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- c4000-2700 - development of megalithic burial cultures on the Atlantic coast; at Boyne-Orkney, Morbihan, and Tagus.
- c2700-2200 - Old Kingdom in Egypt
- c2700-2000 - Summerian period in Mesopotamia
- c2200-1450 - Middle Minoan palace culture
- c2130-1800 - Middle Kingdom in Egypt
- c2100 - probably arrival of Mycenean Greeks in Greece.
- c2000-1700 - Old Babylonian period in Mesopotamia
- c2000-1400 - development of elites in Wessex, Amorica and Ireland.
- c1600-1200 - development of Mycenean palace culture
- c1575-1000 - New Kingdom in Egypt
- c1450 - Mycenean domination of the Agean
- c1400 - beginning of Assyrian domination of central Mesopotamia.
- 1352-1336 - Reign of Amenhotep IV / Akhenaten.
- 1279-1213 - Reign of Ramses II.
- c1200 - Hittite Empire destroyed by peoples of south Russia.
- c1000-750 - age of Phoenician expansion.
- 814 - traditional date of the foundation of Carthage
- c800 - foundation of Gadir (Cadiz), Phoenician trading city; trade with Tartessos
- 776 - first Olympic games
- 775-650 - Greek colonisation in the western mediterranian
- 753 - traditional date of the foundation of Rome
- 734-680 - Lelantine war between Chalcis and Eretria.
- 730-710 - Spartan conquest of Messenia
- 720 - Sargon of Assyria conquers Syria, Israel (722)
- c700-400 - La Tene / Hallstatt period of central European Celtic culture.
- 664 - Greeks begin to penetrate Egypt as mercenaries and traders
- 612-609 - Fall of Nineveh - division of Assyrian Empire between Media and Babylon
- 600 - Foundation of Massalia by Phocaeans.
- 595-586 - first Sacred War for the control of Delphi.
- 587 - capture of Jerusalem by Nebuchadrezzar of Babylon.
- 559-530 - Cyrus founds Persian Empire.
- 545 - conquest of the Ionian Greeks by Persians.
- 540 - Battle of Alalia - Carthaginians and Etruscans check Greek expansion in western Mediterranian.
- 512 - Darius conquers Thrace.
- 509 - Foundation of Roman Republic.
Continue on to the Classical World timeline.
Key sources:
The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt (Shaw, Oxford, 2000)
The Oxford Illustrated History of Greece and the Hellenistic World (Boardman, Oxford, 1986)
The Mediterranean in the Ancient World (Braudel, Penguin, 2002)
Facing the Ocean - the Atlantic and its Peoples (Cunliffe, Oxford, 2001)
Mesopotamia - the Invention of the City (Leick, Penguin, 2001)
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