True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or
false.
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1.
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Light waves are examples of
transverse waves.
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2.
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On the Fahrenheit scale water
freezes at –32ºF.
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3.
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A degree on the Fahrenheit
scale is a bigger unit than a degree on the Celsius scale.
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4.
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If a person tries to lift a
heavy box for 5 seconds and can't make it budge, the work done on the box is equal to the amount of
energy the person uses.
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5.
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Machines decrease the amount of
energy that is needed to do work.
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6.
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Because of friction, using
machines increases the amount of energy that is needed to do work.
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Multiple
Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the
question.
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7.
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For a scientific theory to be
valid, it must allow you to A) | perform
experiments. | C) | find a new, more complex explanation. | B) | obtain new results each time. | D) | make
predictions. | | | | |
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8.
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Scientific theories can be
changed or replaced when A) | new technology is
invented. | B) | new discoveries are made. | C) | scientists decide to work on different problems. | D) | scientists make models of events or objects. | | |
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9.
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Scientists test a hypothesis
by A) | formulating questions. | C) | doing experiments. | B) | designing models. | D) | drawing conclusions. | | | | |
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10.
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The SI unit for measuring
temperature is the A) | degree. | C) | mole. | B) | kelvin. | D) | ampere. | | | | |
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11.
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Which SI prefix means one
million? A) | kilo- | C) | giga- | B) | mega- | D) | milli- | | | | |
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12.
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Which SI prefix means one
one-hundredth (1/100)? A) | nano- | C) | milli- | B) | micro- | D) | centi- | | | | |
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13.
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A loaf of bread weighs 1362 g.
The weight in kilograms is A) | 1.362 kg. | C) | 01362 kg. | B) | 1362 kg. | D) | 001362 kg. | | | | |
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14.
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The force with which gravity
pulls on a quantity of matter is referred to as A) | mass. | C) | volume. | B) | length. | D) | weight. | | | | |
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15.
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Matter is defined as anything
that A) | can be seen and touched. | C) | can be weighed. | B) | has mass and takes up space. | D) | contains kinetic or potential
energy. | | | | |
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16.
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A substance that cannot be
broken down into simpler substances is A) | a
compound. | C) | an element. | B) | a mixture. | D) | an atom. | | | | |
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17.
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The chemical formula for water,
H2O, means that each water molecule contains A) | two hydrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms. | B) | two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. | C) | two hydrogen atoms and zero oxygen atoms. | D) | one hydrogen atom and two oxygen atoms. | | |
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18.
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The science of what matter is
made of and how it changes is called A) | chemistry. | C) | kinetics. | B) | physics. | D) | engineering. | | | | |
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19.
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The chemical formula for table
sugar is C12H22O11. How many oxygen atoms are in each sugar
molecule?
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20.
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The resistance of a fluid to
flow is referred to as A) | pressure. | C) | viscosity. | B) | energy. | D) | shape. | | | | |
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21.
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The law of conservation of mass
states that mass cannot be A) | burned. | C) | created or
destroyed. | B) | changed in form. | D) | heated or
cooled. | | | | |
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22.
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A substance has a mass of 360 g
and a volume of 7.5 cm3. What is its density? A) | 2700 g/cm3 | C) | 480 g/cm3 | B) | 270 g/cm3 | D) | 48 g/cm3 | | | | |
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23.
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Digesting food is an example
of A) | physical change. | C) | chemical change. | B) | change of state. | D) | buoyancy. | | | | |
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24.
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Which state of matter will hold
its shape without a container? A) | solid | C) | gas | B) | liquid | D) | plasma | | | | |
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25.
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Evaporation refers to the
change of state from a A) | liquid to a
gas. | C) | solid to a liquid. | B) | gas to a
liquid. | D) | liquid to a solid. | | | | |
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26.
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A liquid changes rapidly into a
gas at the liquid's A) | boiling
point. | C) | melting point. | B) | freezing
point. | D) | condensation point. | | | | |
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27.
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Which statement about the
atomic nucleus is correct? A) | The nucleus is made of protons and
neutrons and has a negative charge. | B) | The nucleus is made of protons and
neutrons and has a positive charge. | C) | The nucleus is made of electrons and has a
positive charge. | D) | The nucleus is made of electrons and has a
negative charge. | | |
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28.
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Atoms have no electric charge
because they A) | have an equal number of charged and noncharged
particles. | B) | have neutrons in their nuclei. | C) | have an equal number of electrons and protons. | D) | have an equal number of neutrons and protons. | | |
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29.
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Atoms of elements that are in
the same group have the same number of A) | protons. | C) | valence
electrons. | B) | neutrons. | D) | protons and neutrons. | | | | |
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30.
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An atom's mass number equals
the number of A) | protons plus the number of electrons. | C) | protons. | B) | protons plus the number of neutrons. | D) | neutrons. | | | | |
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31.
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An atomic mass unit is equal
to A) | one-half the mass of a hydrogen atom. | B) | one-fourth the mass of a lithium atom. | C) | one-twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom. | D) | one-fifteenth the mass of a nitrogen-15 atom. | | |
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32.
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Which of the following elements
is an alkali metal? A) | calcium | C) | mercury | B) | magnesium | D) | sodium | | | | |
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33.
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A mole is an SI base unit that
describes the A) | mass of a substance. | C) | volume of a
substance. | B) | amount of a substance. | D) | electric charge of a
substance. | | | | |
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34.
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If the atomic mass of carbon is
12 amu, 1 mole of pure carbon will have a mass of A) | 6 g. | C) | 12 g. | B) | 6 mol. | D) | 12 mol. | | | | |
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35.
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The average atomic mass of
potassium is approximately 39 amu. What is the mass of 2.0 mol of potassium? A) | 0.39 g | C) | 39 g | B) | 0.78 g | D) | 78 g | | | | |
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36.
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A compound differs from a
mixture because it A) | always remains frozen even at high
temperatures. | B) | is formed from two cations. | C) | always contains the same elements in the same proportion. | D) | can form only in the presence of heat energy. | | |
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37.
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Each molecule of hydrochloric
acid, HCl, contains one atom of hydrogen and A) | one atom of
chlorine. | C) | two atoms of chlorine. | B) | one atom of
oxygen. | D) | two atoms of oxygen. | | | | |
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38.
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An ionic bond is a bond that
forms between A) | ions with opposite charges. | B) | atoms with neutral charges. | C) | one atom's nucleus and another atom's
electrons. | D) | the electrons of two different atoms. | | |
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39.
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Covalent bonds are formed
between A) | ions. | C) | nonmetal atoms. | B) | metal atoms. | D) | compounds. | | | | |
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40.
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In which type of bond do atoms
share electrons? A) | covalent bonds | C) | ionic bonds | B) | metallic bonds | D) | polyatomic bonds | | | | |
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41.
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The anion formed from an oxygen
atom is called a(n) A) | oxygen
ion. | C) | carbon dioxide. | B) | oxide ion. | D) | nitrous oxide. | | | | |
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42.
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The name dinitrogen
tetroxide tells you that this compound contains A) | two nitrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms. | B) | four nitrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms. | C) | two nitrogen atoms and four oxygen atoms. | D) | four nitrogen atoms and four oxygen atoms. | | |
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43.
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Formaldehyde, CH2O,
and acetic acid, C2H4O2, have the same empirical formula but
different A) | kinds of cations. | C) | kinds of atoms. | B) | kinds of anions. | D) | molecular formulas. | | | | |
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44.
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A carbon atom can bond to four
other atoms because it has A) | four different
cations. | C) | two inner energy levels. | B) | four valence
electrons. | D) | no protons in its nucleus. | | | | |
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45.
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Alkanes are hydrocarbons that
contain A) | single covalent bonds only. | C) | carbon and oxygen
only. | B) | single or double covalent bonds. | D) | carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen. | | | | |
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46.
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Polymers are large organic
molecules that are made of A) | cations. | C) | carbon and oxygen
only. | B) | anions. | D) | repeating units. | | | | |
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47.
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Which compounds have
carbon-carbon double bonds? A) | alkanes | C) | alcohols | B) | alkenes | D) | ionic compounds | | | | |
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48.
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A substance that undergoes a
change in a chemical reaction is A) | a product. | C) | a reactant. | B) | a chemical. | D) | an enzyme. | | | | |
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49.
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What happens in a chemical
reaction? A) | Atoms are destroyed. | C) | Atoms are heated and
cooled. | B) | Atoms are created. | D) | Atoms are
rearranged. | | | | |
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50.
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The energy source in
photosynthesis is A) | light energy. | C) | heat energy. | B) | chemical energy. | D) | kinetic energy. | | | | |
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51.
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The product of the synthesis
reaction between sodium and chlorine gas is A) | polyethylene. | C) | sodium chloride. | B) | carbon dioxide. | D) | copper (II) chloride. | | | | |
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52.
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When water is broken down by
electrolysis, the products are A) | water and carbon
dioxide. | C) | hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. | B) | hydrogen and oxygen ions. | D) | oxygen and methane. | | | | |
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53.
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A chemical equation is balanced
by changing or adding A) | chemical
symbols. | C) | coefficients. | B) | subscripts. | D) | reactants. | | | | |
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54.
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In the reaction 2H2O
→ 2H2 + O2, if you start with 2 mol of water, how
many moles of hydrogen gas are produced? A) | 1 mol | C) | 3 mol | B) | 2 mol | D) | 4 mol | | | | |
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55.
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In a balanced chemical
reaction, the total mass of the products always equals the A) | molar mass of the reactants. | C) | total mass of the
reactants. | B) | atomic mass of the reactants. | D) | proportional masses of the
reactants. | | | | |
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56.
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Which of the following is an
example of a heterogeneous mixture? A) | salt water | C) | sugar solution | B) | vinegar | D) | mayonnaise | | | | |
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57.
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Distillation can be used to
separate solutions of miscible liquids because A) | different liquids usually have different
boiling points. | B) | boiling breaks the chemical bonds within
each liquid. | C) | denser liquids sink to the bottom. | D) | solids remain after the liquids are boiled away. | | |
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58.
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Loose sugar dissolves much
faster than a sugar cube because loose sugar has A) | a greater surface
area. | C) | a higher temperature. | B) | less kinetic
energy. | D) | a greater surface tension. | | | | |
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59.
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You can make a solute dissolve
more quickly in a solvent by A) | adding more
solute. | C) | heating the solvent. | B) | adding
ice. | D) | removing some solvent. | | | | |
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60.
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Water is referred to as the
universal solvent because A) | it is found throughout the
universe. | B) | all known substances dissolve in water. | C) | many different substances dissolve in water. | D) | it covers more than half of the Earth's surface. | | |
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61.
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When dissolved in water, all
acids will A) | form hydroxide ions. | C) | conduct
electricity. | B) | have a negative charge. | D) | turn blue. | | | | |
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62.
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A solution that is mildly
acidic would have a pH of approximately
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63.
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The pH of a substance is a
measure of its A) | boiling point. | C) | ability to mix with
water. | B) | food value. | D) | hydronium ion
concentration. | | | | |
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64.
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The label on a bottle indicates
that the substance inside has a pH of 13. This tells you that the substance is A) | neutral. | C) | mildly basic. | B) | strongly
acidic. | D) | strongly basic. | | | | |
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65.
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Which of the following is a
basic solution? A) | household ammonia | C) | vinegar | B) | HCl dissolved in water | D) | pure water | | | | |
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66.
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Fusion occurs when
nuclei A) | split. | C) | mutate. | B) | combine. | D) | gain energy. | | | | |
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67.
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The opposite reaction to fusion
is called A) | beta decay. | C) | fission. | B) | alpha decay. | D) | neutron transmission. | | | | |
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68.
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In the equation E =
mc2, "c" stands for A) | carbon. | C) | the speed of
light. | B) | the total energy. | D) | the size of the
particle. | | | | |
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69.
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The distance traveled by an
object divided by the time it takes to travel that distance is called A) | average velocity. | C) | average acceleration. | B) | average speed. | D) | activity. | | | | |
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70.
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What is the speed of an object
at rest? A) | 15 km/h | B) | 0 km/h | C) | 1 km/h | D) | This cannot be determined without further
information. | | |
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71.
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The difference between speed
and velocity is that velocity includes A) | direction. | C) | time. | B) | distance. | D) | weight. | | | | |
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72.
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Whenever an object is standing
still, the value(s) that is/are always zero is/are A) | speed. | C) | momentum. | B) | velocity. | D) | all of the
above. | | | | |
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73.
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Acceleration is defined as the
change in velocity divided by A) | speed. | C) | time. | B) | final velocity. | D) | distance. | | | | |
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74.
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The SI unit for acceleration
is A) | mph. | C) | m/s2. | B) | ft/sec2. | D) | Δv
÷ t. | | | | |
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75.
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When the velocity of an object
changes, it is acted upon by a(n) A) | force. | C) | momentum. | B) | inertia. | D) | deceleration. | | | | |
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76.
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If the net force on an object
is zero then the object has A) | reaction
forces. | C) | balanced forces. | B) | action
forces. | D) | unbalanced forces. | | | | |
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77.
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Friction is defined
as A) | force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are
touching. | B) | rate at which velocity changes. | C) | resistance of an object to a change in its velocity. | D) | speed of an object in a particular direction. | | |
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78.
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Weight is best described
as A) | an object’s resistance to acceleration. | B) | what causes an object to fall. | C) | the downward force exerted on objects due to gravity. | D) | a force solely dependent on an object’s mass. | | |
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79.
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When objects are moved further
apart from each other, the force of gravity A) | increases. | C) | decreases. | B) | stays the same. | D) | decreases at first and then increases. | | | | |
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80.
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The law that states that every
object maintains constant velocity unless acted on by an unbalanced force is A) | Newton’s first law of motion. | C) | Newton’s third law of
motion. | B) | Newton’s second law of motion. | D) | the law of conservation of
momentum. | | | | |
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81.
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The law that states that for
every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force is A) | Newton’s first law of motion. | C) | Newton’s third law of
motion. | B) | Newton’s second law of motion. | D) | the law of conservation of
momentum. | | | | |
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82.
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The law that states that the
unbalanced force acting on an object equals the object’s mass times its acceleration
is A) | Newton’s first law of motion. | C) | Newton’s third law of
motion. | B) | Newton’s second law of motion. | D) | the law of conservation of
momentum. | | | | |
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83.
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The SI unit of force, named for
the scientist who described the relationship between motion and force, is called the A) | newton. | C) | curie. | B) | einstein. | D) | pasteur. | | | | |
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84.
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Which of the following units is
used to measure acceleration in free fall?
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85.
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A boy pushes on a parked car
with a force of 200 N. The car does not move. How much work does the boy do on the
car? A) | 200 N | C) | zero | B) | 200 J | D) | can't be
determined | | | | |
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86.
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Which of the following
processes requires the most work? A) | A 10 kg weight rests on a
table. | B) | A person holds a 1 kg weight still with outstretched
arms. | C) | A person lifts a 1 kg weight 1 m off the
floor. | D) | A 10 kg ball is rolled across the floor at a constant speed for a
distance of 10 m. | | |
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87.
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A man pushes a crate along a
factory floor by exerting a force of 55 N. If the crate moves a distance of 4.0 m, how much work does
the man perform? A) | 165 N | C) | zero | B) | 220 N | D) | 145 J | | | | |
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88.
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What are the units of
power? A) | watts | C) | joules per second | B) | horsepower | D) | all of the above | | | | |
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89.
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A weight lifter presses a 400 N
weight 0.5 m over his head in 2 seconds. What is the power of the weight lifter? A) | 100 N | C) | 400 watts | B) | 25 watts | D) | 100 watts | | | | |
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90.
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Gravitational potential energy
depends on the ____ A) | the mass of the
object. | C) | the acceleration due to gravity. | B) | the height of the object. | D) | All of the above | | | | |
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91.
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A medicine ball has a mass of 5
kg and is thrown with a speed of 2 m/s. What is its kinetic energy? A) | 100 J | C) | 2000 J | B) | 10 J | D) | 500 J | | | | |
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92.
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The primary source of the sun's
energy is A) | chemical energy. | C) | nuclear fission. | B) | nuclear fusion. | D) | potential energy. | | | | |
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93.
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Sound waves A) | require a medium. | C) | are not mechanical waves. | B) | are unrelated to vibrations. | D) | can travel in a
vacuum. | | | | |
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94.
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Light waves A) | require a medium. | C) | are caused by a vibrating object. | B) | cannot travel through solids. | D) | are electromagnetic
waves. | | | | |
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95.
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How loud a sound is depends
on A) | the wavelength of the sound. | C) | the amplitude of the
waves. | B) | the pitch of the sound. | D) | the medium. | | | | |
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96.
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The color of light is
determined by ____ of the light waves. A) | the medium | C) | the frequency | B) | the speed | D) | the amplitude | | | | |
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97.
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Light rays that pass through a
lens change direction because A) | each light ray strikes the curved surface
at a different angle. | B) | they are
refracted. | C) | light is broken up into many different
colors. | D) | virtual images always appear slightly larger than real
images. | | |
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98.
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Light travels
as A) | electrical waves. | C) | electromagnetic waves. | B) | magnetic waves. | D) | electrochemical waves. | | | | |
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99.
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Microwaves are a form
of A) | electric waves. | C) | sound waves. | B) | mechanical waves. | D) | electromagnetic waves. | | | | |
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100.
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A light-year
is A) | a unit of time. | C) | a unit of mass. | B) | a unit of distance. | D) | a unit of density. | | | | |
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101.
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What is 2 + 2
?
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102.
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The main branches of natural
science are A) | physics and chemistry. | C) | medicine and
agriculture. | B) | biology, zoology, and ecology. | D) | life, physical, and earth
science. | | | | |
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103.
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Pure science is best defined as
the A) | continuing search for new knowledge. | B) | use of science to solve human problems. | C) | study of the makeup of living things. | D) | application of scientific knowledge. | | |
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104.
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Scientists use computer models
to study complicated events and to A) | perform
experiments. | C) | change theories and laws. | B) | state
theories. | D) | make predictions. | | | | |
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105.
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What is 78,900,000,000
expressed in scientific notation? A) | 789 
109 | C) | 7.89  1010 | B) | 7.89 
109 | D) | 7.89  1011 | | | | |
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106.
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The speed of light is
approximately 3  108 m/s. How would this be written in conventional notation? A) | 300,000 m/s | C) | 30,000,000 m/s | B) | 3,000,000 m/s | D) | 300,000,000 m/s | | | | |
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107.
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An example of a naturally
occurring magnetic rock is A) | lodestone. | C) | limestone. | B) | soapstone. | D) | peastone. | | | | |
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108.
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The north pole of one magnet
will be A) | attracted to the north pole of another
magnet. | B) | attracted to the south pole of the same
magnet. | C) | repelled by the north pole of another
magnet. | D) | repelled by the south pole of another
magnet. | | |
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109.
|
Like magnet poles
always A) | repel each other. | B) | attract each other. | C) | cancel out each other’s magnetic
fields. | D) | point toward the north pole. | | |
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110.
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The magnetism of a piece of
magnetized iron can be weakened by A) | heating the iron and hammering
it. | B) | putting it near a piece of unmagnetized
iron. | C) | bending the iron. | D) | none of the above. | | |
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111.
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Magnetic force A) | is strongest near a magnet's poles. | C) | acts at a
distance. | B) | is a field force. | D) | all of the
above. | | | | |
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112.
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Earth’s magnetic poles
are located in A) | Canada and Australia. | B) | Canada and Alaska. | C) | Canada and
Antarctica. | D) | the same positions as the geographic poles. | | |
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113.
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Magnetic fields are produced
by A) | magnetic force. | C) | gravitational force. | B) | electric currents. | D) | water currents. | | | | |
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114.
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There is a repulsive force
between two charged objects when A) | charges are of unlike
sign. | B) | they have the same number of protons. | C) | charges are of like sign. | D) | they have the same number of
electrons. | | |
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115.
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There is an attractive force
between two charged objects when A) | charges are of unlike
sign. | B) | they have the same number of protons. | C) | charges are of like sign. | D) | they have the same number of
electrons. | | |
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116.
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When there is an equal amount
of positive and negative charges on an object, the object is A) | positively charged. | C) | neutral. | B) | negatively
charged. | D) | supercharged. | | | | |
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117.
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The electric force between
charged objects is A) | attractive
only. | C) | either attractive or repulsive. | B) | repulsive only. | D) | neither attractive nor repulsive. | | | | |
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118.
|
Every charged particle
produces A) | a negative charge. | C) | a magnetic
field. | B) | a positive charge. | D) | an electric
field. | | | | |
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119.
|
Potential difference is
measured in A) | amperes. | C) | coulombs. | B) | volts. | D) | joules. | | | | |
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120.
|
Current is the rate at which
charges move through a(n) A) | conductor. | C) | voltage. | B) | insulator. | D) | joule. | | | | |
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121.
|
The brightness of a light bulb
is determined by its filament’s A) | voltage. | C) | watts. | B) | amperes. | D) | resistance. | | | | |
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122.
|
Resistance is caused
by A) | internal friction. | C) | proton charge. | B) | electron charge. | D) | a heat source. | | | | |
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123.
|
The SI unit of resistance is
the A) | volt. | C) | ohm. | B) | ampere. | D) | joule. | | | | |
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124.
|
What is –175ºC on
the Kelvin scale? A) | 76 K | C) | 98 K | B) | 89 K | D) | 448 K | | | | |
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125.
|
The transfer of energy as heat
caused by the collision of molecules is called A) | convection. | C) | contact. | B) | conduction. | D) | radiation. | | | | |
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126.
|
The transfer of energy by the
movement of fluids or gases with different temperatures is called A) | convection. | C) | contact. | B) | conduction. | D) | radiation. | | | | |
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127.
|
Energy from the sun reaches
Earth by A) | conduction and radiation. | C) | conduction and
convection. | B) | radiation only. | D) | conduction only. | | | | |
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128.
|
What are the units of
work? A) | J | C) | kg•m2/s2 | B) | N•m | D) | all of the above | | | | |
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129.
|
A machine is a device
that A) | requires less work to do a given task. | B) | decreases the amount of work done by a given force. | C) | increases energy. | D) | can multiply and change the direction of
an input force. | | |
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130.
|
A first-class lever has
the A) | fulcrum at one end and the output force between the fulcrum and the input
force. | B) | fulcrum at one end and the input force between the fulcrum and the
output force. | C) | fulcrum in the middle. | D) | input force in the middle. | | |
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131.
|
A wheelbarrow is an example of
a A) | first-class lever. | C) | third-class lever. | B) | second-class lever. | D) | fourth-class lever. | | | | |
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132.
|
Which of the following is an
example of a third-class lever? A) | a
nutcracker | C) | a crow bar | B) | a hand-held boat
paddle | D) | a screw | | | | |
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133.
|
An inclined
plane A) | changes the direction of the force only. | B) | changes the magnitude of the force only. | C) | changes both the magnitude and the direction of the force. | D) | decreases the amount of work done. | | |
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134.
|
An airplane is flying at 635 km
per hour at an altitude of 35 000 m. It is currently over Kansas and is approximately 16 minutes
ahead of its scheduled arrival time. What is its velocity? A) | 635 km/h | B) | 16 m/min | C) | 35 000 m/s | D) | This cannot be determined without further
information about its direction. | | |
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135.
|
Which of the following does
not indicate velocity? A) | 14 m/s SSE | B) | 40 km/h toward the town square along the main street | C) | 80 km/h going from New York toward New Jersey | D) | 28 km from Los Angeles to Catalina Island | | |
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136.
|
Which of the following is
not a factor in calculating momentum? A) | mass | C) | acceleration | B) | direction | D) | speed | | | | |
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137.
|
If you divide momentum by
velocity, the result is the value of the object’s A) | mass. | C) | energy. | B) | direction. | D) | speed. | | | | |
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138.
|
A 10.0 kg dog chasing a rabbit
north at 6.0 m/s has a momentum of A) | 0.6
kg•m/s. | C) | 60.0 m/s. | B) | 60.0 kg•m/s
north. | D) | 60.0 kg/s. | | | | |
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139.
|
The combination of all of the
forces acting on an object is called the A) | total
force. | C) | super force. | B) | union of
forces. | D) | net force. | | | | |
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140.
|
If the net force acting on a
stationary object is zero, then the object will A) | accelerate in the direction of the
strongest force. | B) | remain at rest. | C) | begin moving backwards. | D) | decelerate at a steady rate of
speed. | | |
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|
141.
|
A tug-of-war that results in
one team pulling the other across the line is an example of A) | action forces. | C) | balanced forces. | B) | reaction forces. | D) | unbalanced forces. | | | | |
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|
142.
|
Which of the following
situations best demonstrates the effects of friction? A) | a parachutist descending to the ground | C) | an apple falling from a
tree | B) | a loaded slingshot | D) | two trucks
colliding | | | | |
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|
143.
|
Of the following, the greatest
gravitational force would occur between A) | a marble and a baseball 5 meters
apart. | B) | a loaded freighter on the high seas and
Earth. | C) | the moon and an astronaut standing on the
moon. | D) | the moon and Earth. | | |
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|
|
144.
|
When air resistance balances
the weight of an object that is falling, the velocity A) | slowly decreases. | C) | rapidly increases. | B) | remains constant. | D) | none of the above. | | | | |
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|
145.
|
What kind of reaction occurs
when potassium is placed in water? A) | a single-displacement
reaction | C) | a decomposition reaction | B) | a double-displacement
reaction | D) | electrolysis | | | | |
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|
146.
|
A balanced chemical equation
shows the proportions of reactants and products necessary for A) | the reaction to occur. | C) | energy use to be minimized. | B) | mass to be conserved. | D) | electrolysis to occur. | | | | |
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|
147.
|
In the reaction
2H2O2 → 2H2O + O2, if you
start with 4 mol of H2O2, how many moles of O2 will you end up
with? A) | 4 mol | C) | 2 mol | B) | 3 mol | D) | 1 mol | | | | |
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148.
|
All of the following factors
may speed up a chemical reaction except A) | smaller surface
area. | C) | higher temperature. | B) | higher
pressure. | D) | presence of a catalyst. | | | | |
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|
149.
|
The forces that hold different
atoms or ions together are A) | electric
currents. | C) | physical bonds. | B) | chemical
bonds. | D) | nuclear forces. | | | | |
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|
150.
|
A mixture is different from a
compound because each substance in a mixture A) | retains its own
properties. | C) | forms an ion. | B) | changes its electric
charge. | D) | changes from a solid to a liquid. | | | | |
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|
151.
|
Each molecule of table sugar,
C12H22O11, contains A) | 0 atoms of carbon. | C) | 6 atoms of carbon. | B) | 1 atom of carbon. | D) | 12 atoms of carbon. | | | | |
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|
152.
|
Which compound is formed from a
tight network of oppositely charged ions? A) | sugar,
C12H22O11 | C) | water,
H2O | B) | quartz, SiO2 | D) | salt, NaCl | | | | |
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|
153.
|
Gases take up a lot of space
because A) | they have weak chemical bonds. | B) | their molecules have very little attraction for one another. | C) | they contain very few atoms. | D) | they have a small molar mass. | | |
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|
154.
|
Copper is a good conductor of
electricity because its electrons A) | are positively
charged. | B) | are free to move from atom to atom. | C) | can take on either positive or negative charges. | D) | are shared between neighboring compounds. | | |
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|
155.
|
Fe2O3 is
named iron(III) oxide because it contains A) | three oxygen
atoms. | C) | three iron atoms. | B) | Fe3+
ions. | D) | O3+ ions. | | | | |
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|
|
156.
|
When nickel combines with
fluorine to form nickel(III) fluoride, the charge of the nickel ion is A) | Ni1+. | C) | Ni3+. | B) | Ni2+. | D) | Ni4+. | | | | |
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|
157.
|
The name for the compound with
the formula CuBr2 would be written as A) | copper(II)
bromide. | C) | copper bromine. | B) | copper(I)
bromide. | D) | copper(III) bromide. | | | | |
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|
|
158.
|
The simplest organic compound
is A) | aspirin. | C) | salt. | B) | table
sugar. | D) | methane. | | | | |
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|
|
159.
|
Valence electrons determine an
atom's A) | mass. | C) | electric charge. | B) | chemical properties. | D) | period. | | | | |
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|
|
160.
|
Ionization refers to the
process of A) | changing from one period to another. | C) | turning lithium into
fluorine. | B) | losing or gaining protons. | D) | losing or gaining
electrons. | | | | |
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|
|
161.
|
Which statement about the
alkali metals is correct? A) | They are located in the left-most column
of the periodic table. | B) | They are extremely
nonreactive. | C) | They are usually gases. | D) | They form negative ions with a 1– charge. | | |
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|
|
162.
|
Group 18 noble gases are inert
because A) | they readily form positive ions. | B) | they can have either a positive or a negative charge. | C) | their outermost energy level is missing one electron. | D) | their outermost energy level is full. | | |
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|
|
163.
|
The average atomic mass of the
element cesium is approximately 133 amu. What is the mass of 3.00 mol of cesium? A) | 0.133 g | C) | 266 g | B) | 133 g | D) | 399 g | | | | |
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|
|
164.
|
What is the mass in grams of
0.75 mol of sulfur, which has a molar mass of approximately 32 g/mol? A) | 16 g | C) | 32 g | B) | 24 g | D) | 240 g | | | | |
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|
|
165.
|
The chemical element that is
most abundant in the human body is A) | nitrogen. | C) | carbon. | B) | iron. | D) | oxygen. | | | | |
|
|
|
166.
|
The element that is most
abundant in Earth is A) | iron. | C) | silicon. | B) | oxygen. | D) | magnesium. | | | | |
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|
|
167.
|
The change of a substance from
a solid directly to a gas is called A) | condensation. | C) | melting. | B) | evaporation. | D) | sublimation. | | | | |
|
|
|
168.
|
The ability to change or to
move matter is referred to as A) | kinetic
theory. | C) | evaporation. | B) | energy. | D) | heating. | | | | |
|
|
|
169.
|
All changes of the state of
matter require A) | water. | C) | energy. | B) | vibration. | D) | sublimation. | | | | |
|
Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.
|
|
|
170.
|
Wilhelm Roentgen discovered
____________________ while he was investigating cathode rays.
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|
|
171.
|
Life science, physical science,
and earth science make up ____________________ science.
|
|
|
172.
|
The application of science to
meet human needs is referred to as ____________________.
|
|
|
173.
|
A mathematical representation
of an object or event is a ____________________.
|
|
|
174.
|
Scientists use models to
represent real situations and to make ____________________.
|
|
|
175.
|
The scientific method gives
scientists a way to ____________________ their thinking about a problem or question.
|
|
|
176.
|
A possible answer to a
scientific problem is called a ____________________.
|
|
|
177.
|
To view objects that are very
small, a scientist would use a ____________________ ____________________.
|
|
|
178.
|
In the SI system, the prefix
____________________ means one billion.
|
|
|
179.
|
In the SI system, the prefix
____________________ means one millionth.
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|
|
180.
|
375 cm equals
____________________ m.
|
|
|
181.
|
The number 56,780,000,000 would
be written in scientific notation as ____________________  ____________________.
|
|
|
182.
|
The number 4.065 has
____________________ significant figures.
|
|
|
183.
|
The number 50.775 has
____________________ significant figures.
|
|
|
184.
|
____________________ is a
measure of the average kinetic energy of all the particles within an object.
|
|
|
185.
|
A(n) ____________________ is a
device for measuring temperature.
|
|
|
186.
|
The energy transferred between
the particles of two objects because of the temperature difference between the two objects is called
____________________.
|
|
|
187.
|
Radio waves, infrared
radiation, visible light, ultraviolet rays, and X rays are forms of
____________________.
|
|
|
188.
|
A(n) ____________________ is a
material through which energy can be easily transferred as heat.
|
|
|
189.
|
A(n) ____________________ is a
material that is a poor energy conductor.
|
|
|
190.
|
When an object covers equal
distances in equal amounts of time, it is moving at a(n) ____________________ speed.
|
|
|
191.
|
Velocity describes both speed
and ____________________.
|
|
|
192.
|
Mass times velocity equals
____________________.
|
|
|
193.
|
Because the speed of an object
can change from one instant to the next, dividing the distance covered by the time of travel gives
____________________.
|
|
|
194.
|
When bread rises, this is a
sign that a chemical reaction is producing ____________________.
|
|
|
195.
|
A change of
____________________ is a sign that a chemical reaction is taking place.
|
|
|
196.
|
A sign that a chemical reaction
is taking place is release of energy in the form of ____________________ or
____________________.
|
|
|
197.
|
The changes that are visible
during a chemical reaction are signs that the ____________________ in the reactants have been
rearranged.
|
|
|
198.
|
In a chemical reaction, atoms
are ____________________, but they are not created or destroyed.
|
|
|
199.
|
A chemical reaction that
transfers energy from the reactants to the surroundings is referred to as
____________________.
|
|
|
200.
|
Photosynthesis is an example of
a(n) ____________________ chemical reaction in which plants use sunlight to make glucose and
oxygen.
|
|
|
201.
|
When elements combine to form
a(n) ____________________, the resulting properties may be very different from those of the elements
that make it.
|
|
|
202.
|
Atoms bond in compounds when
their ____________________ interact.
|
|
|
203.
|
The word atom comes from
a Greek word that means "unable to be ____________________."
|
|
|
204.
|
John Dalton's atomic theory
stated that atoms of the same ____________________ are exactly alike.
|
|
|
205.
|
The nucleus of an atom has a(n)
____________________ electric charge.
|
|
|
206.
|
Neutrons and protons are found
in the ____________________ of an atom.
|
|
|
207.
|
Atoms have equal numbers of
____________________ and ____________________.
|
|
|
208.
|
Bohr's model of the atom
compares electrons to ____________________.
|
|
|
209.
|
According to modern atomic
theory, the exact location of a(n) ____________________ is uncertain.
|
|
|
210.
|
The order of elements in the
periodic table is based on the number of ____________________ in the nucleus.
|
Short
Answer
|
|
|
211.
|
When an object is seen moving
against a stationary background, what is the stationary background called?
|
|
|
212.
|
A large truck loaded with scrap
steel weighs 14 metric tons and is traveling north on the interstate heading for Chicago. It has been
averaging 48 hm/h for the journey and has traveled over 1450 km so far. It has just stopped to
refuel. What is its current momentum?
|
Essay
|
|
|
213.
|
Consider your time and efforts
relative to the study of chemistry (or physical science if taking physical science). If you
could magically change the past, what would you do in order to be a better chemistry or physical
science student? Your answer will not be counted wrong as long as you make what Mr. Norris
considers to be a respectable answer.
|
|
|
214.
|
If you were to give an honest
response to the following question, how would you fill in the blank?
Thinking back on the amount of
knowledge I have acquired while taking this class, I believe that if I compare the amount of
knowledge I acquired with what I was expected to acquire (as stated in the objectives) I
______________________ a passing grade for the course.
Possible answers for the blank could be
: should not; definitely should not; deserve to be given (even though I did not
study at all); deserve to fail but hope you will give me; believe this is a lousy
question, I respectfully decline to answer because I do not wish to tell a lie; deserve to fail but
still hope I get; deserve.
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|
|
215.
|
What does it mean to say that
"no experiment is a failure"? Do you agree or disagree? Why?
|
|
|
216.
|
Explain why scientists use
scientific notation.
|
|
|
217.
|
Why is the lowest possible
temperature –273ºC?
|
Other
|
|
|
218.
|
Failure to follow ALL of the
following directions will cost you a point on this exam.
PRINT your FULL name on the scantron sheet
next to the word NAME.
ON THE LINE that is ABOVE your name, write the test form (A, B, C, etc.)
of the exam you are taking. After you have done this. BUBBLE IN AN A for this item
number.
|