between this open hut and army grist. Home as night gathers her mantle around us. Naught to cheer us save the thought of doing right and doing our duty. O! that this war might soon be brought to a close and we be returned to our homes and friends.

March 17th - On picket until noon. 11th Cavalry had a skirmish. In the afternoon, visited the hospital.

March 18th - On company drill in the forenoon. In the afternoon Battalion drill.

March 19th - Rainy in the forenoon. Some hail in the afternoon. A very snowy and cool night.

March 20th - Snowing pretty briskly most of the day.

March 21st - In the forenoon rainy. Having a regular equinoctial storm. It makes out to be a rainy day and the snow is leaving us very fast. I am lonesome and wish I might be at home. But, alas, what use is it to wish as long as a man is in the service of Uncle Sam.

March 22nd - Snow nearly gone. Weather warm and pleasant. Spent my time in reading and at church services by chaplain. Quite a touching sermon and good exortation.

March 23rd - Battalion drill and other exercises as usual.

March 24th - Weather warm and pleasant. Visited the hospital and attended drill. Firing by the 4th Wisconsin Battery.

March 25th - Rainy the latter part of the night and in the morning. Fair in the afternoon. I was detailed as corporal of the fatigue at the Battery north of the South Quay Bridge.

March 26th - Weather clear and cool. Firing by the 2nd Wisconsin Battery at Fort Nansemond and musket firing in Terry's Brigade. The nicest day I have seen. In the forenoon visited the hospital. My picture taken, enjoyed 8 photographs. In the afternoon on battalion drill.

March 27th - Went downtown and got my boot fixed and saw S. Sessions and Mrs. Ellis on board the cars bound for home. Weather pleasant and a little cool.

March 28th - Company drill in forenoon. Rainy in the afternoon and evening.

March 29th - In the forenoon after inspection visited the 11th Penn. Cavalry and the 155th and some other regiments. Saw some peach trees in full bloom. Spent the remainder of the day in reading and writing letters. Weather cool and cloudy, a little windy.

March 30th - Weather cold but clear. In the forenoon on company drill in the manual of arms by Colonel Carpenter. In the afternoon on brigade drill.

March 31st - No duties, only sick call to attend today. Spent my time in writing and reading. A little rainy today.

APRIL 1863

Wednesday, April 1 - All Fools Day. Weather clear and cool. Company drill forenoon and afternoon. April 2nd - Two company drills, the same as yesterday. No Battalion drill on the account of a heavy wind. Sand flies. The Reb cavalry picket in sight of ours on the Sumerton Road so our cavalry pickets report to the infantry pickets this evening.

April 3rd - Corporal of the guard under Lieut. Sherwin of Co. A. Had a very good time as we were dismissed at ( ). Weather cold and windy.

April 4th - On guard until 8 o'clock A.M. Then spent the remainder of the forenoon in visiting the boys at the hospital. No drill, it is so cold and windy. About 4 o'clock P.M. it commenced snowing and snowed most of the night but the weather moderated and so the snow melted nearly as fast as it fell.

April 5th - Snow about three inches deep. Weather quite warm, a little rainy. Snow nearly gone. Our company slept in the fort and I with them. An alarm on picket. Eight of the men that garrison the fort called up.

April 6th - In the forenoon visited the hospital. Vaccinated myself. On battalion drill in the afternoon. Major Keys visited this place this afternoon but did not visit the 112th as he intended to. Colonel Drake returned from Chautaugua.

April 7th - Visited the 11th Penn. for the purpose of being there at picket mounting. Saw where one of the 69th was killed yesterday by one of his own company. On other camp duties the same as usual in the forenoon. In the afternoon on brigade drill. Weather is little cloudy but warm and pleasant.

April 8th - On company drill in the forenoon. Broke my gun rammer. Dean promoted corporal. The company very much dissatisfied. Battalion drill in the afternoon. First swallows made their appearance.

April 9th - Camp duties as usual. Visited the hospital.

April 10th - Two company drills. Went and saw Mr. Leosa. Very sick and not much chance for him to live. Dr. Boyd not as well. The 16th got onto the cars to leave but were ordered back to camp.

April 11th - Went on picket on the second post-last of the first post from the reserve Capt. Ludwick, office of the picket. Capt. Matthews, brigade officer of the day. Drake division officer of the day. About three o'clock was ordered to take charge of a new post just beyond where the old outpost was but is moved beyond. Our pickets drove in twice on the South Quay Road and 24 cavalry captured. All quiet on the Sumerton Road until just as I was eating my breakfast this morn.

April 12th - We have just been deployed as skirmishers in consequence of an attack on the cavalry pickets by Reb infantry. What a contrast between this holy Sabbath day (as I am seated on this stump watching for the enemy and writing) and those I have spent at home at my father's fireside. About one o'clock returned to camp after getting a good sight of the enemy. Went into Fort Union. Firing by our gun boats but without any response. I feel to put my trust in God, one that is strong and able to save. O! my God, help me to be ready for whatsoever awaits me. Weather very warm and dry. A little rain in the evening.

April 13th - We were called up at five o'clock this morning so as to be ready. About nine o'clock our pickets drove in on the Sumerton Road. Skirmishing by our pickets until night. Some firing from Fort. McClelland and Davises battery just at the right of it but without any response until noon. The Sharp Shooters cracking away with their deadly rifles on the South Quay Road. About noon the Rebs threw some shells into our picket lines and the pickets came in on the run. Then our artillery opened upon them with good affect, I think. The Rebs shot Mrs. Smith as she and her child attempted to come into our lines. Our men burned quite a number of houses all around, nearly a dozen in all I think. About three o'clock we sent out a party of skirmishers which fought desperately. The remainder of the afternoon thirty went from our regiment and all returned safe except Orderly Tucker of Co. C. who was wounded in the side. The gun boats firing leisurely all night.

April 14th - Orderly Tucker died this morning at 5 o'clock. Weather cool and cloudy. About 10 o'clock A.M. our men planted a piece of artillery at or beyond the reserve picket post-on the Sumerton Road and fired a number of charges without any response from the Rebs except with the infantry which was quite brisk the remainder of the forenoon and was well responded to by our gun boats engaging the Rebel batteries. General Dix visited Fort Union about three o'clock. Skirmishing on the Sumerton Road nearly all the afternoon. Pretty Quiet during the night. The gun boats firing occasionally but do not know with what affect.

April 15th - Quite rainy during the night. The ground very wet to sleep on. Feel pretty near worn out. Slept or rather stayed out in shelter tent or without any shelter since Saturday morning. Have had a pretty scant living. Have suffered pretty severely from vaccination. Hodges Mounted Rifles and some Gen. Corcoran's men made a charge on the Rebs on the Edgerston Road early this morning capturing a number of prisoners. Some skirmishing going on and the gun boats still at work.

April 16th - In the morning went to the old camp and the hospital. Very little cannonading going on. Some skirmishing but not as much as for a few days previous. Weather cool and cloudy. About six o'clock P.M. our pickets had a very smart skirmish on the Sumerton Road. Corporal Albert Baker of Co. E. shot through the head. I was detailed as corporal of the guard around the Fort. Weather warm and cloudy. Some artillery shots exchanged between our men and enemy just at night. One shot struck over the breastworks and one in the 19th camp. On guard all day. A pretty smart skirmish on the Sumerton Road. Four of the 18th Indiana wounded. Sent my money home--$40.00 to Freeman by Chaplain Hyde to Fortress Monroe from thence by express to Jamestown. Cannonading all day on the north side of the river.

April 18th - On guard until nearly night. Skirmishing and cannonading still going on. Wrote a letter to S.S. Small and one to S. Spinney. Weather very warm. Had to fix our tents at the fort.

April 19th - Went to the camp and spent most of the day in writing letters. At noon was ordered to report at the fort, ready for a march and soon got ready when the order was countermanded. Have had my accouterments on almost all the time for the past week. This evening the gun boats are very busily engaged in connection with a small land force in trying to capture a rebel battery that commands the river. Can see the shells burst in the air when on top of the magazine in Fort Union. It would be a very splendid sight if it was not for the thought that they were on the errand of death.

April 20th - It is reported that our men succeeded in their enterprise last evening. Captured a battery of siege guns and one hundred and fifty prisoners. It was the liveliest cannonading that I have seen or heard. I volunteered to go on fatigue cutting trees south of Fort Union. The report corrected makes out to be 132 men and one captain, a lieutenant, two 24 lb guns. Cannonading continues all day and late into the evening. Strawberries in bloom. Commenced raining in the evening. Quite a rainy night.

April 21st - In the morning went to the camp to get my overcoat. In a little while got orders to be ready for a march with one days ration. At nine o'clock went back to the fort. Formed in ready to march but soon was ordered to stack arms. Was formed again after standing around about an hour. Was ordered back to camp, ate some dinner, and stayed until towards night. Then returned to the fort. Some cannonading. Received visit from Major General Hallock and Dix. Weather cool and cloudy.

April 22nd - Detailed on fatigue, the same as Monday slashing in the nicest lime grove that I ever saw. It was once cleared land.

April 23rd - Was called up between three and four o'clock this A.M. Stood under arms until daylight. Very rainy last night. Water all around under our bed, raining all the forenoon and afternoon. Very disagreeable times.

April 24th - Very little cannonading. A skirmish on the Edgerton Road. At noon five companies from our regiment ordered out on a reconnaissance with two other troops, about three brigades. I should think the main force went out the Edgerton Road and had quite a warm skirmish with a loss of 18 killed and wounded but the 119th came back all safe. Lieut. Bewel of the 169th had his arm shot off. We captured six prisoners. Heavy artillery firing by our men on the Sumerton Road. Our loss 23 killed and wounded.

April 25th - Unusually quiet. Some firing from the gun boats. Weather windy and clear.

April 26th - Very quiet. The gun boats doing something and some artillery firing on the west side of the town. Attended divine service in front of the Col quarters. The stillness of the services disturbed by the distant booming of the cannon sending the implements of death among the rebs. O! what a contrast between war and peace. How odd to hear the holy sabbath day desecrated in that way or to have to carry a gun if you are just going out to work a mile from camp. Lord, bring this war to a close in my prayer and save us all at last.

Fort Union: three 24 lb siege guns and 6 12 lb siege guns. All smooth bore. Fort McClelland: two 24 lb smooth bore and one 12 lb Parrot gun and one 12 lb Brass gun and two 12 lb iron smooth bore guns. Fort Nancemond: one 24 lb smooth bore gun and one 30 lb rifle gun and three 18 lb smooth bore guns and one 30 lb smooth bore Brass and three 12 lb Howitzer Brass.

* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Pay received: Rec'd $50 bounty from the town; rec'd $25 from the state being one half of the state bounty. Rec'd $27 bounty and premium from the U.S. of America. Rec'd $13 as the first months pay in advance in 1962. Jan 19th rec'd $25 the remainder of my state bounty. Jan 29th rec'd $22 the amount due up to the first of November. On April 15th, 1863 rec'd $52 as payment up to the first of March, 1863.

September 17, 1863 - May 15, 1864

1863

SEPTEMBER 1863

Monday, September 17, 1863 - One year ago this evening we arrived in Suffolk, Va. when for the first time we fully realized we were soldiers. Nothing but a raw onion and a piece of bread for supper, no shelter except the broad canopy of heaven. We received our guns and accouterments for the first time. We put on the military harness, since that time we have worn to our satisfaction. We have passed through many interesting scenes, some not very pleasing, while others have been the reverse. Weather windy, a shower, a regular gale.

Tuesday, Sept 18, 1863 - Spent the day in reading and cleaning up. The regiment called upon to go to the upper end of the Folly Island to lay in the trenches. Weather warm and pleasant.

Sept 19th - The regiment returned early this morning having been up to the upper end of this island. Rained some during the night. Quite cool this morning. In the afternoon I drew rations for the Co. for the next ten days. Issued some of the sugar and coffee and candles to the boys. Mail came.

(Diary entries are indecipherable
due to dimness of ink from
September 20 through October 6.)

OCTOBER 1863

Oct 7th - Wrote two letters and attended to drawing and issuing whiskey and bread as usual. Heard of S.S. ( ) death. How sudden men are called away. What a warning to us to also be ready for we little know when we shall be called for.

Oct 8th - Fourteen months today since I enlisted and what an eventful time it has been, how many very many bloody strifes we have had throughout our beloved country. Still the war is being carried on. How long it may continue God only knows. But still I feel willing to trust it in his hands as I doeth all things well. Went a fishing but did not have very good luck. Mail comes again. One letter for me from New York City. Weather very hot through the day.

Oct 9th - Went oystering in the forenoon. Had good luck. Spent the afternoon in writing.

Oct 10th - Weather very warm through the day but cold nights. But little to do. We get neither bread nor whiskey today.

Oct 11th - Drew bread and whiskey in the morning for yesterday. Drew sugar, potatoes, and beans. Issued the sugar to the Company for the next ten days. Attended divine services back of the Col. tent. Chaplain Hyde delivered a short address to the few hearers. Very hard work for him to tell what he knows but he is kind enough to make up for all the imperfections of nature. Spent the afternoon in reading and writing mostly. Went up the signal tree. Had a view of Charleston City and other interesting places. But little shelling going on by the rebs and little by our men. They have concluded to keep the sabbath day holy I guess. Weather a little cool and cloudy.

Oct 12th - Busied myself as well as I could drawing and issuing rations to the Company and reading the papers.

Oct 13th - Had quite a time a fishing with Drake and Mead and Davis. Had pretty good luck for this place. Had the fish for supper. Had to draw bread and fresh beef after I got back. Heard of the nomination in our company of three corporals. Weather clear but prospects of rain.

Oct 14th - Received the last of our ten days of rations. Rather a long time to get ten days rations I think. Quite rainy during the night and this forenoon. I feel rather miserable but hope I shall not get sick.

Oct 15th - Early in the morning we get orders to move back to camp. About ten o'clock the 85th came to relieve us in the midst of a hard shower so we formed in and marched down to the boat and then rowed down to Sight House ( ). Then we marched down to our camp after an absence of twenty-five days. I did not bring any blanket with me nor any rations, only some bread and molasses. Drew bread in the evening. It seems like some hours to get back to camp again only things are pretty well out of order. The trees have all been cut down during our absence. Hope they will let us stay in camp a spell to rest and recruit up. All of our boys out of the hospital tonight except Kean and Dean. Weather clear in the evening, rain over.

Oct 16th - Signed the payroll. Attended to getting the cooking utensils and rations into camp. Drew bread and fresh beef. Spent my time in cleaning up and writing. Mail came with the rest. Three letters for me from Freeman and from Joseph and from R. W. Pelton. Had some liver for dinner which tasted first-rate. We heard no firing last night or night before last, some yesterday, not any today that we can hear-the first quietude that we have had since we came here.

Oct 17th - Busied myself as well as I could cleaning up my gun and accouterments. Had dress parade for the first time since we left the department of war. I acted as the color guard. LETTER 3

Oct 18th - Went on Sunday inspection at nine o'clock. Some firing at the front this morning. Weather very warm indeed. Received our pay for the month of July and August and the balance on our clothing bill, those that had not drawn their full amount. I received $27.63 having used up my full allowance of clothing except one dollar sixty-three cents. Attended Perry Heath's funeral in the evening. It beats all how fast the men drop off. That makes nineteen that have died out of this regiment since we came into this department in the short space of ten weeks. Ten furloughs came to for our regiment this evening. Sergeant N. Brasted going from our Co. O. Butler going from Co. F. A lot of new orders from General Mogdees (?) about cooking.

Oct 19th - Spent the forenoon in cleaning up for general inspection. General inspection in the afternoon by Lieut. Eaton but I had quite an easy time of it as I was in the color guard. Considerable firing at the front. Saw General Gillmore for the first time. Raining last night but clear and warm today.

Oct 20th - We had to get under arms this morning at 4 o'clock it being a standing order from this time forward. Spent the day in moving our tents the width of the street to the north as we are fixing up our camp for winter. Drew new tents which appear to be very nice. The lieut. made me leave my old bunkmate which would have been very objectionable if he had always been agreeable. But, as it was, I do not know as I am much sorry. The reason for our separation was that of dividing up the men into squads to be under the immediate supervision of non-commissioned officers. That said it was decided that I was to be Sergeant so I had to move.

Oct 21st - Finished drawing rations then spent the remainder of the forenoon in fixing our tent and the afternoon in writing. Co. D. and G. went on picket today. Weather very warm for this time of year.

Oct 22nd - Company D. and G. returned from picket all right. Spent the day fixing up the tent. Was appointed as superintendent to oversee the cooking and drawing of rations. Weather still very warm. Considerable firing at the front.

Oct 23rd - Spent the forenoon in overseeing the digging of a well. In the afternoon went down to Pawnee Landing. Bought a cheese what weighed 68 lbs. Showery in the evening.

Oct 24th - Brasted and Butler started home on thirty day furlough. Rec'd this new pen.

Oct 25th - Oct 27th - (not decipherable)

Oct 28th - Spent the entire day in putting up the company table. Got a very nice one. Very cold getting up at four o'clock in the morning. Very busy work at the front all the time.

Oct 29th - Visited the hospital and wrote two letters, one to Freeman and one to Father. Sent Freeman one dollar towards my pen. Attended to drawing bread and cleaning up around the cook room. Battalion drill this P.M. the same as three days past. Weather more moderate.

Oct 30th - Had rather a disagreeable job today in organizing the eating at the new table but got along with it as well as could be expected but it makes it pretty bad because we are so short for dishes and the table so small. Drew fresh beef and bread. Good deal of firing at the front last night. Weather much warmer than for a few days past.

Oct 31st - Nov 4th - (indecipherable)

NOVEMBER 1863

Nov 5th - Co. G. returned from picket safe. Busied myself in cleaning my gun and in doing my duty that pertains to drawing rations. Weather warm and cloudy.

Nov 6th - Spent most of my time with Lieut. Corbett doing what I could to make him comfortable. Attended to digging a well. Received my box all right it having been on the road since 23rd of September.

Nov 7th - Nov 15th - (indecipherable)

Nov 16th - Spent the forenoon in getting ready for inspection. Inspection by Lieut. Eaton. The company in excellent condition, the best that I ever have them and the quarters and cook room all right. Very heavy firing and quite rapid during last night and today.

Nov 17th - Attended to digging the well and to getting my lesson in tactics. Saw some artillery drilling on the beach. Battalion and Company drill as usual. Weather clear.

Nov 18th - ( ) Received four letters. Weather nice and pleasant.

Nov 19th - I do not feel quite as well as usual today but trust it is not anything serious. The news good in the papers. Mead has again advanced. Prospects good for a fight in the vicinity. Drew fresh beef and bread.

Nov 20th - Dec 14th - (Indecipherable)

DECEMBER 1863

Dec 15th - Commenced boarding with Lieut. Potter but do not know how long I shall stay but hope we can agree a long time. Played chess until quite late in the evening. Weather clear and mild. Expect rain again.

Dec 16th - Had quite a time in changing cooks. I put Sucas as cook in place of Austin and Crock commenced digging a well. Played a long game of chess of about two hours. Company drill in the forenoon but none in the afternoon because of the rain. Recited a perfect lesson in the evening (I think). Quartermaster Shaw got his shoulder straps on last evening. I am not feeling as well as usual but hope and trust that I shall by the grace of God have my health spared while away from home and a mother's care.

Dec 17th - Two men died today. General inspection by Lieut. Silbert of the Indiana Vols during Lieut. Eaton's absence he having gone home with Gen. Foster being on his staff. Spent the day in studying and fixing well. A deserter shot on Morris Island yesterday. He tried to play sharp by disguising himself and going outside of the picket lines. Came in and reported himself as a rebel deserter but some of his own regiment who happened to be on duty there knew him. Weather showery.

Dec 18th - In the forenoon acted as right guide on Company drill. A company drill in the afternoon but I did not attend. A cold day for this climate. Capt. Matthews dishonorably discharged.

Dec 19th - Went a shelling in the morning but had rather poor luck as usual. A sharp, cold morning. Ground very frosty. Visited the hospital in the forenoon and studied my lesson in tactics. A new order promulgated concerning promotions in the 112th which after this are to be Regimental instead of Company, according to seniority. Drew rations in the afternoon. Recruiting papers came for our officers.

Dec 20th - Had to get up at three o'clock this morning because of the cold. Some very rapid firing once in the night at the front. Brigade review this forenoon by general of the 13th Indiana in command of this brigade during Gen. Foster's absence at home. Received a mail tonight. Heard the President's message read and I think it shows forth in good style. A. Lincoln's sentiments on the war question and the adjustment of the present national rumbles. I think he offers them all, more that they can expect.

Dec 21st - Oscar Butters returned to the regiment last evening. A cold night last night but clear and pleasant today. Capt. Curtis and the other officers in the regiment that have been expecting to go home recruiting started this morning for Hilton Head. Lieut. Corbett moved down from the hospital into Captains quarters. Recited a good lesson to Lieut. Potter in the evening. All good but one section marked imperfect. Our men are rather noisy at the front again. Weather growing warmer although quite cold yet.

Dec 22nd - Spent quite a share of the day in writing and studying my lesson. Wrote some for Lieut. Potter. I do not feel quite as well as usual.

Dec 23rd - Spent the forenoon in studying my lesson in tactics and making reserves attend to getting some wood cut. Got Braley detailed permanently to chop for the Company. In the afternoon went on Battalion drill and down to the picture gallery towards Gen. Gillmore.

Dec 24th - In the forenoon had to drill the company as Sgt. Powers was sick. Sgt. Williams was on duty. The first time I have tried to drill a company. In the afternoon went on Battalion drill. Acted as right guide.

Dec 25th - This morning the first noise that I heard was the report of very heavy guns at the front which kept up a rapid fire until daylight at six o'clock A.M. A heavy and rapid fire was commencing toward the west end of James Island. Continued for about one hour which sounded nice and grand. Gen. Gillmore is now absent-at Hilton Head. Col. Drake has gone. Expected to return tomorrow. For breakfast we had hash and biscuit and coffee. For Christmas dinner roast beef, boiled potatoes, and onions, ( ) sauce, bread and butter, and black raspberry pie and coffee. For supper, baked pudding, bread and butter, sauce, and coffee. Mail came in the afternoon. One letter for me from Gleason. No recitation tonight.

Dec 26th - Spent the day in reading the papers and studying tactics. Weather very cold and windy, the same as yesterday.

Dec 27th - In the forenoon went out in the woods where Potter is in charge of a squad of wood choppers. Had a wash after I got back. Major Smith returned to the regiment today. Came by steamer. I saw a butterfly-an odd sight for December. George Strunk discharged. Official notice received. Weather moderate and misty.

Dec 28th - Weather warm and rainy. Spent the day in studying and in assisting Lieut. Potter in making out muster rolls. All quiet at the front.

Dec 29th - Scidmore went to general hospital. Attended to digging a well and slop hole. Went on Battalion drill in the afternoon. Capt. Oley in commons at dress parade. The command turned over to Major Smith. I feel very pevish and fretful but endeavor not to show it. How I wish I could overcome the blues or hypercondria. Weather clear and pleasant.

Dec 30th - Drilled the Co. a little time in the morning. Spent quite a share of the time in assisting Lieut. Potter in completing the muster rolls. Considerable firing in the direction of Blacks Island. Recited a lesson in the tactics in the evening. Lieut. Potter teacher.

Dec 31st - The last day of 1863 has arrived and still the Lord has seen fit in his infinite mercy and goodness to bless this regiment greatly but few regiments have been as lucky as we. Have only four lives lost by the enemy's deadly missiles. In a very eventful year of our nations history, many a sanguinary battle has been fought. Many thousands lives have been lost in this great struggle for freedom. Many more I fear will spill their precious blood before peace and harmony is restored to this once fair land now deluged in blood. Oh may God hasten on the time when all alike, both black and white, shall join in a song of thanksgiving and praise to him who reigns alike on sea and land for freedom over this wide domain from pole to pole. Very rainy night. Foggy this morning. Drew rations for Co. D. for the next ten days. General inspection and muster but I did not go on muster as I was busy about rations. In the evening I spent my time in playing chess with Lieut. Potter until eleven o'clock P.M. Express came tonight. Very rainy since dark. The old year is nearly gone in less than one short hour 1864 will begin and I hope and pray goodwill will teach and guide us in the ways of wisdom and truth. I feel determined to commence anew with a fixed determination to do as near right as I can and spend my time as profitable as possible.

1864

JANUARY 1864

Friday, Jan 1,1884, Folly Island - Was called up at fifteen minutes to five as usual. Had to wait for fifteen minutes in the street after stacking arms before being dismissed. Went a shelling a little before daylight. Soon after a good breakfast of sausage and potatoes and mince pie. Went up to the 117th Vol. with Lieut. Potter. Played chess and ball some and studied tactics some. For dinner potatoes and meat, bread, butter, and molasses. Wrote a letter to Capt. Curtis. Very quiet indeed on the front-much different from Christmas. Recited a perfect lesson from six until seven P.M. Weather cold and windy but clear.

Jan 2nd - At two o'clock got up and went a shelling with Lieut. Potter. Had good luck. Cleaned my gun ready for Sunday inspection. Finished my chair. Some firing at the front. I did not hear a gun yesterday. Weather very cold. I slept cold last night.

Jan 3rd - On inspection as usual but it was pretty cold work. Assisted Lieut in making out the clothing rolls. Spent the remainder of the time in reading the bible. No meeting today. Rainy in the afternoon.

Jan 4th - Did not get drummed up this morning from unknown cause. Went a shelling a little before guard marching but got back in time enough to get detailed on picket. The first time that I have been detailed for that purpose since I came to this department. Lieut. Edmond on picket with us. I went down to the dock this side of Pawnee Landing. Had a good place and a fire. I did not have a chance to sleep any as I had charge of two.

Jan 5th - Returned to camp about nine o'clock, sleepy and hungry. I do not feel very good natured about the manner I was detailed but I think it is a long road that never turns. Mail came and brought me three letters and three papers. Answered three letters in the evening. An order issued yesterday prohibiting the use of non-commissioned officer as company commissary consequently I am returned to duty. Our bass drum arrived tonight with Sgt. Chadwick. Some rainy through he day. News unimportant.

Jan 6th - Went on company drill in the forenoon. Spent the remainder of the time in study. Recited a perfect lesson. News of the prizefight between ( ) and King. The latter victorious. Rainy all the afternoon.

Jan 7th - Very rainy getting out to stack arms. Major dismissed us. Studied in the forenoon. In the afternoon played chess with Lieut. Corbett and Skellie. Saw the account of the fight last Christmas. Our men drove the rebs from the field. Rainy all day.

Jan 8th - Went on guard as Sergeant for the first time as I have been in the commissary business ever since promoted until this week. Lieut. Fox officer of the guard, his first duty as lieut. We had a nice time although rather cool. A very little snow fell in the evening so the guard reported but not enough snow to whiten the ground. Recited a good lesson then went to the guard house and played chess with Corp. Shaw until quite late. He was victorious. Then retired for the night. Slept well until five o'clock next A.M.

Jan 9th - Awoke at five and awoke the musicians then attended to the duties pertaining to my position during the Lieut's absence. At breakfast--did not eat mine--until dismissed. Beat the other companies in shooting at targets-J. Johnson and myself alike. Mail came. One letter from Capt. He is well. Has started four recruits for our company. He states that the thermometer fifteen below zero the night before New Years. He says the people are all inquiring after our welfare.

Jan 10th - Very cold last night. Frosty this morning. Sunday inspection at nine o'clock by Sgt. Powers. Regimental inspection yesterday. Attended meeting at our church. Chaplain Hyde addressed us. A good sermon. Enjoyed it much. Occupied my time during the afternoon in reading the bible and the papers and in writing letters. Weather clear and cold. I was detailed on guard this evening for the next twenty-four hours commencing tomorrow morning.

Jan 11th - Got up soon after the beating of the first drum and studied my lesson in tactics until daylight. Acted as Sergeant of the guard during the day. Lieut. Rhuse officer of the guard. Did not have quite as good a time as the last time I was on guard. Recited a perfect lesson in the evening.

Jan 12th - Got up at half past twelve o'clock this A.M. and set up until daylight. Was relieved at eight o'clock. Had a nap in the forenoon. On Battalion drill in the afternoon. At roll call Lieut. Potter gave orders for me to take command of the Co. D. and to act as First Sergeant. I feel that it is a very responsible position, one that I need the assistance of God to get along in peace. I consider it the hardest position in the regiment to occupy without getting enemys. O God, assist by thy devine grace and ever be near me to guide and direct by the holy spirit which favors me humbly I ask through the worthy name of Christ. Amen. I am sorry indeed on Sgt. Powers account. Rainy in the evening.

Jan 13th - Commenced my labors with a fearful heart, fearing that I shall not do right but humbly ask God to assist and guide. Made the first morning report that I ever made this morning. No drill today. Studied very hard. Recited a perfect lesson, I think. Had an oyster supper in the evening. Did some writing then retired to rest. Much more happy than last night. I feel that God has been very kind to me. Rainy all day.

Jan 14th - Feel quite happy to what I did yesterday. Feel that God is indeed with me. Drilled the Co. in the forenoon. On Battalion drill in the afternoon. Major Smith in command. Did not enjoy myselfe very well. Fair weather.

Jan 15th - Co. drill in the forenoon, battalion in the afternoon. Heard that we will not get our Co. savings for the month of Dec. between 30 and 40 dollars. Dr. Washburn on leave of twenty days. Fair until evening, then rainy.

Jan 16th - Co. drill in the forenoon. Very busy afternoon cleaning up. Mail came tonight. Two letters for me from East Saginaw. Wrote a letter to post to S. Spinney. Weather clear and warm.

Jan 17th - In the forenoon went down to the 169th to meeting. An episcopal meeting verging upon Catholic. I should think the Chaplain dressed in a long robe first of white then black a good deal of useless ceremony allowing me to be the judge. Wrote a letter to Gleason. Attended dress parade, first since I commenced acting as First Sergeant.

Jan 18th - An order for inspection at one o'clock but it was postponed until tomorrow at one o'clock on account of the rain. It rained very steady all day. Pickets went out today from our regiment. We have to picket every other day now as the 13th Indiana is on Long Island. Lieut. Barber went to relieve Capt. Hollister on Botany Bay Island.

Jan 19th - Brigade inspection at one o'clock by Lieut. Eaton. I had charge of the Co. Spent the afternoon in seeing to the ammunition in the Co.

Jan 20th - Guard mounting at seven this morning on the account of our relieving the pickets of the 169th Regt. so they can go on review at ten A.M. Rather rough for them. We sent nine men and Corpl. for picket and report 41 men for duty. Went on grand review. Lieut. Edmonds had command of Co. D., Major Smith of the regiment and the Major of the 169th of the Brigade, Col. Drake of our Division. Col. Alfred has command of the troops on the north end of this island and Gen. Gordon has command of the island and Gen. Geary has command from Charleston Harbor to Big Bay. Brooks returned this evening. News all good.

Jan 21st - Drilled the company in bayonet exercise in the forenoon. But in the afternoon there was an extra fatigue party of nine men called for to move a pole at Gen. Fosters so there was not men enough to drill. Twenty-eight men on duty from Co. D. Weather clear and nice.

Jan 22nd - Spent most of the noon in playing ball. The men were detailed away so we could not drill. Had a ball play in the P.M. Had a hard scuffle with Sgt. Major. Hurt my head. Weather pleasant.

Jan 23rd - Spent the forenoon in cleaning up back of the cook room. Orders for the tents to be opened. In the afternoon went on Battalion drill. Had charge of our company. Made pretty disagreeable work as Major Smith did not give the commands very definite and some of them not correct. Lieut. not used to taking charge of the division it being the first time that he ever had charge of a company on battalion drill so our division was poorly provided for in the way of officers. Lieut. Potter bought three bushels of apples for Co. D. with Co. funds. Weather fair and nice.

Jan 24th - Pretty strict orders in camp now. A man cannot keep a light burning a minute after taps and must not be in the street talking. Friday night about a dozen of our boys got ordered into the guard house but they left in good time for their quarters. Attended meeting at our church in the forenoon after inspection. Text the first ten verses of the 4th chapter of Matthew-a good sermon. Five of our men sick here. Only two in regiment in hospital. Very quiet times, some artillery firing.

Jan 25th - Orders on dress parade last night was that every tent should be swept every morning and the street policed thoroughly from bank to sink before guard mounting. After guard mounting the officer of the day should examine thoroughly the tents to see that the order was obeyed. Co. drill in the forenoon. I had a good time. Heavy firing towards Hilton Head but not very rapid. Our headquarters guards of Saturday all sent to General Fosters. Two of them, one from Co. C. and one from Co. B., received a reprimand for abusive language about Gen. and a lady visitor. Weather beautiful.

Jan 26th - Saw the sun, moon, and a star all at a time this morning. Co. drill in the forenoon. Not a very good time for me. No drill in the afternoon but a dress parade. Made out a monthly return which bothered me some as it was the first one that I every tryed to make out.

Jan 27th - No drill in the forenoon but a general cleaning up for inspection tomorrow. General inspection to be once a week until further orders. A Battalion drill in the afternoon commanded by Maj. Smith. Took a walk in the evening with Butler down by the 169th camp.

Jan 28th - General inspection at one o'clock today. We had to stay out until all of the company was inspected. 169th inspected at the same time. Looked anxiously for the mail in vain. Weather beautiful.

Jan 29th - Nothing of importance going on except the renewal of the bombardment of Ft. Sumpter by our land batteries. Mail came today, a very large one too. Received a letter from Freeman and some circulars. Signed the pay rolls. Recitation in the evening.

Jan 30th - Wrote a letter to Capt. Curtis. Went on Battalion drill in the forenoon commanded by Capt. Chaddock. Visited the hospital. Saw Sgt. Williams of Co. I. He is one of the worst looking men I ever saw. Has the Eresifelas (?) in the head, face, and throat so Dr. says but I think that is not all. He lived too fast when at home, I think. Dealt out the last bushel of apples that Potter bought with the Co. funds. The choppers of our regiment was relieved yesterday so Lieut. Potter will be with us now. Looking anxiously for the paymaster in vain. Had the sides of my face shaved.

Jan 31st - Soon after guard mounting, we received our pay for the months of November and December. Major Porter paid us. Received $34.00 (thirty-four dollars). Attended church preaching by Chaplain Hyde. A good sermon. Dress parade at four P.M.

FEBRUARY 1864

Feb 1st - A very large fire yesterday P.M. towards James Island of which we hear various rumors. Battalion drill in A.M. and complany in P.M. Weather windy but warm. Sent for a watch to Ely & Co.

Feb 2nd - Spent the day in study and drilling. Very heavy cannonading at the front today and yesterday. Reported that our men have again commenced the bombardment of Fort Sumpter just about sunset. Attended the funeral of Sgt. Williams of Co. I. A very large assemblage for the occasion, more than we have often seen since the first two or three that died out of the regiment. O! how solemn that man must be called away in the beauty of manhood at an instant as it were. But a short time ago he was one of the gayest of the gay when home on furlough. Now he is laid beneath the sand to rest until the triumph of the Archangel shall send to summon us all, both small and great, the living as well as the dead to the judgment seat of God there to be judged according to the deeds done here in the body.

Feb 3rd - Very windy and the sand drifted like snow in a more northern clime. Co. drill in forenoon. In afternoon I did not feel very well for some cause but does my duty as well as I could. Lieut. Corbett received his leave of absence all right approved by Gen. Gilhue (?).

Feb 4th - General inspection at ten o'clock, the same as last week. Went up to Pawnee Landing in the afternoon. Took a nap after I came back as I did not sleep very good last night for I did not have clothes enough over me to keep warm. Cold and windy, very disagreeable weather.

Feb 5th - Grand Review by Gen. Terry just after guard mounting. Battalion drill in the afternoon. The Drum Corps moving down this side of the sutler's tent. Weather windy and very little rain.

Feb 6th -In the forenoon I had charge of the Co. on battalion drill. I got along with it nicely. Did not make only one mistake. Lieut. Corbett and Potter started at noon, the former for home, the latter for Hilton Head. Went to ( ). Came back as the boat had gone. Spent the evening in playing Dominoes with Skellie and Markham. Mail in the evening. Two letters for me, one from Freeman. Skellie threatened with arrest for not doing his duty at headquarters last night. Weather warm and nice.

Feb 7th - A little while before orders came to send fourteen men and Sgt. on picket on Gen. Gordon's front, making in all twenty-three men on picket-five on guard today. Lieut. Corbett and Porter started at three o'clock this A.M. No inspection as there is only seven men in Co. D. but have been on duty. Attended church. Very interesting discourse. At about five o'clock P.M. we got orders to get ready to move, each man to have one woolen blanket, extra pair of socks, 80 rounds of ammunition 40 in knapsack, an overcoat, and three days rations from the 8th. Each Co. to send one axe and shovel. The convalescents relieved the guard and the colored troops the picket. We had three sergeants, six corporals, and forty-four men making fifty-three in all. Ordered to be ready at seven P.M. We was all ready long before the hour with hardtack and meat but did not receive the orders to march until nine o'clock P.M. Then after equalizing the Co's, we marched to ( ) inlet and waited for a boat (suffering with the cold) until four A.M. Suffered very much laying on the cold sand where the wind hit pretty fair. Weather clear but cool.

Feb 8, Kiawah Island - At four o'clock we took a steamer and crossed the channel onto Kiawah Island. Formed in and marched quietly until nine o'clock A.M., then halted until ten o'clock P.M. Passed through some very nice camps. Saw the nicest sand fort that there is anywhere around here. Very strong, a stockade of picket stakes inclining out then a brush hedge outside of that-the tops of the bushes out, the limbs pointed, so thick together that it would be hard work for a cat to get through, a boardwalk on top of the fort for the sentry to walk on. The land much better than on Folly Island. At ten we started on our journey. Marched a little way in the woods, then went on the beach.

Feb 9, Seabrook Island - Continued our march until three o'clock A.M. then had to ford a channel twenty rods wide, knee deep. On to Seabrook Island which was pretty tough so we thought (but no use for a soldier to complain). Stopping a minute to wring our socks out and to have the teams and artillery get out of the way. We again took up our line of march, a little ways on the beach then went up over a high elevation of land on which was a small fort built but has been deserted by the parties that built it. We then marched quite a distance in dense woods then came out into a beautiful field where the land looked excellent but neglected. Halted a few minutes then moved on until seven o'clock A.M. Then we halted a few minutes and was soon reminded of our errand by hearing a number of muskets discharged over on John's Island, then the voices of our men giving some savage yells in a charge upon the enemy. They killed one Captain and captured six prisoners, two of which was wounded. We had a Sgt. Major wounded in the arm so that amputation became necessary and one man mortally wounded. Our regiment soon got orders to march forward. Crossed the bridge onto John's Island then filed to the right. Marched about a mile then deployed as skirmishers and moved forward a mile more across a channel or creek where there was only room for one man to cross at a time. After scouting around an hour returned by the same route onto the other side of the creek and back about half way to where we first deployed. Then rested-then was one o'clock. We soon began to make preparations for the night, picking grass for beds. Made up our minds for a good nights rest as we did not sleep much last night. We got nicely fixed. Most of us in the land of dreams when the rattle of musketry on the pickets line around our quiet camp. In a few minutes we got orders to move. We marched back almost to the bridge then filed to the left. Marched a little ways and halted. Major Smith would not let us unsling our knapsacks so we stood around and lay around in the cold until morning. Suffered severely as we could not have any fire. Did not have any blankets over us the forepart of the night. But most of us took the liberty to use them the latter part of the night. Had to stand to arms after four o'clock. We learned that the cause of the alarm on picket was a lieut. and two sgts trying to get through our lines to recover the body of their captain but did not succeed-they got caught. Suffered more with the cold than I ever have in one night since enlisted.

Feb 10th - Got orders to be ready to march at eleven A.M. We got ready at the appointed time. As we were about to move, the advance commenced a rapid fire of musketry. The rebs opened with their artillery and ours were moved into position and opened on them which ours sent them back. Sent 31 men on picket and a Sgt. and a Corpl. Received some hardtack and sugar which we needed very much as our rations had run out. Attended to drawing and issuing the rations and then retired to rest-tired and nearly sick. Built some breastworks this afternoon.

Feb 11th - Had a good nights rest. Had to stand to arms after five o'clock. At daylight got orders to be ready to march at nine A.M. Promptly we was ready and promptly we started. Marched down the road to the front, then went to the right about a mile to where we first deployed as skirmishers last Tuesday. Left our knapsacks and proceeded to where we went that day across the creek (the whole 117th and 112th brigade). Then Co. D. took the advance, what there was left of them. Moved on cautiously until in sight of cavalry pickets, then halted. Soon the rebs opened on the left where the remainder of the force had gone which was soon replied to in that direction by our artillery after a sharp fight of nearly an hour. The firing ceased and we fell back slowly to the creek where our Pioneers had made a bridge. After we crossed, they tore it up and the whole force moved back behind the breastworks where we got a chance to eat-the first since morning which tasted good although but hardtack and salt beef and coffee. Got orders to eat and issue all rations on hand and to sleep as soon as possible as we shouldn't sleep much. Had so much to do I could not get to sleep until quite late. The number killed and wounded I cannot find out-in the day fight-but I think only three or four.

Feb 12, Seabrook and Kiawah Islands - At fifteen minutes before twelve o'clock was aroused from our slumber. Ordered to get ready to move immediately at one o'clock A.M. We took up our line of march for Folly Island. Our brigade in advance. Arrived at the ford at three o'clock. Waited until five. As soon as the force crossed onto Seabrook Island the rear guard set fire to a large house just on the other side of the bridge, also to the bridge it being previously prepared with boards like brought from the buildings and straw being placed on the bridge to prevent noise in moving across it. Burnt rapidly. As soon as the forces got down near the ford, the original officer sent up a couple rockets to the gun boats. One on the north and another on the south side opened fire on John's Island. A very nice sight to see the shells sail gracefully through the air. In the direction of Morris Island and Long Island there was a very rapid fire of heavy artillery which made it quite lively. The artillery firing in all was nearly as rapid as any I ever heard. At five o'clock we forded the river again. The water was up around our hips and cold which made it pretty uncomfortable walking afterwards. Shells very thick on the beach. We picked up all we wanted and marched to where we lay through the middle of the day Monday and rested two hours. Then marched to the landing and took the transport and sailed to Folly. Arrived there at two o'clock P.M., then marched to camp where we was all glad to get. It seemed like home to be in camp in good, comfortable quarters. I feel very thankful to God that he has been so kind and watchful over us that all of us was preserved and spared to return safe to camp. Ate a hearty supper and retired to rest, thankful for all the blessings I receive, which are many.

Feb 13, Folly Island - Attend guard mounting. Cleaned my gun and accouterments. Drew rations for the next ten days. Issued the sugar and candles to the Co. Seven men for picket. Mail came. Three letters for me. Wrote a letter to Freeman. Gathered up the extra forty rounds of ammunitions issued last Sunday. Fisher and Heath received one dollar apiece from Col. Drake for wading the creek on John's Island. I feel pretty well. Believe that General Schimmelfennig is the best general that ever was on a march with everything worked like clockwork. Weather fair.

Feb 14th - I had to have a Sunday inspection as Lieut. Potter was out on picket but I made as short a thing of it as possible. Only inspected the arms and accouterments. Did not attend church as we had an early dinner on Potter's account as he did not get any breakfast. Spent most of the day in writing and reading.

Feb 15th - Very heavy firing today. Co. drill in the forenoon. Clothing came to the regiment. Report of a mutiny on James Island last night-rebel deserters came in this morning. A monitor up near Ft. Johnson last night.

Feb 16th - A general inspection at half past ten o'clock A.M. by Lieut. Eaton. I had to take charge of the company as Potter was on guard. Very windy in the afternoon and evening. A heavy explosion in the direction of James Island.

Feb 17th - Very disagreeable weather-cold and windy. I was nearly down sick with headache. Went to bed as soon as recitation was over. Details for tomorrow-eleven men and Sgt. and Corpl. for picket, three men and corpl. for camp guard, and one man for headquarters.

Feb 18th - Another general inspection this A.M. Very cold and we got very chilly. A Capt. from the 169th inspected us. No drill. Received a present-a photograph of Lieut. Potter. Snowed some in the evening, enough to whiten the ground but it was soon gone as the wind blew very hard.

Feb 19th - Snow all gone this morning but still very cold. Drill in the afternoon. Orders for another inspection tomorrow as the Capt. that inspected yesterday reported the guns unfit for inspection except three in the five companies and the men dirty-the old liar.

Feb 20th - Made out an estimate for clothing. A general cleaning up of camp. Drew rations for the company for the next ten days. Weather very much moderated. Quite a time playing chess in the evenings.

Feb 21st - Attended church service by former chaplain. A good sermon and very interesting one, too. Weather warm and nice. Birds singing like spring.

Feb 22nd - Lieut. Potter on picket so I had charge of the Company on drill. Had to make an ordinance report. At 8 o'clock P.M. we received order to prepare three days cooked rations and to proceed to Jacksonville, Florida. Received the mail. I got quite a number of letters and set up until I answered them which took until about eleven o'clock. Wrote one to Joseph and one to Freeman and one to Father and Mother and one to Miss Diana Heager. I feel bad to leave this nice camp. We have been here so long that it seems like home but a soldiers wishes or feelings are not respected in the army. Nathan Brasted returned tonight, also Capt. Scott. Brasted brought me a watch that Corbett bought me-cost $25.00 (twenty-five dollars). Wrote letters until fifteen minutes to 12 o'clock.

Feb 23rd - Commenced the work of packing up ready for move-did not get ready until after noon. At two o'clock P.M. we formed in and stacked arms, then took down our tents and rolled them up and put them in the Lieut's tent. At half past three we was called to attention and slung knapsack and marched to Pawnee Landing. Arrived there at 4 o'clock. Stacked arms and rested until half past seven then went on board the steamer Deford. Lay quite comfortable until morning.

Feb 24th - At seven o'clock A.M. we pushed off. Arrived at Stone Inlet at half past seven and sailed out onto the ocean. Sailed until half past one the next morning, then dropped anchor. I did not feel very well and at two o'clock P.M. commenced vomiting. Kept it up until evening. Two brass bands on board, the 169th and 157th N.Y. General Ames with us. A good many boat sick.

Feb 25th - Jacksonville, Florida - Did not sleep much latter part of the night. At half past seven o'clock A.M. we again set sail. Crossed the bar at 8 o'clock. Sailed up the river, a very pretty placid stream but marshy with earth sides. Very few inhabitants, some houses deserted. At half past eleven we landed at the town of Jacksonville, Florida, a nice place but now deserted, burned quite a share of it. Marched a little ways and stacked arms in a nice looking street that runs east and west. Issued ammunition, enough to give each man sixty rounds and turned the rest over. Very warm, rather uncomfortable. Trees in blossom and everything looks like spring in the northern clime. About 4 o'clock we again formed in and marched back out of town about half a mile and formed a line of battle fronting the east. Then marched by the right of Co's to the rear into column. Then stacked arms and rested for the night. Today is the first time we have been on mainland since the 3rd day of August, 1863. A detail of eleven men and a corporal from our Co. for fatigue to report at half past eleven tonight and headquarter guard. Time changed to half past eight. Another detail of six men later in the night. I gave up the business of orderly to Nathan Brasted. Heard the band of the 16th play in the evening. I slept rather poor.

Feb 26th - Jacksonville, Fla. - Got up at five o'clock as usual. Stood under arms until daylight. Guard mounting at 10 o'clock. Went on picket-22 men and a corpl. besides from our Co. Went about one mile northeast of camp on the reserve with Capt. Hollister and 26 men and a corpl. Had a good time through the day as there was some good boys on the reserve. Very cool through the night, so much so that I did not sleep. Had to keep walking most of the time-about two-thirds of the night.

Feb 27th - Was relieved about nine o'clock A.M. from picket. I returned to camp and had a good wash. Did not do much only visit and talk. Heard a report from reb to the effect that our men lost in the recent fight out west of here. Eighteen hundred killed, wounded, and taken prisoner, but I hesitate to believe it so large. Dress parade in the P.M. Marched into the breastworks after dress parade was over.

Feb 28th - Attended church at Methodist house in town. A very large congregation. Preaching by Methodist missionary sent here by the War Department. A good sermon. At 4 o'clock P.M. we packed up and marched about one mile south. Encamped on a comfortable place near the river. Had quite a job to get boards for a floor to our tent. I like the appearance of the citizens here-first rate. They seem to be much more civilized than in any part of Va. that we have visited. They seem very much like northern citizens.

Feb 29th - Spent the day in arranging camp and mending many clothes. Was mustered at two o'clock by Lieut. Eaton for the months of January and February. A colored Sgt. in the South Carolina 3rd was shot this morning for mutiny. I believe Garfield and King was to be escort and four others from our regiment. Gen. Vogels was relieved of his command yesterday and sent to Hilton Head so Gen. Foster takes command of our Division, Drake the brigade. Weather warm.

MARCH 1864

March 1st - A Grand Review by Gen. Gillmore. Regiment formed at nine o'clock A.M. The line of the whole force formed about eleven o'clock, the force from each regiment, division so only two company out of each regiment was on the front line. A nice lot of officers-Ames and Foster, two of the best looking. We were soon tired as we had our knapsacks. At ten o'clock heavy firing in the west. At half past three o'clock we received orders to fall in with arms and accouterments. As soon as we got our things on we received orders to pack up everything and to have all of our Co. baggage carried across the river or marsh between here and the village which was soon done. Then we formed line and stacked arms and rested with our knapsack on from one half past three until fifteen minutes past five. Then we marched one mile and set up our tents again near our first camp in this place. Was only one hour about it from the time we started until we got out tent up again. Weather warm.

March 2nd - Some rain last night. The cause of the alarm yesterday was a small force of the enemy that drove in our pickets. They had four pieces of artillery. Quite a time moving tents. Everything appears to go wrong with the officers in command. Mail came in the evening. Weather cool and windy.

March 3rd - We had to stand under arms after five o'clock until daylight. I was detailed to take charge of a patrol guard of four men. Had a chance to stroll around town and see what there was going on. At half past twelve o'clock we got orders to pack up and move over to our camp across the marsh that we left last Tuesday. Moved at two o'clock. I was relieved from duty at five o'clock P.M. and then went to camp. Found all my boards gone so I was without any house. Slept with Homer Austin. Had a good nights rest. Weather windy and cool.

March 4th - Had to stand to arms from five o'clock A.M. until daylight. I have felt rather blue especially in the forepart of the day. Spent my time in writing letters and fixing tent. An inspection at nine o'clock A.M. In compliance with general order for this regiment every morning by Capt. Chaddock. Went a fishing in the evening but came back empty handed as usual. Weather warm and cloudy.

March 5th - Lieut. Potter and myself settled up our board bill-cost me $12.65 (twelve dollars and sixty-five cents) for eleven and a half weeks board. William Coy is going to try taking charge of the mess. Sgt. Powers is to board with us.

March 6th - A recruit by the name of Morse, Co. D. Sunday inspection at nine A.M. Attended church at the Methodist house in town. Rev. Moore preached to us. Spent afternoon in writing a letter to Freeman.

March 7th - Sold my watch that I received Saturday night. Made one dollar profit on it. Spent quite a share of the forenoon in policing the street as that is all the duty I have to do at present-to see that the street is kept clean and that the men keep their tents clean.

March 8th - Worked pretty busy in fixing our tent. Had to work alone as Lieut. was on fatigue. Weather warm and clear.

March 9th - Was detailed to drill half of the new recruits until further orders. In the afternoon commenced my work. Drilled my squad one hour and a half. After supper went downtown a fishing but did not catch any. Stayed until eight o'clock.

March 10th - Spent all the forenoon fishing but did not catch any. John ( ) got a large one. I helped get him out of the water. No drill. It rained so hard, heavy thunder-thought it was artillery at first. Heavy wind.

March 11th - Drilled the recruits three hours. Feel pretty much discouraged as they learn very slow. One of them cannot understand the english language and two or three more of them are what might be called raw Irishmen pretty well. Feel the need of God's grace to enable me to do right and live properly from day to day and may he ever help me so to live is the prayer of this unworthy servant. Rec'd the mail but nothing for me. The news in the papers cheering the whole army east and west. Appear to be commencing their summers work. The 13th Ind. Veterans returned.

March 12th - Went downtown after morning drill and stayed until noon. Gen. Foster gone to Hilton Head which leaves Col. Drake in command of our division and Col. Dobbs in command of our brigade. I saw an alligator. Caught a nice fish after afternoon drill.

Sunday, March 13th - At eleven o'clock A.M. attended meeting in a house fitted up for that purpose a few rods from camp. A little after noon a detail of one hundred men called for with forty rounds of ammunition and light marching order.

March 14th - The recruits detailed on fatigue so I did not have to drill them. A general inspection by a Major General Inspector of Florida, a friend of Eaton. Went fishing in the afternoon but did not catch any. Our men that went out yesterday returned in about seven hours having been down the river a few miles in search of the enemy but did not see any. News in the papers not very good. The two hundred and forty ninth day of the siege of Charleston.

March 15th - Major Smith assumes command of 112th. After morning drill went over to the 1st North Carolina Volunteers (colored) and then went and visited the large brick vault near town and saw seven cases with bodies in them, two of which were in iron cases with glass over them so we could see their faces but they were much disfigured although they still have the shape and color of bodies lately intered. Went downtown and then returned to camp and drilled my squad one and half hours.

March 16th - Drilled the recruits as usual. Drew clothing. Got me a dress coat and a pair of drawers. Weather very cold, the coldest we have had in a month. Slept cold last night. Potter concluded to break up our mess.

March 17th - Downtown twice. Eaton on fatigue moving guns from the dock. Spent what spare time I had in putting up a tent as Potter chooses to have Capt. Hollister bunk with him (no boards.)

March 18th - Sgt. Williams put under arrest for absenting himself from the fatigue party yesterday. Spent most of my time when not on drill in fixing my tent. I feel nearly sick. I almost disheartened. I am heartily tired of this war and the tyrany the officers use that are in command of us. I hope it will not always last. General Grant assumes command of U.S. Army.

March 19th - Nearly the same routine of duties as usual. Went a fishing in the afternoon. King commenced bunking with me. Weather warm.

March 20th - Inspection as usual. Attend church or meeting in an old dwelling house now used for the purpose of holding religious meetings in. Went to meeting in the evening but did not stay long as the house was so full I could not get in.

March 21st - Dr. Harrington returned from hospital. Spent nearly all the remaining part of the day after morning drill in fishing but did not get anything, only a suit of wet clothes to sleep in.

March 22nd - A very rainy night. Much thunder and lightning as I ever heard in one night. The pickets had a bad time. Co. D. all on except old and new guards and wood choppers. Rainy in the forenoon. Drill in the afternoon.

March 23rd - Sgt. Williams reduced to the ranks. Drilled the recruits three hours as usual. Only half rations of bread today. Had to stand under arms one hour this morning. Weather much nicer than yesterday-moderate, hazy overhead.

March 24th - The same routine of duty as usual. Went downtown in the P.M. after drill. The Regt. drills three hours each afternoon and drill the recruits one and a half hours in forenoon and afternoon. I saw the two boats lately captured by our gun boats above (Pilatka).

March 25th - Drill, drill as usual. Rainy all last night. Rained some this morning. Clear and windy in the afternoon. Looking for the mail.

March 26th - Had a nice time in a sail boat-crossed the river a number of times. Weather warm and windy. Cleaned my gun. Mail came. Five letters for me. Wrote two. Played chess in the evening with E. Skellie.

March 27th - Brown promoted to Sgt., Hastings to Capt. Wrote letters all the forenoon. Mail came again in the afternoon. Two letters for me. Sixteen recruits for our regiment. One for Co. D. by the name of George W. Whitford, quite a comfortable fellow, I think. News that Gen. Fillmore and Seymore are to be relieved.

March 28th - Spent considerable time in reading. Drilled the recruits three hours as usual. Weather clear in the forenoon, cloudy and windy in the afternoon. Went downtown.

March 29th - I do not feel very well today-bad sore mouth. Lost our fish hook line. Took seven more new recruits from Co. A. one from Co. D. to drill. All good fellows, I think. They done first rate for beginners. Very windy. Sand flies very bad.

March 30th - Gen. Gillmore left here for Hilton Head at fifteen minutes past ten A.M. A salute of thirteen guns for him. Our camp equippage come, all things that we left on Folly Island and all of our sick except two, one was Charles Traver from Co. D. and the other one I do not know. Our things all gone to Pilatka as the boat was obliged to go before we had time to unload it-gone up to carry the 40th Infantry. I had a good time drilling considering how bad the wind blew.

March 31st - Co. D. detailed on fatigue squad to Jack Shaw to drill which leaves me sixteen. Wrote a letter to Freeman. Mouth quite sore yet. Weather still and cloudy.

APRIL 1864

April 1st - At half past eight A.M. Nichols, Oviatt from Co. D. and seven men and a Sgt. returned from Pilatka. The boat, the Maple Leaf, that they went on got blown up with a torpedo about twelve miles from here at four o'clock A.M. They lost everything except the Sgt-he kept this gun and accouterments. The boat sank to her herrycane deck. All were saved except four deck hands. There was two women on board which did not have time to dress themselves but came to town in their night clothes. One had a rubber blanket extra and the other a sheet. "Pretty looking things to come to town in daylight." All of our brigade camp and garrison equippage on board and a great deal of officers clothing lost. I lost fifteen or twenty dollars worth of stuff-clothing.

April 2nd - Drilled the new recruits three hours and the Co. one hour. The 169th went out on a scout but returned in the evening. Made out an estimate for camp and garrison equippage and clothing. Got some boards in the evening for the tent.

April 3rd - Attend Sunday inspection and church in the forenoon. Took a bath in the afternoon. Eight or ten boats came in tonight. Mail on board. Lieut. Corbett came in tonight looking tough and hearty. Weather warm and nice.

April 4th - Drill as usual. Had a good time at it. The men are improving fast. Went over to the 13th Ind. Vol's. Saw a cemetary divided into three different parts, one Catholick, one Jewish, and the other one Protestant. Some firing at the front. Reported that a very large torpedo was taken out of the river above here.

April 5th - After drill went downtown and stayed until eleven o'clock A.M. Twenty of Co. D. on picket. Fritts went to Fort Clinch with some prisoners. Started at noon.

April 6th - Orders now that every officer except Regimental Commanders and the officers of the day and General Officers shall have a pass to go to town. Co. D. got a new stove yesterday-cost sixty dollars. Drilled my squad as usual. Weather warm and nice.

April 7th - Went downtown in the forenoon. Bought me a cap. Company drill in the forenoon and in afternoon battalion drill. Weather clear in forenoon and cloudy P.M.

April 8th - Commenced running the steam mill between here and the river. I do not feel very well today. Weather muggy and cloudy. Wrote a letter to Diana. Drew one pair pants. All small boats seized by the Provost Marshall that could be found on this side of the creek that runs between here and town.

April 9th - Rained some last night, a rainy day today. Wrote a letter to Freeman. Bought a new cap. Regiment drilled in the latter part of the day.

April 10th - S. Brooks started for Pilatka as guard for prisoners. On Sunday inspection Lieut. Corbett in command. Attended meeting. The chaplain unknown to me. Weather clear and nice.

April 11th - B. Fritts and S. Brooks returned today. Mail at the same time. The officers of the 169th that have been home recruiting returned today. Weather warm and nice like June in Chataugua County.

April 12th - Capt. Matthews returned to the regiment being reinstated. Wrote a letter to Freeman. A number of transports came tonight. A report that seven regiments are to leave here for N.C. Report that ( ) will not confirm. Gen. Gillmore's appointment as Maj. Gen. Studied quite hard.

April 13th - Seven regts left today and last night. Received our pay by the hand of Maj. Foster for the months of January and February--$34.00 (thirty-four dollars). Saw Corpl. Sinks, Co. G., kill an aligator about five feet long. Weather hot. LETTER 4

April 14th - Drilled the recruits one hour and a half. Regt. drilled in the forenoon but not in the afternoon on the account of the rain. Our Co. on picket.

April 15th - A drill in the forenoon as usual and in the afternoon drilled the recruits in slinging knapsacks and unslinging them preparing them for general inspection tomorrow. Report that our forces evacuated Pilatka last night. Rainy last night and today. Studied considerable.

April 16th - A general inspection at ten o'clock A.M. by a Lieut. of the 13th Ind. The General ( ) blown up by a torpedo above here near where the Maple Leaf was lost. A quartermaster. Troops leaving all the time. Two colored regiments went on board the transports today bound for Virginia.

April 17th - Mail come this morning. Four letters for me. No preaching today contrary to expectations. The 13th Ind. left today bound north. Spent most of my time after inspection in reading and writing.

April 18th - Drilled the recruits three hours. They did not drill as well as common. The officers received orders to reduce their baggage and put everything in a condition to move but no orders to get rations ready. Braley and Kean had a little quarrel, came to blows. Brown and Clark, Co. A. of my squad, had a spat too.

April 19th - Rained some last night. Very disagreeable today. Wind blows hard and the sand flies like drifting snow. Various rumors about moving. None authentic.

April 20th - At 11 o'clock the 169th got orders to leave and we had to go relieve their pickets. Those that were not on yesterday of our regiment. Our pickets relieved about three o'clock and we received orders to cook four days rations and be ready to move tonight or in the morning. The 169th left at seven o'clock P.M. I spent the evening in playing Authors with Powers and Oviatt. I feel very sorry to think we must leave. I dread the boat ride. Orders to report to Hilton Head.

April 21st - Packed up in the morning at half past ten A.M. We got orders to strike tents and be ready to leave before three o'clock P.M. All excitement. The boys breaking bottles with powder and burning cartridges and trying to make time pass gaily. At twenty minutes to two o'clock the bugler's shrill note called us together at two o'clock. We started for town. Arrived at the dock in half an hour. Waited until half past three then embarked. At four we pushed off. Bid farewell to Jacksonville and its many pleasant scenes. Crossed the bar at half past 6.

April 22, On Board the Cossack - I rested nicely last night. I was not sick in the least. Water very still. Arrived at Hilton Head Harbor at half past seven A.M. and dropped anchor. Lay until about seven then received the mail. One letter for me from Freeman. Very still; nice day bids fair for good weather. At two o'clock P.M. we changed the Cossack for the Ericson, a large ocean steamer (buff color). Saw some horses swung up from the Cossack to Ericson.

April 23, On Board Ericson - Had a good nights rest. Weather still good but some signs of a storm. Sky hazy in places. Beautiful scenery around here as looking from the top of the boat. At half past ten A.M. we moved up to the deck and at two o'clock P.M. we bid farewell to South Carolina and sailed out into the broad Atlantic. Wind rather high. Slept considerable but not long at a time for I lay on a platform by the side of the wheelhouse and the room was pretty limited for three of us, Braley, King, and myself.

April 24th - Wind high and increasing. Cloudy and signs of rain and about nine P.M. it commenced raining. Rained quite steady all night. I commenced being sea sick about four o'clock P.M. Was sick enough until midnight. Tryed to stay below but it was so warm and so many sick and such a stench, that I could not stand it so went on deck and stayed. Got very wet. The waves washed up onto the upper deck and gave us a good ducking a number of times.

April 25th - Very glad indeed to see daylight again for I am sick and weary and wet. I fell to thank God for his goodness in sparing our lives during the storm. Wind goes down some in the morning. Clears up. Passed Cape Hatteras at eleven o'clock A.M. Good sailing in the afternoon. Came in sight of land about four o'clock. Our boys got some whiskey and felt pretty well. Durham of Co. E. climed the mast to get away from St. Barber. Gen. Foster threatened to have him shot if he did not come down. Arrived at Ft. Monroe at 15 minutes to five o'clock A.M. Dropped anchor. Remained until eight o'clock then we set sail again bound for Yorktown. Arrived there at three P.M. and was soon landed at Glouchester Point by the ferry boat. Lay by the beach until near night then moved up to where the rest of our brigade lay-about a mile. How much different the season seems here, the trees not leaved out and everything very backward to what it was in Florida, there peaches were half grown, strawberries ripe and other things to come up in two or three weeks.

April 27, Glouchester Point, Va. - Cleaned my gun and accouterments. Put up one shelter tent. Wrote some letters. Orders to pack up our dress coats and all clothing not needed for every day wear and either send them home or to Norfolk. All to have two pairs of shoes, two shirts, one pants and overcoat or blanket or both if necessary, three pairs socks, two drawers.

April 28th - Skirmish drill from half past nine until eleven A.M. A salute fired for Gen. Butler at one o'clock P.M. Drill again in P.M.

April 29th - No drill as the boys were busy in packing up clothing (to send to Norfolk) and camp equippage. Drew clothing. All tents sent to Norfolk except shelter tents so the officers have not much the start of us. Weather cool. Co. D. and E. detailed at nine P.M. to load our baggage onto the boat. We got back at 15 minutes to one.

April 30th - Slept well until morning then riged up for muster at nine o'clock A.M. Had our knapsacks on. At noon formed in for review. Our division was reviewed first by Gen. Ames then by Gen. Butler. Finished at seven P.M. Tough, very dusty, disagreeable.

MAY 1864

May 1st - Rained until middle afternoon so we did not have any inspection. Wrote quite a share of the day. Read considerable. News scarce in the papers. "Four boatloads of troops went up the river this morning." Mail every day.

May 2nd - Skirmish drill in the forenoon under Major Smith. Co. skirmish drill in the afternoon. Sent my new cap to Norfolk in Lieut. Corbetts valise. A very hard shower just dark, blew down a number of tents. Col. Drakes with the rest. Mine did not blow down but the water blew in so we got very wet.

May 3rd - Slept very well considering how wet we was and how cold the wind blew. No breakfast at the cook room. We had a little soft bread, some hardtack, cold meat and cold water. Drill only in the afternoon. Orders about three o'clock P.M. to prepare two days cooked rations and four uncooked and to be ready to march at a moments notice.

May 4th - Our Co. with E. and F. on fatigue at the landing. Did not work any. Went with them. Orders to strike tents and be ready to move. We returned to camp at one o'clock. The recruiting officers returned at half past two P.M. Loud cheering. It seems good to see Lieut. Col. Carpenter and Capt. Curtis. At fifteen minutes to three we received orders to move. Formed in and marched to the dock and at four o'clock we embarked on board the steamer Claymont (a nice little propeller). Lay at anchor until eleven o'clock P.M., then set sail down the river. A very nice sight to see the whole fleet in motion, the lights all burning bright and of various colors. I feel nearly sick.

May 5, Aboard Claymont - Arrived in Hampton Roads at four o'clock A.M. Lay at anchor until five o'clock then we got orders to report to Newport News. We waited there until about seven o'clock then we moved up the James River. A very imposing sight to see our whole fleet sailing over the still water, as much as seventy-five boats, the most I ever saw at one time. Passed one monitor and two gun boats at noon. Arrived at City Point at fifteen minutes to seven P.M. Saw a monitor and the (Atlanta), rain of Charleston notoriety.

May 6, City Point, Va. - Landed at three o'clock A.M. and marched about one mile and rested. Ate breakfast. Drew rations. At seven o'clock we took up our line of march northwest. Rested at ten. A large amount of clothing thrown away. First gun fired at half past nine A.M. Marched very slow. Rested for the night at half past six. Some cannonading and musketry ahead. Built rifle pits the length of the regiment. Commenced at ten o'clock P.M. Took until between two and three o'clock Saturday and I was in charge of rear guard.

May 7, Chesterfield County - Feel pretty well used up as my eyes are very sore. Early in the morning we formed in and lay around until half past eleven A.M. then advanced about two miles to where the Mounted Rifles had a slight brush-they captured eight prisoners, drove the enemy about a mile and a half. Rations short. From half past one until two P.M. very heavy skirmishing. At 4 o'clock it was sounded down the line that the railroad bridge was in our hands and on fire. Returned to camp at half past six hungry and tired.

May 8th - No exact information of the result of our engagement yesterday. Reported that Col. Drake arrested the Col. of the 8th Maine for being intoxicated. I feel pretty well, my eyes well. Feel very thankful for our good luck yesterday. At five o'clock P.M. Co's D., B., C., and G went on picket. Took everything with us. Our band and 17 recruits come just night.

May 9th - A large force commenced advancing at sunrise commenced firing at 15 minutes past seven with infantry. Some artillery firing all day but not very rapid. Reports arriving every few minutes that the enemy are in full retreat and that our men are advancing on Petersburg. At three o'clock news came that our men were in sight of Petersburg. One or two of our wounded of last Saturday found on the field, some dead. We were on picket all day. Drew rations on the line. A number of ambulances loaded with sick and wounded. Ten prisoners came in just dark. Very heavy firing from 12 until one o'clock at night.

May 10th - Quite early the wounded commenced coming in on foot, those that were able, and others in ambulances. Some confederate soldiers, about a dozen prisoners not wounded. Very heavy and rapid firing at our right, nearly northwest. From ten o'clock until nearly noon both infantry and artillery. The 13th Ind. and 169th of our brigade were engaged and lost severly. Capt. Beebee killed and two lieut's of the 13th Ind. wounded. The 169th captured 17 prisoners in one squad. The Major of 13th wounded twice. One brigade returned at noon from Petersburg way. Fire burnt the woods along our picket line. Weather warm, the same as it has been since we came here. Troops returning at intervals all the afternoon.

May 11th - Seven Miles From Petersburg - Had a good nights rest. Everything quiet and still. Rations short-enough hard bread and little meat and sugar. Heavy firing towards the Appomattox a few minutes this P.M. Commenced raining about 5 o'clock P.M. We got relieved just dark. Had a bad time putting up our tent in camp.

May 12, Battlefield of Green Valley - We had to get under arms at half past three A.M. At four fifteen we got orders to be ready to march at five o'clock with two days cooked rations and in light marching order. I left camp at seven o'clock and marched southwest to the railroad then followed up towards Richmond, about a mile, and halted for dinner. The railroad track torn up and the ties burnt. Saw three places where a car had been burnt. Heavy cannonading north of here. Rained quite a share of the day. Quite bad marching. At night built a good tent with rubber blanket.

May 13th - Had a midling good nights rest. A little cold towards morning. Staid in our camp last night until six o'clock then our Co. with A and part of K got detailed on picket on the railroad where the fight of Green Valley occured last Saturday. Four bodies intered close to our post. At 8 o'clock in the evening we heard loud cheering in camp. We soon learned it was for good news. Gen. Hancock has captured forty pieces of artillery and a whole division of primers so a dispatch from Secretary Stanton says "Glory. Good enough." Gen. Butler advancing on Richmond with a large force.

May 14, Near Drurys Bluffs - Reported that Gen. Butler and Gillmore are in possession of the works on the right of Drurys Bluffs. Pigs, mutton, and beef plenty. On picket. Rain by spells as yesterday. An alarm on picket in the evening so we did not get to sleep until late. Was relieved at midnight and went back to our camp of last Thursday night. On picket five nights during the last week.

May 15th - At half past two A.M. we were called up and at three o'clock we moved down onto the turnpike running from Richmond to Petersburg and proceeded towards the former place about 6 miles. At half past six we halted and made coffee, ate breakfast. Skirmishing ahead all day.

May 16th - At 5 o'clock A.M. the enemy opened on us with much vigor. The 112th went to the right about one and a half miles. Was fired upon and Col. Carpenter was wounded and two men and Adjt. Hedges was taken prisoner. We moved back as soon as possible.

January 1, 1865 - July 25, 1865

1865

JANUARY 1865

Sunday, Jan 1, 1865, On Board the Charles Thomas, Off Beaufort, North Carolina - Dutch Gap blown out and proves a failure like all the rest of Gen'l Buttler's moves. Last night the wind changed to N.W. and blew very hard. Some snow and rain fell during the night. The weather so cold that the water froze as fast as it struck the deck which made it very bad getting around. Very dismal last night on the ocean. Had tack and pork for breakfast-no dinner. Hard tack and molasses for supper. I am resolved the same as I was one year ago, God being my helper, that I will try and be more useful and live a better life than I have ever done before. O! how I wish I could see my dear mother this evening. I believe we both would be happier for it-but God guides and directs all things and I will be resigned to his will. About nine o'clock A.M. the Western Metropolis came out and at 11 o'clock took us in town and started for Ft. Monroe.

Jan 2nd - We had a rough time passing Cape Hatteras about two o'clock this A.M. The ship rolled very bad which made it quite uncomfortable sleeping, but what cannot be cured must be endured. The weather very nice today with a west wind and we run close to the shore so the ship runs very steady. I feel quite anxious to get on land again. Anchored in Hampton Roads about ten o'clock in the evening.

Jan 3, On Board the Steam Ship - After an absence of 26 days, we again find ourselves at Ft. Monroe which makes the 10th time we have passed this place during the past two years and a half. About 11 o'clock A.M. the Robert Morris (a small river steamer built 86 years ago) came along side and took on our rations and ammunition and what troops there was on the Charles Thomas. At five o'clock P.M. we sailed up the James River. Anchored at seven o'clock. Wind blew hard during the night.

Jan 4, On Board the Robert Morris - Started up the river again a half past six A.M. - passed Jamestown on the left bank of the river at fifteen minutes before ten o'clock. Began to see snow along the banks of the river at noon. Passed Wilson's Landing at half past two P.M. Arrived at Bermuda Hundred at 4 o'clock. There learned that the 112th had returned to Ft. Monroe for another expedition. We got orders to return to camp. Started for Deep Bottom at 10 minutes to five. Arrived there at 10 minutes to six. Disembarked as soon as we could and proceeded to camp. Had a good snow path although the snow was not more than one inch deep but the ground was froze quite hard. The first time I have seen as much snow since we left Suffolk, Va. The first time I have been on land since the 8th of Dec. making 27 days on board a ship. Arrived in camp at 8 o'clock. Found a box from home with the things in good condition-also found one letter and a commission as 2nd Lieut. in the 112th Regt. Right glad to get to camp. Weather clear and cold.

Jan 5, Chapin's Farm, Va. - Worked hard on my tent. Got it fixed up so it is quite comfortable. Had a good meal of victuals, the first I have had for the last twenty days. Had a good wash and got a clean boiled rag on so I begin to feel like myself again. J. F. Smith mustered as Colonel of 112th Regt, N.Y. Vols last Tuesday. Fox and Sampson also mustered as Captains the same time. 56 recruits joined the Regt. this evening.

Jan 6th - I spent the day in making a valise cover. Our camp and garrison equippage arrived from Norfolk. Had some potatoes for breakfast, the first I have had since the 15th of December, 1864. Pretty cold last night-a little more moderate to day-rained considerable in the afternoon and the snow all disappeared. The mud begins to be almost bottomless, Va. style. At 6 o'clock A.M. the expedition against Wilmington left Ft. Monroe.

Jan 7th - Two deserters shot to death with musketry on our Division front which makes eight that has suffered (at the same place) like punishment for the same offence this winter. Weather very disagreeable, it being cold, wind and a little rainy and some snow towards night. No news in the papers. Gold quoted from 231 to 234 and a half. Reported that the second Wilmington expedition started from Monroe today. J. P. Blair went to Richmond.

Jan 8th - Attend meeting at a church built by the Christian Commission at the 1st Division 24th A.C. Chaplain Hyde addressed a small congregation from a part of the 3rd chapter of the Gospel according to St. John in reference to Nicodemus' interview by night with our Savour. Done nobly and made it very interesting and instructive. News good in the papers. Weather clear and cold. Gen. Buttler relieved.

Jan 9th - Reported that Maj. Gen. Butler has been relieved of his command by Maj. Gen. Ord. I am highly pleased with the change and think nearly all the soldiers in the Army of the James will say the same. I think he has been a great damage to the army this summer. Spent the most of my time in fixing my tent. Gen. Ord has issued an order granting furloughs to 10 per cent of the army. Very still and warm. A nice day for another attack on Wilmington.

Jan 10th - Some firing on picket last night. The armed men in camp got under arms but did not have to leave camp. Received this book and paper and two letter by mail today. Spent the most of the day in writing letter and in this book as I was more than a week behind hand. The mud very soft and nearly a shoe deep all over the ground. Rainy, foggy-unpleasant. Heard that Lucius Markham was at home. Good.

Jan 11th - A general dearth of news in the papers. The 112th have only 8 months longer to serve to complete their three years. The order granting furloughs to ten per cent of the army revoked. I visited the ambulance train in the afternoon. Was at the 58th Pa. Vols during dress parade. Heard several bands play. Had some warm sugar to eat in Bolster's tent. Weather clear and cool. At 3 P.M. Missouri declared a free state.

Jan 12th - The order relieving Gen. Buttler in the paper of the 10th received today. The paper do not speak in very flattering terms of his honesty. Still no news from the expedition. Spent the day in reading and writing. 108 men belonging to our regiment in this camp. The recruits pretty quarrelsome. Weather clear and quite warm. Rheumatism troubles me considerable in my shoulders. The expedition against Wilmington left Beaufort at six o'clock -62 vessels of war, 591 guns. All arrived off New Inlet in the evening.

Jan 13th - The troops of the Wilmington expedition commenced landing at nine A.M. and completed the landing at 2 o'clock P.M. The reb papers make a great ado about the Porter and Buttler failure in the Wilmington expedition. I think they will sing a different song before Feb 1865. Various rumors about the last Wilmington expedition. Reported in the evening that a reb colonel came into our lines and reported that Ft. Fisher was in our possession. My shoulders still quite painful with rheumatism. Weather still and warm with some signs of storm toward night. ( )

Jan 14th - Still no reliable news from the 112th. I feel quite anxious to hear from them. We did not get any papers consequently no news. I could not keep any fire in my tent during the day because the wind blew so hard. Weather quite cool, clear and windy in the southwest. Made preparations for Sunday. Four days rations issued. I feel midling well but lonesome.

Ja