Reference Type	Author	Year	Title	Secondary Author	Secondary Title	Place Published	Publisher	Volume	Number	Pages	Keywords	Abstract	Author Address
Journal Article	Abbühl, Ruedi;Durrer, Heinz	1998	Modell zur Überlebensstrategie der Gelbbauchunke (Bombina variegata)		Salamandra			34	3	273-277		Universität Basel, Abteilung Medizinische Biologie, Schönbeinstraße 40, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland	
Journal Article	Abdala, Virginia	1998	Análisis cladístico de las especies del género Homonota (Gekkonidae)		Revista Española de Herpetología			12		55-62			virginia@unt.edu.ar
Journal Article	Abel, F.	1998	Status, population biology and conservation of the water monitor (Varanus salvator), the reticulated python (Python reticulatus), and the blood python (Python curtus) in Sumatra and Kalimantan, Indonesia: Project report North Sumatra		Mertensiella			9		111-117		Tannenweg 8, 66130 Güdingen, Germany	
Journal Article	Abell, Allison J.	1998	Phenotypic correlates of male survivorship and reproductive success in the striped plateau lizard, Sceloporus virgatus		Herpetological Journal			8	4	173-180		Dept. of Life Sciences, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN 47809, USA	
Journal Article	Abell, Allison J.	1998	The effect of exogenous testosterone on growth and secondary sexual character development in juveniles of Sceloporus virgatus		Herpetologica			54	4	533-543		Department of Life Sciences, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN 47809, USA	
Journal Article	Acharjyo, L. N.	1998	Role of zoos in the conservation of Reptiles in India		Cobra			33		15-22		House No. M-71, Housing Board Colony, Baramunda, Bhubaneswar 751-003, India	
Journal Article	Acharjyo, L. N.;Kar, S. K.;Patnaik, S. K.	1998	Breeding of spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodilus) at the Nandankanan Zoological Park, Orissa		Cobra			34	Oct.-Dec.	1-5		House No. M-71, Housing Board Colony, Baramunda, Bhubaneswar 751 003, India	
Journal Article	Acuña Juncá, Flora	1998	Reproductive biology of Colostethus stepheni and Colostethus marchesianus (Dendrobatidae), with the description of a new anuran mating behavior		Herpetologica			54	3	377-387		Dept. de Ciências Biológicas, Universidad Estadual de Feira de Santana, C.P. 252-294, Feira de Santana, BA, 44.031-460, Brazil	
Journal Article	Adams, M. J.;Claeson., S.	1998	Field response of tadpoles to conspecific and heterospecific alarm		Ethology			104		955-961			
Journal Article	Adesiyun, A.A.;Caesar, K.;Inder, L.	1998	Prevalence of Salmonella and Campylobacter species in animals at Emperor Valley Zoo, Trinidad		Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine			29	2	237-239	Reptilia, serpentes, sauria, testudines, Aves, infection, Salmonella sp., Campylobacter sp.	The prevalence of Salmonella and thermophilic Campylobacter species in animals kept at the Emperor Valley Zoo, Trinidad, was determined. Of the 433 animals from a total of 30 species sampled, 28 (6.5%) and 11 (2.5%) were positive for Salmonella and Campylobacter, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P less than or equal to 0.001; X-2) Overall, 12 sterotypes of Salmonella were isolated, with S. miami accounting for eight (25.8%) of 31 isolates. All Campylobacter isolates were C. jejuni, with nine (81.8%) of 11 isolates originating from birds. Reptiles had a high prevalence of Salmonella infection with a high probability for salmonellosis, but the risk of campylobacteriosis appears to be very low. AA Adesiyun, Univ W Indies, Sch Vet Med, Fac Med Sci, St Augustine, Trinid & Tobago	
Journal Article	Adler, Kraig;Cogger, Harold G.	1998	Early reptile photography - A new entry		Herpetological Review			29	4	204		kka4@cornell.edu	
Journal Article	Aguilar, Ferran;Solé, Jaume	1998	Distribución y ecología de la herpetofauna de la cuenca del Río Gaià (Tarragona)		Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Española				9	14-18			
Journal Article	Aguirre, A.A.;Spraker, T.R.;Balazs, G.H.;Zimmerman, B.	1998	Spirorchidiasis and fibropapillomatosis in green turtles from the Hawaiian Islands		Journal of Wildlife Diseases			34	1	91-98	Reptilia, testudines, green turtle, Chelonia mydas, infection, trematode, Carettacola hawaiiensis, Hapalotrema dorsopora, Learedius learedi, pathology, virus, fibropapilloma	Pathologic examination of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) from the Hawaiian Islands (USA) was performed to determine the primary cause of mortality. Lesions were associated with fibropapillomatosis (FP) and, or spirorchidiasis (SP) in 16 of 17 green turtles examined. Gross lesions included moderate to severe emaciation, lobulated fibropapillomas of different size classes, serous atrophy of fat, and edema of subcutaneous tissue and muscle. Anasarca, hydropericardium and pulmonary edema were common findings. The neoplastic lesions observed in the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, liver, and kidneys of 29% of turtles examined were histologically characterized as fibromas. A generalized thickening and hardening of major vessels and thrombosis with partial or complete lumen occlusion were observed in turtles with FP and SP. Histologically, lymphoplasmocytic endarteritis was observed in vessels of turtles with both conditions. Multifocal granulomas were associated with trematode ova in the parenchyma of most organs of all turtles with FP and SP. Spirorchidiasis and FP were considered the primary causes of mortality in the turtles examined. Further studies should focus on the pathogenic interaction of both conditions and their synergism as debilitating and fatal diseases in this threatened species.	
Journal Article	Aguirre, A.A.;Spraker, T.R.;Balazs, G.;Zimmerman, B.	1998	Spirorchiriasis and fibropapillomatosis in green turtles from the Hawaiian islands		Journal of Wildlife Diseases			34	1	91-98	green; fp		
Journal Article	Ahervuo, Ismo	1998	Puuboa Corallus enydris		Herpetomania			7	3/4	48-50			
Journal Article	Aiassa, D.;Gorla, N.;Avila, L.;Martori, Ricardo	1998	Cariotipo de Liolaemus saxatilis (Squamata: Tropiduridae): definición y comparación con otros taxones de grupo chiliensis [Karyotype of Liolaemus saxatillis (Squamata: Tropiduridae) and comparison with other taxons of the chiliensis group]		Revista Española de Herpetología			12		63-67			Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal N°3, 5800 Río Cuarto, Argentina
Journal Article	Akin, Jonathan A.;Townsend, Victor R.	1998	Scincella lateralis (Ground Skink). Aquatic behavior		Herpetological Review			29	1	43		Dept. of Biol. Univ. of Southwestern Louisiana, Lafayette, LA 70504-2451, USA	
Journal Article	Akin, Jonathan A.	1998	Fourier series estimation of ground skink population density		Copeia			1998	2	519-522		akin@usl.edu	
Journal Article	Al-Oran, Ratib M.;Rostum, Saman;Joger, Ulrich;Amr, Zuhair S.	1998	First record of the Levantine Viper, Macrovipera lebetina, from Jordan		Zoology in the Middle East			16		65-70			
Journal Article	Alcobendas, Marina;Blanco, Maria José;De La Riva, Ignacio	1998	Pere Alberch Vié (1954-1998)		Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Española				9	52-53			
Journal Article	Alexander, Graham J.;Marshall, Catherine L.	1998	Diel activity patterns in a captive colony of rinkhals, Hemachatus haemnachatus		African Journal of Herpetology			47	1	29-32		graham@gecko.biol.wits.ac.za	
Journal Article	Alibardi, Lorenzo	1998	Presence of acid phosphatase in the epidermis of the regenerating tail of the lizard (Podarcis muralis) and its possible role in the process of shedding and keratinization		Journal of Zoology, London			246		379-390			
Journal Article	Alibardi, Lorenzo	1998	Differentiation of the epidermis during scale formation in embryos of lizard		J. Anat.			192		173-186			
Journal Article	Alibardi, Lorenzo	1998	Glycogen distribution in relation to epidermal cell differentiation during embryonic scale morphogenesis in the lizard Anolis lineatopsus		Acta Zoologica (Stockholm)			79	2	91-100			
Journal Article	Almeida, C. M. C.;Kanashiro, M. M.;Rangel, F. B.;Mata, M. F. R.;Kipnis, T. L.;Dasilva, W. D.	1998	Development of snake antivenom antibodies in chickens and their purification from yolk		Veterinary Record			143	21	579-584	Reptilia, serpentes, venom, antivenom, chicken egg	Adult white leghorn hens hyperimmunised with Brazilian snake venoms of the genus Bothrops and/or Crotalus produced antibodies capable of recognising, combining with and neutralising the toxic and lethal components of the venoms. The antibodies were first detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay two weeks after starting the immunisation schedule, reached the highest titres by the third week and remained high for at least 24 weeks, These antibodies are transferred to the egg yolk from which they were isolated as enriched IgY preparations by a combination of methods using positive and negative precipitation with sodium sulphate and/or caprylic acid. The yolk-derived IgY preparations contained antibodies which blocked the phospholipase A(2)-dependent haemolytic activity of both venoms and the haemorrhagic activity of Bothrops venom, and neutralised the toxic lethal activities of the venoms with good efficacy. The median effective dose (ED50) of the IgY anti-Bothrops venom was 592 . 5 mu l/2LD(50) and, 1 . 0 ml neutralised 0 . 0675 mg of venom, The ED50 of the IgY anti-Crotalus venom was 457 . 5 mu l/3LD(50) and 1 . 0 ml neutralised 0 . 075 mg of venom. CMC Almeida, Univ Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Lab Biol Reconhecer CBB, Av Alberto Lamego 2000, BR-28015620 Campos Goytacazes, RJ, BRAZIL	
Journal Article	Almeida-Santos, Selma Maria;Aguiar, Luis Felipe Schmidt de;Balestrain, Rafael Lucchesi	1998	Micrurus frontalis (Coral Snake). Male combat		Herpetological Review			29	4	242			
Book	Altimari, William	1998	Venomous Snakes: A Safety Guide for Reptile Keepers			St. Louis, MO	SSAR			iv, 24			
Book	Altimari, William	1998	Venomous Snakes: A Safety Guide for Reptile Keepers			St. Louis, MO	SSAR			iv, 24 p.			
Journal Article	Alves, Fátima Queiroz;Argólo, António Jorge Suzart	1998	Geographic distribution. Dipsas indica petersi		Herpetological Review			29	3	176			
Journal Article	Alviani, Sandro	1998	Guyana: the lost opportunity		Reptilia (GB)				2	15-17			
Journal Article	Amat, Fèlix	1998	Datos sobre la biología y ecología de la culebra lisa Europea Coronella austriaca en el Pirineo Oriental		Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Española				9	22-27			
Journal Article	Ameen, R. Al	1998	Amphibians of Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary		Cobra			31		22-24		A/A, 165 Jothi Nagar, Pollachi 642 001, Tamil nadu, India	
Journal Article	Amin, O.M.;Wongsawad, C.;Marayong, T.;Saehoong, P.;Suwattanacoupt, S.;Sey, O.	1998	Sphaerechinorhynchus macropisthospinus sp. n. (Acanthocephala: Plagiorhynchidae) from lizards, frogs, and fish in Thailand		Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington			65	2	174-178	Reptilia, sauria, gecko, amphibia, anura, infection, helminth, Acanthocephala, Sphaerechinorhynchus macropisthospinus sp. n.	Sphaerechinorhynchus macropisthospinus sp. n. (Acanthocephala: Plagiorhynchidae: Sphaerechinorhynchinae) is described from females with ovarian balls obtained from the house gecko, Hemidactlyus-frenatus, and from 2 species of frogs, Kaloula pulchra and Microhyla sp. collected in the Doi Suthep-Pui National Park, suburban Chiang Mai, Thailand. One unidentified juvenile female now assigned the same species (this paper) was previously reported from the body cavity of the murrel fish, Ophicephalus striatus, also in Thailand. For a parasite that probably matures in snakes, the above represents an unusual assortment of paratenic host taxa that sheds some light on the possible biology of these unusual acanthocephalans. The new species is distinguished from the 3 other known species of the genus by having the largest number of proboscis hooks per row (9: 3 anterior rooted hooks and 6 spines) with the third (posteriormost) hook being the largest, among other features. OM Amin, Inst Parasit Dis, POB 28372, Tempe, AZ 85285 USA	
Journal Article	Amir, M.;Sugardjito, J.;Boeadi	1998	The scientific authority of CITES, the Indonesian Institute of Sciences, LIPI		Mertensiella			9		17-20		Research and Development Centre for Biology- LIPI, Jl. Ir. Juanda No. 18, Bogor 16122, Indonesia	
Journal Article	Amr, Zuhair S.;Disi, Ahmad M.	1998	Diet of some snakes from Jordan		Amphibia-Reptilia			19	4	436-439		Department of Biology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030 Irbid, Jordan	
Journal Article	Ananjeva, Natalia B.	1998	Department of Herpetology, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia: History and current research		Herpetological Review			29	3	136-140		nbanorus@glasnet.ru	
Book	Ananjeva, N. B.;Borkin, Leo J.;Darevsky, I. S.;Orlov, N. L.	1998	Encyclopedia of Russian Nature: Amphibians and Reptiles			Moscow	ABF Publ. House			576, 64 plates			
Journal Article	Ananjeva, Natalia B.	1998	The skull structure of some arid asian agamids of Phrynocephalus genus (Agamidae, Sauria)		Russian Journal of Herpetology			5	1	29-35		Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia	
Journal Article	Andersen, Per	1998	Opdrætsresultater: Russisk landskilpadde, Testudo horsfieldii		Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening			41	4	86		Fyrrebakken 18, 3600 Frederikssund, Denmark	
Journal Article	Anderson, William D., Jr	1998	Book review: The Bone Sharp: The Life of Edward Drinker Cope		Copeia			1998	3	817-819		andersonwd@cofc.edu	
Journal Article	Anderson, Steven C.	1998	Book review: Amphibians of Iran		Herpetological Review			29	4	254-255		asaccus@aol.com	
Journal Article	Anderson, N.L. et al.	1998	Assessment of propofol as an anesthetic agent in brown tree snakes, Boiga irregularis.		ARAV 5th Ann. Conf. Sept 26-29					29-31	Reptilia, serpentes, brown tree snake, Boiga irregularis, anesthesia, propofol		
Journal Article	Anderson, Curtis W.;Nishikawa, Kiisa C.;Keifer, Joyce	1998	Distribution of hypoglossal motor neurons innervating the prehensile tongue of the African pig-nosed frog, Hemisus marmoratum		Neuroscience Letters			244		5-8			
Journal Article	Andrade, Denis Vieira;Abe, Augusto Shinya	1998 (1999)	Abnormalities in a litter of Boa constrictor amarali		The Snake			28	1-2	28-32		Departamento de Zoologica, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Caixa Postal 199, 13506-900, Rio Claro, Sp. Brazil	
Journal Article	Andreas, Britta;Paul, Regina	1998	Clutch size and structure of breeding chambers of Emys o. orbicularis in Brandenburg		Mertensiella			10		29-32		Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde, Forschungsstelle, Augustusstraße 2, D-01067 Dresden, Germany	
Journal Article	Andreone, Franco;Glaw, Frank;Vences, Miguel;Vallan, Denis	1998	A new Mantidactylus from south-eastern Madagascar, with a review of Mantidactylus peraccae (Ranidae: Mantellinae)		Herpetological Journal			8	3	149-159		Sezione di Zoologia, Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali. Via G. Giolitti 36, I-10123 Torino, Italy	
Journal Article	Andreone, Franco	1998	Capture-recapture study of Mantidactylus microtympanum (Anura, Ranidae, Mantellinae) from the Andohahela low altitude rainforest, south-eastern Madagascer		Amphibia-Reptilia			19	4	451-455		Sexione di Zoologia, Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Via G. Giolitti 36, 10123 Torino, Italy	
Journal Article	Andrews, Harry V.;Das, Indraneil	1998	Addenda to the bibliography of the herpetology of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands		Hamadryad			23	1	84-85		Centre for Herpetology, Madras Crocodile Bank Trust, Post Bag 4, Mamallapuram, Tamil Nadu 603-104, India	
Journal Article	Andrews, M. I.;George, Sanil	1998	Amphibian Resources of Kerala		Cobra			33		41-48		Department of Zoology, Marthoma College, Tiruvalla-3 Kerala, India	
Journal Article	Andrews, Harry	1998	Book Review: A Little Book of Monitor Lizards		Hamadryad			22	2	131		Centre for Herpetology, Madras Crocodile Bank Trust, Post Bag 4, Mallapuram 603-104, India	
Journal Article	Angilletta, Michael J., Jr;Werner, Yehudah L.	1998	Australian geckos do not display diel variation in thermoregulatory behavior		Copeia			1998	3	736-742		angillet@sas.upenn.edu	
Journal Article	Anholt, Bradley R.;Negovetic, Sonja;Som, Christian	1998	Methods for anaesthetizing and marking larval anurans		Herpetological Review			29	3	153-154		banholt@uvic.ca	
Journal Article	Anholt, b. R.;Negovetic, S.;Som, C.	1998	Methods for anesthetizing and marking larval anurans		Herpetological Review			29	3	153-154	population, technique, procedure, mortality, mark		
Journal Article	Anholt, B. R.;Negovetic, S.;Som., C.	1998	Methods for anaesthizing and marking larval anurans		Herpetological Review			29		153-154			
Journal Article	Ankley, G.A.;Mihaich, E.;Stahl, R.	1998	Overview of a workshop on screening methods for detecting potential estrogenic/androgenic chemicals in wildlife		Env. Toxicol. and Chem.			17	1	68-87	Ecotoxicology		
Journal Article	Annable, Terry	1998	Nephrurus deleani (Harvey 1983)		Dactylus			3	3	115-116		Science Department, Avondale College, Box 19, Cooranbong, NSW 2265, Australia	
Journal Article	Anonymous	1998	Current literature in Asian herpetology		Hamadryad			23	1	85-91			
Journal Article	Anonymous	1998	Current literature in Asian Herpetology		Hamadryad			23	2	200-216			
Journal Article	Anonymous	1998	Salmonella bacteria and reptiles		Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association			213	1	52	Reptilia, sauria, serpentes, testudines, infection, bacteria, salmonella		
Generic	Anonymous	1998	Association of Reptilian and Amphibian veterinarians guidelines for reducing risk of transmission of Salmonella spp from reptiles to humans	213	1			
Journal Article	Anonymous	1998	Association of Reptilian and Amphibian veterinarians guidelines for reducing risk of transmission of Salmonella spp from reptiles to humans		Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association			213	1		infection,  bacteriology,  Salmonella,  zoonosis,  reptilia		
Journal Article	Anonymous	1998	On International Chelonian Conservation Congress held at Gonfaron, Southern france		Sichuan Journal of Zoology			17	2	72-73			
Journal Article	Anstis, Marion;Alford, Ross A.;Gillespie, Graeme R.	1998	Breeding biology of Litoria booroolongensis (Moore, 1961), and Litoria lesueuri (Duméril & Bibron, 1841) (Anura: hylidae) and comments on population declines of L. booroolongensis		Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia			122	1	33-43			
Journal Article	Anthony, Michael	1998	Top of the Range gecko - The Saltuarius occultus story		Dactylus			3	3	121-126		P.O. Box 523M, Manunda, QLD 4870, Australia	
Journal Article	Anthony, Michael	1998	Report on the bite of a curl snake (Suta suta)		Herpetofauna			28	2	11-13		P.O. Box 523M Manunda, QLD 4870, Australia	
Book Section	Anton, Thomas G.;Mauger, David;Brandon, Ronald A.;Ballard, Scott R.;Stillwaugh, Donald M., Jr.	1998	Distribution, habitats, and status of Four-toed Salamanders in Illinois	Lannoo, M. J.	Status & Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians	Iowa City	University of Iowa Press			45-48			
Journal Article	Anzalone, C.R.;Kats, L.B.;Gordon, M.S.	1998	Effects of solar UV-B radiation on embryonic development on Hyla cadaverina, Hyla regilla, and Taricha torosa		Conservation Biology.			12		646-653.	Amphibia, anura, urodela, Hyla cadaverina, Hyla regilla, Taricha torosa, physiology, Vitamin D., embryo, development, UV-B radiation		
Journal Article	Anzalone, C. R.;Kats-Lee, B.;Gordon-Malcom., S.	1998	Effects of solar UV-B radiation on embryonic development in Hyla cadaverina, Hyla regilla, and Taricha torosa		Conservation Biology			12		646-653			
Journal Article	Arano, Begoña;Llorente, Gustavo A.;Montori, Albert;Buckley, David;Herrero, Pilar	1998	Diversification in north-west African water frogs: molecular and morphological evidence		Herpetological Journal			8	1	57-64		Dept. of Biol. The Open Univ., Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, Great Britain	
Journal Article	Ardizzoni, Carlo;Fritz, Uwe	1998	Some morphological data on pond turtles (Emys orbicularis) of Sicily		Mertensiella			10		287-288		Associacione Erpetologica Siciliana, Via Garibaldi, 2, I-95029 Viagrande, Italy	
Journal Article	Aresco, Matthew J.;Reed, Robert N.	1998	Rana capito sevosa (Dusky Gopher Frog). Predation		Herpetological Review			29	1	40		Dept. of Zool. & Wildl. Sci., Auburn Univ. Auburn, AL 36849-5414	
Journal Article	Aresco, Matthew J.;Guyer, Craig	1998	Efficacy of using scute annuli to determine growth histories and age of Gopherus polyphemus in southern Alabama		Copeia			1998	4	1094-1100		aresco@bio.fsu.edu	
Journal Article	Arestee, M.;Farriols, J. L.	1998	Pogona vitticeps Inland Bearded Dragon (Ahl, 1926)		Reptilia (GB)				2	39-42			
Journal Article	Aresté, Manuel	1998	Cyclura: The ground iguanas of the Caribbean		Reptilia (GB)				2	52-57			
Journal Article	Aresté, M.;Farriols, J. L.	1998	caiman crocodilus Spectacled caiman (Linnaeus, 1758)		Reptilia (GB)				4	39-42			
Journal Article	Aresté, M.;Farriols, J. L.	1998	Caiman crocodilus Spectacled caiman (Linnaeus, 1758)		Reptilia (GB)				4	39-42			
Journal Article	Aresté, M.;Farriols, J. L.	1998	Tylototriton verrucossus Mandarin salamander, brown emperor newt, crocodile newt Anderson, 1871		Reptilia (GB)				5	39-42			
Journal Article	Aresté, M.;Farriols, J. L.	1998	Tylototriton verrucosus Salamandra mandarín Anerdon, 1871		Reptilia (E)				18	39-42			
Journal Article	Aresté Gargallo, Manel	1998	Nuevas instalaciones para reptiles en el Parque Zoológico de Barcelona		Reptilia (E)				14	56-59			
Journal Article	Argólo, António Jorge Suzart	1998	Geographic distribution. Chironius quadricarinatus quadricarinatus		Herpetological Review			29	3	175			
Journal Article	Argólo, António Jorge Suzart	1998	Geographic distribution. Echinanthera affinis		Herpetological Review			29	3	176			
Journal Article	Argólo, António Jorge Suzart	1998	Geographic distribution. Simophis rhinostoma		Herpetological Review			29	3	179			
Journal Article	Arifin, Z.	1998	Development policies of the leather industry in Indonesia		Mertensiella			9		33-35		Dept. of Trade and Industry, Dit. Jen. IA, Dir. Industri Kulit, Jalan Gatot Subroto KAV. 52/53, Jakarta, Indonesia	
Journal Article	Arntzen, J. W.	1998	Book review: Die Amphibien und Reptilien Portugals, Madeiras und der Azoren		Amphibia-Reptilia			19	3	341-342			
Journal Article	Arntzen, J. W.	1998	Book review: Morphologic and genetic studies of the European plthodontid salamander: Taxonomic inferences (genus Hydromantes)		Amphibia-Reptilia			19	3	343-344			
Journal Article	Arribas, Oscar J.	1998	Osteology of the Pyrenean Mountain lizards and comparison with other species of the collective genus Archaeolacerta Mertens, 1921 s. l. from Europe and Asia Minor (Squamata: Sauria: Lacertidae)		Herpetozoa			11	1/2	47-70		Department of Animal Biology (Zoology), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, E-08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain	
Journal Article	Arribas, Oscar J.	1998	Morfología filogenia y biogeografía de las lagartijas de alta montaña de los Pirineos. [Morphology, phylogeny and biogeography of the high mountain lizards of the Pyrenees]		Revista Española de Herpetología			12		117-118			
Journal Article	Artaloytia, Molina	1998	La Dominación de la naturaleza y lo deseable desde la ética: Aspectos éticos y legales de la terrariofilia y la cautividad (I)		Reptilia (E)				14	64-67			
Journal Article	Arvy, Christophe;Servan, Jean	1998	Imminent competition between Trachemys scripta and Emys orbicularis in France		Mertensiella			10		33-40		Muséum National d'Historie Naturelle, 43 Rue Cuvier, F-75005 Paris, France	
Journal Article	Arvy, C.	1998	Ovariectomy of the Slider turtle Trachemys scripta elegans by lateral way		Recueil de Medecine Veterinaire			174	1-2	44-47	Reptilia, testudines, red eaure turtle, Trachemys scripta elegans, pathology, ovary, ovariectomy	Slider turtles, Trachemys scripta elegans, released in the natural field are competitors of European protected turtles. Their reproduction should increase this hazard. Simple intervention of ovariectomy by lateral way is described. After a note on the physiology and the anatomy of chelonians, the intervention is evaluate with care of the place of life (terrarium or semi-natural field) and the ovarian cycle. Two tables summary the major antibiotics and anesthesics used for chelonians. C Arvy, 7 Rue Hoche, F-33400 Talence, France	
Journal Article	Arzabe, Cristina;Carvalho, Cynara Xavier de;Goes-Costa, Marcos A.	1998	Anuran assemblages in Crasto Forest ponds (Sergipe State, Brazil): Comparative structure and calling activity patterns		Herpetological Journal			8	2	111-113		Universidad Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Zoología, Caixa Postal 19020, 81531-990, Curitiba, P.R. Brazil	
Journal Article	Asa, Cheryl S.;London, Gary D.;Goellner, Ronald R.;Haskell, Normal;Roberts, Glenn;Wilson, Crispen	1998	Thermoregulatory behavior of captive American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis)		Journal of Herpetology			32	2	191-197		St. Louis Zoological Park, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA	
Journal Article	Asanuma, Enoki;Otuji, Tatuto;Nakamoto, Eiichi;Kawamura, Yoshiharu;Toriba, Michihisa	1998 (1999)	Report of the sea snake bite by Hydrophis melanocephalus at Amami-Oshima Islan, Japan		The Snake			28	1-2	62-64		Surgery Division, Kagoshima Prefectural Oshima Hospital, Manatsu 18-1, Naze, Kagoshima 894, Japan	
Journal Article	Ascêncio-Machado, Reginaldo;Sérgio-Bernarde, Paulo;Abrahão-Morato, Sérgio Augusto	1998	Liophis miliaris (Common Water Snake). Prey		Herpetological Review			29	1	45		Univ. Estadual de Londrina, Dept. de Biol. Animal e Vegetal, P.O. Box 6001, 86051-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil	
Journal Article	Ashton, Kyle G.	1998	Sceloporus undulatus elongatus (Northern Plateau Lizard). Mating Behavior		Herpetological Review			29	2	102		Dept. EPO Biol., Campus Box 334, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA	
Journal Article	Ashton, Kyle G.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Spea multiplicata		Herpetological Review			29	2	108			
Journal Article	Ashton, Kyle G.;Ashton, Kristi L.	1998	Phrynosoma douglasi (Short-horned Lizard). Reproduction		Herpetological Review			29	3	168-169		Dept. EPO Biol. Campus Box 334, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA	
Journal Article	Ashton, Kyle G.;Johnson, Jay	1998	Crotalus viridis concolor (Midget Faded Rattlesnake) Drinking from skin		Herpetological Review			29	3	170		Dept. EPO Biol. Campus Box 334, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA	
Journal Article	Ashton, Kyle G.	1998	Pituophis melanoleucus deserticola (Great Basin Gopher Snake). Regional heterothermy		Herpetological Review			29	3	170-171		Dept. EPO Biol. Campus Box 334, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA	
Journal Article	Atkins, William	1998	'Catch 22' for the Great Crested Newt: Observations on the breeding ecology of the Great Crested Newt Triturus cristatus and its implications for the conservation of the species		British Herpetological Society Bulletin				63	17-26		61 Weston Park, London, N8, Great Britain	
Journal Article	Attum, Omar A.	1998	Mabuya quinquetaeniata quinquetaeniata (Bean Skink). Foraging		Herpetological Review			29	1	42		8807 Lin Station Rd., Louisville, KY 40222, USA	
Journal Article	Austin, Christopher C.	1998	Phylogenetic relationships of Lipinia (Scincidae) from New Guinea based on DNA sequence variation from the mitochondrial 12S rRNA and Nuclear C-MOS genes		Hamadryad			23	2	93-102		caustin@ism.ac.jp	
Journal Article	Austin, C.C.;Wilkins, M.J.	1998	Reptile-associated salmonellosis		Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association			212	6	866-867	Reptilia, serpentes, sauria, infection, bacteria, salmonella	CC Austin, Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Div Infect Dis, 525 W Jefferson St, Springfield, IL 62761 USA	
Journal Article	Austin, James D.;Gregory, Patrick T.	1998 (1999)	Relative roles of thermal and chemical cues in the investigative behavior of prey in colubrid (Elaphe guttata and Lampropeltis getulus) and Boid (Python regius) snakes		Herpetological Natural History			6	1	47-50		Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada	
Journal Article	Auth, David L.;Chiszar, David;Smith, Hobart M.;Van Breukelen, Frank	1998	Geographic Distribution. Masticophis mentovarius mentovarius		Herpetological Review			29	1	54			
Journal Article	Avila, Luciano Javier	1998	Geographic Distribution. Vanzosaura rubricauda		Herpetological Review			29	1	52			
Journal Article	Avila, Luciano Javier;Morando, Mariana	1998	Bothrops ammodytoides (Yarará ñata, Patagonian Lancehead). Prey		Herpetological Review			29	3	169		Centro Regional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Technologicas de la Rioja, CONICET, Anillaco, La Rioja, Argentina	
Journal Article	Avila, Luciano Javier;Morando, Mariana	1998	Geographic distribution. Liolaemus melanops		Herpetological Review			29	3	174-175			
Journal Article	Avila, Luciano J.;Acosta, J. C.;Murúa, A. F.	1998	Herpetofauna de la Provincia de San Juan, Argentina: Lista comentada y distribución Geográfica		Cuadernos de Herpetologica.			12	1	11-29			
Journal Article	Avila, Luciano J.;Acosta, Juan C.;Murúa, A. F.	1998	Herpetofauna de la provincia de San Juan, Argentina: lista comentada y distribución geográfica		Cuadernos de Herpetologica			12	1	11-29			
Journal Article	Avila-Pires, Teresa C. S.;Vitt, Laurie J.	1998	A new species of Neusticurus (Reptilia: Gymnophthalmidae) from the Rio Juruá, Acre, Brazil		Herpetologica			54	2	235-245		National Natuurhistorisch Museum, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands	
Journal Article	Aznar, F. Javier;Badillo, F. Javier;Raga, Juan A.	1998	Gastrointestinal helminths of loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) from the Western Mediterranean: constraints on community structure		Journal of Parasitology			84	3	474-479			
Journal Article	Babbitt, K. J.;Tanner., G. W.	1998	Effects of cover and predator size on survival and development of Rana utricularia tadpoles		Oecologia			114		258-262			
Journal Article	Babik, Wieslaw	1998	Intrageneric predation in larval newts (Triturus, Salamandridae, Urodela)		Amphibia-Reptilia			19	4	446-451		Department of Comparative Anatomy, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Ingardena 6, 30-060 Cracow, Poland	
Journal Article	Bacciarini, L.N.;Wenker, C.J.;Godenzi, P.;Posthaus, H.	1998	Lymphoma in a spur-tailed land tortoise (Testudo hermanni) and a south African red-footed tortoise (Geochelone carbonaria)		European Journal of Veterinary Pathology			4	3	37-40	Reptilia, testudines, spur-tailed land tortoise, Testudo hermanni, south American red-footed tortoise, Geochelone carbonaria, Pathology, tumor, neoplasia, lymphoma	Clinical, cytological, pathological and ultrastructural features of a systemic lymphoproliferative disorder in a male spur-tailed land tortoise (Testudo hermanni) and a South American red-footed tortoise (Geochelone carbonaria) are described. Massive proliferation of lymphoblastic cells was noted in several organs. The neoplasia was classified as a diffuse type of malignant lymphoma with a leukemic phase. Reprint Endnote 99/15	
Journal Article	Bacciarini, L.N.;Wenker, C.J.;Godenzi, P.;Posthaus, H.	1998	Lymphoma in a spur-tailed land tortoise (Testudo hermanni) and a south American red-footed tortoise (Geochelone carbonaria)		European Journal of Veterinary Pathology			4	3	37-40	Reptilia, testudines, spur-tailed land tortoise, Testudo hermanni, south American red-footed tortoise, Geochelone carbonaria, Pathology, tumor, neoplasia, lymphoma	Clinical, cytological, pathological and ultrastructural features of a systemic lymphoproliferative disorder in a male spur-tailed land tortoise (Testudo hermanni) and a South American red-footed tortoise (Geochelone carbonaria) are described. Massive proliferation of lymphoblastic cells was noted in several organs. The neoplasia was classified as a diffuse type of malignant lymphoma with a leukemic phase. Reprint Endnote 99/15	
Journal Article	Bachhausen, Paul	1998	Der Chinesische Zwergmolch - ein dankbarer Pflegling für vollaquatische Urodelenhaltung		Elaphe			6	1	13-16		Am Püttkamp 20, D-40629 Düsseldorf, Germany	
Journal Article	Bachs Taberner, Miguel	1998	Metabolic bone disease in common iguanas		Reptilia (GB)				2	12-13			
Journal Article	Baig, Khalid J.	1998	A new species of Tenuidactylus (Sauria: Gekkonidae) from Balochistan, Pakistan		Hamadryad			23	2	127-132		nathist@pmnh.sdnpk.undp.org	
Journal Article	Bailey, Karan A.;Guyer, Craig	1998	Demography and population status of the flattened musk turtle, Sternotherus depressus, in the Black Warrior River Basin of Alabama		Chelonian Conservation and Biology			3	1	77-83	Kinosternidae; population status; sex ratio; habitat; parasitism; conservation	Conservation services Southeast, 2040 Old Federal Road, Shorter, AL 36075, USA	
Journal Article	Baker, Cherryl Richards;Brattstrom, Bayard H.;Brattstrom, Martha A.	1998	Microhabitat utilization by some Queensland, Australia geckos		Dactylus			3	3	97-102		BHB: Dept. of Biology, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92834, USA	
Journal Article	Baker, John	1998	Growth of juvenile newts triturus cristatus and T. vulgaris in captivity		Amphibia-Reptilia			19	3	335-340		4016 NW Witham Hill Drive #67, Corvallis, OR 97330. USA	
Book Section	Baker, Richard G.	1998	Late Quaternary environmental changes in the Midwestern United States	Lannoo, M. J.	Status & Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians	Iowa City	University of Iowa Press			3-8			
Journal Article	Bakker, John;Bakker, Marion	1998	Het houden en kweken van Crotalus (Sistrurus) cetenatus tergeminus		Het Terrarium			16	7	4-6		navajo@hethet.nl	
Book	Balazs, G.H.	1998	Fibropapilloma disease of marine turtles			Honolulu	Southwest Fisheries Science Centre			6pp			
Journal Article	Baldwin, Robert	1998	Poecilotheria: The ornamental spiders		Reptilia (GB)				4	43-46			
Journal Article	Ball, James C.	1998	The distribution of red-spotted and central newts in Michigan		Herpetological Review			29	4	214-216		jball@ford.com	
Journal Article	Ballinger, Royce E.;Lemos-Espinal, Julio A.;Smith, Geoffrey R.	1998	Thermal tollerance of five species of lizard from Mexico and the southwestern USA		Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society			34	1	1-14			
Journal Article	Bamford, M. J.	1998	Field observations on the semi-arboreal pygopodids Aclys concinna (Kluge 1974) and Pletholax gracilis (Cope 1864)		Herpetofauna			28	2	2-4		23 Plover Way, Kingsley, WA 6026, Australia	
Journal Article	Bannert, Brigitte	1998	Zur Fortpflanzungsbiologie der Halsbandeidechsen von Madeira und den Kanarischen Inseln in Gefangenschaft {Reproduction of lacertid lizards from the Canary Islands and Madeira in captivity]		Salamandra			34	4	289-300		Museum für Naturkunde, Insitiut für Systematische Zoologie, Ivalidenstraße 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany	
Journal Article	Barahona, Fabiola;Rage, Jean-Claude;García-Talavera, Francisco	1998	The frist record of snakes on the Canary Islands: a vertebra from the Upper Miocene of Lanzarote		Amphibia-Reptilia			19	4	419-425		Deptartment of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London, Rockefeller Building, University Street, London WC1E 6JJ, Great Britain	
Journal Article	Barahona, Fabiola	1998	Gallotia caesaris (Hierro Canary Island Lizard). Unusual prey		Herpetological Review			29	4	238			
Journal Article	Barahona, Fabiola;López-Jurado, Luis Felipe;Mateo, José Antonio	1998	Estudio anatómico del esqueleto en el género Gallotia (Squamata: Lacertidae) [Anatomical study of the skeleton of the genus Gallotia (Squamata: Lacertidae)]		Revista Española de Herpetología			12		69-89			Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London, Rockefeller building, University Street, London WC1E 6JJ, United Kingdom
Book	Baran, Ibrahim;Atatür, Mehmet K.	1998	Turkish Herpetofauna (Amphibians and Reptiles)			Ankara	Ministry of the Environment			xiv, 214			
Journal Article	Barandun, Jonas;Reyer, Heinz-Ulrich	1998	Reproductive ecology of Bombina variegata: Habitat use		Copeia			1998	2	497-500		HUR: ulireyer@zool.unizh.ch	
Journal Article	Barbadillo, Luis J.;Martínez-Solano, Iñigo;Valdemoro, David G.	1998	Blanus cinereus (Iberian Amphisbaenian). Diet		Herpetological Review			29	4	236			
Journal Article	Bardsley, Louise;Smith, Sean;Beebee, Trevor J. C.	1998	Identification of Bufo larvae by molecular methods		Herpetological Journal			8	3	145-148		School of Biology, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, Great Britain	
Journal Article	Barker, Dave;Barker, Tracy	1998	A report of a tree boa hybrid		Reptiles			6	3	14-17			
Journal Article	Barnett, Brian	1998	Artificial incubation of reptile eggs		Monitor			9	2	4-8		barnettb@ocean.com.au	
Journal Article	Barrio Amorós, Cesar Luis	1998	Sistematica y biogeografia de los anfibios (Amphibia) de Venezuela [Systematics and biogeography of the amphiians (Amphibia) of Venezuela		Acta Biologica Venezuelica			18	2	1-92			
Journal Article	Bartholomew, Breck	1998	Book review: Lizards Volumes 1 & 2		Reptilia (E)				14	74-75			
Journal Article	Bartholomew, Breck	1998	Book Review: Tales of Giant Snakes: A Historical Natural History of Anacondas and Pythons		Reptilia (GB)				2	75-76			
Journal Article	Bartholomew, Breck	1998	Book review: Advances in Amphibian Research in the Former Soviet Union. Volumes 1 & 2		Reptilia (GB)				4	78			
Journal Article	Bartholomew, Breck	1998	Book review: Snake Charm		Reptilia (GB)				4	78-79			
Journal Article	Bartlett, Dick	1998	The unsung beauty of Garter Snakes		Reptiles			6	1	48-63			
Journal Article	Bartlett, Dick	1998	Crocodile Fever		Reptiles			6	1	30-35			
Journal Article	Bartlett, Dick	1998	Mapping the Southeast		Reptiles			6	3	20-22			
Journal Article	Bartlett, Paul	1998	Bufo boreas (Western Toad). Mortality		Herpetological Review			29	2	96		Dept. of Biol. Waldorf College, 106 South 6th St. Forest City, IA 50436, USA	
Journal Article	Bass, Anna L.;Lagueux, Cynthia J.;Bowen, Brian W.	1998	Origin of green turtles, Chelonia mydas, at "Sleeping Rocks" off the northeast coast of Nicaragua		Copeia			1998	4	1064-1069		abass@gnv.ifas.ufl.edu	
Journal Article	Bassalayeva, Svetlana A.;Kolbintzev, Vladimir G.;Dujsebayeva, Tatyana N.;Castellano, Sergio	1998 (1999)	Notes on the distribution and natural history of the Middle Asiatic toad (Bufo danatensis) from the Aksu-Dzhabagly Nature Reserve, Western Tein-Shan Mountains		Advances in Amphibian Research in the Former Soviet Union			3		163-177		Faculty of Biology, Kazakh State University, Al-Farabi Prospect 71, Alma-Ata 480078, Kazakhstan	
Journal Article	Basso, Néstor G.	1998	A new telmatobiine Leptodactylid frog of the genus Atelognathus from Patagonia		Herpetologica			54	1	44-52		Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet," Casilla de Correo 712, 1900 La Plata, Argentina	
Journal Article	Basu, Dhruvajyoti;Singh, Suresh Pal	1998	Reproduction in Geoclemys hamiltonii (Testudines: Bataguridae)		Hamadryad			23	2	157-161		Gharial Rehabilitation Centre, Kukrail, Lucknow 226 015, Uttar Pradesh, India	
Journal Article	Basu, Dhruvajyoti	1998	Female reproductive cycle in Hardella thurjii Gray from Northern India		Hamadryad			22	2	95-106		Crocodile Centre, Kukrail Pinic Spot, Lucknow 226 015, Uttar Pradesh, India	
Journal Article	Bates, Michael F.;Heideman, Neil J. L.;Wilson, Brian A.;Hendricks, Martin G. J.;Don, Nulfa;Moses, Carlos	1998 (1999)	Morphological variation and geographical distribution in the South African lizards Typhlosaurus caecus (Cuvier 1817) and Typhlosaurus vermis Boulenger 1887 (Scincidae: Acontinae)		African Journal of Herpetology			47	2	35-41		herp@nasmus.co.za	
Journal Article	Batista Carissimi-Priori, Luis	1998	La danza de la Tarántula		Reptilia (E)				14	60-63			
Journal Article	Batista Carissimi-Priori, Luis	1998	The feathered serpent		Reptilia (GB)				2	62-65			
Journal Article	Bauer, Aaron M.;Das, Indraneil	1998	New species of Cnemaspis (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) from southeastern Thailand		Copeia			1998	2	439-444		abauer@king-kong.vill.edu	
Journal Article	Bauer, Aaron	1998	Book review: Herpetology		Herpetological Review			29	2	121-123		abauer@king-kong.vill.edu	
Journal Article	Bauer, Aaron M.	1998	Book review: Geckos der Welt: alle Gattungen [Geckos of the World: All Genera]		Herpetological Review			29	3	191-192		abauer@king_kong.vill.edu	
Journal Article	Bauer, Aaron M.	1998	Book review: Genitalstrukturen und Paarungsbiologie bei squamaten Reptilien, speziell den Platynota, mit Bemerkungen zur Systematik		Herpetological Review			29	4	255		abauer@king-kong.vill.edu	
Journal Article	Bauer, Aaron M.	1998	South Asian Herpetological specimens of historical note in the Zoological Museum, Berlin		Hamadryad			23	2	133-149		abauer@king-kong.csc.vill.edu	
Journal Article	Bauer, Aaron M.	1998	Morphology of the adhesive tail tips of carphodactyline geckos (Reptilia: Diplodactylidae)		Journal of Morphology			235		41-58	Naultinus, Hoplodactylus, Bavayia, Eurydactylodes, Rhacodactylus, Pseudothecadactylus		
Journal Article	Bauer, Aaron M.;Larsen, Eric	1998	Aquatic insects and vertebrates from a permanent freshwater spring in the dry Uniab Riverbed (Namibia: Khorixas District)		Namibia Scientific Society			46		125-130	Odonata, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, Amphibia, Reptilia,		
Book	Baur, Bertrand;Montanucci, Richard R.	1998	Krötenechsen: Lebenweise, Pflege, Zucht			Offenbach	Herpeton			160 p.	Phrynosoma		
Journal Article	Báez, Ana María;Pugener, Lourdes Analia	1998	A new Paleocene pipid frog from northwestern Patagonia		Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology			18	3	511-524			
Book Section	Báez, Marcos;Hielen, Brigitte;Rykena, Silke	1998	Tarentola delandii (Duméril & Bibron, 1836) Kanarengecko	Böhme, Wolfgang and Bischoff, Wolfgang	Handbuch der Reptilien und Amphibien Europas. Band 6. Die Reptilien der Kanarischen Inseln, der Selvagens-Inseln und des Madeira-Archipels	Wiesbaden	AULA-Verlag			161-175			
Journal Article	Beane, Jeffrey C.;Thorp, Thomas J.;Jackan, Dale	1998	Heterodon simus (Southern Hognose Snake). Diet		Herpetological Review			29	1	44-45		North Carolina State Mus. of Nat. Sci., Box 29555, Raleigh, NC 27626-0555, USA	
Journal Article	Beane, Jeffrey C.	1998	New distributional records for reptiles from North Carolina		Herpetological Review			29	1	56-58		jeff_beane@mail.ehnr.state.nc.us	
Journal Article	Beard, Karen H.;Baillie, Jonathon	1998	Rana catesbeiana (Bullfrog). Diet		Herpetological Review			29	1	40		Yale School of Forestry & Environ. Stud., 205 Prospect St., New Haven, CT 06511, USA	
Journal Article	Beard, K. H.;Baille., J.	1998	Rana catesbeiana (bullfrog). Diet.		Herpetological Review			29		40			
Journal Article	Beauchamp, Beate;Wone, Bernard;Bros, Shannon;Kutilek, Michael	1998	habitat use of the flat-tailed horned lizard (Phrynosoma mcallii) in a disturbed environment		Journal of Herpetology			32	2	210-216		Eco Analysis, 401 N. Fernwood Circle, Sunnyvalem, CA 94086-3061	
Journal Article	Beaupre, Steven J.;Duvall, David;O'Leile, Jack	1998	Ontogenetic variation in growth and sexual size dimorphism in a central Arizona population of the Western Diamondback Rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox)		Copeia			1998	1	40-47		sbeaupre@comp.uark.edu	
Journal Article	Beaupre, Steven J.	1998	Book review: The Garter Snakes, Evolution and Ecology		Copeia			1998	1	252-254		sbeaupre@comp.uark.edu	
Journal Article	Beaupre, Steven J.;Duvall, David	1998	Integrative biology of rattlesnakes		BioScience			48	7	531-538			
Journal Article	Beaupre, S. J.;Duvall, D.	1998	Variation in oxygen consumption of the western diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox): implications for sexual size dimorphism		Journal of Comparative Physiology B - Biochemical Systemic and Environmental Physiology			168	7	497-506	Reptilia, serpentes, pysiology, metabolism, gender, bioenergetics, sexual selection	Variation in metabolism affects energy budgets of individuals and may serve as a mechanism that influences variation at whole organism or population levels. For example, sex differences in metabolic expenditure may contribute to bioenergetic sources of sexual size dimorphism. We measured oxygen consumption rates of 48 western diamondback rattlesnakes (Crotalus atrox) from a sexually dimorphic population and tested the effects of body mass, body temperature and time of day, in three groups of snakes: males, non-reproductive females, and vitellogenic females. Metabolic rates of male and non-reproductive female C. atrox were similar to rates reported for other rattlesnakes (mass exponents ranging from 0.645-0.670), Oxygen consumption was affected by body mass, body temperature and time of day, and was approximately 1.4 times greater in vitellogenic females than in non-reproductive females. No differences were found between males and non-reproductive females. Accordingly, differences in metabolic rate apparently do not contribute directly to sexual dimorphism in this population. Nevertheless, estimates of size-dependent maintenance expenditure lead us to hypothesize that adult female body size may represent a compromise between selection for increased litter size (accomplished by increasing body size), and selection for increased reproductive frequency (accomplished by decreasing body size, and, therefore inactive maintenance expenditure); this is a mechanistic scenario suggested previously for some endotherms. SJ Beaupre, Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol Sci, 629 Sci Engn Bldg, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA	
Journal Article	Beck, Christopher W.	1998	Mode of fertilization and parental care in Anurans		Animal Behaviour			55		439-449			
Journal Article	Beck, C. W. 	1998	Mode of fertilization and parental care in anurans		Animal Behaviour			55		439-449			
Journal Article	Bedford, Gavin S.;Christian, Keith A.	1998	Changes in tail color after autotomy in the gekkonid lizard Oedura marmorata, from Australia		Dactylus			3	3	127-130		School of Biological Sciences, Northern Territory University, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia	
Journal Article	Beebee, Trevor	1998	Conservation activities of the British Herpetological Society		British Herpetological Society Bulletin				65	45-48			
Journal Article	Beisser, Christian Josef;Weisgram, Josef;Hilgers, Helge;Splechtna, Heinz	1998	Fine structure of the dorsal lingual epithelium of Trachemys scripta elegans (Chelonia: Emydidae)		Anatomical Record			250		127-135			
Book	Beletsky, Les	1998	Costa Rica: The Ecotraveller's Wildlife Guide			San Diego	Academic Press			xii, 426 p.			
Journal Article	Bels, V.L.;Davenport, J.;Renous, S.	1998	Food ingestion in teh estuarine turtle Malaclemys terrapin: comparison with the marine turtle Dermochelys coriacea		J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K.			78		953-972	leatherback; feeding		
Journal Article	Bender, Brigitte	1998	Auswirkungen fehlerhaften Aufbaus eines Amphibienschutzzaunes auf den Schutz der Schwanzlurche		Elaphe			6	3	57-60		Fontanestr. 15, D-33719 Bielefeld, Germany	
Journal Article	Bennett, R.A.;Schumacher, J.;Hedjaziharing, K.;Newell, S.M.	1998	Cardiopulmonary and anesthetic effects of propofol administered intraosseously to green iguanas		Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association			212	1	93	Reptilia, sauria, green iguana, anesthesia, heart, lung, cardiopulmonary function, propofol, intraosseus	Objective-To determine cardiopulmonary effects of intraosseous administration of propofol in green iguanas (Iguana iguana). Design-Prospective study. Animals-14 green iguanas. Procedure-Anesthesia was induced in 4 iguanas with propofol (10 mg, kg [4.5 mg, lb] of body weight, intraosseously). Heart and respiratory rates, functional hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO(2)), end-tidal CO2 concentration, and cloacal temperature were recorded, Ten additional iguanas were given propofol intraosseously for induction (5 mg, kg [2.3 mg, lb]) and maintenance (0.5 mg, kg, min [0.23 mg, lb, min], q 30 min) of anesthesia. Heart and respiratory rates, cloacal temperature, and SpO(2) were recorded. Results-Mean induction time for the first 4 iguanas was 1.2 minutes. A significant decrease in heart rate was seen 1 minute after induction of anesthesia. All iguanas were apneic, but spontaneous ventilation resumed within 5 minutes. End-tidal CO2 concentration decreased from 46 mm of Hg 4 minutes after induction of anesthesia to 32 mm of Hg 30 minutes after induction of anesthesia. Mean duration of anesthesia was 27 minutes. Mean induction time for the other 10 iguanas was 3 minutes. A significant decrease in heart rate was detected 35 minutes after induction of anesthesia and persisted until 120 minutes. Mean SpO(2) value decreased from 79% 5 minutes after induction of anesthesia to 64% 30 minutes after induction of anesthesia. Mean recovery time was 57 minutes. Clinical Implications-Propofol is an effective anesthetic agent for use in green iguanas. It is recommended that iguanas be intubated, provided oxygen, and given assisted ventilation after administration of propofol to prevent hypoxemia and hypercapnia. RA Bennett, Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA	
Journal Article	Bennett, Daniel	1998	Varanus exanthematicus (Bosc's Monitor). Predation		Herpetological Review			29	4	240-241			
Journal Article	Bennett, R.A.	1998	Management of common reptile emergencies.		ARAV 5th Ann. Conf. Sept 26-29			5		67-72	Reptilia, sauria, serpentes, testudines, pathology, emergencies.		
Journal Article	Bennett, R.A.	1998	Clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic techniques.		ARAV 5th Ann. Conf. Sept 26-29			5		35-40	Reptilia, sauria, serpentes, tustudines, disease, survey, pathology, clinics		
Journal Article	Bennett, R.A.;Schumacher, J.;Newell, S.M.	1998	Cardiopulmonary and anesthetic effects of propofol for induction and maintenance of anesthesia in green iguanas, Iguana iguana.		ARAV 5th Ann. Conf. Sept 26-29.					13-15	Reptilia, sauria, iguana, anesthesia, propofol, technique, intraosseous	The cardiopulmonary effects and usefulness of intraosseous propofol as an anesthetic in green iguanas, following a sigle bolus of 5 mg/kg propofol using a 22 ga x 2.5 spinal needle in the proximal tibia was studied.	
Journal Article	Bennett, R. A.	1998	Pain and analgesia in reptiles and amphibians.		ARAV 5th Ann. Conf. Sept 26-29					1-5	Reptilia, sauria, serpentes, testudines, amphibia, narcosis, analgesia	Pain and pain perception are difficult to evaluate in animals. Reptiles and amphibians have the appropriate anatomy and physiologic structures for nociception. Alleviation of pain and suffering is a major goal of veterinarians. Little is known about how to ameliorate pain in this group of animals. This session will focus on pain perception and what is currently known about pain relief in reptiles and amphibians.	
Journal Article	Benson, Paul A.	1998	How many clumps of frog spawn are laid annually at Anlaby Common?		British Herpetological Society Bulletin				65	23-25		14, St. Sicholas Gate, Hedon, East Yorkshire HU12 8HS, Great Britain	
Journal Article	Bergadá, José	1998	Reproducción en colúbridos del género Pituophis		Reptilia (E)				14	43-47			
Journal Article	Berger, Lee;Speare, Rick;Daszak, Peter;Green, D. Earl;Cunningham, Andrew A.;Goggin, C. Loise;Slocombe, Ron;Ragan, Mark A.;Hyatt, Alex D.;MacDonald, Keith R.;Hines, Harry B.;Lips, Karen R.;Marantelli, Gerry;Parkes, Helen T.	1998	Chytridiomycosis causes amphibian mortality associated with population declines in the rain forests of Australia and Central America		Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA			95		9031-9036			
Journal Article	Berger, L.;R. Speare, P. Daszak, D. Green, A. Cunningham, L. Goggin, R. Slocombe, M. Ragan, A. Hyatt, K. McDonald, H. Hines, K. Lips, G. Marantelli;Parkes., H.	1998	Chytridiomycosis causes amphibian mortality associated with population declines in the rain forests of Australia and Central America		Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA			95		9031-9036			
Journal Article	Bergeron, J.M.;Gahr, M.;Horan, K.;Wibbels, T.;Crews, D.	1998	Cloning and in situ hybridization analysis of estrogen receptor in the developing gonad of the red-eared slider turtle with temperature-dependent sex determination		Development Growth and Differentiation			40		243-254	tsd; aromatase		
Journal Article	Berglind, Sven-Åke	1998	Salamandersläktet Paramesotriton i natur och akvarium		Snoken			28	1	11-18		Uppsala universitet, Genetiska inst., Programmet i naturvårdsbiologi, Box 7003, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden	
Journal Article	Bergman, Enoch;Hill, Ben;Montgomery, Chad;Childers, Theresa;Manzer, Jerry D.;Sifert, James;Mackessy, Stephen P.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Phrynosoma douglasii		Herpetological Review			29	2	111			
Journal Article	Bergman, Enoch;Montgomery, Chad;Childers, Theresa;Manzer, Jerry D.;Sifert, James;Hill, Ben;Mackessy, Stephen P.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Lampropeltis getula		Herpetological Review			29	2	113			
Journal Article	Bergman, Enoch;Montgomery, Chad;Childers, Theresa;Manzer, Jerry D.;Sifert, James;Hill, Ben;Mackessy, Stephen P.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Lampropeltis triangulum gentilis		Herpetological Review			29	2	114			
Journal Article	Bergman, Enoch;Manzer, Jerry D.;Childers, Theresa;Mackessy, Stephen P.	1998	Geographic distribution. Kinosternon flavescens flavescens		Herpetological Review			29	4	247			
Journal Article	Bergman, Enoch;Bergman, Menan;Childers, Theresa;Manzer, Jerry;Mackessy, Stephen P.	1998	Geographic distribution. Arizona elegans elegans		Herpetological Review			29	4	248-249			
Journal Article	Bernarde, Paulo Sérgio	1998	Geographic distribution. Hyla punctata		Herpetological Review			29	4	246			
Journal Article	Berninghausen, Friedo	1998	Fressen Kaulquappen europäischer Froschlurche Anurenlaich?		Salamandra			34	3	255-268		Nößlerstraße 3, D-28359 Bremen, Germany	
Book	Berra, Tim M.	1998	A Natural History of Australia			San Diego	Academic Press			x, 304 p.			
Journal Article	Berschauer, R.L.;Mader, D.R.	1998	Hepatic abscesses due to Corynebacterium sp. in desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii		Bulletin of the Association of reptilian and amphibian veterinarians			8	1	13-15	Reptilia, Testudines, desert tortoise, Gopherus agassiziiI, infection, bacteria, Corynebacterium sp., liver, abscess		
Journal Article	Berschauer, Robert L.;Mader, Douglas R.	1998	Hepatic abscess due to Corynebacterium sp. in desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii		Bulletin of the Association of Reptilian Amphibian Veterinarians			8	1	13-15			
Journal Article	Beyerlein, Petra	1998	Studies on the significance of microdermatoglyphics in viperid systematics. I. The microdermatoglyphics of desert vipers (Squamata: Serpentes: Viperidae)		Herpetozoa			11	1/2	79-86		Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Chemosystematische Untersuchungsstelle, Burgring 7, A-1014 Wien, Austria	
Journal Article	Bezerra, Alexandra Maria Ramos	1998	Physalaemus nattereri (NCN). Predation		Herpetological Review			29	2	98		Universidad do Rio de Janeiro, Dept. de Vertebrados, Setor de Mastozoologia, Quinta da Boa Vista, s/n°, São Cristóvão, Río de Janeiro 20940-040, RI, Brazil	
Journal Article	Bille, Thomas	1998	Bolitoglossa hartwegi, en lungeløs salamander fra Mexico og Guatemala, med en notits om B. veracrucis-gruppen		Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening			41	4	87-91		Bellmansgade 40, 2100 København Ø, Denmark	
Journal Article	Bille, Thomas	1998	Book review: The Garter Snakes. Evolution and Ecology		Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening			41	4	92-93		Bellmansgade 40, 2100 København Ø, Denmark	
Journal Article	Bille, Thomas	1998	En introduktion til Méxicos herpetofauna - 1. del. Geografi, klima og vegetation		Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening			41	5	106-113		Bellmansgade 40, 2100 København Ø, Denmark	
Journal Article	Bille, Thomas;Bringsøe, Henrik	1998	Zu Brutpflege und Wachstum bei Bolitoglossa mexicana (Caudata: Plethodontidae)		Salamandra			34	3	219-222		Dept. of Population Biology, Zoological Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark	
Journal Article	Bille, Thomas	1998	Eggs and hatchlings of the Mexican salamander Pseudoeurycea cephalica (Caudata: Plethodontidae)		Revista de Biologia Tropical			46	2	447-452			
Journal Article	Binckley, Christopher A.;Spotila, James R.;Wilson, Katheryne S.;Paladino, Frank V.	1998	Sex determination and sex ratios of Pacific Leatherback Turtles, Dermochelys coriacea		Copeia			1998	2	291-300		spotila@coasmail.drexel.edu	
Journal Article	Birkhahn, Holger;Wassmann, Klaus	1998	Mantenimiento y cría de Agalychnis callidryas en el terrario		Reptilia (E)				14	22-25			
Journal Article	Biserkov, V.;Kostadinova, A.	1998	Intestinal helminth communities in the green lizard, Lacerta viridis, from Bulgaria		Journal of Helminthology			72	3	267-271	Reptilia, sauria, green lizard, Lacerta viridis, infection, helminth, intestine	A data set comprising individual host/parasite lists from 100 Lacerta viridis (Reptilia: Lacertidae) belonging to four isolated populations in Bulgaria was studied. A total of seven helminth species was recovered (Leptophallus nigrovenosus, Plagiorchis molini, Oswaldocruzia filiformis, Spauligodon extenuatus, Skrjabinelazia hoffmanni, Physaloptera clausa and Mesocestoides sp.). Lacerta viridis is a new host record for the first five of these species. Communities of intestinal helminths of L. viridis consist of a few species which resulted in a low species richness, abundance and diversity of infracommunities, which exhibit substantial homogeneity among the four samples. A similar pattern of dominance of two nematode species leading to a relatively high community similarity at both infra- and component community levels was observed. While intestinal helminth communities in lizards from 'marginal' habitats were dominated by the host generalist, O. filiformis, those in hosts from 'typical' habitats were dominated by the lizard specialist S. extenuatus. The results indicate that the characteristics of the host's habitat are important in determining the composition rather than structure of intestinal helminth communities in L. viridis. V Biserkov, Bulgarian Acad Sci, Cent Lab Gen Ecol, Dept Biodivers, 2 Gagarin St, BU-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria	
Journal Article	Bittner, Tonya D.;Bittner, R. Todd	1998	Geographic distribution. Hemidactylium scutatum		Herpetological Review			29	3	171			
Journal Article	Bjorndal, Karen A.;Bolten, Alan B.;Bennett, R. Avery;Jacobson, Elliott R.;Wronski, Thomas J.;Valeski, Jennifer J.;Eliazar, Petter J.	1998	Age and growth in sea turtles: Limitations of skeletochronology for demographic studies		Copeia			1998	1	23-30		kab@zoo.ufl.edu	
Journal Article	Blaabjerg, Tommy Martin	1998	Opdrætsresultater: Stor daggekko, Phelsuma madagascariensis madagascariensis		Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening			41	3	65-66		Hastrupholmvej 11, Asferg, 8990 Färup, Denmark	
Journal Article	Blackburn, Daniel G.	1998	Resorption of oviductal eggs and embryos in squamate reptiles		Herpetological Journal			8	2	65-71		Dept. of Biology, Trinity College, Hartford, CT 06106, USA	
Journal Article	Blackburn, Daniel G.;Bernardo, Vincent A.	1998	Sexual dimorphism and testosterone responsiveness in hypaxial muscles of the northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens		Amphibia-Reptilia			19	3	269-279		daniel.blackburn@trincoll.edu	
Journal Article	Blackwell, Kenneth	1998	Mammalian predator of Natrix		British Herpetological Society Bulletin				65	48			
Journal Article	Blair, D.	1998	Praziquantel in turtles - Reply		Australian Veterinary Journal			76	2	107	Reptilia, testudines, turtle, infection, helminth, therapy, praziquantel	D Blair, James Cook Univ N Queensland, Dept Zool & Trop Ecol, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia	
Journal Article	Blair, W.F.	1998	Mating call and stage of speciation of anuran amphibians		The American Naturalist			92		27-51	reproduction, amphibians		
Journal Article	Blamires, Sean J.	1998	Circumduction and head bobbing in the agamid lizard Lophognathus temporalis		Herpetofauna			28	1	51-52		c/o Dept. of Biology, Northern territory University, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia	
Journal Article	Blanco-Moreno, Rafael;Campos-Sánchez, Juan;Montes-Perálvarez, Pilar	1998	Presencia de Pelobates cultripes en el macizo de la Sierra de Cabra (Parque Natural de las Sierras Subbéticas)		Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Española				9	13-14			
Journal Article	Blatchford, David	1998	Book review: The Reptile and Amphibian Problem Solver		Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society			33	1	10			
Journal Article	Blatchford, David	1998	Book review: Captive Husbandry and Propagation of the Boa Constrictors and Related Boas		British Herpetological Society Bulletin				62	33-34			
Journal Article	Blihovde, William B.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Ambystoma tigrinum tigrinum		Herpetological Review			29	2	105			
Journal Article	Blob, Richard W.	1998	Evaluation of vent position from lizard skeletons for estimation of snout-vent length and body mass		Copeia			1998	3	792-801		rblob@midway.uchicago.edu	
Journal Article	Block, William M.;Morrison, Michael L.	1998	Habitat relationships of amphibians and reptiles in California Oak Woodlands		Journal of Herpetology			32	1	51-60		USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 2500 S. Pine Knoll Dr., Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA	
Journal Article	Blosat, Birgit	1998	Morphometrische und ökologische Feldstudien an Reptilien im Bergischen Land (Nordrhein-Westfalen). II. Ringelnatter, Natrix natrix natrix, Linnaeus 1758) und Natrix natrix helvetica (Lacépède, 1789)		Salamandra			34	1	55-68		Subbelrather Straße 152, D-50823 Köln, Germany	
Journal Article	Boarman, William I.;Goodlett, Tracy;Goodlett, Glenn;Hamilton, Paul	1998	Review of radio transmitter attachment techniques for turtle research and recommendations for improvement		Herpetological Review			29	1	26-33		william_boarman@usgs.gov	
Journal Article	Boarman, W. I.;Goodlett, T.;Goodlett, D.;Hamilton, P.	1998	Review of radio transmitter attachment techniques for turtle research and recommendations		Herpetological Review			29	1	26-33	technique		
Journal Article	Boeadi;Shine, R.;Sugardijto, J.;Amir, M.;Sinaga, M. H.	1998	Biology of the commercially-harvested rat snake (Ptyas mucosus) and cobra (Naja sputatrix) in Central Java		Mertensiella			9		99-104		Research and Development Centre for Biology - LIPI, Jl. Ir. H. Juanda No. 18, Bogor 16122, Indonesia	
Journal Article	Bogart, James P.;Murphy, Robert	1998	Herpetology in Southern Ontario		Herpetological Review			29	1	8-10		Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Guelph, Guelph, Ont., N1G 2W1, Canada	
Journal Article	Bolek, Matthew G.	1998	Ambystoma laterale (Blue-spotted Salamander). Courtship and egg laying behavior		Herpetological Review			29	3	162		bolek@csd.uwm.edu	
Journal Article	Bolek, M.G.;Coggins, J.R.	1998	Endoparasites of Cope's gray treefrog, Hyla chrysoscelis, and western chorus frog, Pseudacris t. triseriata, from southeastern Wisconsin		Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington			65	2	212-218	Amphibia, anura, Cope's gray treefrog, Hyla chrysoscelis, western chorus frog, Pseudacris t. triseriata, infection, protozoa, ciliata, Opalina sp., Nyctotherus cordiformis, Polystoma nearcticum, Glypthelmins pennsylvaniensis, helminth, Cestoda, Mesocestoides sp., Cosmocercoides variabilis, Oswaldocruzia pipiens	Sixty-five Cope's gray treefrogs, Hyla chrysoscelis, and 6 western chorus frogs, Pseudacris t. triseriata, were collected from southeastern Wisconsin during April through June 1996 and 1997 and examined for endoparasites. Fifty-one (78%) treefrogs and 5 (83%) chorus frogs were infected with 1 or more endoparasites. Two species of protozoa, 2 species of nematodes, 3 species of larval and adult digeneans, 1 species of monogenean, and 3 species of metacestodes infected the treefrogs. The chorus frogs were infected by 1 species of protozoan, 1 species of nematode, and 2 species of larval and adult digeneans. New host and distribution records for protozoan and metazoan parasites of Wisconsin anurans are reported. MG Bolek, Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, POB 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA	
Journal Article	Bolek, M. G.	1998	Ambystoma laterale (blue-spotted salamander). Courtship and egg laying behavior.		Herpetological Review			29		162			
Journal Article	Bolette, D. P.	1998	Hastospiculum spiralis n. sp. (Nematoda: Diplotriaenoidea: Dicheilonematinae), from an Indonesian mangrove monitor, Varanus indicus (Reptilia: Sauria: Varanidae)		J Parasitol			84	2	366-9		While examining an imported Indonesian mangrove monitor, Varanus indicus (Reptilia: Sauria: Varanidae), for helminths, a new species of Hastospiculum was collected and is described as Hastospiculum spiralis n. sp. This species differs from all other members of the genus in caudal papillae number and arrangement, a pair of large cephalic papillae, and a spirally twisted left spicule in males. Additionally, H. spiralis n. sp. differs from certain Hastospiculum species by the right and left spicule lengths, egg shape, and the final host.	
Journal Article	Bolette, D. P.	1998	Foleyella candezei (Onchocercidae: Dirofilariinae) from a Fischer's chameleon, Bradypodion fischeri (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae) with a comment on the synonymy of F. candezei		Journal of Parasitology			84	5	1034-1035	Reptilia, sauria, Chamaeleonidae, Fischer's chameleon, Bradypodion fischeri, infection, helminth, Nematode, Foleyella candezei	The onchocercid nematode Foleyella candezei was collected from an imported Fisher's chameleon, Bradypodion fischeri, during necropsy. This represents a new host record for this helminth, as well as being only the third nematode species to be collected from B. fischeri. The synonymy of F. candezei and Foleyella agamae is reviewed, and the inappropriate use of the junior synonym in recent literature is noted. DP Bolette, Univ Pittsburgh, Lab Anim Resources, S1040 Biomed Sci Tower, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA	
Journal Article	Bolten, A.B.;Bjorndal, K.A.;Martins, H.R.;Dellinger, T.;Biscoito, M.J.;Encalada, S.E.;Bowen, B.W.	1998	Transatlantic developmental migrations of loggerhead sea turtles demonstrated by mtDNA sequence analysis		Ecological Applications			8	1	1-7	loggerhead		
Journal Article	Bonny, Klaus	1998	Elaphe scalaris (Schinz, 1822) - Haltung und Vermehrung der Treppennatter im Terrarium		Elaphe			6	4	13-16		Kirburger Weg 81, D-50767 Köln, Germany	
Journal Article	Booman, John;Tenlén, Rikhard	1998	Suku Ctenosaura muodostuu ryhmästä keskikokoisia ja kookkaita liskoja, joiden häntää kiertää piikkisoumujen rengas		Herpetomania			7	3/4	5-14			
Journal Article	Boonman, J.	1998	Euthanasia in reptiles and amphibians		Lacerta			56	4		euthanasia, reptilia		
Generic	Boonman, J.	1998	Euthanasia in reptiles and amphibians	56	4			
Journal Article	Booth, D. T.	1998	Incubation of turtle eggs at different temperatures: do embryos compensate for temperature during development?		Physiological Zoology			71	1	23-26	Emydura signata		
Journal Article	Booth, David T.	1998	Egg size, clutch size, and reproductive effort of the Australian broad-shelled river turtle, Chelodina expansa		Journal of Herpetology			32	4	592-596			
Journal Article	Booth, D. T.	1998	Effects of incubation temperature on the energetics of embryonic development and hatchling morphology in the Brisbane river turtle Emydura signata		Journal of Comparative Physiology B			168		399-404			
Journal Article	Booth, David T.	1998	Nest temperature and respiratory gases during natural incubation in the broad-shelled river turtle, Chelodina expansa (Testudinata: Chelidae)		Australian Journal of Zoology			46		183-191			
Journal Article	Booth, D.T.	1998	Effects of incubation temperature on the energetics of embryonic development and hatchling morphology in the Brisbane river turtle, Emys signata		Journal of Comparative Physiology B			168		399-404	temperature; tsd		
Journal Article	Borg, Maria	1998	Växter i terrarium och akvarium		Snoken			28	2	21-26		Fr. Bremersgatan 18, 754 42 Uppsala, Sweden	
Journal Article	Bosch, Jaime;Ayllón, Enrique	1998	Situación actual y primeros resultados del proyecto de catalogación de masas de agua de interés herpetológico "Proyecto Charcas"		Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Española				9	45-48			
Journal Article	Boundy, Jeff;Burbrink, Frank	1998	Snakes of Santa Rosa County, Florida: Inadequate sampling and serendipity		Herpetological Review			29	1	55-56		boundy_jj@wlf.state.la.us	
Journal Article	Boundy, Jeff	1998	Distributional records for Louisiana amphibians		Herpetological Review			29	4	251-252		boundy_jj@wlf.la.state.us	
Journal Article	Bour, Roger;Maran, Jérôme	1998	Taxinomie de Mauremys leprosa (Schweigger, 1812) dans le sud du Maroc: la "Tortue aux yeux bleus" (reptilia, Chelonii, Geoemydidae)		Manouria				2	22-52			bour@mnhn.fr
Journal Article	Bour, Roger	1998	Histoire du genre Manouria Gray, 1854, et des espèces actuelles incluses		Manouria				1	25-40			
Journal Article	Bourne, Godfrey R.	1998	Amphisexual parental behavior of a terrestrial breeding frog Eleutherodactylus johnstonei in Guyana		Behavioral Ecology			9	1	1-7			
Journal Article	Bourquin, O;Hitchins, P. M.	1998	Annotated checklist of the reptiles on Cousine Island, Seychelles		African Herp News				28	8-15		P.O. Box 1083, Hilton 3245, South Africa	
Journal Article	Bouyer, P.;Paulais, M.;Cougnon, M.;Hulin, P.;Anagnostopoulos, T.;Planelles, G.	1998	Extracellular ATP raises cytosolic calcium and activates basolateral chloride conductance in Necturus proximal tubule		J Physiol (Lond)			510	Pt 1	535-48		1. Extracellular nucleotides modulate ionic transport mechanisms in various epithelia. In the present study, we investigated the effects of extracellular ATP on the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and electrophysiological properties of Necturus maculosus proximal convoluted tubule (PCT). 2. ATP raised [Ca2+]i in microdissected fura-2-loaded PCTs (half-maximal effect, ~15 #mol l-1 ATP). The initial ATP-induced changes in [Ca2+]i were not blunted by the removal of external Ca2+ nor by the presence of Ca2+ channel blockers, but were abolished by thapsigargin and suramin. The sequence for the potency of various agonists on [Ca2+]i was 2-methylthioATP (2MeSATP) = ADP = ATP >> UTP, 2',3'-O-(4-benzoilbenzoil) ATP (BzATP), alpha,beta-methylene ATP (AMPCPP), adenosine. 3. In vivo electrophysiological measurements showed that 100 #mol l-1 peritubular ATP added to a Ringer solution reduced the basolateral cell membrane potential (Vm) and increased the cell membrane input conductance. In a low Cl- solution, this ATP-induced depolarization was enhanced. These effects were inhibited by 1 mmol l-1SITS, consistent with the activation of a basolateral Cl- conductance. 4. The ATP-induced change in Vm was reproduced by ADP but not by UTP or adenosine, and was prevented by suramin. 5. The ATP-induced membrane depolarization was not influenced by thapsigargin, BAPTA AM, or staurosporin and was not reproduced by manoeuvres increasing [Ca2+]i or intracellular cAMP content. 6. We conclude that, in Necturus PCT, a P2y receptor mobilizes Ca2+ mainly from intracellular pools and increases a basolateral Cl- conductance, GCl. The activation of GCl occurs by a mechanism which is not related either to an increase in [Ca2+]i or cAMP content, or to PKC activation.	
Journal Article	Bouyer, P.;Paulais, M.;Cougnon, M.;Hulin, P.;Anagnostopoulos, T.;Planelles, G.	1998	Extracellular ATP raises cytosolic calcium and activates basolateral chloride conductance in Necturus proximal tubule [In Process Citation]		J Physiol (Lond)			510	Pt 2	535-48		1. Extracellular nucleotides modulate ionic transport mechanisms in various epithelia. In the present study, we investigated the effects of extracellular ATP on the intracellular free Ca+2 concentration ([Ca2+]i) and electrophysiological properties of Necturus maculosus proximal convoluted tubule (PCT). 2. ATP raised [Ca2+]i in microdissected fura-2-loaded PCTs (half-maximal effect, approximately mumol 1(-1) ATP). The initial ATP-induced changes in [Ca2+]i were not blunted by the removal of external Ca2+ nor by the presence of Ca2+ channel blockers, but were abolished by thapsigargin and suramin. The sequence for the potency of various agonists on [Ca2+]i was 2- methylthioATP (2MeSATP) = ADP = ATP >> UTP, 2',3',-O-(4-benzoilbenzoil) ATP (BzATP), alpha, beta-methylene ATP (AMPCPP), adenosine. 3. In vivo electrophysiological measurements showed that 100 mumol 1(-1) peritubular ATP added to a Ringer solution reduced the basolateral cell membrane potential (Vm) and increased the cell membrane input conductance. In a low Cl- solution, this ATP-induced depolarization was enhanced. These effects were inhibited by 1 mmol l-1 SITS, consistent with the activation of a basolateral Cl- conductance. 4. The ATP- induced change in Vm was reproduced by ADP but not by UTP or adenosine, and was prevented by suramin. 5. The ATP-induced membrane depolarization was not influenced by thapsigargin, BAPTA AM, or staurosporin and was not reproduced by manoeuvres increasing [Ca2+]i or intracellular cAMP content. 6. We conclude that, in Necturus PCT, a P2y receptor mobilizes Ca2+ mainly from intracellular pools and increases a basolaterial Cl- conductance, GCl. The activation of GCl occurs by a mechanism which is not related either to an increase in [Ca2+]i or cAMP content, or to PKC activation.	
Journal Article	Bowen, B. W.;Clark, A.M.;Abreu-Grobois, F.A.;Chaves, A.;Reichart, H. A.;Ferl, R.J.	1998	Global phylogeography of the ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys spp.) as inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences		Genetica			101		179-189	ridley; DNA		
Book Section	Bowers, Dorothy G.;Andersen, David E.;Euliss, Ned H., Jr.	1998	Anurans as indicators of wetland condition in the prairie pothole region of North Dakota: an environmental monitoring and assessment program pilot project	Lannoo, M. J.	Status & Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians	Iowa City	University of Iowa Press			369-378			
Journal Article	Boyer, Donal M.;Roberts, David T.	1998 (1999)	The predatory strike of the temple viper Tropidolaemus wagleri		The Snake			28	1-2	79-82		Dallas Zoo, Department of Herpetology, 621 E. Clarendon Drive, Dallas, TX 75203-2996, USA	
Journal Article	Bozhansky, Anatoly T.;Orlova, Valentina F.	1998	Conservation status of the European pond turtle, Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus, 1758), in European Russia		Mertensiella			10		41-46		Zoological Museum of the Moscow Lomonosov State University, Herzen Street 6, Moscow 103009, Russia	
Journal Article	Böhme, Wolfgang	1998	In memoriam Prof. Dr. h. c. Wolf Herre (1909-1997) - eine Zoologe mit bedeutendem amphibienkundlichen Werkanteil		Salamandra			34	1	1-6		Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut un Museum A. Koenig, Adenaueralle 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany	
Journal Article	Böhme, Wolfgang	1998	Buchbesprechungen: Biogeography of the Reptiles of South Asia		Salamandra			34	1	96		Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut un Museum A. Koenig, Adenaueralle 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany	
Journal Article	Böhme, Wolfgang	1998	Buchbesprechungen: Coral Snakes of the Americas: Biology, Identification, and Venoms		Salamandra			34	2	191-192			
Journal Article	Böhme, Wolfgang;Bonetti, Andrea;Chiras, Georgios	1998	The chameleons of the Greek mainland: taxonomic allocation and conservation needs of a second European species (Squamata: Sauria: Chamaeleonidae)		Herpetozoa			11	1/2	87-91		Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Adenaueralle 160, D-53113 Bonn, Germany	
Journal Article	Böhme, Wolfgang	1998	Buchbesprechungen: The Snakes of Sumatra. An Annotated Checklist and Key with Natural History Notes		Salamandra			34	3	283-284			
Journal Article	Böhme, Wolfgang	1998	Buchbesprechungen: Tales of Giant Snakes: A historical natural history of anacondas and pythons		Salamandra			34	4	382-383		Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Adenaueralle 160, D-53113 Bonn, Germany	
Journal Article	Böhme, Wolfgang	1998	Buchbesprechungen: The ecology of a symbiotic community. Vol. 1. Population biologyt of the Japanese Lizard Takydromus tachydromoides (Schlegel) (Lacertidae), Vol. 2. The component symbiote community of the Japanese lizard Takydromus tachydromoides (Schlegel) (Lacertidae)		Salamandra			34	4	381-382		Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Adenaueralle 160, D-53113 Bonn, Germany	
Journal Article	Böhme, Wolfgang	1998	In memoriam Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Wolf Herre (1909-1997) - ein Zoologe mit bedeutendem amphibienkundlichen Werkanteil		Salamandra			34	1	1-6			
Journal Article	Böll, S.;Linsenmair, K. E.	1998	Size-dependent male reproductive success and size-assortative mating in the midwife toad Alytes obstetricans		Amphibia-Reptilia			19	1	75-89		Theodor-Boveri-Institut, Lehrstuhl Zoologie III, Biozentrum, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany	
Journal Article	Brach, Vince	1998	The jewel of the reeds		Reptiles			6	3	10-13	Hyla cinerea		
Journal Article	Brachtel, Norbert	1998	Rhynchophis boulengeri Mocquard		Sauria			20	1	2		Am Molkenborn 3, D-55122 Mainz, Germany	
Journal Article	Bradley, T.;Angulo, F. J.;Raiti, P.	1998	Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians guidelines for reducing risk of transmission of Salmonella spp from reptiles to humans		J Am Vet Med Assoc			213	1	51-2			
Journal Article	Bradley, T. A.;Norton, T.M.;Latimer, K. S.	1998	Hemogram Values, Morphological Characteristics of Blood Cells and Morphometric Study of Loggerhead Sea Turtles, Caretta caretta, in the First Year of Life		BULLETIN of the ASSOCIATION OF REPTlLIAN AND AMPHIBIAN VETERINARIANS			8	3	8-16	Reptilia, testudines, Caretta, caretta, blood, morphometry		
Journal Article	Bradley, T.;Pinson, D.M.	1998	The use of through and through coelomic drains for a refractory case of peritonitis in a green iguana, Iguana iguana.		ARAV 5th Ann. Conf. Sept 26-29					151-156	Reptilia, sauria, green iguana, Iguana iguana, pathology, peritonitis, therapy, drain		
Journal Article	Bradley, Teresa;Angulo, Fredrick J.	1998	Salmonella and reptiles: veterinary guidelines		Bulletin of the Association of Reptilian Amphibian Veterinarians			8	2	14-15			
Journal Article	Bradley, Teresa;Norton, Terry M.;Latimer, Kenneth S.	1998	Hemogram values, morphological characteristics of blood cells and morphometric study of loggerhead sea turtles, Caretta caretta, in the first year of life		Bulletin of the Association of Reptilian Amphibian Veterinarians			8	3	8-16			
Journal Article	Brainerd, E.	1998	Mechanics of lung ventilation in a large aquatic salamander, siren lacertina [In Process Citation]		J Exp Biol			201	Pt 12	673-82		Lung ventilation in Siren lacertina was studied using X-ray video, measurements of body cavity pressure and electromyography of hypaxial muscles. S. lacertina utilizes a two-stroke buccal pump in which mixing of expired and inspired gas is minimized by partial expansion of the buccal cavity during exhalation and then full expansion after exhalation is complete. Mixing is further reduced by the use of one or two accessory inspirations after the first, mixed-gas cycle. Exhalation occurs in two phases: a passive phase in which hydrostatic pressure and possibly lung elasticity force air out of the lungs, and an active phase in which contraction of the transverse abdominis (TA) muscle increases body cavity pressure and forces most of the remaining air out. In electromyograms of the lateral hypaxial musculature, the TA became active 200-400 ms before the rise in body cavity pressure, and activity ceased at peak pressure. The TA was not active during inspiration, and no consistent activity during breathing was noted in the external oblique, internal oblique and rectus abdominis muscles. The finding that the TA is the primary expiratory muscle in S. lacertina agrees with findings in a previous study of another salamander, Necturus maculosus. Together, these results indicate that the use of the TA for exhalation is a primitive character for salamanders and support the hypothesis that the breathing mechanism of salamanders represents an intermediate step in evolution between a buccal pump, in which only head muscles are used for ventilation, and an aspiration pump, in which axial muscles are used for both exhalation and inhalation.	
Journal Article	Brainerd, E. L.	1998	Mechanics of lung ventilation in a larval salamander Ambystoma tigrinum		J Exp Biol			201	Pt 20	2891-2901		The larval stage of the tiger salamander Ambystoma tigrinum is entirely aquatic, but the larvae rely on their lungs for a large proportion of their oxygen uptake. X-ray video and pressure measurements from the buccal and body cavities demonstrate that the larvae inspire using a two-stroke buccal pump and exhale actively by contracting the hypaxial musculature to increase body pressure. Larvae begin a breath by expanding the buccal cavity to draw in air through the mouth, while simultaneously exhaling air from the lungs to mix with the fresh air in the buccal cavity. The mouth then closes, and the buccal cavity compresses to pump a portion of the mixture into the lungs. The remaining air in the buccal cavity is then released as bubbles from the mouth and gill slits. Ventilatory volumes estimated from X-ray video records indicate that approximately 80 % of the air pumped into the lungs is fresh air and 20 % is previously expired air. Exhalation in larval tiger salamanders is active, powered by contraction of all four layers of lateral hypaxial musculature. Electromyography indicates that the transverse abdominis (TA) muscle is active for the longest duration and shows the highest-amplitude activity, but the external oblique superficialis, the external oblique profundus and the internal oblique also show consistent, low-level activity. The finding that the TA muscle is active during exhalation in larval tiger salamanders contributes to a growing body of evidence that the use of the TA for exhalation is a primitive character for tetrapods.	
Journal Article	Brainerd, Elizabeth L.;Monroy, Jenna A.	1998	Mechanics of lung ventilation in a large aquatic salamander, Siren lacertina		Journal of Experimental Biology			201	5	673-682			
Journal Article	Braitmayer, Nicole;Fritz, Uwe;Mayol, Joan;Pieh, Alexander	1998	Die Europäische Sumpfschildkröte (Emys orbicularis) Menorcas		Elaphe			6	4	57-60		Baluschekstraße 6, D-01159 Dresden, Germany	
Journal Article	Branch, W. R.	1998	Naja nivea Cape Cobra. Size		African Herp News				27	17-18		Dept. of Herpetology, Port Elizabeth Museum, P.O. Box 13147, Humewood 6013, South Africa	
Book	Branch, Bill	1998	Field Guide to the Snakes and Other Reptiles of Southern Africa, third Edition			Cape Town	Struik			399			
Journal Article	Branch, W. R.	1998	Fifth HAA Symposium, Stellenbosch 14-16 September 1998		African Herp News				28	4-7		Department of Herpetology, Port Elizabeth Museum, P.O. Box 13147, Humewood 6013, South Africa	
Journal Article	Branch, S.;Hall, L.;Blackshear, P.;Chernoff, N.	1998	Infectious dermatitis in a ball python (Python regius) colony		Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine			29	4	461-464	Reptilia, serpentes, Python regius, ball python, infection, blister disease, physiologic stress, dermatitis	Seven wild-caught ball pythons (Python regius), including six gravid females and one male, were obtained from Africa and were housed in a government animal facility in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Upon arrival, the snakes were found to be infested with ticks (Aponomma latus), which were manually removed. Four weeks following arrival, vesicular skin lesions began to appear on the snakes. Despite treatment of all affected female snakes with amikacin (5 mg,kg i.m., every 3 days) and cefotaxime (25 mg,kg i.m., every 3 days), the condition progressed and five of the female snakes died 7 wk after arrival. The remaining male and one female improved after an increase in environmental temperature, with ecdysis followed by healing. Physiologic stress, ectoparasites, and shipping may have predisposed the snakes to sepsis. S Branch,N Carolina State Univ,Dept Toxicol,   Box 7633,Raleigh,  NC 27695 USA	
Book Section	Brandon, Ronald A.;Ballard, Scott R.	1998	Status of Illinois Chorus Frogs in southern Illinois	Lannoo, M. J.	Status & Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians	Iowa City	University of Iowa Press			102-112			
Journal Article	Brasileiro, Cinthia Aguirre	1998	Physalaemus centralis (NCN). male-male combat		Herpetological Review			29	3	165		Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Museu de História Natural, Instituto de Biologia, Caixa Postal 6109, Unicamp, 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil	
Journal Article	Brattstrom, Bayard H.	1998	The Circular Aesculepian Temple (Tholos) at Epidauros, Greece: An early snake pit?		Herpetological Review			29	2	79-80		Department of Biological Science, California State University, Fullerton, P.O. Box 6850, Fullerton, CA 92634-6850, USA	
Journal Article	Brattstrom, B. H.	1998	The circular  Aesculepian temple (Tholos) at Epidauros, Greece:  An early snake pit?		Herpetological Review			29	2	79-80	snakes, reptiles, behavior		
Journal Article	Brattstrom, Bayard H.	1998	Strategies of predator attacks on the schooling fish, Selar crumenophthalmus, in Academy Bay, Socorro Island, Isla Revillagigedo, Mexico		Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Science			97	2	76-81			
Journal Article	Brazaitis, Peter;Rebêlo, George H.;Yamashita, Carlos	1998	The distribution of Caiman crocodilus crocodilus and Caiman yacare populations in Brazil		Amphibia-Reptilia			19	2	193-201		Central Park Wildlife Center, NYZS The Wildlife Conservation Society, 830 Fifth ave., New York, NY 10021, USA	
Journal Article	Brazaitis, P.;Watanabe, M.E.;Amato, G.	1998	The caiman trade		Scient. Amer.			March		70-76	CCR, CL, CY, utilization, taxonomy,		
Journal Article	Brazaitis, Peter;Watanabe, Myrna E.;Amato, George	1998	The Caiman trade		Scientific American			278	3	70-76			
Journal Article	Bredehoft, Phyllus A.;Smith, Donald D.	1998	Crotaphopeltis hotamboeia (White Lipped Snake). Snakebite		Herpetological Review			29	2	103		Div. of Neonatology, Children's Mercy Hospital, 2401 GIllham Rd., Kansas City, MO 64108, USA	
Book	Bretzinger, S.	1998	Diseases of the eye in Reptiles [Augenerkrankungen bei Reptilien]			München	Universität München			173	Reptilia, sauria, serpentes, testudines, pathology, eye		
Journal Article	Breuckmann, Andreas;Kupfer, Alexander	1998	Zur Umsiedlung einer Kammolch-Population (Triturus cristatus) im nordöstlichen Ruhrgebiet: ein Rückblick nach zehn Jahren [Translocation of a population of great crested newts (Triturus crsitatus) in the northeastern Ruhr area: a review after ten years]		Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie			5		209-218		Friedhofstraße 7, D-45711 Datteln, Germany	
Journal Article	Bringsøe, Henrik	1998	Quo Vadis? Three American CITES proposals for American Reptiles		Herpetological Review			29	2	70-71		Esthersvej 7, DK-4600 Køge, Denmark	
Journal Article	Bringsøe, Henrik	1998	Afrikansk gravefrø, Pyxicephalus adspersus		Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening			41	3	51-59		Esthersvej 7, 4600 Køge, Denmark	
Journal Article	Bringsøe, Henrik	1998	Vestafrikansk tykhalegekko, Hemitheconyx caudicinctus		Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening			41	4	74-80		Esthersvej 7, 4600 Køge, Denmark	
Journal Article	Bringsøe, Henrik	1998	Fra Tyskland - aldersrekord for grøn leguan		Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening			41	5	99		Esthersvej 7, 4600 Køge, Denmark	
Journal Article	Bringsøe, Henrik	1998	Forbud mod at importere rødøret terrapin, Trachemys scripta elegans, til EU		Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening			41	5	114-117		Esthersvej 7, 4600 Køge, Denmark	
Journal Article	Bringsøe, Henrik	1998	Pseudomonas-bakterier hos italiensk stor vandsalamander, Triturus carnifex		Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening			41	5	118-120		Esthersvej 7, 4600 Køge, Denmark	
Journal Article	Bringsøe, Henrik	1998	Reetablering af bakterieflora hos krybdyr		Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening			41	1	7-8		Esthervej 7, 4600 Køge, Denmark	
Journal Article	Bringsøe, Henrik	1998	Skildpaddehold og følelser		Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening			41	6	132-143		nhf@image.dk	
Journal Article	Bringsøe, Henrik;Buskirk, James R.	1998	Distribution of Testudo kleinmanni Lortet, 1883 and Testudo graeca Linnaeus, 1758 in the Negev Desert, southern Israel (Reptilia: Testudines: Testudinidae)		Faunistiche Abhandlungen Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde Dresden			21	4	23-30			
Journal Article	Brites, V. L. C.;Bauab, F. A.	1998 (1999)	Snakebite in Casuarius casuarius (Aves: Casuaridae)		The Snake			28	1-2	105-106		Departamento de Biociências, Universidad Federal de Uberlândia, Caixa Postal 593, CEP 38.400-902, Uberlândia MG, Brazil	
Journal Article	Brito, J. C.;Paulo, O. S.;Crespo, E. G.	1998	Distribution and habitats of Schreiber's green lizard (Lacerta schreiberi) in Portugal		Herpetological Journal			8	4	187-194		Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, P-1700 Lisboa, Portugal	
Journal Article	Brito-Gitirana, L. de;Storch, V.	1998	Der Einfluß von Nahrungsentzug auf die Ultrastructur der Hepatocyten von Hemidactylus frenatus (Lacertilia: Gekkonidae) mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Peroxisomen		Annals of Anatomy			180		193-202			
Journal Article	Britson, Carol A.	1998	Predatory responses of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) to conspicuous and cryptic hatchling turtles: A comparative experiment		Copeia			1998	2	383-390		cbritson@olemiss.edu	
Journal Article	Broadley, Donald G.;Chidavaenzi, Robstein L.;Rasmussen, G. S. A.;Broadley, S.	1998	The herpetology of the Dande Communal Lands, Guruve District, Zimbabwe		African Herp News				27	3-12		Dept. of Herpetology, Natural History Museum of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box 240, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe	
Journal Article	Broadley, Donald G.	1998	A review of the genus Atheris Cope (Serpentes: Viperidae), with the description of a new species from Uganda		Herpetological Journal			8	3	117-135		The Biodiversity Foundation for Africa, P.O. Box F M 730, Famona, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe	
Journal Article	Broadley, Donald G.	1998	A review of the African Elapsoidea semiannulata complex (Serpentes: Elapidae)		African Journal of Herpetology			47	1	13-23		bfa@coldfire.dnet.co.zw	
Journal Article	Broadley, Donald G.;Bauer, Aaron M.	1998 (1999)	A review of the Mabuya quinquetaeniata complex in East Africa (Sauria: Scincidae)		African Journal of Herpetology			47	2	43-58		broadley@telconet.co.za	
Journal Article	Brodie, Edmund D., Jr;Williams, Craig R.;Tyler, Michael J.	1998	Evolution of Aposematic behavior and coloration in the Australian frog genus Uperoleia		Journal of Herpetology			32	1	136-139		Dept. of Biol., Utah State Univ., Logan, UT 84322-5305, USA	
Book Section	Brodman, Robert	1998	Biogrography of Midwestern Amphibians	Lannoo, M. J.	Status & Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians	Iowa City	University of Iowa Press			24-30			
Book Section	Brodman, Robert;Kilmurry, Mary	1998	Status of amphibians in northwestern Indiana	Lannoo, M. J.	Status & Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians	Iowa City	University of Iowa Press			125-136			
Book	Broghammer, Stefan	1998	Albinos: Farb- und Zeichnungsvarianten bei Schlangen und anderen Reptilien			Frankfurt	Edition Chimaira			95			
Journal Article	Brooks, J.E.;Savarie, P.J.;Johnston, J. J.	1998	The oral and dermal toxicity of selected chemicals to brown tree snakes (Boiga irregularis)		Wildlife Research			25	4	427-435	Reptilia, serpentes, brown tree snake, Boiga irregularis, pesticide, intoxication, eradication, ecology	We evaluated the oral and dermal toxicity of 18 chemicals to brown tree snakes (Boiga irregularis). Chemicals that produced mortality when dosed orally were rotenone, propoxur, natural pyrethrins, allethrin, resmethrin, diphacinone, warfarin, and aspirin. The lowest oral doses that gave 100% mortality were: rotenone, 2.5 mg kg(-1); pyrethrins, 40 mg kg(-1); propoxur, 40 mg kg(-1); diphacinone, 80 mg kg(-1); and aspirin, 1280 mg kg(-1). Allethrin, resmethrin, and warfarin produced 80% mortality at 40 mg kg(-1), the highest dose tested. Materials given orally that produced little mortality were permethrin, fenvalerate, and carbaryl; those giving no mortality were phenothrin, tetramethrin, piperonyl butoxide, propylene glycol, and cholecalciferol. Chemicals that produced mortality when applied dermally at doses of 40 mg kg(-1) were rotenone, nicotine, propoxur, natural pyrethrins, allethrin, and resmethrin; those that gave no mortality were permethrin, fenvalerate, phenothrin, tetramethrin, piperonyl butoxide, and diphacinone. Rotenone, at 10 mg kg(-1), and nicotine, at 40 mg kg(-1), were the most toxic dermally, killing all tested snakes. Piperonyl butoxide enhanced the oral toxicity of allethrin and resmethrin and the dermal activity of resmethrin; it did not enhance the activity of natural pyrethrins either orally or dermally. JE Brooks, USDA, Aphis, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 1716 Hlth Pkwy, FT Collins, CO 80524 USA	
Journal Article	Brooks, Joe E.;Savarie, Peter J.;Johnston, John J.;Bruggers, Richard L.	1998 (1999)	Toxicity of pyrethrin/pyrethoid fogger products to brown tree snakes, Boiga irregularis, in cargo containers		The Snake			28	1-2	33-36		USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Animal Damage Control, National Wildlife Reserach Center, Ft. Collins, Co, 80524-2719, USA	
Journal Article	Brooks, Joe E.;Savarie, Peter J.;Bruggers, Richard L.	1998 (1999)	The toxicity of commercial insecticide aerosol formulations to brown tree snakes		The Snake			28	1-2	23-27		USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Animal Damage Control, National Wildlife Reserach Center, Ft. Collins, Co, 80524-2719, USA	
Journal Article	Brown, Walter C.;Alcala, Angel C.;Brown, Rafe M.	1998	Taxonomic status of Cornufer worcesteri Stejneger		Journal of Herpetology			32	1	131-133		Dept. of Herpetology, California Acad. Sci., San Francisco, CA 94118, USA	
Journal Article	Brown, Susan G.;Gomes, Farrah;Miles, Frederick L.	1998	Faeces avoidance behaviour in unisexual and bisexual geckos		Herpetological Journal			8	4	169-172		Social Sciences Division, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720-4091, USA	
Book	Brown, David E.;Reichenbacher, Frank;Franson, Susan E.	1998	A Classification of North American Biotic Communities			Salt Lake City	University of Utah Press			x, 142			
Book Section	Brown, Lauren E.;Cima, John E.	1998	Illinois Chorus Frogs and the San Lake dilemma	Lannoo, M. J.	Status & Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians	Iowa City	University of Iowa Press			301-311			
Journal Article	Brown, R. P.;Pestano, J.	1998	Phylogeography of skinks (Chalcides) in the Canary Islands inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences		Molecular Ecology			7		1183-1191			
Journal Article	Browne-Cooper, Robert	1998	Predation on a ridge-tailed monitor (Varanus acanthurus) by a pygmy python (Antaresia perthensis)		Herpetofauna			28	2	49		24 Wotan Street, Doubleview, WA 6018, Australia	
Journal Article	Bruce, Richard C.	1998	Nesting habits, eggs, and hatchlings of the salamander Nototriton picadoi (Plethodontidae: Bolitoglossini)		Herpetologica			54	1	13-18		Dept. of Biol., Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC 28723, USA	
Journal Article	Brunkow, P. E.;Collins., J. P.	1998	Group size structure affects patterns of aggression in larval salamanders		Behavioral Ecology			8		508-514			
Journal Article	Buchanan, Bryant W.	1998	Low-illumination prey detection by squirrel treefrogs		Journal of Herpetology			32	2	270-274		buck@wc.stephens.edu	
Journal Article	Buckner, Sandra D.;Franz, Richard	1998	Geographic Distribution. Thamnophis sauritus sackenii		Herpetological Review			29	1	55			
Journal Article	Buckner, Sandra D.;Franz, Richard	1998	Geographic Distribution. Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis		Herpetological Review			29	1	55			
Journal Article	Budde, Michael	1998	Native Emys orbicularis in southwest Germany?		Mertensiella			10		289-291		Hauptstraße 135, D-89250 Seden, Germany	
Journal Article	Budó, Joan	1998	Un Ejemplar albino parcial de Triturus marmoratus en el Pirineo Oriental (Serra de l'Abera)		Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Española				9	38-39			
Journal Article	Budzinski, Ralph-M.	1998	Buchbesprechung: Faszinierende Taggeckos (Die Gattung Phelsuma)		Sauria			20	4	51-52		Thüringenstr. 28, D-88400 Biberach, Germany	
Journal Article	Buenviaje, G.N.;Ladds, P.W.;Hirst, R.G.;Summers, P.M.;Millan, J.	1998	Attempted transmission of dermatophilosis in saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus)		Australian Veterinary Journal			76	7	495-496	Reptilia, sauria, crocodylia, saltwater crocodiles, Crocodylus porosus, infection, fungus, dermatophilus	GN Buenviaje, James Cook Univ N Queensland, Australian Inst Trop Vet & Anim Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia	
Journal Article	Buhlmann, Kurt A.;Tuberville, Tracey D.	1998	Use of Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tags for marking small freshwater turtles		Chelonian Conservation and Biology			3	1	102-104		buhlmann@srel.edu	
Journal Article	Buhlmann, Kurt A.;Mitchell, Joseph C.	1998	Ecological notes on the amphibians and reptiles of the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dehlgren Laboratory, King George County, Virginia		Banisteria			9		45-51			
Journal Article	Bujes, Clóvis Souza	1998	Mating behaviour of Teius oculatus (Sauria, Teiidae)		Amphibia-Reptilia			19	2	220-223		Setor de Herpetologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Paulo Gama, 40-Prédio 12105, 90040-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil	
Journal Article	Buongermini-P., Emilio;Waller, Tomas	1998	Geographic Distribution. Hydrops triangularis		Herpetological Review			29	2	113			
Journal Article	Burger, R. Michael	1998	A safe, easy-to-use tool for assist-feeding smal reptiles and amphibians		Herpetological Review			29	4	226		Dept. of Herpetology, San Antonio Zoo, 3903 North St. Mary's Street, San Antonio, Texas 78212, USA	
Journal Article	Burger, J.	1998	Antipredator behavior of hatchling snakes: effects of incubation temperature and simulated predators		Animal Behaviour			1998	56	547-553	predation, behavior, instinct, response		
Journal Article	Burke, V.J.;Rathbun, S.L.;Bodie, J.R.;Gibbons, J.W.	1998	Effects of density on predation rate for turtle nests in a complex landscape		Oikos			83		3-11	survivorship		
Journal Article	Burkett, Doug;Kamees, Larry;Painter, Charles W.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Elaphe emoryi		Herpetological Review			29	2	112			
Journal Article	Burkett, Doug;Painter, Charles W.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Lampropeltis getula splendida		Herpetological Review			29	2	113			
Journal Article	Burkhardt, D. A.;Fahey, P. K.;Sikora, M.	1998	Responses of ganglion cells to contrast steps in the light-adapted retina of the tiger salamander		Vis Neurosci			15	2	219-29	Adaptation, Ocular/*physiology; Ambystoma/*physiology; Animal; Contrast Sensitivity/*physiology; In Vitro; Reaction Time/physiology; Retinal Ganglion Cells/*physiology/*radiation effects; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.	The impulse discharge of single ganglion cells was recorded extracellularly in superfused eyecup preparations of the tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum). Contrast flashes (500 ms) were applied at the center of the receptive field while the retina was light adapted to a background field of 20 cd/m2. The incidence of cell types in a sample of 387 cells was: ON cells (4%), OFF cells (28%), and ON/OFF cells (68%). Quantitative contrast/response measurements were obtained for 83 cells. On the basis of C50, the contrast necessary to evoke a half-maximal response, ON/OFF cells fell into 3 groups: (1) Positive Dominant (26%), (2) Balanced (23%), and (3) Negative Dominant (51%). Positive Dominant cells tended to be relatively contrast insensitive. On the other hand, many Negative Dominant cells showed remarkably low C50 values and very steep contrast/response curves. Contrast gain to negative contrast averaged 8.5 impulses/s/% contrast, some four times greater than that evoked by positive contrast. In most ON/OFF cells, the latency of the first spike evoked by a negative contrast step was much shorter (40-100 ms) than that evoked by a positive contrast step of equal contrast. OFF cells typically showed higher C50 values, larger dynamic ranges, and longer latencies than those of Negative Dominant ON/OFF cells. Thus, different pathways or mechanism apparently mediate the off responses of OFF and ON/OFF cells. In sum, the light-adapted retina of the tiger salamander is strongly biased in favor of negative contrast, as shown by the remarkably high contrast sensitivity and faster response of Negative Dominant cells, the remarkably low incidence of ON cells, and the insensitivity of Positive Dominant cells. Some possible underlying influences of bipolar and amacrine cells are discussed.	
Journal Article	Burkhardt, D. A.;Fahey, P. K.	1998	Contrast enhancement and distributed encoding by bipolar cells in the retina [In Process Citation]		J Neurophysiol			80	3	1070-81		Responses of biplar cells, cone photoreceptors, and horizontal cells were recorded intracellularly in superfused eyecup preparations of the tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum). Contrast flashes of positive and negative polarity were applied at the center of the receptive field while the entire retina was light adapted to a background field of 20 cd/m2. For small contrasts, many bipolar cells showed remarkably high contrast gain: up to 15-20% of the bipolar response was evoked by a contrast step of 1%. There was considerable variation from cell to cell but, on average, no striking differences in contrast gain were found between the depolarizing (Bd) and hyperpolarizing (Bh) bipolar cells. Quantitative comparisons of contrast/response measurements for cone photoreceptors and cone-driven bipolars suggest that the high contrast gain of bipolars is the consequence of a 5-10 x amplification of small signals across the cone-->bipolar synapse. Bipolar cells had a very restricted linear range of response and tended to saturate at stimulus levels that were within the linear range of the cone response. The contrast/response of horizontal cells was similar to that of cones and differed markedly from that of Bh cells. For steps of equal contrast, the latency of the Bh cells was approximately 20 ms shorter than that of the Bd cells regardless of the contrast magnitude. For both bipolar cells and cones, the effect of contrast polarity on latency seems largely due to the absolute value of the light step, delta L. In the large signal domain, properties of the contrast responses of bipolar cells varied appreciably, both within and between the Bd and Bh classes. Cells of either class could be positive- or negative-contrast dominant. These and additional results show that in the light-adapted retina, the bipolar population is functionally diverse and has the potential to provide a rich substrate for distributed encoding of visual images.	
Journal Article	Burkholder, Gary	1998	Hyla chrysoscelis (Gray Treefrog). Hibernacula		Herpetological Review			29	4	231			
Journal Article	Burki, Laurence;Repond, Jean-Claude	1998	Garriguella, Centre de reproduction des tirtues de l'Albera (Espagne)		Manouria				2	8-9			
Journal Article	Burns, Glen;Heatwole, Harold	1998	Home range and habitat use of the Olive sea snake, Aipysaurus laevis, on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia		Journal of Herpetology			32	3	350-358		harold_heatwole@ncsu.edu	
Journal Article	Bursey, C.R.;Goldberg, S.R.	1998	Helminths of the Canadian toad, Bufo hemiophrys (Amphibia: Anura), from Alberta, Canada		Journal of Parasitology			84	3	617-618	Amphibia, Canadian toad, Bufo hemiophrys, infection, helminth	Forty adult Bufo hemiophrys from Alberta, Canada, were examined for helminths. Four species were found: a trematode, Gor goderina simplex, and 3 nematodes, Cosmocercoides variabilis, Oswaldocruzia pipiens, and Rhabdias americanus. Rhabdias americanus had the highest prevalence of helminths (73%); C. variabilis had the highest mean intensity (26 +, - 33 SD). Bufo hemiophrys represents a new host record for each species of helminth. CR Bursey, Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Shenango Campus, Sharon, PA 16146 USA	
Journal Article	Burton, Thomas C.	1998	Variation in the hand and superficial throat musculature of neotropical leptodactylid frogs		Herpetologica			54	1	53-72		Div. Biol. Sci., La Trobe Univ., Bendigo, Vic. 3552, Australia	
Journal Article	Bury, R. Bruce;Germano, David J.	1998	Annual deposition of scute rings in the Western pond turtle, Clemmys marmorata		Chelonian Conservation and Biology			3	1	108-109		buryb@mail.cor.epa.gov	
Journal Article	Buschmann, Holger	1998	Untersuchungen zum Reproducktionspotential der Gelbbauchunke Bombina variegata variegata (Linnaeus, 1758) in Gefangenschaft [Study of yellow-bellied toad Bombina variegata variegata (Linnaeus, 1758) reproductive potential in captivity]		Salamandra			34	2	125-136		Gieshügeler Straße 18, D-97218 Gerbrunn, Germany	
Journal Article	Buschmann, Holger	1998	Buchbesprechungen: Die Gelbbauchunke (Bombina v. variegata). Biologie, Gefährung, Schutz		Salamandra			34	3	285-286			
Journal Article	Buschmann, Holger	1998	Buchbesprechungen: Verbreitung, Ökologie und Schutz der Gelbbauchunke		Salamandra			34	3	287-288			
Journal Article	Bushar, Lauretta M.;Reinert, Howard K.;Gelbert, Larry	1998	Genetic variation and gene flow within and between local populations of the Timber Rattlesnake, Crotalus horridus		Copeia			1998	2	411-422		bushar@beaver.edu	
Journal Article	Bustard, Bob	1998	Scottish Solway Natterjacks - The way ahead		British Herpetological Society Bulletin				64	29-30			
Journal Article	Bustard, H. Robert	1998	The Natterjack toad in Scotland		British Herpetological Society Bulletin				65	2-13			
Book	Cabrera, Mario R.	1998	las Tortugas Continentales de Sudameerica Austral			Córdoba, Argentina	Privately printed			108, 6 plates			
Book	Cabrera, Mario R.	1998	Las Tortugas Continentales de Sudamérica Austral			Córdoba, Argentina	Privately printed			108, 6 plates			
Journal Article	Cabrera Peña, Jorge	1998	Depredación de neonatos de Lepidochelys olivacea (Reptilia: Cheloniidae) por Quiscalus mexicanus (Passeriformes: Icteridae)		Revista de Biologia Tropical			46	3	845-846			
Journal Article	Cacivio, Pedro Matias;Cespedez, Jore Abel	1998	Chthonerpeton indistinctum (NCN). Albinism		Herpetological Review			29	1	39		Pedro Marnol 243, Ciudad de Resistencia, Chaco, C.P. 3500, Argentina	
Journal Article	Cadle, John E.	1998	The identity of Leptophis varius Fischer, 1884, and placement of Liopholidophis pinguis Parker, 1925, in its synonymy		Journal of Herpetology			32	3	434-437		Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA	
Journal Article	Cadle, John E.	1998	New species of lizards, genus Stenocercus (Iguania: Tropiduridae), from western Ecuador and Peru		Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology			155	6	257-297	Stenocercus limitaris n. sp.; Stenocercus latebrosus n. sp.; Stenocercus stigosus n. sp.		
Journal Article	Caldwell, Janalee P.;Hoogmoed, Marinus S.	1998	Allophrynidae, Allophryne, A. ruthveni		Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles				666	1-3		Departmnent of Zoology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA	
Journal Article	Caldwell, Janalee P.;Araújo, Maria Carmozina de	1998	Cannibalistic interactions resulting from indiscriminate predatory behavior in tadpoles of poison frogs (Anura: Dendrobatidae)		Biotropica			30	1	92-103			
Journal Article	Caldwell, J. P.;Araújo., M. C. de	1998	Cannibalistic interactions resulting from indiscriminate predatory behavior in tadpoles of poison frogs (Anura: Denbrodatidae)		Biotropica			30		92-103			
Journal Article	Calleson, Teresa J.;Bailey, George O.;Edmiston, H. Lee	1998	Rare nesting occurrence of the Leatherback Sea Turtle, Dermochelys coriacea, in northwest Florida, USA		Herpetological Review			29	1	14-15		calleson@digitalexp.com	
Journal Article	Camarillo-R., Jose L.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Xenosaurus newmanorum		Herpetological Review			29	1	52			
Journal Article	Cameron, Kimberly D.;Broyles, Steven B.;Ducey, Peter K.	1998	Non-lethal technique for obtaining tissue for molecular studies of Ambystoma salamanders		Herpetological Review			29	1	20-23		PKD: Dept. of Biol. Sci., State Univ. of New York, Cortland, NY 13045, USA	
Journal Article	Campbell, Jonathan A.;Smith, Eric N.	1998	A new genus and species of colubrid snake from the Sierra de las Minas of Guatemala		Herpetologica			54	2	207-220		Dept. of Biology, Box 19498, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0498, USA	
Journal Article	Campbell, Jonathan A.;Sasa, Mahmood;Acevedo, Manuel;Mendelson, Joseph R., III.	1998	A new species of Abronia (Squamata: Anguidae) from the High Cuchumatanes of Guatemala		Herpetologica			54	2	221-234		Dept. of Biology, Box 19498, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0498, USA	
Journal Article	Campbell, Jonathan A.;Clarke, Barry T.	1998	A review of frogs of the genus Otophryne (Microhylidae) with the description of a new species		Herpetologica			54	3	301-317		Dept. of Biology, University of Texas, Arlington, TX 76019, USA	
Journal Article	Campbell, Jonathan A.	1998	Comments on the identities of certain Tantilla (Squamata: Colubridae) from Guatemala, with descriptions of two new species		Scientific Papers				7	1-14			
Journal Article	Campbell, Jonathan A.;Smith, Eric N.	1998	New species of Nototriton (Caudata: Plethodontidae) from Eastern Guatemala		Scientific Papers				6	1-8			
Book	Campbell, Jonathan A.	1998	Amphibians and Reptiles of Northern Guatemala, The Yucatán, and Belize			Norman	Oklahoma University Press			xx, 380, 30 plates			
Journal Article	Campbell, Jonathan A.;Smith, Eric N.	1998	New species of Nototriton (Caudata: Plethodontidae) from eastern Guatemala		Scientific Papers of the Natural History Museum, The University of Kansas				6	1-8	Amphibia, Caudata, Plethodontidae, Nototriton, new species, Izabal, Zacapa, Guatemala		
Journal Article	Campbell, Jonathan A.	1998	Comments on the identities of certain Tantilla (Squamata: Colubridae) from Guatemala, with the descriptions of two new species		Scientific Papers of the Natural History Museum, The University of Kansas				7	1-14	Reptilia, Squamata, Colubridae, Tantilla, Tantilla taeniata, Tantilla jani,  new species, Guatemala		
Journal Article	Campbell, J. A.;Sasa, M.;Acevaedo, M.;R., III Mendelson. J.	1998	A new species of Abronia (Squamata:Anguidae) from the high cuchumatanes of Guatemala		Herpetolgica			54	2	221-234	reptilia, squamata, anguidae, Abronia frosti new species
cuchumatanes, huehuetenango, Guatemala
		
Journal Article	Campbell, L.M.	1998	Use them or lose them?  Conservation and the consumptive use of marine turtles at Ostional, Costa Rica		Environmental Conservation			25	4	305-319	ridley; use; conservation		
Journal Article	Canela, Josep;Vázquez, Jordi	1998	The Multicoloured poison frogs Dendrobates		Reptilia (GB)				2	18-25			
Journal Article	Canela, Josep;Vázquez, Jordi	1998	Dendrobates tinctorius		Reptilia (GB)				4	54-57			
Journal Article	Canela Agraz, Josep;Canela Agraz, Joan;Vázquez Suñé, Jordi	1998	Epidobates tricolor		Reptilia (GB)				2	26-29			
Book	Cann, John	1998	Australian Freshwater Turtles			Singapore	Beaumont			292			
Journal Article	Canseco-Marquez, Luis;Gutierrez-Mayen, Quadalupe	1998	Geographic Distribution. Laemanctus serratus serratus		Herpetological Review			29	1	51			
Journal Article	Capizzi, Dario;Anibaldi, Claudio;Rugiero, Lorenzo;Luiselli, Luca	1998	Competition and morphological similarity: the case of the "snake-like" lizards Anguis fragilis (Anguidae) and Chalcides chalcides (Scincidae)		Rev. Ecol. (Terre et Vie)			53		211-223			
Journal Article	Captain, Ashok;Patel, Anuprita	1998	Sinonatrix, a new genus for India		Hamadryad			22	2	114-115		117 Koregaon Park, Pune 411 001, India	
Journal Article	Capula, Massimo;Anibaldi, Claudio;Filippi, Ernesto;Luiselli, Luca	1998 (1999)	Sexual combats, matings, and reproductive phenology in an alpine population of the slow worm, Anguis fragilis		Herpetological Natural History			6	1	33-39		LL: luiselli@earthlink.net	
Journal Article	Caramaschi, Ulisses	1998	Description of a second species of the genus Xenohyla (Anura: Hylidae)		Amphibia-Reptilia			19	4	377-384		ulisses@acd.ufrj.br	
Journal Article	Card, Winston	1998	Book review: Green Iguana: The Ultimate Owner's Manual		Herpetological Review			29	1	61		winstoncard@sprintmail.com	
Journal Article	Card, W.C.;Roberts, D.T.;Odum, R. A.	1998	Does zoo herpetology have a future?		Zoo Biology			17	5	453-462	Reptilia, serpentes, sauria, testudines, Amphibia, management, propagation, publication,  research,  zoo herpetology		
Journal Article	Cardwell, Mike	1998	Floating a jungle river: adventure on the Río Gálvez		Fauna			1	3	36-51			
Journal Article	Carissimi-Priori, Luis Batista	1998	The crocodile men of Malaysia		Reptilia (GB)				4	74-76			
Journal Article	Carlislenowak, M.S.;Sullivan, N.;Carrigan, M.;Knight, C.;Ryan, C.;Jacobson, E.R.	1998	Inclusion body disease in two captive Australian pythons (Morelia spilota variegata and Morelia spilota spilota)		Australian Veterinary Journal			76	2	98-100	Reptilia, serpentes, Australian python, Morelia spilota variegata, Morelia spilota spilota, infection, virus, inclusion body disease	Two captive Australian pythons, one carpet and one diamond python, presented with signs of central nervous system dysfunction. The carpet python was agitated. Its head was tilting and it was incoordinated and had convulsions. It was treated with antibiotics and anthelmintics but was eventually euthanased after failing to respond to therapy. The diamond python had flaccid paralysis of the caudal half. It was not treated and became disoriented and died. Hepatocytes from both pythons contained irregular 2 to 10 mu m eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies. The brain of the diamond python was not available for examination. Occasional neurones in the carpet python brain contained similar inclusion bodies and other changes suggestive of viral infection. The clinical signs and histopathological findings in both pythons were consistent with bold inclusion body disease. MS Carlislenowak, Vet Pathol Serv, Brisbane 4169, Australia	
Journal Article	Carlyle, Joshua C.;Sanders, Donald E.;Plummer, Michael V.	1998	Eurycea lucifuga (Cave Salamander). Reproduction		Herpetological Review			29	1	37-38		Dept. of Biol., Box 2251, Harding Univ. Searcy, AR 72149, USA	
Journal Article	Carmel, Brendan	1998	Enclosure hygiene		Monitor			9	2	61-62		brendanc@melbpc.org.au	
Journal Article	Carreño, Carrie A.;Harris, Reid N.	1998	Lack of nest defense behavior and attendance patterns in a joint nesting salamander, Hemidactylium scutatum (Caudata: Plethodontidae)		Copeia			1998	1	183-189		harrisrn@jmu.edu	
Journal Article	Carvalho, A.B.;Sampaio, M.C.;Varandas, F.R.;Klaczko, L.B.	1998	An experimental demostration of Fisher's principal: evolution of sexual proportion by natural selection		Genetics			148		719-731	sex ratio; tsd; evolution		
Journal Article	Carvalho Kokubum, Marcelo Nogueira de;Bernarde, Paulo Sérgio	1998	Geographic distribution. Melanophryniscus stelzneri fulvoguttatus		Herpetological Review			29	3	173			
Journal Article	Casale, Paolo;Gerosa, Guido;Argano, Roberto;Barbaro, Salvatore;Fontana, Gaetano	1998	Testosterone titers of immature loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) incidentally caught in the Central Mediterranean: A preliminary sex ratio study		Chelonian Conservation and Biology			3	1	90-93		pa.casale@agora.stm.it	
Journal Article	Casanovas, Ricardo	1998	Campaña sobre la tortuga de Florida en Catalunya		Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Española				9	50-51			
Journal Article	Casas-Andreu, Gustavo;Quiroz, Gabriel Barrios;Avina, Ricardo Cruz	1998	Geographic Distribution. Rana forreri		Herpetological Review			29	1	49-50			
Journal Article	Casas-Andreu, Gustavo;Barrios-Quiroz, Gabriel;Cruz-Avina, Ricardo	1998	Geographic Distribution. Hemidactylus frenatus		Herpetological Review			29	1	51			
Journal Article	Casper, Gary S.;Ames, Seth	1998	Geographic Distribution. Heterodon platirhinos		Herpetological Review			29	1	53			
Book Section	Casper, Gary S.	1998	Review of the status of Wisconsin amphibians	Lannoo, M. J.	Status & Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians	Iowa City	University of Iowa Press			199-205			
Journal Article	Castellano, S.;Giacoma, C.	1998	Stabilizing and directional female choice for male calls in the European green toad		Animal Behaviour			56		275-287	acoustic communication, Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae, phonotaxis, sexual selection, Bufo viridis		
Journal Article	Castellano, Sergio;Giacoma, Cristina;Dujsebayeva, Tatjana;Odierna, Gaetano;Balletto, Emilio	1998	Morphometrical and acoustical comparison between diploid and tetraploid green toads		Biological Journal of the Linnean Society			63		257-281			
Journal Article	Castellvi, Ignasi	1998	Scorpions: Unchanged by eternity		Reptilia (GB)				5	9-14			
Journal Article	Castellví, Ignasi	1998	Scorpions of Spain		Reptilia (GB)				2	58-60			
Journal Article	Castellví, Ignasi	1998	Escorpiones: La eternidad no los cambia		Reptilia (E)				18	9-14			
Journal Article	Castilla, Aurora M.;Fernandez-Pedrosa, Victoria;Harris, D. James;Gonzalez, Ana;Latorre, Amparo;Moya, Andrés	1998	Mitochondrial DNA divergence suggests that Podarcis hispanica atrata (Squamata: Lacertidae) from the Columbretes Islands merits specific dictinction		Copeia			1998	4	1037-1040		castilla@uia.ac.be	
Journal Article	Castro-Astor, Ivandy N.;Correia, Jozélla M. S.;Alves, Maria Alice S.	1998	Corallus hortulanus (Deer Snake). Predation		Herpetological Review			29	1	44		Reserva Biol. de Poço das Antas-IBAMA, C.P. 109.981, 28860-970 Casimiro de Abreu, RJ, Brazil	
Journal Article	Cei, José M.	1998	La mélanocéphalie chez les Lézards liolaemines et redécouverte de l'holotype de Liolaemus melanops Burmeister, 1888 longtemps considéré comme perdu (Reptilia: Squamata: Iguania: Tropiduridae)		Revue Fr. Aquariol.			25	1-2	59-62			
Journal Article	Cei, José Miguel	1998	La mélanocéphalie chez les Lézards liolaemines et redécouverte de l'holotype de Liolaemus melanops Burmeister, 1888 longtemps considéré comme perdu (Reptilia: Squamata; Iguania: Tropiduridae)		Revue fr. Aquariol.			25	1-2	59-62			
Journal Article	Censky, Ellen J.	1998	Ameiva plei		Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles				671	1-3		censky@uconnvm.uconn.edu	
Journal Article	Chaloupka, Milani	1998	Polyphasic growth in pelagic Loggerhead sea turtles		Copeia			1998	2	516-518		m.chaloupka@mailbox.uq.edu.au	
Journal Article	Chamizo, Ada R.;Moreno, Luis V.;Lizana, Miguel	1998	La Bayoya Leiocephalus cubensis, datos sobre su historia natural		Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Española				9	19-21			
Journal Article	Chanhome, L.;Cox, M. J.;Wilde, H.;Jintakoon, P.;Chaiyabutr, N.;Sitprija, V.	1998	Venomous snakebite in Thailand. I: Medically important snakes		Mil Med			163	5	310-7		Thailand has an abundance of venomous snakes. Among the neurotoxic family Elapidae, there are three species of the genus Naja (cobras), three of the genus Bungarus (kraits), and the king cobra of the genus Ophiophagus. Other Elapidae snakes in Thailand include sea snakes and Asian coral snakes of the genus Calliophis. They have potent venoms but rarely bite humans. Tissue and hemotoxic snakes are represented by family Viperidae, subfamilies Viperinae and Crotalinae. They remain an occupational hazard for farmers and rubber tappers, causing serious morbidity but only rare deaths, since competent treatment is now widely available throughout Thailand. Purified equine antivenin is manufactured locally for the monocled and Siamese spitting cobras (Naja kaouthia and N. siamensis), king cobra (Ophiophagus hannah), banded krait (Bungarus fasciatus), most green pit vipers (Trimeresurus sp.), Malayan pit viper (Calloselasma rhodostoma), and the Siamese Russell's viper (Daboia russelli siamensis).	
Journal Article	Chanhome, Lawan	1998 (1999)	Delayed fertilization, embryonic morphology and neonatal husbandry in Malayan pit viper, Calloselasma rhodostoma		The Snake			28	1-2	96-98		Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Thai Red Cross Society, 1871 Rama IV, Bangkok 10330, Thailand	
Journal Article	Chazal, Anne C.;Niewiarowski, Peter H.	1998	Responses of Mole Salamanders to clearcutting: Using field experiments in forest management		Ecological Applications			8	4	1133-1143			
Journal Article	Chávez-Martínez, Alfredo;Ramírez-Bautista, Aurelio	1998	Cnemidophorus (Whiptail Lizards). Diet		Herpetological Review			29	2	98;100		Dept. de Zool del Centro de Invest. Biol., Univ. Autó. del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad, Col. Chamilpa, Código Postal 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México	
Journal Article	Chen, Tien-Hsi;Lue, Kuang-Yang	1998	Ecological notes on feral populations of Trachemys scripta elegans in Northern Taiwan		Chelonian Conservation and Biology			3	1	87-90		d0120@ntou66.ntou.edu.tw	
Journal Article	Chen, Tien-Hsi;Lue, Kuang-Yang	1998	Ecology of the Chinese stripe-necked turtle, Ocadia sinensis (Testudines: Emydidae), in the Keelung River, Northern Taiwan		Copeia			1998	4	944-952		d0120@ntou66.ntou.edu.tw	
Journal Article	Chen, Yuanhui	1998	The current status of Ermia mangshanensis and conservation strategy		Sichuan Journal of Zoology			17	2	76-78			
Journal Article	Chen, Yuanhui	1998	Ophidian diversity in National Mt. Mang Nature Reserve, Hunan		Sichuan Journal of Zoology			17	2	86-90			
Journal Article	Cheng, Wen-fa	1998	The ecological and behavioral research of Andrias davidianus and its protection		Russian Journal of Herpetology			5	1	2-4		Forestry Bureau of Qimen County, Anhui, 245600, China	
Journal Article	Cheng, Binggong	1998	Chinese Giant Salamander in Huangshan City, Anhui now and then		Sichuan Journal of Zoology			17	2	56-57			
Journal Article	Cheng, I-Jiunn	1998	The problems of sea turtle conservation in China		Sichuan Journal of Zoology			17	2	74-75			
Journal Article	Chevalier, J.;Cazelles, B.;Girondot, M.	1998	Apports scientifiques à la conservation des Tortues luths en Guyane française		JATBA, Rev. d'Ethnobiol.			40	1/2	485-507	leatherback; population		
Journal Article	Chevalier, J.;Girondot, M.	1998	Dynamique de pontes des Tortues luths en Guyane française durant la saison 1997		Bull. Soc. Herp. Fr.			85-86		5-19	leatherback; green; conservation; tagging		
Journal Article	Cheylan, Marc;Poitevin, Françoise	1998	Impact of fire on a population of European pond turtles (Emys orbicularis) in southeastern France		Mertensiella			10		67-82		Laboratoire de Biogéographie et Ecologie des Vertébrés, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Université Montpellier 2, Place E. Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier, France	
Journal Article	Cheylan, Marc	1998	Evolution of the distribution of the European pond turtle in the French Mediterranean area since the post-glacial		Mertensiella			10		47-65		Laboratoire de Biogéographie et Ecologie des Vertébrés, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Université Montpellier 2, Place E. Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier, France	
Journal Article	Childers, Theresa;Bergman, Enoch;Manzer, Jerry D.;Mackessy, Stephen P.	1998	Geographic distribution. Rana catesbeiana		Herpetological Review			29	4	247			
Journal Article	China Reptile and Amphibian Specialist Group SSC/IUCN	1998	Herpetodiversity and conservation biology		Sichuan Journal of Zoology			17	2	49-96			
Journal Article	Chippindale, Paul T.;Ammerman, Loren K.;Campbell, Jonathan A.	1998	Molecular approaches to phylogeny of Abronia (Anguidae: Gerrhonotinae), with emphasis on relationships in subgenus Auriculabronia		Copeia			1998	4	883-892		paulc@uta.edu	
Journal Article	Chippindale, Paul T.;Price, Andrew H.;Hillis, David M.	1998	Systematic status of the San Marcos salamander, Eurycea nana (Caudata: Plethodontidae)		Copeia			1998	4	1046-1049		paulc@uta.edu	
Journal Article	Chiras, Stan	1998	Identification and husbandry of Amazon Basin Emerald tree boas (Corallus caninus)		Reptiles			6	3	48-75			
Journal Article	Chiszar, David	1998	Herpetology, critical thinking, curriculum committees, and disciplinary fundamentalism		Herpetologica			54	Suppl.	S6-S11		Dept. of Psychology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0345, USA	
Journal Article	Choi, In-Ho;Shin, Jae Seung;Kim, Mi-Hyun	1998	Allometric relations of take-off speed and power with body mass of anuran amphibians		Korean Journal of Biological Sciences			2		477-481			
Journal Article	Christiano de Anchietta Garcia, Paulo;Vinciprova, Giovanni	1998	Range extensions of some anuran species for Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul States, Brazil		Herpetological Review			29	2	117-118		Fundaç—åo Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul, Museu de Ciências Naturais, Núcleo de Vertebrados, Rua Dr. Salvador França 1427, 90690-060, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil	
Journal Article	Christman, Bruce L.;Kilpatrick, Sandra L.;Painter, Charles W.;Stuart, James N.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Salvadora grahamiae		Herpetological Review			29	1	54-55			
Journal Article	Christman, Bruce;Painter, Charles W.	1998	Geographic distribution. Crotalus molossus		Herpetological Review			29	4	249			
Journal Article	Christy, Michelle T.	1998	A portable device for restraining frogs		Herpetological Review			29	2	90-91		School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia	
Journal Article	Chubbs, Tony E.;Phillips, Frank R.	1998	Distribution of the wood frog, Rana sylvatica, in Labrador: an update		Canadian Field-Naturalist			112	2	329-331			
Journal Article	Ciofi, C.;Bruford, M. W.	1998	Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the Komodo dragon Varanus komodoensis		Mol Ecol			7	1	134-6			
Journal Article	Claesson, Didrik	1998	Groddjur under miljöpåverkan		Snoken			28	3	9-15		Norbergsgatan 1, 223 54 Lund, Sweden	
Journal Article	Claesson, Didrik	1998	Kameleonten kommunicerar med sina färger		Snoken			28	2	7-11		Norbergsgatan 1, 223 54 Lund, Sweden	
Journal Article	Clark, James M.	1998	Book review: Ancient Marine Reptiles		Copeia			1998	1	256-257		Dept. of Biol. Sci., George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA	
Journal Article	Clark, Annmarie	1998	Reptile sheds yield high quality DNA		Herpetological Review			29	1	17-18		aclark@icbr.ifas.ufl.edu	
Journal Article	Clark, Richard	1998	Observations on the pool frog, Rana lessonae Camerano in Norway		British Herpetological Society Bulletin				64	2-12		Vollentoppen 3, 4800 Arendal, Norway	
Journal Article	Clark, E. J.;Norris, D. O.;Jones, R. E.	1998	Interactions of gonadal steroids and pesticides (DDT, DDE) on gonaduct growth in larval tiger salamanders, Ambystoma tigrinum		Gen Comp Endocrinol			109	1	94-105	Animal; Cohort Studies; Comparative Study; DDE/administration & dosage/metabolism/toxicity; DDT/administration & dosage/metabolism/toxicity; Epithelium/drug effects; Estradiol/administration & dosage/*pharmacology; Female; Immersion; Injections, Intraperitoneal/veterinary; Insecticides, Organochlorine/administration & dosage/metabolism/*toxicity; Larva/growth & development; Male; Mullerian Ducts/anatomy & histology/*drug effects; Stanolone/administration & dosage/*pharmacology; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Urodela/*embryology/physiology; Wolffian Duct/anatomy & histology/*drug effects	In view of the current worldwide decline in amphibian populations, exploratory studies are needed to assess the potential for environmental contaminants to act as endocrine disrupters of the amphibian reproductive system. The present study investigated the effects of DDT dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) on the development of amphibian gonaducts. Larval male and female tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum), with immature gonads, were immersed in a sublethal solution of p,p'-DDE or technical-grade DDT (80% p,p'-DDT and 20% o,p'-DDT). Additionally, larvae were injected with the steroid hormones estradiol or dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Morphometrics were used to analyze the effects and interactions of steroid and pesticide treatments on larval gonaducts. Estradiol and DHT stimulated cell proliferation and hypertrophy of the mullerian duct epithelium in both sexes. Wolffian duct epithelium, however, was stimulated only by DHT treatment. The pesticide DDT antagonized the estrogenic actions of the steroid treatments, and p,p'-DDE acted as an estrogen on the mullerian ducts of females only. The mullerian ducts of males, and the wolffian ducts of both sexes, were unaffected by DDT or DDE alone. While confirming the previously reported estrogenic actions of estradiol and DHT on urodelean gonaducts, the results contradict the expected estrogenic actions of DDT and antiandrogenic actions of p,p'-DDE. Instead, in A. tigrinum, technical-grade DDT had an antiestrogenic action and p,p'-DDE an estrogenic action.	
Journal Article	Cogãlniceanu, Dan;Aioanel, Florin;Ciubuc, Constantin;Vãdineanu, Angheltã	1998	Food and feeding habits in a population of common spadefoot toads (Pelobates fuscus) from an island in the lower Danube floodplain		Alytes			15	4	145-157		Bucharest University, Faculty of Biology, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, 76201 Buchareat, Romania	
Edited Book	Cogger, Harold G.;Zeifel, Richard G.	1998	Encyclopedia of Reptiles & Amphibians			San Diego	Academic Press			240			
Book	Cogger, Harold G.;Zweifel, Richard G.	1998	Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians			San Diego	Academic Press			240			
Book	Cogger, Harold G.;Zweifel, Richard G.	1998	Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians			Sydney	University of New South Wales Press			240 p.			
Journal Article	Coke, R.L.;Tristan, T.E.	1998	Cryptosporidium infection in a colony of Leopard geckos, Eublepharis macularius.		ARAV 5th Ann. Conf. Sept 26-29					157-165	Reptilia, sauria, Leopard gecko, Eublepharis macularius, infection, protozoa, apicomplexa, Cryptosporidium		
Journal Article	Coke, Rob	1998	Old World chameleons: captive care and breeding		Bulletin of the Association of Reptilian Amphibian Veterinarians			8	2	4-10			
Journal Article	Colli, Guarino R.;Péres, Ayrton K.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Chironius flavolineatus		Herpetological Review			29	1	53			
Journal Article	Colli, Guarino R.;Zatz, Mariana G.;Cunha, Hélio J. da	1998	Notes on the ecology and geographical distribution of the rare Gymnophthalmid lizard Bachia bresslaui		Herpetologica			54	2	169-174		Dept. de Zoologia, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900 Brasília, DF Brazil	
Journal Article	Colli, Guarino R.;Péres, Ayrton K., Jr.;Cunha, Hélio J. da	1998	A new species of Tupinambis (Squamata: Teiidae) from Central Brazil, with an analysis of morphological and genetic variation within the genus		Herpetologica			54	4	477-492		grcolli@guarany.unb.br	
Journal Article	Colli, Guarino R.;Péres, Ayrton K.;Cunha, Hélio J. da	1998	A new species of Tupinambis (Squamata: Teiidae) from central Brazil, with an analysis of morphological and genetic variation in the genus		Herpetologica			54	4	477-492	Teiidae, Tupinambis, new species, Brazil, Cerrado		
Journal Article	Collins, Joseph T.;Sapienza, David C.	1998	Geographic distribution. Lampropeltis getula nigra		Herpetological Review			29	3	177			
Book	Conant, Roger;Collins, Joseph T.	1998	A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians: Eastern/Central North America. Third edition, Expanded			Boston	Houghton Mifflin			xx, 616	Field Guide		
Book	Cong, Linyu;Hou, Lianhai;Wu, Xiaochun;Hou, Jinfeng	1998	[The Gross Anatomy of Alligator sinensis Fauvel]			Bejing	Science Press			xxviii, 388, 1 plate			
Journal Article	Conners, J. Steven	1998	Chelydra serpentina (Common Snapping Turtle). Predation		Herpetological Review			29	4	235			
Journal Article	Conners, J. Steven	1998	Opheodrys aestivus (Rough Green Snake). Egg predation)		Herpetological Review			29	4	243			
Journal Article	Cooper, Steve	1998	Not just another roadside attraction		Reptiles			6	1	10-27			
Journal Article	Cooper, William E., Jr	1998	Effects of refuge and conspicuousness on escape behavior by the broad-headed skink (Eumeces latticeps)		Amphibia-Reptilia			19	1	103-108		cooperw@ipfw.edu	
Journal Article	Cooper, John E.	1998	The giant tortoises of Changuu, Zanzibar - An update		British Herpetological Society Bulletin				64	1			
Journal Article	Cooper, William E., Jr;Lemos-Espinal, Julio A.;Smith, Geoffrey R.	1998	Presence and effect of defensiveness or context on detectability of prey chemical discrimination in the lizard Xeosaurus platyceps		Herpetologica			54	3	409-413		cooperw@ipfw.edu	
Journal Article	Cooper, William E., Jr	1998	Direction of predator turning, a neglected cue to predator risk		Behaviour			135	1	55-64			
Journal Article	Cooper, J.E.;Bloxham, Q.M.C.;Tonge, S.J.	1998	Pathology of round island geckos Phelsuma guentheri: some unexpected findings.		Dodo. J. Wildl. Preserv. Trusts			34		153-158	Reptilia, sauria, round island gecko, Phelsuma guentheri, pathology, lipidosis, xanthomatosis	Reprint Endnote 99/34	
Journal Article	Coote, Jon	1998	IATA & CITES: Changes for reptiles and amphibians plus future bio-diversity problems		Reptilia (GB)				4	10-15			
Journal Article	Coote, Jon	1998	Pogona vitticeps: Raising and breeding bearded dragons		Reptilia (GB)				4	34-38			
Journal Article	Coote, Jon	1998	New EEC restrictions on Tortoises		Reptilia (GB)				5	6			
Journal Article	Cordero, Pedro J.;Salvador, Alfredo;Veiga, José P.	1998	A method of DNA sampling in lizards with tail Autotomy		Herpetological Review			29	1	23-25		mcnct2r@fresno.csic.es	
Journal Article	Cordero, J. P.;Salvador, A.;Veiga, J. P.	1998	A method of DNA  sampling in lizards with tail autotomy		Herpetological Review			29	1	23-25	technique		
Journal Article	Corn, Paul Stephen	1998	Effects of ultraviolet radiation on boreal toads in Colorado		Ecological Applications			8	1	18-26			
Book Section	Cortwright, Spencer A.	1998	Ten- to eleven-year population trends of two pond-breeding amphibian species, Red-spotted Newts and Green Frogs	Lannoo, M. J.	Status & Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians	Iowa City	University of Iowa Press			61-71			
Journal Article	Couper, Patrick J.;Covacevich, J. A.;Wilson, Stephen K.	1998	Two new species of Ramphotyphlops (Squamata: Typhlopidae) from Queensland		Memoirs of the Queensland Museum			42	2	459-464	Ramphotyphlops robertsi sp. nov.; Ramphotyphlops aspina sp. nov.		
Book	Cox, Merel J.;Dijk, Peter Paul van;Nabhitabhata, Jarujin;Thirakhupt, Kumthorn	1998	A Photographic Guide to Snakes and Other Reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand			Sanibel Island, FL	Ralph Curtis			144			
Journal Article	Crayon, John J.;Hothem, Roger L.	1998	Xenopus laevis (African Clawed Frog). Predation		Herpetological Review			29	3	165-166		U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, California Science Center, Davis Field Station c/o Wildlife, Fish, & Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-5224, USA	
Journal Article	Crayon, John J.	1998	Rana catesbeiana (Bullfrog). Diet		Herpetological Review			29	4	232			
Journal Article	Creeper, J.H.;Main, D.C.;Berger, L.;Huntress, S.;Boardman, W.	1998	An outbreak of mucormycosis in slender tree frogs (Litoria adelensis) and white-lipped tree frogs (Litoria infrafrenata)		Australian Veterinary Journal			76	11	761-762	Amphibia, anura, slender tree frog, Litoria adelensis, white-lipped tree frog, Litoria infrafrenata, infection, fungus, mucor	JH Creeper, Agr Wa, Bentley Delivery Ctr, Locked Bag No 4, Bentley, Wa 6983, Australia	
Journal Article	Cribb, T.H.;Gordon, A.N.	1998	Hapalotrema (Digenea: Spirorchidae) in the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) in Australia		Journal of Parasitology			84	2	375-378	Reptilia, testudines, green turtle, Chelonia mydas, infection, helminth, trematode, Hapalotrema	Hapalotrema mehrai Rao, 1976 and Hapalotrema postorchis Rao, 1976 (Digenea: Spirorchidae) are redescribed from the heart and pulmonary arteries of the green turtle, Chelonia mydas, from Moreton Bay in south-eastern Queensland. Hapalotrema pambanensis Gupta and Mehrotra, 1981 from C. mydas in India is made a synonym of H. mehrai. Hapalotrema dorsopora Dailey, Fast and Balazs, 1993 from C. mydas from Hawaii was described with a dorsally opening uterine pore, but this is found to be the opening of Laurer's canal; therefore H. dorsopora is also made a synonym of H. mehrai. In addition to differences in the numbers of testes and general dimensions, H. mehrai and H. postorchis differ in the development of Laurer's canal and in the absence of a canalicular seminal receptacle in H. postorchis. TH Cribb, Univ Queensland, Dept Parasitol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia	
Journal Article	Criscione, Charles D.;Anderson, Noah J.;Campbell, Todd;Quinn, Bridgett	1998	Geographic distribution. Hemidactylus mabouia		Herpetological Review			29	4	248			
Journal Article	Critchlow, D. P.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Bitis gabonica gabonica		African Herp News				27	21		Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, P.O. Bag 2002, Concession Road, Kemptville, ONT K0G 1J0, Canada	
Journal Article	Cross, Chad L.;Marshall, Charles	1998	Agkistrodon piscivorus piscivorus (Eastern Cottonmouth). Predation		Herpetological Review			29	1	43		Dept. of Biol. Sci., Old Dominion Univ., Norfolk, VA 23529-0266, USA	
Journal Article	Cross, Chad L.;Gallegos, John;James, Florence G.;Williams, Sara	1998	A new technique for artificially incubating loggerhead sea turtle eggs		Herpetological Review			29	4	228-229		Dept. of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529-0266, USA	
Journal Article	Cross, C.L.;Gallegos, J.B.;James, Florence G.;S., Williams	1998	A new technique for artificially incubating loggerhead sea turtle eggs		Herpetological Review			29	4	228-229	loggerhead; hatchery		
Journal Article	Crossland, Michael R.	1998	Predation by tadpoles on toxic toad eggs: the effect of tadpole size on predation success and tadpole survival		Journal of Herpetology			32	3	443-446		mcrossland@hotmail.com	
Journal Article	Crossland, Michael R.	1998	Ontogenetic variation in toxicity of tadpoles of the introduced toad Bufo marinus to native Australian aquatic invertebrate predators		Herpetologica			54	3	364-369		School of Biological Sciences, Division of Zoology and Tropical Ecology, James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia	
Journal Article	Crossland, Michael R.;Alford, Ross A.	1998	Evaluation of the toxicity of eggs, hatchlings and tadpoles of the introduced toadBufo marinus (Anura: Bufonidae) to native Australian aquatic predators		Australian Journal of Ecology			23		129-137			
Journal Article	Crossland, Michael R.	1998	Predation by tadpoles on toxic toad eggs:  The effect of tadpole size on predation success and tadpole survival		Journal of Herpetology			32	3	443-446			
Journal Article	Crossland, Michael	1998	Ontogenetic variation in toxicity of tadpoles of the introduced toad Bufo marinus  to native Australian aquatic invertebrate predators		Herpetologica			54	3	364-369			
Journal Article	Crossland, Michael	1998	A comparison of cane toad and native tadpoles as predators of native anuran eggs, hatchlings and larvae		Wildlife Research			25		373-381			
Journal Article	Crossland, M. R.;Alford., R. A.	1998	Evaluation of the toxicity of eggs, hatchlings, and tadpoles of the introduced toad Bufo marinus (Anura: Bufonidae) to native Australian aquatic predators. 		Australian Journal of Ecology			23		129-137			
Journal Article	Crossland, M. R.;Alford., R. A.	1998	Evaluation of the toxicity of eggs, hatchlings and tadpoles of the introduced toad Bufo marinus (Anura: Bufonidae) to native Australian aquatic predators. 		Australian Journal of Ecology			23		129-137			
Journal Article	Crowder, W.C.;Nie, M.H.;Ultsch, G.R.	1998	Oxygen uptake in bullfrog tadpoles (Rana catesbeiana)		Journal of Experimental Zoology			280	2	121-134	Amphibia, anura, Xenopus laevis, physiology, Oxygen uptake	Weight-specific rates of aquatic oxygen consumption ((V) over dot O-2, mu l O-2 g(-1) h(-1)) at 23 degrees C were determined for water-breathing (e.g., forcibly submerged) bullfrog tadpoles as functions of stage of development and O-2 tension (PO2). The (V) over dot O-2 at an O-2 tension near that of air-saturated water (PO2 similar to 154 mmHg) was independent of stage of development throughout the premetamorphic stages (I-XIX). Aquatic (V) overdot O-2 increased by approximately 24%, relative to the average of the preceding stages, during the first metamorphic stage (XX) and thereafter decreased steadily with developmental stage. The decline in aquatic (V) over dot O-2 resulted in a shift from facultative air-breathing to obligate air-breathing at about stage XXII. Changes with developmental stage of the critical O-2 tension (P-c) corresponded to changes in aquatic (V) over dot O-2. The P-c was low and relatively constant at 29-36 mmHg through stage XVI, started to increase (to 51 mmHg) during the final premetamorphic stages (XVII-XIX), reached a value near air saturation (159 mmHg) at stage XXII, and was in excess of air saturation for stages XXIII-XXV. The ability to survive continuous submergence paralleled the changes in P-c, as tadpoles could survive in air-saturated water without access to air through stages XXII-XXIII, when they drowned. Whole-body lactate concentrations of tadpoles in normoxic water with access to air averaged 0.56 mg g through stage XX, comparable to that of froglets (stage XXV, 0.67 mg g) in shallow water. Animals in anoxic water with access to air exhibited an approximate doubling (1.05 mg g) of lactate concentration for all stages, as did metamorphic stages XXI-XXV in normoxic water with air access. Recently metamorphosed frogs (stage XXV) could survive continuous submergence for up to 200 h without accumulating lactate if the water was hyperoxic (600-700 mmHg), suggesting that cutaneous Oz exchange in normoxic water is diffusion-limited. Stages I-XXI in normoxic water breathed air regularly but infrequently (0.4-6.2 surfacings h), with earlier stages breathing more frequently than later stages. While not required for oxygen uptake during these stages, air-breathing may serve to promote lung development, to prevent lung collapse, or to prevent accumulation of fluid in the lungs. Surfacing rates increased as the PO2 of the water decreased, but we could discern no clear relationship between the P-c for surfacing and developmental stage. Stages XXII-XXV spent most of their time floating. The changes in aquatic (V) over dot O-2, P-c, surfacing behavior, and survivorship when forcibly submerged, all suggest that stage XXII is a critical developmental stage during which bullfrog tadpoles switch from a primarily aquatic to a primarily terrestrial mode of existence. When provided with a choice of being in or out of water, early stages abruptly change from a preference for water (e,g., 92.5% of stage XXI) to a preference for land by stage XXII (74%), further indicating the transitional nature of the latter stage. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. GR Ultsch Univ Alabama Dept Biol Sci Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA	
Journal Article	Crowder, W. C.;Nie, M.;Ultsch., G. R.	1998	Oxygen uptake in bullfrog tadpoles (Rana catesbeiana)		Journal of Experimental Zoology			280		121-134			
Journal Article	Cruz, Félix B.	1998	Natural history of Tropidurus spinulosus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) from the dry Chaco of Salta, Argentina		Herpetological Journal			8	2	107-110		Instituto de Herpetología, Cátedra de Ecologia, CONICET, Fundación Miguel Lillo, FCN e IML, Miguel Lillo 251, 4000 Tucamán, Argentina	
Journal Article	Cruz, Félix B.;Silva, Santiago;Scrocchi, Gustavo J.	1998 (1999)	Ecology of the lizard Tropidurus etheridgei (Squamata: Tropidurudae) from the dry Chaco of Salta, Argentina		Herpetological Natural History			6	1	23-31		fega@unt.edu.ar	
Journal Article	Cuadrado, Mariano	1998	The use of yellow spot colors as a sexual receptivity signal in females of Chamaeleo chamaeleon		Herpetologica			54	3	395-402		macuagu@cica.es	
Journal Article	Cullum, A. J.	1998	Sexual dimorphism in physiological performance of whiptail lizards (Genus Cnemidophorus)		Physiological Zoology			71	5	51-552	morphology, gender, traits, characteristics, behavior, body mass		
Journal Article	Cunningham, Carol A.;Powell, Robert;Hedges, S. Blair	1998	Eleutherodactylus chlorophenax		Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles				648	1-2		Burns & McDonnell, Kansas City, MO 64141, USA	
Journal Article	Cunningham, A.A.;Langton, T.E.S.;Bennett, P.M.	1998	Anthropogenic mortality of the common toad (Bufo bufo) in Scotland		Veterinary Record			142	10	249-250	Amphibia, anura, frog, pathology, mortality	AA Cunningham, Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, Regents Pk, London NW1 4RY, England	
Journal Article	Curtin, Charles G.	1998	Plasticity in ornate box turtle thermal preference		Journal of Herpetology			32	2	298-301		Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA	
Journal Article	Czeczuga, B.;Muszynska, E.;Krzeminska, A.	1998	Aquatic fungi growing on the spawn of certain amphibians		Amphibia-Reptilia			19	3	239-251		Department of General Biology, Medical University, 15-230 Bialystok, Poland	
Journal Article	Da Silveira, Juliana M.;Miranda, Celso B.;Azevedo-Ramos, Claudia	1998	Geographic Distribution. Neusticurus ecpleopus		Herpetological Review			29	1	51			
Journal Article	Daltry, Jennifer C.;Wüster, Wolfgang;Thorpe, Roger S.	1998	Intraspecific variation in the feeding ecology of the crotaline snake Calloselasma rhodostoma in Southeast Asia		Journal of Herpetology			32	2	198-205		Madras Crocodile Bank, Postbag 4, Mamallapuram, Tamil Nadu 603 104, India	
Journal Article	Daltry, Jennifer C.;Ross, Toby;Thorpe, Roger S.;Wüster, Wolfgang	1998	Evidence that humidity influences snake activity patterns: a field study of the Malayan pit viper Calloselasma rhodostoma		Ecography			21		25-34			
Journal Article	Daly, Garry	1998	Review of the status and assessment of the habitat of the stuttering frog Mixophyes balbus (Anura: Myobatrachidae) on the south coast of New South Wales		Herpetofauna			28	1	2-11		c/-North Nowra PO. 2541, Australia	
Book Section	Daly, John W.	1998	The nature and origin of amphibian alkaloids					50			Samandrines, Batrachotoxins, Pumiliotoxin, Allopumiliotoxins, Homopumiliotoxins, Histrionicotoxins, Gephyrotoxins, Decahydroquinolines, Epibatidine, Pseudophrynamines, Pyrrolizidine, Coccinellines, Izidine		
Journal Article	Daly, John William	1998	Thirty years of discovering arthropod alkaloids in amphibian skin		J. Nat. Prod.			61		162-172			
Journal Article	Daniels, R. J. Ranjit;Kumar, M. V. Ravi	1998	Amphibians and Reptiles of Koli Hills		Cobra			31		3-5		3rd Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Madras 600 113, India	
Journal Article	Darby, A. W.	1998	Book Review: The Question & Answers Manuel of Reptiles and Amphibians		British Herpetological Society Bulletin				62	34-35			
Journal Article	Darevsky, Ilya S.;Danielian, Felix D.;Markarian, Karen K.	1998 (1999)	Record of the banded newt (Triturus vittatus) on the Territory of Armenia		Advances in Amphibian Research in the Former Soviet Union			3		185-186		Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya Naberezhnaya 1, St. Petersburg 119034 Russia	
Journal Article	Das, Indraneil;Wallach, Van	1998	Scolecophidian arboriality revisited		Herpetological Review			29	1	15-16		vwallach@oeb.harvard.edu	
Journal Article	Das, Indraneil	1998	A new species of Rana from the Terai of Nepal		Journal of Herpetology			32	2	223-229		Madras Crocodile Bank, Postbag 4, Mamallapuram, Tamil Nadu 603 104, India	
Journal Article	Das, Indraneil	1998	A remarkable new species of Ranid (Anura: Ranidae), with phytotelmonous larvae, from Mount Harriet, Andaman Island		Hamadryad			23	1	41-49		Centre for Herpetology, Madras Crocodile Bank Trust, Post Bag 4, Mamallapuram, Tamil Nadu 603-104, India	
Journal Article	Das, Indraneil;Dutta, Sushil K.	1998	Checklist of the amphibians if India, with English common names		Hamadryad			23	1	63-68		Centre for Herpetology, Madras Crocodile Bank Trust, Post Bag 4, Mamallapuram, Tamil Nadu 603-104, India	
Journal Article	Das, Indraneil	1998	Book review: Osteology of the Reptiles		Hamadryad			23	1	83		Centre for Herpetology, Madras Crocodile Bank Trust, Post Bag 4, Mamallapuram, Tamil Nadu 603-104, India	
Journal Article	Das, Indraneil	1998	Book review: A Field Guide to Australian Frogs		Hamadryad			23	1	83		Centre for Herpetology, Madras Crocodile Bank Trust, Post Bag 4, Mamallapuram, Tamil Nadu 603-104, India	
Journal Article	Das, Indraneil	1998	Pigs can fly!		Sri Lanka Nature			1	2	6-9			
Journal Article	Das, Indraneil;Martin, Gerard N.	1998	Bufo fergusonii (Ferguson's Toad). Ecology		Herpetological Review			29	3	164		idas@mailhost.unimas.my	
Journal Article	Das, Indraneil;Whitaker, Romulus	1998	Geographic distribution. Pedostibes tuberculosus		Herpetological Review			29	3	173			
Journal Article	Das, Indraneil	1998	A new species of Boiga (Serpentes: Colubridae) from the Nicobar Archipelago		J. South Asian nat. Hist			3	1	59-67	Boiga wallachi sp. nov.	idas@mailhost.unimas.my	
Journal Article	Das, Indraneil;Chanda, S. K.	1998	A new species of Philautus (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from the Eastern Ghats, south-eastern India		J. South Asian nat. Hist			3	1	103-112	Philautus terebrans sp. nov.	idas@mailhost.unimas.my	
Journal Article	Das, Indraneil;Dattagupta, Basudeb	1998	Rediscovery of the holotype of Leiurus berdmorei Blyth, 1853 (Sauria: Gekkonidae)		J. South Asian nat. Hist			3	1	51-52		idas@mailhost.unimas.my	
Book	Das, Indraneil	1998	Herpetological Bibliography of Indonesia			Malabar, FL	Krieger			92			
Journal Article	Das, Indraneil	1998	Systematics and biogeography of Bornean geckos of the genus Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 (Sauria: Gekkonidae), with the description of a new species		Raffles Bulletin of Zoology			46	1	11-28			
Book	Das, Indraneil	1998	The Serpent's Tongue: A contribution to the ethnoherpetology of India and adjacent countries			Frankfurt	Edition Chimaira			121, [7]			
Journal Article	Das, Indraneil	1998	Book review: Reptiles of Mongolia. Amphibians and Reptiles of Mongolia. The Vertebrates of Mongolia		Hamadryad			23	2	198		idas@mailhost.unimas.my	
Journal Article	Das, Indraneil	1998	Book review: A photographic guide to snakes and other reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand		Hamadryad			23	2	197		idas@mailhost.unimas.my	
Journal Article	Das, Indraneil;Ota, Hidetoshi	1998	A checklist of chromosome numbers of South Asian reptiles		Hamadryad			23	2	179-193		idas@mailhost.unimas.my	
Journal Article	Das, Indraneil;Chaturvedi, Naresh	1998	Catalogue of the herpetological types in the collection of the Bombay Natural History Society		Hamadryad			23	2	150-156		idas@mailhost.unimas.my	
Journal Article	Das, Indraneil	1998	A record of Gehyra mutilata (Wiegmann, 1835) from northern India (Sauria: Gekkonidae)		Hamadryad			22	2	118-119		Centre for Herpetology, Madras Crocodile Bank Trust, Post Bag 4, Mallapuram 603-104, India	
Journal Article	Das, Indraneil;Ravichandran, M. S.	1998	A new species of Polypedates (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from the Western Ghats, India, allied to the Sri Lankan P. cruciger Blyth, 1852		Hamadryad			22	2	88-94		Centre for Herpetology, Madras Crocodile Bank Trust, Post Bag 4, Mallapuram 603-104, India	
Journal Article	Das, Indraneil;Chanda, S. K.	1998	A new species of Philautus(Anura: Rhacophoridae) from the Eastern Ghats, south-eastern India		Journal of South Asian natural History			3	1	103-112			
Journal Article	Das, Indraneil;Bauer, Aaron M.	1998	Systematics and biogeography of Bornean geckos of the genus Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 (Sauria: Gekkonidae), with the description of a new species		Raffles Bulletin of Zoology			46	1	11-28	Cnemaspis dringi sp. nov.		
Book	Das, Indraneil	1998	Herpetological Bibliography of Indonesia			Malabar, FL	Krieger			92 p.			
Journal Article	Das, Nitinkumar P.;Padgaonkar, A. S.	1998 (1999)	Haematology and blood chemistry of the estuarine snake, Acrochordus granulatus (Schneider) with respect to pregnancy		The Snake			28	1-2	37-40		Endocrinology lab., Zoology Department, B.N.N. College, Bhiwandi-421305, Maharashtra, India	
Journal Article	Daszak, P.	1998	A new fungal disease associated with amphibian population declines: recent research put into perspective		British Herpetological Society Bulletin				65	38-41		School of Life Science, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, Great Britain	
Journal Article	Davenport, Stephen R.;Stuart, James N.;Sias, Don S.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Lampropeltis getula californiae		Herpetological Review			29	1	53			
Journal Article	Davenport, J.	1998	Sustaining endothermy on a diet of cold jelly: Energetics of the Leatherback Turtle Dermochelys coriacea		British Herpetological Society Bulletin				62	4-8		University Marine Biological Station, Millport, Isle of Cumbrae, Scotland KA28 0EG, Great Britain	
Journal Article	David, P. V.;Ravikumar, M. V.	1998	Short notes on Malayan box turtle (Cuora amboinensis) in Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve		Cobra			31		20-21		M. S. Swaminathan Reserach Foundation, Taramani, Chennai 600-113, India	
Journal Article	David, Patrick;Vogel, Gernot	1998	Redescription of Trimeresurus huttoni smith, 1949 (Serpentes, Crotalinae), with a discussion of its relationships		Hamadryad			22	2	73-87		Laboratoire de Zoologie, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 25 Rue Cuvier, F-75005 Paris, France	
Journal Article	Davies, Margaret;McDonald, Keith R.	1998	Developmental biology of Uperoleia altissima Davies, Watson, McDonald, Trenerry & Werren, 1993 (Anura: Myobatrachidae)		Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia			122	4	167-172			
Book Section	Davis, Jeffrey G.;Krusling, Paul J.;Ferner, John W.	1998	Status of amphibian populations in Hamilton County, Ohio	Lannoo, M. J.	Status & Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians	Iowa City	University of Iowa Press			155-165			
Journal Article	De, N.C.	1998	A new capillariid, Paracapillaria (Ophidiocapillaria) najae n.sp. (Nematoda: Trichuroidea), from an elapid snake in west Bengal, India		Systematic Parasitology			39	2	153-157	Reptilia, serpentes, elaphe, infection, helminth, nematode, Capillaria, Paracapillaria (Ophidiocapillaria) najae	Paracapillaria (Ophidiocapillaria) najae n. sp. is described from specimens from the oesophagus of a single snake, Naja naja (fam. Elapidae), caught from a garden at Kalyani, West Bengal, India. It is characterised by possessing: a medium body size; sinuous muscular oesophagus; stichosome consisting of distinctly subannulated stichocytes (30-48 in number); male tail having a membranous bursa supported by two wide lateral rays with bluntly pointed distal ends and not reaching to the posterior margin of the bursa; long spicule with spatula-like extension of the proximal extremity; spicular surface transversely marked; non-spinous but transversely folded spicular sheath; vulval lips non-elevated or only anterior lip slightly elevated; and oval eggs with protruding polar plugs. This represents the first record of a capillariid worm from a snake of the family Elapidae. NC De, Kalyani Univ, Dept Zool, Helminthol Lab, Kalyan 741235, W Bengal, India	
Journal Article	de la Reza, Andre G.;Balcombe, Collin;Schlenke, Todd	1998	Geographic Distribution. Syrrhophus cystignathoides		Herpetological Review			29	2	108-109			
Journal Article	de la Riva, Ignacio	1998	Book review: Contributions to West Indian Herpetology: A tribute to Albert Schwartz		Amphibia-Reptilia			19	1	109-110			
Journal Article	De la Riva, Ignacio;Köhler, Jörn	1998	A new minute leptodactylid frog, Genus Phyllonastes, from humid montane forests of Bolivia		Journal of Herpetology			32	3	325-329		mcnir3a@fresno.csic.es	
Journal Article	De La Riva, Ignacio;Gonzales, Lucindo	1998	Sobre la presencia de Pleurodema guayapae Barrio, 1964 (Anura, Leptodactylidae) en Bolivia		Alytes			16	1-2	68-76		mcnir3a@fresno.csic.es	
Journal Article	de Sá, Rafael O.	1998	Book review: The Biology of Xenopus		Copeia			1998	2	528-530		rdesa@richmond.edu	
Journal Article	de Sá, Rafael O.;Hill, Shannon	1998	Chondrocranial anatomy and skeletogenesis in Dendrobates auratus		Journal of Herpetology			32	2	205-210		Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA	
Edited Book	de Silva, Anslem	1998	Biology and Conservation of the Amphibians, Reptiles and their Habitats in South Asia			Peradeniya, Sri Lanka	ARROS			x, 364, 1 plate			
Journal Article	de Souza, Guilherme V.;de Freitas, Thais S.	1998	Geographic distribution. Caiman latirostris		Herpetological Review			29	3	173			
Journal Article	De Vito, J.;D. P. Chivers, J. M. Kiesecker, A. Marco, W. L. Wildy;Blaustein., A. R.	1998	The effects of snake predators on metamorphosis of western toads Bufo boreas (Amphibia, Bufonidae). 		Ethology			104		185-193			
Book	de Vosjoli, Philippe;Klingenberg, Roger;Ronne, Jeff	1998	The Boa Constrictor Manual			Santee, CA	AVS			84			
Journal Article	De Vriendt, Erwin	1998	Orlando Reptile Show		Het Terrarium			16	5	4-5			
Journal Article	Dee, Mike	1998	Book Review: Pythons of Australia		Reptilia (GB)				2	76			
Journal Article	Deegan, Bob;Berkholtz, John;Golet, Hank	1998	Ambystoma opacum (Marbled Salamander). Albinism		Herpetological Review			29	4	229			
Journal Article	Degenhardt, William G.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Bufo speciosus		Herpetological Review			29	1	48			
Journal Article	Degenhardt, William G.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Cnemidophorus uniparens		Herpetological Review			29	1	51			
Journal Article	Degenhardt, William G.;Stuart, James N.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Arizona elegans		Herpetological Review			29	1	52			
Journal Article	Deichsel, Guntram	1998	Buchbesprechungen: Measuring and Monitoring Biological Diversity. Standard Methods for Amphibians		Salamandra			34	2	186-189			
Journal Article	Deichsel, Guntram	1998	Therapie irreversibler Aufblähung der Schallblasen und des Leibes bei Rana lessonae aus einem Gartenteich		Salamandra			34	3	269-271		Friedrich-Ebert-Straße 62, D-88400 Biberach an der Riß, Germany	
Journal Article	Delavaud, Isabelle;Seguin, Serge;Veysset, Alain	1998	Protection of the European pond turtle in Charente Maritime		Mertensiella			10		292-295		Association SEPRONAS, Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, 28 Rue Albert 1er, F-17000 La Rochelle, France	
Journal Article	Delfino, G.;Melis, G.	1998	Serous cutaneous glands in the natterjack Bufo calamita (Anura, Bufonidae): The fundamental role of aggregation processes during poison maturation		Zoology - Analysis of Complex Systems			101	1	53-66	Amphibia, anura, natterjack, Bufo calamita, anatomy, skin, gland, poison	The maturation of the cutaneous serous product (poison) has been described in the natterjack Bufo calamita during the ontogenetic cycle, from advanced tadpoles to adult specimens. In each stage observed, the secretory products of serous glands are characterized by peculiar features, and a fundamental similarity exists between the poisons of glands from different body regions. Although much morphological variability is evident in the serous accumulations, a fundamental secretory mechanism can be detected in all the stages considered. It consists of the aggregation of particles - the poison subunits - produced by ser, rer and Golgi apparatus activities. The aggregation process comes about by the confluence of secretory vesicles containing the poison subunits. The serous bodies derived from aggregation display a complex substructure, often characterized by repeating patterns, particularly evident in the juvenile stage. These aggregates undergo maturative evolution which varies in both morphology and timing. Thus it is the maturative process which causes the remarkable polymorphism of the cutaneous product of B. calamita during its life cycle. In discussing the results along phylogenetic lines, greater emphasis has been placed upon a comparison with the cutaneous poisons of the congeneric B. bufo and B. viridis and those of Hyla arborea and Xenopus laevis, which also exhibit repetitive arrangements of the subunits. As expected, comparative analysis disclosed common secretory paths in Bufo poisons, whereas secondary similarities (convergences) linked the serous skin products of the compared genera, representative of Bufonidae, Hxylidae and Pipidae. In keeping with the ontogenetic profile of this study, it is suggested that the different ultrastructural traits detected during the life cycle reflect the specific roles of the serous products in the various developmental stages. G Delfino, Univ Florence, Dipartimento Biol Anim & Genet, Via Romana 17, I-50125 Florence, Italy	
Journal Article	Delibes, Miguel;Blázquez, M. Carmen	1998	Tameness of insular lizards and loss of biological diversity		Conservation Biology			12	5	1142-1143			
Journal Article	Deng, Xuejian;Ye, Yiyun	1998	Reptile fauna and zoogeographic division in Hunan province		Sichuan Journal of Zoology			17	2	91-96			
Journal Article	Deng, Xuejian;Ye, Yiyun;Yang, Daode	1998	Two reptile records new to Hunan Province		Sichuan Journal of Zoology			17	2	53			
Journal Article	Denver, Robert J.	1998	Hormonal correlates of environmentally induced metamorphosis in the western spadefoot toad, Scaphiopus hammondi		General and Comparative Endocrinology			110		326-336	Thyroid, hormones, steroids, steroids, water volume reduction, thyroxine		
Journal Article	Denver, Robert J.;Mirhadi, Nooshan;Phillips, Marnie	1998	Adaptive plasticity in amphibian metamorphosis: Response of Scaphiopus hammondi tadpoles to habitat desiccation		Ecology			79	6	1859-1872	Amphibian, desert species, developmental plasticity, environmental variation, habitat desiccation, desert amphibians, phenotypic plasticity, western spadefoot toad		
Journal Article	Denver, R. J.;Mirhadi, N.;Phillips., M.	1998	Adaptive plasticity in amphibian metamorphosis: response of Scaphiopus hammondii tadpoles to habitat desiccation		Ecology			79		1859-1872			
Journal Article	Devare, Andrew J. W.	1998	Some observations on behavior, breeding and care of captive prehensile-tailed skinks, Corucia zebrata (Part I)		Reptilia (GB)				4	62-68			
Journal Article	Devare, Andrew J. W.	1998	History and behaviour of captive prehensile-tailed skinks (part II)		Reptilia (GB)				5	57-65			
Journal Article	Devare, Andrew J. W.	1998	Corucia zebrata: Historia y comportamiento en cautividad del escinco gigante de las isla Salomón (Parte II)		Reptilia (E)				18	58-65			
Journal Article	Devaux, Bernard;Bley, Sébastien	1998	Emys orbicularis galloitalica in Provence: an example of a small threatened population		Mertensiella			10		83-88		SOPTOM, B.p. 24, F-83590 Gonfaron, France	
Book Section	Diana, Stephen G.;Beasley, Val R.	1998	Amphibian Toxicology	Lannoo, M. J.	Status & Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians	Iowa City	University of Iowa Press			266-277			
Journal Article	Dickinson, Darlene	1998	Herp homemaking 101		Reptiles			6	2	24-35			
Journal Article	Diethelm, G.;Mader, D. R.;Grosenbaugh, D. A.;Muir, W. W.	1998	Evaluating pulse oximetry in the green iguana, Iguana iguana.		ARAV 5th Ann. Conf. Sept 26-29					11-12	Reptilia, sauria, Iguana, physiology, technique, blood, oxygen, pulse oxymetry	Monitoring reptilian anesthesia has long been a challenge. Traditional electrocardiograms (ECG) tend not to be effective in reptiies due to small patient size and poor surface conduction of electrical potentials. ECG pattems will vary with patient species, size, temperature and more. This, plus a lack of normal values, makes the ECG almost useless.	
Journal Article	Dietrich, Norbert	1998	Umweltschutz - ein Fremdwort im Hinterland der Bulgarischen Schwarzmeerküste		Elaphe			6	1	100-102		Dr.-So,,er-Str. 1, 02763 Zittau, Germany	
Journal Article	Dim, Sexual	1998	Sexual dimorphism in Kachuga tecta and K. smithii (Testudines: Bataguridae) in Jammu, India		Hamadryad			22	2	125-128		Department of Biosciences, University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir State 180 001, India	
Journal Article	Din, Sherif Baha El;Attum, Omar	1998	Psammophis schokari (Schokari Sand Snake). Diet		Herpetological Review			29	2	104		Nature Protection Sector, Egyptian Environmental Affiars Agency, 3 Abd Alla El Katib St. Dokki, Cairo, Egypt	
Journal Article	Dirksen, Lutz;Böhme, Wolfgang	1998	Studien an Anakondas 2: Zum taxonomischen Status von Eunectes murinus gigas (Latreillem 1801) (Serpentes: Boidae), mit neuen Ergebnissen zur Gattung Eunectes Wagler, 1830 [Studies on anacondas 2: On the taxonomic status of Eunectes murinus gigas (Latreille, 1801) (Serpentes: Boidae), with new findings on the genus Eunectes Wagler 1830]		Salamandra			34	4	359-374		Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Adenaueralle 160, D-53113 Bonn, Germany	
Journal Article	Dirksen, Lutz;Buongermini, Emilio;Strüssmann, Christine;Waller, Tomás	1998 (1999)	Protective balling-posture behavior in the genus Eunectes Wagler, 1830 (Serpentes: Boidae)		Herpetological Natural History			6	2	151-155		ldirksen@t-online.de	
Journal Article	Divers, Stephen J.;Lenox, Peter J.	1998	Veterinary investigation into radiographic sexing and blood parameters of gila monsters (Heloderma suspectum)		British Herpetological Society Bulletin				65	36-37		Exotic Animal Centre, 12 Fitzilian Avenue, Harold Wood, Romford, Essex, Great Britain	
Journal Article	Divers, S.J.	1998	The diagnosis and treatment of lower respiratory tract disease in tortoises with particular regard to intrapneumonic therapy.		ARAV 5th Ann. Conf. Sept 26-29					95-98	Reptilia, testudines, pathology, pneumonia, therapy, intrapulmonar		
Journal Article	Divers, S.J.	1998	An introduction to reptile endoscopy.		ARAV 5th Ann. Conf. Sept 26-29			5		41-45	Reptilia, sauria, serpentes, technique, endoscopy		
Journal Article	Divers, S. J.	1998	Two case reports of reptile mycobacteriosis.		ARAV 5th Ann. Conf. Sept 26-29					133-137	Reptilia, serpentes, infection, bacteria, Mycobacteria		
Journal Article	Díaz-Paniagua, Carmen	1998	Reproductive dynamics of a population of small marbled newts (Triturus marmoratus, pygmaeus) in south-western Spain		Herpetological Journal			8	2	93-98		Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), Apartado 1056, 41080 Sevilla, Spain	
Journal Article	Dmi'el, Razi	1998	Skin resistance to water loss in viperid snakes		Russian Journal of Herpetology			5	1	5-9		Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Israel	
Journal Article	Dmiel, R.	1998	Skin resistance to evaporative water loss in viperid snakes: habitat aridity versus taxonomic status		Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A - Molecular and Integrative Physiology			121	1	1-5	Reptilia, serpentes, snake, Viperidae, physiology, homeostasis, cutaneous water loss, skin resistance, habitat	The question whether evaporative water loss in snakes is affected mainly by the habitat aridity or whether it is better attributed to taxonomic position, remains controversial. To answer this question, cutaneous water loss (E-c) and skin resistance to water loss (R-s) were measured under standardized experimental conditions in four species of nocturnal vipers occupying different habitats. In the mesic-Mediterranean species Vipera, E-c increased from 0.105 to 0.175 mg cm(-2) h(-1) at air temperatures of 25 and 35 degrees C, respectively. These values were 2 to 3-fold higher than that of the desert vipers, in which E-c increased with temperature very slightly. Values of R-s in the mesic-Mediterranean Vipera (averaged 792 s cm(-1)) were two times lower than those obtained for the desert species and did not change at the different temperatures. In the desert vipers, R-s increased by different degrees with increasing air temperatures. These temperature-dependent R-s changes, which probably reflect vasomotor responses, were more pronounced in Pseudocerastes. Of the four species studied, this snake is least nocturnal and it occupies the most extreme desert habitats. These results indicate that among closely related species, E-c and R-s correlate with habitat aridity. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. R Dmiel, Tel Aviv Univ, George S Wise Fac Life Sci, Dept Zool, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel	
Journal Article	Dodd, C. Kenneth	1998	Biomass of an island population of Florida Box Turtles (Terrapene carolina bauri)		Journal of Herpetology			32	1	150-152		Biological Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 7920 N. W. 71 St., Gainesville, FL 32653, USA	
Journal Article	Dohm, Michael R.;Garland, Theodore;Cole, Charles J.;Townsend, Carol R.	1998	Physiological variation and allometry in western whiptail lizards (Cnemidophorus tigris) from a transect across a persistent hybrid zone		Copeia			1998	1	1-13		TG: Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA	
Journal Article	Dohm, Michael R.;Garland, Theodore, Jr.;Cole, Charles J.;Townsend, Carol R.	1998	Physiological variation and allometry in western whiptail lizards (Cnemidophorus tigris) from a transect across a persistent hybrid zone		Copeia			1998		1-13			
Journal Article	Doles, Mark W.	1998	Maternal care in the spiny lizard, Sceloporus orcutti		Journal of Herpetology			32	1	122-124		National Biological Service, Guam National Wildlife Refuge, P.O. Box 21627 GME, Barringada, Guam 96921, USA	
Journal Article	Domènech, Salvador	1998	Costa Rica: Una introducción a las áreas protegidas y su herpetofauna		Reptilia (E)				14	26-33			
Journal Article	Domènech, Salvador	1998	Pelobates cultripes: the western spadefoot toad		Reptilia (GB)				5	66-68			
Journal Article	Domènech, Salvador	1998	Pelobates cultripes El sapo excavador		Reptilia (E)				18	66-68			
Journal Article	Dorcas, Michael E.;Peterson, Charles R.	1998	Daily body temperature variation in free-ranging rubber boas		Herpetologica			54	1	88-103		SREL, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29082, USA	
Journal Article	Dorcas, Michael E.;Gibbons, J. Whitfield;Dowling, Herndon G.	1998	Seminatrix, S. pygaea		Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles				679	1-5		Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Drawer E., Aiken, SC 29802, USA	
Journal Article	Dosselman, Dennis J.;Schaalje, G. Bruce;Sites, Jack W., Jr	1998	An analysis of fluctuating asymmetry in a hybrid zone between two chromosome races of the Sceloporus grammicus complex (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae) in central Mexico		Herpetologica			54	4	434-447		College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvalis, OR 97331, USA	
Journal Article	Doughty, Paul;Thompson, Michael B.	1998	Unusual reproductive patterns in the Australian marbled gecko (Phyllodactylus marmoratus)		Copeia			1998	3	747-752		pdoughty@cyllene.uwa.edu.au	
Journal Article	Downes, Sharon;Borges, Pedro	1998	Sticky traps: An effective way to capture small terrestrial lizards		Herpetological Review			29	2	94-95		sdownes@bio.usyd.edu.au	
Journal Article	Downes, S.;Borges, P.	1998	Sticky traps: an effective way to capture small terrestrial lizards		Herpetological Review			29	29	94-95	method, technique, reptiles		
Journal Article	Drejenstam, Johan	1998	Kungsboa, Boa constrictor		Snoken			28	2	3-5		johan.drejenstam@stenaline.com	
Journal Article	Dreslik, Michael J.	1998	Current status and conservation of the river cooter (Pseudemys concinna) in southern Illinois		Chelonian Conservation and Biology			3	1	135-137		Illinois Natural History Survey, Center for Biodiversity, Champaign, IL 61820, USA	
Journal Article	Driessen, Michael M.;Brereton, Raymond	1998	A range extension for the delecate skink, Lampropholis delicata, in Tasmania		Herpetofauna			28	1	44-45		Parks and Wildlife Service, Tasmania, GPO Box 44A, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia	
Journal Article	Drury, S. E. N.;Gough, R. E.;McArthur, S.;Jessop, M.	1998	Detection of herpesvirus-like and papillomavirus-like particles associated with diseases of tortoises		Veterinary Record			143	23	639	Reptilia, testudines, infection, virus, herpesvirus, papillomavirus, diseases	SEN Drury, Cent Vet Lab, Woodham Lane, Addlestone KT15 3NB, Surrey, ENGLAND	
Journal Article	Dubois, Alain	1998	Lists of European species of amphibians and reptiles: will we soo be reaching "stability"?		Amphibia-Reptilia			19	1	1-28		Laboratoire des Reptilies et Amphibiens, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 25 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France	
Journal Article	Dubois, Alain	1998	Mapping European amaphibans and reptiles: collective inquiry and scientific methodology		Alytes			15	4	176-204		Laboratoire des Reptiles et Amphibiens, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 25 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France	
Journal Article	Dubois, Alain;Ohler, Annemarie	1998	A new species of Leptobrachium (Vibrissaphora) from northern Vietnam, with a review of the taxonomy of the genus Leptobrachium (Pelobatidae, Megophryinae)		Dumerilia			4	1	1-32	Leptobrachium echinatum sp. nov.		Laboratoire des Reptiles et Amphibiens, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 25 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
Journal Article	Ducey, Peter K.;Newman, Willis;Cameron, Kimberly D.;Messere, Michael	1998	Herpetofauna of the highly-polluted Onodaga Lake Ecosystem, Onondaga County, New York		Herpetological Review			29	2	118-119		duceyp@cortland.edu	
Journal Article	Ducotterd, Jean-Marc	1998	Caretta caretta, un spectacle inoubliable		Manouria				1	14-15			
Journal Article	Dudenhoefer, David	1998	Deirdre Hyde's creative energy: Artist of environmentalis?		Fauna			1	3	74-80			
Journal Article	Duffield, Glen A.;Bull, C. Michael	1998	Seasonal and ontogenetic changes in the diet of the Australian skink Egernia stokesii		Herpetologica			54	3	414-419		School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia	
Journal Article	Dumas, P.;Chris, B.	1998	The olfaction in Proteus anguinus: a behavioural and cytological study		Behavioural Processes			43		107-113			
Journal Article	Dundee, Harold A.	1998	Nectrurus punctatus		Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles				663	1-5		dundee@museum.tulane.edu	
Journal Article	Dundee, Harold A.	1998	Bolitoglossa sooyorum		Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles				662	1-2		dundee@museum.tulane.edu	
Journal Article	Dunker, N.	1998	Colocalization of serotonin and GABA in retinal neurons of Ichthyophis kohtaoensis (amphibia; Gymnophiona)		Anat Embryol Berl			197	1	69-75		Ichthyophis kohtaoensis, a member of the limbless Gymnophiona, has a specialized subterranean burrowing mode of life and a predominantly olfactory-guided orientation. The only visually guided behavior seems to be negative phototaxis. As these animals possess extremely small eyes (only 540 microm in diameter in adults), functional investigations of single retinal cells by electrophysiological methods have so far failed. Therefore, the content and distribution of retinal transmitters have been investigated as indications of a functioning sense organ in an animal that is supposed to be blind. Previous immunohistochemical investigation of the retinal transmitter system revealed immunoreactivity for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), serotonin, dopamine and tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the catecholamine synthetic pathway. The present studies have been performed in order to determine a possible colocalization of serotonin and GABA in retinal neurons of the caecilian retina. Therefore retinal cryostat sections of various developmental stages have been investigated by the indirect fluorescence method. In single-label preparations, serotonin is localized to cells in the inner nuclear layer and the ganglion cell layer. GABA immunocytochemistry labels a variety of cell types in the inner nuclear layer as well as cell bodies in the ganglion cell layer. In double-label preparations, some of the serotonergic cells are found to express GABA immunoreactivity and some GABAergic neurons also label for serotonin immunocytochemistry. Thus, despite the fact that caecilians mainly rely on olfaction and are believed to have a reduced visual system, their retina exhibits a surprisingly "normal" distribution of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, also typical of other anamniotes with a well-developed visual system, including the partial colocalization of serotonin and GABA at all developmental stages of I. kohtaoensis. These results indicate that a functional system that is under no strong selective pressure obviously has a long evolutionary persistence irrespective of its need for use.	
Journal Article	Dutra, Guilherme Fraga;Vrcibradic, Davor	1998	Geographic distribution. Mabuya heathi		Herpetological Review			29	4	248			
Journal Article	Dutta, Sushil K.	1998	First record of Tomopterna dobsonii (Boulenger, 1882) (Anura: Ranidae) from Orissa, India		Hamadryad			22	2	117-118		Department of Zoology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar 751 004, Orissa, India	
Journal Article	Duvall, david;Fincher, C. L.	1998 (1999)	Book review: Rattlesnake: Portrait of a Predator		Herpetological Natural History			6	1	77-78		Department of Zoology, LSW 430, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA	
Journal Article	Dühr, D.	1998	Poisoning due to an intake of mice bait with Cholecalciferol in combination with acute egg-binding in a tortoise [Vergiftung durch Aufnahme von Mäuseködern mit Cholecalciferol in Verbindung mit akuten Legenot bei einer Landschildkröte]		Praktische Tierarzt			79	3	210-212	Reptilia, testudines, leopard tortoise, poisoning, mice bait, cholecalciferol, calcium		
Journal Article	Dyson, Miranda L.;Henzi, S. Peter;Halliday, Timothy R.;Barrett, Louise	1998	Success breeds success in mating male reed frogs (Hyperolius marmoratus)		Proc. R. Soc. Lond.			265		1417-1421	Anurans, mating success, sexual selection, energetics, lek		
Journal Article	Dyson, M. L.;Bush, S. L.;Halliday, T. R.	1998	Phonotaxis by female majorcan midwife toads, Alytes muletensis		Behaviour			135		213-230	acoustic communication, Anura, asymmetry, Discoglossidae, phonotaxis, sexual selection, Alytes muletensis		
Journal Article	Echeverría, Dinorah D.	1998	Aspectos de la reproducción in-vitro y del desarrollo larval de Melanophryniscus stelzneri (Weyenbergh, 1875) (Anura, Bufonidae), con comentarios acerca del órgano de Bidder		Alytes			15	4	158-170		echeverria@biolo.bg.fcen.uba.ar	
Journal Article	Echeverría, Dinorah D.	1998	Microanatomía del aparato bucal y de la cavidad oral de la larva de Bufo fernandezae Gallardo, 1957 (Anura, Bufonidae), con comentarios acerca de la coloración in vivo y la anatomia externa		Alytes			16	1-2	50-60		Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Vertebrados, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina	
Journal Article	Edds, David	1998	Geographic Distribution. Kachuga tecta		Herpetological Review			29	2	109			
Journal Article	Edds, David	1998	Geographic Distribution. Kachuga smithii smithii		Herpetological Review			29	2	109			
Journal Article	Edds, David	1998	Geographic Distribution. Kachuga tentoria flaviventer		Herpetological Review			29	2	109			
Journal Article	Edqvist, Ulf	1998	Herpetofaunan i södra Minnesota		Snoken			28	4	3-12		Veinge by, 312 92 Laholm, Sweden	
Journal Article	Edwards, JOhn	1998	Early reptile photography		Herpetological Review			29	3	134-135		26, Rhondda Grove, London, E3 5AP, England	
Journal Article	Eggenschwiler, Ursula	1998	Abszesserkrankungen bei Schilkröten		Schildkröte			1	1	40-42			
Journal Article	Eggenschwiler, Ursula	1998	Book review: Reptilien, Krankheiten und Haltung		Schildkröte			1	1	44-45			
Journal Article	Eggenschwiler, Ursula	1998	Frühjahrserwachen europäischer Landschildkröten		Schildkröte			1	1	52-54			
Journal Article	Ehmcke, Jens;Bolaños, Federico	1998	Brutpflege bei Bolitoglossa subpalmata		Salamandra			34	3	223-226		Westfälische Wilhems-Universität, Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Vergleichende Embryologie, Hüfferstraße 1, D-48149 Münster, Germany	
Journal Article	Ehrenfeld, J.	1998	Active proton and urea transport by amphibian skin		Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology			119A	1	35-45			
Journal Article	Eifler, Douglas A.;Eifler, Maria A.	1998	Foraging behavior and spacing patterns of the lizard Cnemidophorus uniparens		Journal of Herpetology			32	1	24-33		Museum of Nat. Hist., Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA	
Journal Article	Elbing, Kerstin	1998	Aller Anfang ist schwer - Untersuchungen zu Aktivitäten frisch geschlüpfter Smaragdeidechsen, Lacerta viridis [Starting with wifficulties - studies on activities of newly hatched green lizards, Lacerta viridis]		Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie			5		43-53		Kerstin Elbing, Institut für Ökologie und Evolutionsbiologie, Universität Bremen/FB 2, Postfach 330 440, D-28344 Bremen, Germany	
Journal Article	Elbing, Kerstin	1998	Zur Gelegefrequenz der Smaragdeidechse (Lacerta viridis) in ihren Brandenburgischen Relikthabitaten [On clutch frequency of green lizards (Lacerta viridis) in relict habitats in northeastern Germany]		Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie			5		252-254		Institut für Ökologie und Evolutionsbiologie, Universität Bremen/FB 2, Postfach 330440, D-28334 Bremen, Germany	
Journal Article	Elliot, Mike	1998	Notes sur le maintien et la reproduction en captivité de la tortue-boîte ornée, Terrapene ornata (Agassiz, 1857)		Manouria				2	16-21			P.O. Box 52149, 307 Robinson Street, Oakville, ONT L6J 7N5, Canada
Book	Elliott, Lang	1998	Calls of Minnesota's Frogs and Toads			St. Paul, MN	Hamline University				Frog calls		
Book	Ellis, Claire	1998	The Land of the Komodo Dragon			Singapore	Times Editions			120			
Journal Article	Elmberg, Johan	1998	Ytterligare förbättrad nordamerikansk klassiker		Snoken			28	4	27			
Journal Article	Elvey, Carrie;Newlon, Karen	1998	Eunectes murinus (Green Anaconda) and Phrynops giba (Giba Turtle). Predation		Herpetological Review			29	2	103-104		Dept. of Biol., Hiram College, Hiram, OH 44234, USA	
Journal Article	Enavall, Jesper	1998	Devalvering av terrariedjurens värde - ett hot mot vår hobby?		Snoken			28	4	29			
Journal Article	Enge, Kevin M.	1998	Amphiuma means (Two-toed Amphiuma). Diet		Herpetological Review			29	3	162		Florida Game & Fresh Water Fish Comm., Route 7, Box 3055, Quincy, FL 32351, USA	
Journal Article	Engelstoft, Christian;Ovaska, Kristina	1998	Taricha granulosa (Roughskin Newt). Behavior		Herpetological Review			29	3	164		alula@islandnet.com	
Journal Article	Engeman, Richard M.	1998 (1999)	An easy capture method for brown tree snakes (Boiga irregularis)		The Snake			28	1-2	101-102		National Wildlife Research Center, 1716 Heath Parkway, Fort Collins, CO 80524-2719, USA	
Journal Article	Engeman, Richard M.;Sayama, Steven;Linnell, Michael A.	1998 (1999)	Operational utility of perimeter trapping for removing brown tree snakes (Boiga irregularis) from a defined area		The Snake			28	1-2	19-22		National Wildlife Research Center, 1716 Heath Parkway, Fort Collins, CO 80524-2719, USA	
Journal Article	Ensenyat, Conrad	1998	Book review: Manual Clinico de Reptiles		Reptilia (E)				14	75			
Journal Article	Ensenyat, Conrad	1998	Book Review: Snakes, A Natural History		Reptilia (GB)				2	76-77			
Journal Article	Epinoza, Robert E.;Tracy, Christopher R.;Tracy, C. Richard	1998	A safe, single-application procedure for eradicating mites on repriles		Herpetological Review			29	1	35-36		espin_r@unr.edu	
Journal Article	Erdelen, W.	1998	Trade in lizards and snakes in Indonesia: Biogeography, ignorance, and sustainability		Mertensiella			9		69-83		Dept. of Biology, Institute of Technology Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia	
Edited Book	Erdelen, Walter	1998	Conservation, Trade and Sustainable Use of Lizards and Snakes in Indonesia			Rheinbach, Germany	DGHT			xxiv, 144			
Journal Article	Ernst, Carl H.;Wilgenbusch, James C.;Boucher, Timothy P.;Sekscienski, Steven W.	1998	Growth, allometry and sexual dimorphism in the Florida box turtle, Terrapene carolina bauri		Herpetological Journal			8	2	72-78		Dept. of Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030-4444, USA	
Journal Article	Ernst, Carl H.;Wilgenbusch, James C.;Boucher, Timothy P.;Sekscienski, Steven W.	1998	Morphometrics of the fossil box turtle, Terrapene innoxia Hay 1916, from Florida		Chelonian Conservation and Biology			3	1	99-102		Dept. of Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA	
Journal Article	Ernst, Cal H.	1998	Geochelone chilensis		Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles				668	1-5		Department of Biology, George Mason UIniversity, Fairfax, VA 22030-4444	
Journal Article	Ernst, Carl H.	1998 (1999)	Another envenomation by the hump-nosed viper, Hypnale hypnale		The Snake			28	1-2	99-100		Department of Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA	
Journal Article	Escalona, T.;Fa, J.E.	1998	Survival of nests of the terecay turtle (Podecnemis unifilis) in the Nicare-Tawadu Rivers, Venezuela		Journal of Zoology, London			244		303-312	turtle; egg; harvest		
Journal Article	Espinoza, Robert E.;Carreño, Carrie A.;Tracy, Christopher R.;Tracy, C. Richard	1998	Geographic Distribution. Sauromalus obesus obesus		Herpetological Review			29	1	51-52			
Journal Article	Espinoza, R. E.;Tracy, C. R.;R., Tracy. C.	1998	A safe, single-application procedure for eradicating mites on reptiles		Herpetological  Review			29	1	35-36	captive		
Journal Article	Estabel, Jeanne;Exbrayat, Jean-Marie	1998	Brain development of Typhlonectes compressicaudus		Journal of Herpetology			32	1	1-10		Laboatoire de Biologie Générale de l'Université catholique de Lyon, 25 rue du plat, 69288 Lyon cedex 02, France	
Journal Article	Estep, Laura K.	1998	Eretmochelys imbricata (Hawksbill). Predation		Herpetological Review			29	4	235			
Journal Article	Eterovick, Paula Cabral;Sazima, Ivan	1998	New species of Proceratophrys (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from Southeastern Brazil		Copeia			1998	1	159-164		weberet@construtel.com.br	
Journal Article	Evans, B. J.;Morales, J. C.;Picker, M. D.;Melnick, D. J.;Kelley, D. B.	1998	Absence of extensive introgression between Xenopus gilli and Xenopus laevis laevis (Anura: Pipidae) in southwestern Cape Province, South Africa		Copeia			1998	2	504-509		DBK: dbk3@columbia.edu	
Journal Article	Evans, Susan E.;Chure, Daniel C.	1998	Paramacellodid lizard skulls from the Jurassic Morrison Formation at Dinosaur National Monument, Utah		Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology			18	1	99-114			
Book Section	Faeh, Sandra A.;Nichols, Donald K.;Beasley, Val R.	1998	Infectious diseases of amphibians	Lannoo, M. J.	Status & Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians	Iowa City	University of Iowa Press			259-265			
Journal Article	Faivovich, Julian	1998	Comments on the larvae of the Argentine species of the genus Crossodactylus (Leptodactylidae, Hylodinae)		Alytes			16	1-2	61-67		julfai@muanbe.gov.ar	
Journal Article	Farabaugh, J.A.	1998	Put some pow into your practice.		ARAV 5th Ann. Conf. Sept 26-29					77-81	Reptilia, serpentes, sauria, testudines, general		
Journal Article	Faragher, S. G.;Jaeger., R. G.	1998	Tadpole bullies: examining mechanisms of competition in a community of larval anurans		Canadian Journal of Zoology			76		144-153			
Journal Article	Farkas, Balázs;Gyurján, István	1998	Geographic Distribution. Cyclemys dentata		Herpetological Review			29	1	50			
Journal Article	Farkas, Balázs;Gyurján, István	1998	Geographic Distribution. Notochelys platynota		Herpetological Review			29	1	50			
Journal Article	Farkas, Balázs;Fritz, Uwe;Jendretzke, Norbert;Schneeweiss, Norbert	1998	Morphological differences between pond turtles (Emys orbicularis) from the Hungarian Lowlands, eastern Poland, and northeastern Germany		Mertensiella			10		89-94		Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum Allattára, H-1431 Budapest, Pf. 137, Hungary	
Journal Article	Farkas, B.;Fritz, U.	1998	On the identity of Rafetus swinhoei (Gray, 1873) and Pelochelys maculatus (Heude,1880)		Zool. Abh. Staatl. Mus. Tierkd. Dresden			50	5	59-75	Rafetus swinhoei		
Book Section	Farrar, Eugenia S.;Hey, Jane D.	1998	Status of Plains Spadefoot Toads in western Iowa	Lannoo, M. J.	Status & Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians	Iowa City	University of Iowa Press			72-78			
Journal Article	Farriols, Aresté;Farriols, J. L.	1998	Cerastes cerastes Vibora cornuda, Horned vipers (Linnaeus, 1758)		Reptilia (E)				14	39-42			
Journal Article	Fearn, Simon	1998	A range extension for the scrub python Morelia amethistina (Serpentes: Boidae): a record from Magnetic Island, North Queensland		Herpetofauna			28	2	39-40		18 Olympus Crescent, Arcadia, Magnetic Island, QLD 4819, Australia	
Journal Article	Feldmann, Reiner	1998	Die Punktgenaue Fixierung faunistischer Nachweise im Gauß-Krüger-Netz unter Verwendung von Planzeiger und Global Positioning System (GPS) [Exact topographical fixing of faunistic records in German Grid. How to use "Planzeiger" and Global Positioning System (GPS)]		Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie			5		229-233		Pfarrer-Wiggen-Str.	
Journal Article	Feller, A. E.;Hedges, S. B.	1998	Molecular evidence for the early history of living amphibians		Mol Phylogenet Evol			9	3	509-16		The evolutionary relationships of the three orders of living amphibians (lissamphibians) has been difficult to resolve, partly because of their specialized morphologies. Traditionally, frogs and salamanders are considered to be closest relatives, and all three orders are thought to have arisen in the Paleozoic (>250 myr). Here, we present evidence from the DNA sequences of four mitochondrial genes (2.7 kilobases) that challenges the conventional hypothesis and supports a salamander-caecilian relationship. This, in light of the fossil record and distribution of the families, suggests a more recent (Mesozoic) origin for salamanders and caecilians directly linked to the initial breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea. We propose that this single geologic event isolated salamanders and archaeobatrachian frogs on the northern continents (Laurasia) and the caecilians and neobatrachian frogs on the southern continents (Gondwana). Among the neobatrachian frog families, molecular evidence supports a South American clade and an African clade, inferred here to be the result of mid-Cretaceous vicariance. Copyright 1998 Academic Press.	
Journal Article	Feriche, Mónica	1998	Ecología de la reproducción en colúbridos del sureste de la Península Ibérica		Revista Española de Herpetología			12		115-116			
Journal Article	Fernandes, Ronaldo;Porto, Marcovan;Caramaschi, Ulisses	1998	The taxonomic status of Heterorhachis poecilolepis Amaral, 1923		Journal of Herpetology			32	1	139-141		Departmento de Vertebrados, Museo Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 20940-040 Río de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil	
Journal Article	Ferrari, Lucrecia	1998	Tolerance of high elecrolytic and non-electrolytic osmolarities in Bufo arenarum premetamorphic tadpoles under organism density stress		Alytes			15	4	171-175		prodea@mail.unlu.edu.ar	
Journal Article	Ferreira, Vanda Lúcia;Outeiral, Arlete Ballestrin	1998	Mastigodryas bifossatus (Jararaca do Banhado). Tail breakage		Herpetological Review			29	4	242			
Journal Article	Ferri, Vencenzo;Di Cerbo, Anna Rita;Pellegrini, Mario	1998	"Serranella Emys Project" - preservation initiatives of Emys orbicularis populations in Abruzzo		Mertensiella			10		95-101		Centro Studi erpetologici "Emys" of SISN, Corso Venezia 55, I-20121 Milano, Italy	
Journal Article	Ferriero, Carmen;Miller, Scott;Chapman, Matthew;Ducey, Peter K.	1998	Gyrinophilus porphyriticus (Spring Salamander). Coloration		Herpetological Review			29	4	229			
Journal Article	Fieler, Carrie L.;Jayne, Bruce C.	1998	Effects of speed on the hindlimb kinematics of the lizard Dipsosaurus dorsalis		Journal of Experimental Biology			201		609-622			
Journal Article	Filippi, Ernesto;Luiselli, Luca	1998	Hierophis viridiflavus (Western Whip Snake). Nesting habitat		Herpetological Review			29	2	104		Dept. of Animal and Human Biol., Univ. of Rome "La Sapienza," via Alfonso Borelli 50, I-00161 Rome, Italy	
Journal Article	Firth, B. T.;Belan, I.	1998	Daily and seasonal rhythms in selected body temperatures in the Australian lizard Tiliqua rugosa(Scindae): field and laboratory observations		Physiological Zoology			71	3	303-311	thermoregulatory behavior		
Journal Article	Firth, bruce T.;Belan, Ingrid	1998	daily and seasonal rhythms in selected body temperatures in the Australian lizard Tiliqua rugosa (Scincidae): Field and laboratory observations		Physiological Zoology			71	3	303-311			
Journal Article	Fischer, Christian	1998	Bestandsgrößen von Grafrosch - Laichgesellschaften (Rana temporaria) im nordwestdeutschen Tiefland - Auswertung von Laichballenzählungen an 448 Gewässern [Grass frog )Rana temporaria) population sizes in the lowland of North-western Germany - analysis of spawn clump countings at 448 breeding sites]		Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie			5		15-30		ALNUS GbR, Konrad-Adenauer-Str. 18a, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany	
Journal Article	Fitch, Henry	1998	The Sharon Springs roundup and prairie rattlesnake demography		Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science			101	3-4	101-113	Crotalus atrox, C. adamanteus, C. horridus, C. viridus, populations samples		
Book	Fitch, Henry S.	1998 (1999)	A Kansas Snake Community: Composition and Changes over 50 Years			Malabar, FL	Krieger			xii, 165			
Journal Article	Fite, Katherine V.;Blaustein, Andrew;Bengston, Lynn;Hewitt, Heather E.	1998	Evidence of retinal light damage in Rana cascadae: A declining amphibian species		Copeia			1998	4	906-914		kfite@psych.umass.edu	
Journal Article	Fitzgerald, S.D.;Moisan, P.G.;Bennett, R.	1998	Aural polyp associated with cryptosporidiosis in an iguana (Iguana iguana)		Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation			10	2	179-180	Reptilia, sauria, Iguanan iguana, pathology, tumor, polyp,	SD Fitzgerald, Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Anim Hlth Diagnost Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA	
Thesis	FitzGibbon, S.	1998	The diving physiology and dive behavior of an undescribed turtle (Elseya sp.) from the Mary River, Queensland			55		
Journal Article	Fitzsimmons, N.N.	1998	Single paternity of clutches and sperm storage in the promiscuous green turtle (Chelonia mydas)		Molecular Ecology			7		575-584	green; paternity; dna		
Journal Article	Fleet, Robert R.;Rainwater, Fred C.	1998	Geographic distribution. Chelydra serpentina serpentina		Herpetological Review			29	4	247			
Journal Article	Floyd, Peter S.;Floyd, Peter S., Jr.;Floyd, Jonathan D.	1998	Geographic distribution. Amphiuma pholeter		Herpetological Review			29	4	244			
Journal Article	Foley, Sean C.	1998	Notes on the captive maintenance and reproduction of Oates' twig snake (Thelotornis capensis oatesii)		Herpetological Review			29	3	160-161		spfaff@scsn.net	
Journal Article	Ford, Neil B.	1998	Book review: Contributions to West Indian Herpetology: A Tribute to Albert Schwartz		Copeia			1998	1	258-259		Dept. of Biol., Univ. of Texas, Tyler, TX 75799, USA	
Journal Article	Forstner, Michael R. J.;Dixon, James R.;Forstner, Jenna M.;Davis, Scott K.	1998	Apparent hybridization between Cnemidophorus gularis and Cnemidophorus septemvittatus from an area of sympatry in Southwest Texas		Journal of Herpetology			32	3	418-425		Forstner@fau.edu	
Journal Article	Forstner, J. M.;Forstner, M. R. J.;Dixon, James R.	1998	Ontogenetic effects on prey selection and food habits of two sympatric east Texas ranids: the southern leopard frog, Rana sphenocephala, and the bronze frog, Rana clamitans clamitans		Herpetological Review			29	4	208-211		forstner@fau.edu	
Journal Article	Foster, Jim	1998	The Froglife Common Species Project		British Herpetological Society Bulletin				65	33-37		Froglife, Triton House, Bramfield, Halesworth, Suffolk IP19 9AE, Great Britain	
Journal Article	Fowler, Ian R.;Graça Salomão, Maris da;Santos Jordão, Rosana dos	1998 (1999)	A description of the female reproductive cycle in four species from the neotropica; colubrid snake Philodryas (Colubridae, Xenodontidae)		The Snake			28	1-2	71-78		Laboratório de Herpetologia, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil 1500-Butantã, CEP 05503-900, São Paulo, Brazil	
Journal Article	Fox, Stanley F.;Conder, Jason M.;Smith, Allie E.	1998	Sexual dimorphism in the ease of tail autotomy: Uta stansburiana with and without previous tail loss		Copeia			1998	2	376-382		foxstan@okway.okstate.edu	
Journal Article	Foxmar, Marietta	1998	Hold og opdræt af amerikanske æskeskildpadder		Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening			41	1	11-14	Terrapene carolina	Byvej 39, Algestrup, 4682 Tureby, Denmark	
Journal Article	Franklin, Carl J.	1998	Chameleo oweni (Owen's Chameleon). Reproduction		Herpetological Review			29	1	41		Dallas Zoo, Dept. of Herpetol., 650 R.L. Thornton Freeway (I-35E), Dallas, TX 75203, USA	
Journal Article	Franklin, Carl J.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Rana sphenocephala utricularius		Herpetological Review			29	1	50			
Journal Article	Franklin, Carl J.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Lampropeltis calligaster		Herpetological Review			29	1	53			
Journal Article	Franklin, Carl J.;Glaze, Dixon	1998	Geographic Distribution. Terrapene ornata		Herpetological Review			29	2	109			
Journal Article	Franzen, Michael	1998	Erstnachweis von Acanthodactylus schreiberi schreiberi Boulenger, 1879 Für die Türkei (Squmata: Sauria: Lacertidae) [First locality record of Acanthodactylus schreiberi schreiberi Boulenger, 1879 for Turkey (Squamata: Sauria: Lacertidae)]		Herpetozoa			11	1/2	27-36		Hauptstraße 1a, D-85467 Oberneuching, Germany	
Journal Article	Freilich, Jerry E.;LaRue, E. L., Jr	1998	Importance of observer experience in finding desert tortoises		Journal of Wildlife Management			62	2	590-596			jfreilich@rmisp.com
Journal Article	Freire, Eliza Maria Xavier	1998	Geographic distribution. Sibon nebulata		Herpetological Review			29	3	178			
Journal Article	Freire, Eliza Maria Xavier	1998	Diferenciação geográfica em Gymnodactylus darwinii (Gray, 1845) (Sauria, Gekkonidae)		Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia			40	20	311-322	Sauria, Gekkonidae, geographic differentiation		
Journal Article	Fretey, Jacques;Lescure, Jean	1998	Les turtues marines en Guyane Française bilan de vingt ans de recherche et de conservation		JATBA, Revue d'Ethnobiologie			40	1-2	219-238			
Journal Article	Fretey, J.;Lescure, J.	1998	Les tortues marines en Guyane Française: bilan de vingt ans de recherche et de conservation		JATBA, Revue d'Ethnobiologie			40	1-2	219-238	leatherback; green; ridley; sex ratio; tsd		
Journal Article	Frick, Michael G.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Kinosternon baurii		Herpetological Review			29	1	50			
Journal Article	Frick, Michael G.;Mason, Peri A.	1998	Lepidochelys kempi (Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtle). Diet		Herpetological Review			29	3	166-168		Savannah Science Museum, Carretta Research Project, 4405 Paulsen Street, Savannah, GA 31405, USA	
Journal Article	Frick, Michael G.;Williams, Kristina L.;Robinson, Michael	1998	Epibionts associated with nesting loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) in georgia, USA		Herpetological Review			29	4	211-214		Caretta05@aol.com	
Journal Article	Frick, Michael G.	1998	Caretta caretta (Loggerhead Sea Turtle). Predation		Herpetological Review			29	4	234-235			
Journal Article	Fritz, Uwe;Obst, Fritz Jürgen	1998	Neue Schildkröten aus Südostasien Teil I. Platysternidae und Bataguridae (Cuora) [New Chelonians from Southeast Asia. Part I. Platysternidae and Bataguridae (Cuora)]		Sauria			20	4	9-22		Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde Dresden, Forschungsstelle, Augustusstr. 2, D-01067 Dresden, Germany	
Journal Article	Fritz, Uwe	1998	Which subspecies of Emys orbicularis occurs in northern Catalonia?		Mertensiella			10		296		Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde, Forschungsstelle, Augustusstraße 2, D-01067 Dresden, Germany	
Journal Article	Fritz, Uwe;Pieh, Alexander;Lenk, Peter;Mayol, Joan;Sättele, Bettina;Wink, Michael	1998	Is Emys orbicularis introduced on Majorca?		Mertensiella			10		123-133		Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde, Forschungsstelle, Augustusstraße 2, D-01067 Dresden, Germany	
Journal Article	Fritz, Uwe;Baran, Ibrahim;Budak, Abidin;Amthauer, Eike	1998	Some notes on the morphology of Emys orbicularis in Anatolia, especially on E. o. luteofusca and E. o. colchica, with the description of a new subspecies from southeastern Turkey		Mertensiella			10		103-121		Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde, Forschungsstelle, Augustusstraße 2, D-01067 Dresden, Germany	
Journal Article	Fritz, Uwe	1998	Introduction to zoogeography and subspecific differentiation in Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus, 1758)		Mertensiella			10		1-27		Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde, Forschungsstelle, Augustusstraße 2, D-01067 Dresden, Germany	
Edited Book	Fritz, Uwe;Joger, Ulrich;Podloucky, Richard;Servan, Jean;Buskirk, James R.	1998	Proceedings of the Emys Symposium, Dresden 96			Rheinbach, Germany	DGHT			vi, 302			
Journal Article	Frost, Darrel	1998	Graduate education and natural history museums		Herpetologica			54	Suppl.	S17-S21		Dept. of Herpetology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th St., New York, NY 10024-5192, USA	
Journal Article	Frost, Darrel R.;Crafts, Heather M.;Fitzgerald, Lee A.;Titus, Tom A.	1998	Geographic variation, species recognition, and molecular evolution of Cytochrome Oxidase I in the Tropidurus spinulosis complex (Iguania: Tropiduridae)		Copeia			1998	4	839-851		frost@amnh.org	
Journal Article	Fu, J.	1998	Toward the phylogeny of the family Lacertidae: implications from mitochondrial DNA 12S and 16S gene sequences (Reptilia: Squamata)		Mol Phylogenet Evol			9	1	118-30		A phylogeny of the family Lacertidae was derived from mtDNA gene sequence data. Seventeen species, representing 16 currently recognized genera and subgenera, were included in the analysis. A total of 954 bp was obtained and aligned from 12S and 16S partial gene sequences. A preferred tree was selected based on weighted parsimony and functional ingroup and outgroup analyses. Decay analysis, bootstrapping, and permutation tail probability were used to evaluate support for the recovered nodes. The genus Gallotia was resolved as the basal taxon and the sister group of all remaining lacertids. Takydromus branched off next. All African lacertids grouped together and formed a monophyletic clade with the Eurasian genera Eremias and Ophisops. The remaining Eurasian lacertids sequentially branched off near the base of the tree in a "comb-like" fashion. The basal position of Gallotia and the monophyly of African lacertids are consistent with previous hypotheses. The European-origin hypothesis of lacertids is favored, and the distribution of lacertids in Africa is likely a Miocene dispersal event. Most of the extant European lacertids probably arose after the Eocene. The classification of the family needs to be revised.	
Journal Article	Fu, Jinzhong;MacCulloch, Ross D.;Murphy, Robert W.;Darevsky, Ilya S.;Kupriyanova, Larissa A.	1998	The parthenogentic rock lizard Lacerta unisexualis: An example of limited genetic polymorphism		Journal of Molecular Evolution			46		127-130			
Journal Article	Fuenmayor, Gilson Rivas	1998	Geographic distribution. Atelopus cruciger		Herpetological Review			29	3	172			
Journal Article	Fuenmayor, Gilson Rivas;Molina R., César R.	1998	Geographic distribution. Pseustes shropshirei		Herpetological Review			29	3	178			
Journal Article	Fuller, S.;Baverstock, P.;King, D.	1998	Biogeographic origins of goannas (Varanidae): a molecular perspective		Mol Phylogenet Evol			9	2	294-307		This project aims to clarify the phylogenetic relationships among the extant species of Varanus in order to elucidate the origins of Varanidae, using DNA sequences. Results obtained for a minimum of 662 nucleotides of 12S rRNA sequence data from each of 21 extant species of Varanus indicate that the Australian varanids form a single monophyletic clade and also suggest that within the Australian varanids, members of the subgenus Odatria (pygmy monitors) may from a clade separate from those in the subgenus Varanus (large monitors). The Asian species appear to be sister taxa to the Australian species, while the two African species investigated were most divergent, suggesting that the Varanidae are not Gondwanic in origin. Hypothesis testing analyses were performed and involved constraining the 12S sequence data according to previously described topologies and testing the difference using parametric and nonparametric statistics. The phylogeny generated using 12S sequence data was statistically different from previously described morphological trees, while there was some support for topologies based on chomosomal and immunological datasets. Overall, our results suggest that the Australian species may be derived from an Asian source and are, therefore, in agreement with the hypothesis based on the fossil record suggesting that Varanidae may be Asian in origin.	
Journal Article	Futuyma, D. J.	1998	Wherefore and whither the naturalist?		The American Naturalist			151	1	1-6	naturalist, natural history, reptiles, amphibians, evolution		
Journal Article	Gabor, C. R.;Halliday, T. R.	1998	Sequential mate choice by multiply mating smooth newts: females become more choosy		Behavioral Ecology			8	2	162-166	Amphibia, models, sexual selection, Urodela, Triturus vulgaris		
Journal Article	Gad, Jürgen	1998	Beobachtungen zum Paarungsverhalten von Geoemyda spengleri [Observations on the mating behavior of Geoemyda spengleri]		Salamandra			34	4	323-332		Hahnheimer Straße 5, D-55578 Wolfsheim, Germany	
Journal Article	Gaikhorst, Glen	1998	Notes on reproduction in captive Ctenotus severus (Lacertilia: Scincidae)		Herpetofauna			28	2	22-24		Armadale Reptile Centre, Lot 55, Southwest Highway, Wungong 6112, Australia	
Journal Article	Gaites, Steve	1998	Captive breeding and rearing of Hong Kong newts (Paramesotriton hongkongensis)		British Herpetological Society Bulletin				63	13-15		23 New Roadm Buckland, Portsmouth, PO2 7QN, Great Britain	
Journal Article	Gal, J.;Satorhelyi, T.	1998	Entamoeba colonitis in Bell's hinge-back tortoise (Kinixys belliana)		Magyar Allatorvosok Lapja			120	4	218-220	Reptilia, testudines, Bell's hinge-back tortoise, Kinixys belliana, infection, protozoa, Entamoeba	The authors have diagnosed entamoeba colonitis (dysentery) in Bell's hinge-back tortoise as the cause of death. This is the first reported case in the international literature. The development of the disease was supported by the factor that the animals originated from Africa did not eat due to cold weather for many days. Consequently, the entamoebas living in the gut as commensalists used a mucinic matter produced by enterocytes for encystation. Entamoebas caused a necrotic colitis (dysentery) in the large intestines. Treatment may be carried out with dimetridasole using a dose of 40 mg, kg b.w. for 5 days orally or metronidasole using a dose of 75 mg, kg b.w. for 5 days orally. The treatment could be more effective when the temperature in the terrarium is increased because entamoeba hardly tolerate a temperature higher than 34 degrees C. The authors have called the attention of tortoise keepers and veterinarians specialized for reptiles that the tropic tortoises kept under inadequate conditions are not willing to eat and entamoebas living normally as commensalists in the gut may turn into harmful parasites causing entamoeba dysentery. J Gal, Aote, Korbonctani Igazsagugyi, Allatorvostani Tanszek, U2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary	
Journal Article	Galatti, Ulisses;Yuki, Rubens Nobuo	1998	Pseudoboa coronata (False Coral Snake). Diet		Herpetological Review			29	1	46		yuki@museu-goeldi.br	
Journal Article	Galina, Patricia;Blazquez, Carmen;Veiga, Jose P.;Salvador, Alfredo	1998	Cnemidophorus hyperythrus (Orange-throated whiptail) and Callisaurus draconoides (Zebra-tailed lizard). Predation and diet		Herpetological Review			29	4	237			
Book	Gamble, Tony	1998	A bibliography to the genus Eublepharis (Gray, 1827) (Eublepharidae, Sauria)			Bloomington, MN	T. Gamble			51			
Edited Book	Gans, Carl;Gaunt, Abbot S.	1998	Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 19, Morphology G. Visceral Organs			St Louis, MO	SSAR			xiv + 660			
Journal Article	Gao, Wenyuan;Wiederhold, Michael L.;Hejl, Robert	1998	Ultrastructure of the endolymphatic sac in the larva of the japanese red-bellied newt Cynops pyrrhogaster		Cell Tissue Research			291		5549-559			
Journal Article	Gao, Wenyuan;Wiederhold, Michael L.;Hejl, Robert	1998	Production of otoconia in the endolymphatic sac in the Japanese red-bellied newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster: light and transmission electron microscope study		Acta Otolaryngol. (Stockh)			118		540-548			
Journal Article	Garcia, José Julian;Gosá, Alberto;Alcalde, Juan Tomás	1998	Artrópodos depredando lagartijas del género Podarcis		Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Española				9	27-28			
Journal Article	García-París, M.;Alcobendas, M.;Alberch, P.	1998	Influence of the Guadalquivir River Basin on Mitochondrial DNA evolution of Salamandra salamandra (Caudata: Salamandridae) from Southern Spain		Copeia			1998	1	173-176		mariogp@uclink4.berkeley.edu	
Journal Article	Garrido, Michelle	1998	There's a new homepage in herp town!		Reptiles			6	2	90-91			
Journal Article	Gaulke, Maren;Abel, Franz;Erdelen, Walter;Fritz, Uwe	1998	Notes on the herpetofauna of North Sumatra		Hamadryad			23	1	78-82		Helene-Mayer-Ring 14 (18 st.), 80809 München, Germany	
Journal Article	Gaulke, Maren;Fritz, Uwe	1998	Distribution patterns of batagurid turtles in the Philippines (Testudines: Bataguridae: Cuora, Cyclemys, Heosemys)		Herpetozoa			11	1/2	3-12		Helene-Mayer-Ring 14 (18. st.), D-80809 München, Germany	
Journal Article	Gaulke, M.	1998	Utilization and conservation of lizards and snakes in the Philippines		Mertensiella			9		137-142		Bodenseestr. 300, 81249 Muunchen, Germany	
Journal Article	Gay, Serge;Lebraud, Christian	1998	Some notes on the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis) in Gard and Hérault		Mertensiella			10		297		Association "La Cistude", Chemin de la Balajade, F-34980 Combaillaux, France	
Journal Article	Geoffrey, W	1998	Ketamine sedation followed by propofol anesthesia in a slider, Trachemys scripta, to facilitate removal of an esophageal foreign body		Bulletin of the Association of reptilian and amphibian veterinarians			8	1	16-17	Reptilia, Testudines, slider turtle Trachemys scripta, pathology, foreign body, esophagus, narcosis, anesthesia, ketamine		
Journal Article	Gergus, Erik W. A.	1998	Systematics of the Bufo microscaphus complex: Allozyme evidence		Herpetologica			54	3	317-325		Dept. of Zoology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1501, USA	
Journal Article	Gerlach, Justin;Canning, Laura	1998	Taxonomy of Indian Ocean giant tortoises (Dipsochelys)		Chelonian Conservation and Biology			3	1	3-19	Morphology; taxonomy; systematics; phylogeny; Aldabra; Seychelles; Madagascar	gerlach@bogo.co.uk	
Journal Article	Gerlach, Justin;Canning, Laura	1998	Identification of Seychelles giant tortoises		Chelonian Conservation and Biology			3	1	133-135		gerlach@bogo.co.uk	
Journal Article	Germano, David J.	1998	Scutes and age determination of Desert Tortoises revisisted		Copeia			1998	2	482-484		dgermano@csubak.edu	
Journal Article	Germano, David J.;Bury, R. Bruce	1998	Age determination in turtles: Evidence of annual deposition of scute rings		Chelonian Conservation and Biology			3	1	123-132		DGermano@csubak.edu	
Journal Article	Giaretta, Ariovaldo A.;Aguiar, Odair, Jr	1998	A new species of Megaelosia from the Mantiqueira Range, Southeastern Brazil		Journal of Herpetology			32	1	80-83		giaretta@obelix.unicamp.br	
Journal Article	Giaretta, A. A.;Sawaya, R. J.	1998	Second species of Psyllophryne (Anura: Brachycephalidae)		Copeia			1998	4	985-987		giaretta@bestway.com.br	
Journal Article	Gibbons, J. Whitfield	1998	Graduate education at a field research laboratory: facing the challenge		Herpetologica			54	Suppl.	S21-S30		Savannah River Ecology Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, USA	
Journal Article	Gibbons, J. Whitfield;Congdon, Justin D.	1998	Joshua Laerm 1942-1997		Copeia			1998	3	821-822		gibbons@srel.edu	
Journal Article	Gilbertson, H.;Watermolen., D. J.	1998	Notes on wrinkled frog (Rana rugosa) tadpoles from Hawaii		Bulletin Of The Chicago Herpetological Society			33		5-59			
Journal Article	Girard, Francis	1998	Bitis arietans (Merrem, 1820); Puff Adder		African Herp News				28	34		167 Bd. Vincent Auriol, 75103 Paris, France	
Journal Article	Giraudo, Alejandro R.;Bosso, Andrés	1998	Herpetofauna associated with Eryngium paniculatum shrub in subtropical savannahs from the northeast of Argentina		British Herpetological Society Bulletin				63	34-36		inali@arcride.edu.ar	
Journal Article	Giraudo, Alejandro R.;Schrocchi, Gustavo J.	1998	A new species of Apostolepis (Serpentes: Colubridae) and comments on the genus in Argentina		Herpetologica			54	4	470-476		CONICET, Instituto Nacional de Limnología, José Maciá 1933, 3016 Santo Tomé, Santa Fe, Argentina	
Journal Article	Girondot, M.;Fouillet, H.;Pieau, C.	1998	Feminizing turtle embryos as a conservation tool		Conservation Biology			12	2	353-362	tsd; sex ratio; leatherback; hatchery		
Thesis	Giroux, D.J.	1998	Lake Apopka revisited: A correlational analysis of nesting anomalies and DDT contaminants					
Journal Article	Glandt, Dieter;Schlüpmann, Martin;Thiesmeier, Burkhard	1998	Herpetologische Beobachtungen in der Algarve, Südportugal [Herpetological observations in the Algarve, southern Portugal]		Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie			5		181-208		bim.glandt@t-online.de	
Journal Article	Glaw, Frank;Köhler, Jörn	1998	Amphibian species diversity exceeds that of mammals		Herpetological Review			29	1	11-12		uzs13b@uni-bonn.de	
Journal Article	Glaw, Frank;Köhler, Jörn;Lötters, Stefan;Vences, Miguel	1998	Vorläufige List un Bibliographie neubeschriebener Amphibienarten und -unterarten von 1993 bis 1997 [Preliminary list and references of newly described amphibians species and subspecies between 1993 and 1997]		Elaphe			6	1	41-72		Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhausenstr. 21, D-81247 München, Germany	
Journal Article	Glaw, Frank;Köhler, Jörn;Lötters, Stefan;Vences, Miguel	1998	Vorläufe liste und bibliographie neubeschriebener amphibienarten und-unterarten von 1993 bis 1997		Elaphe			6	1	1-24	Salamandra lanzai, Atelopus chocoensis, Colostethus betancuri, C. furviventris, C. yaguara, Phrynomedusa bokermanni , P. vanzolinii, Afrixalus dabagae, Eleutherodactylus nahuelbutensis, Leptolalax pictus, Rana terentievi		
Journal Article	Glaw, F.;Kohler, J.	1998	Amphibian species diversity exceeds that of mammals		Herpetological Review			29	1	8-10	biodiversity		
Journal Article	Glaw, Frank;Vences, Miguel;Böhme, Wolfgang	1998	Systematic revision of the genus Aglyptodactylus Boulenger, 1919 (Amphibia: Ranidae), and analysis of its phylogenetic relationships to other Madagascan ranid genera (Tomopterna, Boophis, Mantidactylus, and Mantella)		J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Research			36		17-37			
Journal Article	Glenn, Travis C.;Dessauer, Herbert C.;Braun, Michael J.	1998	Characterization of microsatellite DNA loci in American Alligators		Copeia			1998	3	591-601		Travis.Glenn@sc.edu	
Journal Article	Glenn, T.C.;Dessauer, H.C.;Braun, M.J.	1998	Characteristics of microsatellite DNA loci in American alligators		Copeia			1998	3	591-601	AM, genetics, taxonomy,		
Journal Article	Glor, Richard E.;Powell, Robert;Parmerlee, John S.	1998	Cyclura ricordii		Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles				657	1-3		Section of Ecology and Systematics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA	
Journal Article	Godfrey, Matthew H.;Barreto, R.	1998	Dermochelys coriacea (Leatherback Sea Turtle). Copulation		Herpetological Review			29	1	40-41		Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Toronto, Toronto, ONT M5S 3G5, Canada	
Journal Article	Godley, B.J.;Gaywood, M.J.;Law, R.J.;McCarthy, C.J.;McKenzie, C.;Patterson, I.A.P.;Penrose, R.S.;Reid, R.J.;Ross, H.M.	1998	Patterns of marine turtle mortality in British waters (1992-1996) with reference to tissue contaminant levels		Journal of Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom			78		973-984	loggerhead; leatherback; accidental capture; migration		
Journal Article	Godley, B.J.;Gücü, A.C.;Broderick, A.C.;Furness, R.W.;Solomon, S.E.	1998	Interaction between marine turtles and artisanal fisheries in the eastern Mediterranean: a probable cause for concern?		Zoology in the Middle East			16		49-64	loggerhead; green; accidental capture		
Journal Article	Godley, B.J.;Thompson, D.R.;Waldron, S.;Furness, R.W.	1998	The trophic status of marine turtles as determined by stabe isotope analysis		Marine Ecology Progress Series			166		277-284	loggerhead; leatherback; Green; feeding		
Journal Article	Goff, M.;Salmon, M.;Lohmann, K. J.	1998	Hatchling sea turtles use surface waves to establish a magnetic compass direction		Animal Behavior			55		69-77	loggerhead; orientation		
Journal Article	Goldberg, Stephen R.;Bursey, Charles R.;Esparza, Hector Gadsden	1998	Cnemidophorus tigris, Uta stansburiana (Western Whiptail, Side-blotched Lizard). Endoparasites from México		Herpetological Review			29	4	237			
Journal Article	Goldberg, Stephen R.;Bursey, Charles R.;Fong G., Ansel	1998	Cricosaura typica (Cuban Night Lizard). Endoparasites		Herpetological Review			29	4	237-238			
Journal Article	Goldberg, Stephen R.;Bursey, Charles R.;Esparza, Hector Gadsden	1998	Uma exsul, Uma paraphygas (Fringe-toed Sand Lizard, Chihuahua Fring-toed Lizard). Endoparasites		Herpetological Review			29	4	240			
Journal Article	Goldberg, S.R.;Bursey, C.R.;Cheam, H.	1998	Helminths of two native frog species (Rana chiricahuensis, Rana yavapaiensis yavapaiensis) and one introduced frog species (Rana catesbeiana) (Ranidae) from Arizona		Journal of Parasitology			84	1	175-177	Amphibia, anura, frog, Rana chiricahuensis, Rana yavapaiensi syavapaiensis, Rana catesbeiana, infection, helminth, nematode	The gastrointestinal tracts, lungs, urinary bladders, and body cavities of Rana catesbeiana (n = 25), Rana chiricahuensis (n = 25), and Rana yavapaiensis (N = 37) from Arizona were examined for helminths. Helminths representing 9 species of trematodes: Cephalogonimus brevicirrus, Glypthelmins quieta, Gorgoderina attenuata, Haematoloechus complexus, Haematoloechus longiplexus, Megalodiscus temperatus, Alaria sp., Clinostomum sp., and an unidentified strigeid; and 4 species of nematodes: Falcaustra catesbeianae, Rhabdias ranae, Physaloptera sp., and an unidentified ascarid were found. The helminth fauna of introduced R. catesbeiana differed markedly from that of native ranids. Helminths of R. chiricahuensis and R. yavapaiensis represent new host records. Arizona is a new locality record for C. brevicirrus, G. attenuata, H. complexus, H. longiplexus, M. temperatus, and R. ranae. SR Goldberg, Whittier Coll, Dept Biol, Whittier, CA 90608 USA	
Journal Article	Goldberg, S.R.;Bursey, C.R.;Holshuh, H.J.	1998	Prevalence and distribution of cystacanths of an oligacanthorhyncid acanthocephalan from the longnose snake, Rhinocheilus lecontei (Colubridae), in southwestern North America		Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington			65	2	262-265	Reptilia, serpentes, snake, Rhinocheilus lecontei, infection, acanthocephala, Rhinocheilus lecontei	Cystacanths of an oligacanthorhynchid acanthocephalan were found in 161 of 554 (29%) Rhinocheilus lecontei from southwestern North America: Arizona, 134, 311 (43%); California, 4, 107 (4%); Texas, 2, 23 (9%); Mexico, 21, 53 (40%). No cystacanths were found in R. lecontei from Nevada (0, 42), New Mexico (0, 17), or Utah (0, 1). Infections varied from few cystacanths to many cystacanths per snake, but a tissue inflammatory reaction was not observed. The geographic distribution of oligacanthorhynchid cystacanths in R. lecontei suggests that these cystacanths are most prevalent in Arizona and Mexico. SR Goldberg, Whittier Coll, Dept Biol, Whittier, CA 90608 USA	
Journal Article	Goldberg, Stephen R.;Bursey, Charles R.;Cheam, Hay	1998	Composition and structure of helminth communities of the salamanders, Aneides lugubris, Batrachoseps nigriventris, Ensatina eschscholtzii (Plethodontidae), and Taricha torosa (Salamandridae) from California		Journal of Parasitology			84	2	248-251			
Journal Article	Goldberg, Stephen R.;Bursey, Charles R.;Wu, Mei Q.	1998	Composition of the helminth community of a montane population of the coastal whiptail, Cnemidophorus tigris multiscutatus (Sauria: Teiidae) from Los Angeles County, California		Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences			97	2	82-85			
Journal Article	Goldberg, Stephen R.;Bursey, Charles R.;Cheam, Hay	1998	Helminths of the lizard Anolis cristatellus (Polychrotidae) from the British Virgin Islands, West Indies		J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash.			65	2	259-262			
Journal Article	Goldberg, Stephen R.;Bursey, Charles R.;Cheam, Hay	1998	Composition of helminth communities in montane and lowland populations of the western fence lizard, Sceloporus occidentalis from Los Angeles County, California		American Midland Naturalist			140		186-191			
Journal Article	Goldberg, S.R.;Bursey, C.R.;Cheam, H.	1998	Helminths of six species of Anolis lizards (Polychrotidae) from Hispaniola, West Indies		Journal of Parasitology			84	6	1291-1295	Reptilia, sauria, anoles, Anolis cristatellus, infection, helminth, trematodes, Mesocoelium monas and Urotrema scabridum; 1 species of cestode, Oochoristica maccoyi; 11 species of nematodes, Atractis scelopori, Oswaldocruzia lenteixeirai, Pampharyngodon cubensis, Skrjabinoptera leiocephalorum, Trichospirura teixeirai, Ascarops sp., Physocephalus sp., Porrocaecum sp., Rhabdias sp., Acuariidae gen. sp. and Cosmocercidae gen. sp	From Hispaniola, an island in the West Indies, 6 species of anoles, Anolis cristatellus, Anolis etheridgei, Anolis eugenegrahami, Anolis hendersoni, Anolis monticola, and Anolis olssoni were examined for helminths. Helminths representing 2 species of trematodes, Mesocoelium monas and Urotrema scabridum; 1 species of cestode, Oochoristica maccoyi; 11 species of nematodes, Atractis scelopori, Oswaldocruzia lenteixeirai, Pampharyngodon cubensis, Skrjabinoptera leiocephalorum, Trichospirura teixeirai, Ascarops sp., Physocephalus sp., Porrocaecum sp., Rhabdias sp., Acuariidae gen. sp. and Cosmocercidae gen. sp.; and 1 species of acanthocephalan, Centrorhynchus sp., were found. Skrjabinoptera leiocephalorum, Ascarops sp., and Physocephalus sp. from A. cristatellus and all helminths recovered from the other 5 anole species represent new host records.	
Journal Article	Goldberg, S.R.;Bursey, C.R.;Cheam, H.	1998	Gastrointestinal helminths of four gekkonid lizards, Gehyra mutilata, Gehyra oceanica, Hemidactylus frenatus and Lepidodactylus lugubris from the Mariana islands, Micronesia		Journal of Parasitology			84	6	1295-1298	Reptilia, sauria, gekko, infection, helminth Nematode, Cestode	The gastrointestinal tracts of gekkonid lizards from Guam (Gehyra mutilata [n = 4], Gehyra oceanica [n = 11], Hemidactylus frenatus [n = 43], and Lepidodactylus lugubris [n = 38]) and Rota (Gehyra oceanica [n = 2], Hemidactylus frenatus [n = 13], and Lepidodacrylus lugubris [N = 20] were examined for helminths. Found were 2 species of cestodes, Cylindrotaenia allisonae, Oochoristica javaensis, 1 species of trematode, Allopharynx macallisteri, and 5 species of nematodes, Pharyngodon lepidodactylus, Spauligodon gehyrae, Spauligodon hemidactylus, Skrjabinelazia machidai, Oswaldocruzia sp. New host records included Gehyra mutilata for Spauligodon hemidactylus, Gehyra oceanica for Oochoristica javaensis, Hemidactylus frenatus for Skjabinelazia machidai, and Lepidodactylus lugubris for Cylindrotaenia allisonae and Oswaldocruzia sp. These helminths are known only from Pacific Islands and the Australian biogeographic realm.	
Journal Article	Golubev, Michael	1998	A new subspecies of Phrynocephalus ornatus Boulenger (Reptilia: Agamidae) from eastern Iran, with a key to south-western and Middle-Asian Microphrynocephalids		Hamadryad			23	2	162-168		mgolubev@uswest.net	
Journal Article	Golubev, Michael	1998	Agama chernovi is a junior synonym of Stellio bochariensis (Sauria: Agamidae)		Hamadryad			22	2	119-120		830 NE Serpentine Place, Seattle, WA 98155-3619, USA	
Journal Article	Gomes, Jorge	1998	La tortuga ibérica más abundante Mauremys leprosa		Reptilia (E)				14	52-54			
Journal Article	Gomes, M. R.;Peixoto, O.L.	1998	Geographic distribution. Hyla dutrai		Herpetological Review			29	3	172-173			
Journal Article	Goniakowska-Witalinska, Lucyna;Kubiczek, Urszula	1998	The structure of the skin of the tree frog (Hyla arborea arborea L.)		Annals of Anatomy			180		237-246			
Journal Article	González-Kirchner, Juan Pedro	1998	Varamiento de una tortuga boba (Caretta caretta) en la playa de Merón, Cantabria		Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Española				9	11-12			
Journal Article	Good, David H.	1998	Misunderstanding the Savannah monitor (Varanus exanthematicus): An argument for changed husbandry		Reptiles			6	2	48-65			
Journal Article	Goodman, Robert H., Jr.;Stewart, Glenn R.	1998	Clemmys marmorata pallida (Southwestern Pond Turtle). Coprophagy		Herpetological Review			29	2	98		Dept. of Biol. Sci., California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, 3801 West Temple Ave., Pomona, CA 91768, USA	
Journal Article	Goodman, Robert H., Jr;Watanabe, Stuart K.;Condon, Keith P.;Pires, Marcelo N.;Benton, Melinda S.	1998	Geographic distribution. Batrachoseps gabrieli		Herpetological Review			29	3	171			
Journal Article	Gopi, K. S.	1998	Observations on Gnaphosid spider preying on Philautus species		Hamadryad			23	1	76		Sundar Wildlife Institute of India, Post Box 18, Chandrabani, Dehradun 248 001, India	
Journal Article	Gordon, A.N.;Kelly, W.R.;Cribb, T.H.	1998	Lesions caused by cardiovascular flukes (Digenea: Spirorchidae) in stranded green turtles (Chelonia mydas)		Veterinary Pathology			35	1	21-30	Reptilia, testudines, Chelonia midas, infection, helminth, trematode, Spirorchidae, cardiovascular diseases	Evidence of infection with spirorchid flukes (Digenea: Spirorchidae) was sought at necropsy of 96 stranded green turtles, Chelonia mydas, that were examined during the course of a survey of marine turtle mortality in southeastern Queensland, Australia. Three species of spirorchid (Hapalotrema mehrai, H. postorchis, and Neospirorchis schistosomatoides) were identified. Severe disease due to spirorchid fluke infection (spirorchidiasis) was implicated as the principal cause of mortality in 10 turtles (10%), and appeared to be one of multiple severe problems in an additional 29 turtles (30%). Although flukes were observed in only 45% of stranded C. mydas in this study, presumed spirorchid fluke infection was diagnosed in an additional 53% of turtles, based principally on characteristic necropsy lesions and to a lesser extent on the histopathological detection of spirorchid eggs. Characteristic necropsy lesions included miliary spirorchid egg granulomas, which were observed most readily on serosal surfaces, particularly of the small intestine. Cardiovascular lesions included mural endocarditis, arteritis, and thrombosis, frequently accompanied by aneurysm formation. Resolution of thrombi was observed to occur via a combination of granuloma formation about indigestible components (spirorchid fluke egg shells) and exteriorization through the vessel wall, which resulted in granulomatous nodules on the adventitial surface. Septic aortic thrombosis complicated by disseminated bacterial infection, observed in five turtles, was recorded for the first time. Egg granulomas were ubiquitous in turtle tissues throughout this study. Although they generally appeared to be mild or incidental lesions, they were occasionally associated with severe multifocal granulomatous pneumonia or meningitis. AN Gordon Univ Queensland Dept Vet Pathol Brisbane Qld 4072, Australia	
Journal Article	Gorzula, Stefan;Señaris, J. Celsa	1998	Contribution to the herpetofauna of the Venezuelan Guyana I. A data base		Scientia Guaianae				8	xviii, 1-269, 32 plates, 2 foldout maps			
Journal Article	Grace, Michael S.	1998	Intracranial stereotaxic surgery on reptiles with external tympanum		Herpetological Review			29	4	221-223		msg5y@virginia.edu	
Journal Article	Graczyk, T. K.;Cranfield, M. R.	1998	Experimental transmission of Cryptosporidium oocyst isolates from mammals, birds and reptiles to captive snakes		Vet Res			29	2	187-95	Animal; Camels; Cattle; Chickens; Cryptosporidiosis/transmission/*veterinary; Guinea Pigs; Male; Mammals; *Poultry Diseases; *Reptiles; *Snakes; Species Specificity; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Turkeys; *Zoonoses	Groups of four to five, 3-month-old rat snakes (Elaphe obsoleta) were separately gastrically inoculated with 2.0 x 10(6) viable oocysts of Cryptosporidium muris (mice and calves), C. muris-like (Bactrian camels), C. wrairi (guinea pigs), C. baileyi (chickens), C. meleagridis (turkeys), Cryptosporidium sp. (turtles, tortoises, chameleons and lizards) and C. serpentis from clinically (fatal case) and subclinically infected snakes. None of the snakes inoculated with oocysts originating from homothermous vertebrates developed infection as determined by histology and serology, whereas all snakes challenged with reptilian oocyst isolates were infected with Cryptosporidium on weeks 6 and 10 post-inoculation (PI). One week 10 PI, the snakes displayed mild to serve, multifocal to widespread, thinning and disorganization of gastric epithelium and nine out of twelve snakes infected by oocysts originating from reptiles other than snakes displayed severe gastric hyperplasia. Three out of ten snakes infected oocysts originating from snakes had ELISA-detectable Cryptosporidium- specific antibody (Ab) titers on week 6 PI; all snakes were Cryptosporidium-seroconverted on week 10 PI and their serum Ab titer significantly increased. The study demonstrated that Cryptosporidium infections in snakes maintained on the diet of rodents or birds cannot be initiated via ingestion of an infected food item; however, snakes can void ingested oocysts. Lack of host specificity among reptiles to this pathogen, demonstrated for the first time in the present study, indicates that snake-attributed C. serpentis is not distinct from Cryptosporidium sp. infecting reptiles other than snakes, and that clinical manifestations and virulence of Cryptosporidium in snakes in modulated by the species of the host. Housing of snakes with other reptiles can enhance transmission of Cryptosporidium to snakes, and therefore should be avoided.	
Journal Article	Graczyk, T. K.;Cranfield, M. R.;Geitner, M. E. A.	1998	Multiple Cryptosporidium serpentis oocyst isolates from captive snakes are not transmissible to amphibians		Journal of Parasitology			84	6	1298-1300	Reptilia, serpentes, Amphibia, anura, infection, protozoa, apicomplexa, cryptosporidium	Viable Cryptosporidium serpentis oocysts originating from 6 captive snakes were gastrically delivered to 12 Cryptosporidium-free African clawed frogs and 9 tadpoles and 3 recently metamorphosed adults of Cryptosporidium-free wood frogs. On days 7 and 14 postinoculation, no life-cycle stage of Cryptosporidium was observed in any of the histological sections of stomach, jejunum, ileum, cloaca, and cecum. However, viable inoculum-derived C. serpentis oocysts were recovered from the water in which the amphibians were kept. Amphibians may disseminate C. serpentis oocysts in the natural habitat.	
Journal Article	Graczyk, T. K.;Cranfield, M. R.;Mann, J.;Strandberg, J. D.	1998	Intestinal Cryptosporidium sp. infection in the Egyptian tortoise, Testudo kleinmanni		International Journal for Parasitology			28	12	1885-1888	Reptilia, testudines, Egyptian tortoise, Testudo kleinmanni, infection, protozoa, apicomplexa, cryptosporidiosis, intestine	An adult Egyptian tortoise (Testudo kleinmanni) presented with clinical signs of enteritis and died 5 weeks after initiation of antibiotic therapy. Histological examination of the small intestine revealed heavy infection with Cryptosporidium sp,; over 80% of epithelial cells harboured the pathogen. No Cryptosporidium developmental stages were present in the stomach or the lungs. The intestinal lamina propria and mucosa were infiltrated by heterophils, lymphocytes and macrophages. The present study constitutes the first report of Cryptosporidium sp. infection in T. kleinmanni, and the first histological documentation of intestinal cryptosporidiosis in Chelonia. (C) 1998 Australian Society for Parasitology. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.	
Journal Article	Graff, Henrik	1998	Er god dyreetik og terrariehobbyen uforenelige størrelser?		Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening			41	3	66-68		Slettevej 77, 4160 Herlufmagle, Denmark	
Journal Article	Graff, Henrik	1998	Terrarietips: En billig og hjemmelavet varmelkilde til det tørre karantæneterrarium		Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening			41	3	69-70		Slettevej 77, 4160 Herlufmagle, Denmark	
Journal Article	Graham, Terry E.;Cobb, Cynthia B.	1998	Sexual dimorphism of neonate Eastern spiny softshells, Apalone spinifera spinifera		Chelonian Conservation and Biology			3	1	111-112		tgraham@worc.mass.edu	
Journal Article	Gramentz, Dieter	1998	Zur Prädation und Antiprädationsstrategie von Cycloderma aubryi (Duméril, 1856) [Antipredation strategy of Cycloderma aubryi]		Salamandra			34	4	349-358		Földerichstraße 7, D-13595 Berlin, Germany	
Journal Article	Gramentz, Dieter	1998	Zur Morphologie und Merkmalsvariation von Cycloderma aubryi (Duméril, 1856) [On the morphology and the variation of the pattern of Cycloderma aubryi (Duméril, 1856)]		Salamandra			34	4	333-348		Földerichstraße 7, D-13595 Berlin, Germany	
Journal Article	Grandolfi, Silvia Maria;Rocha, Carlos Frederico Duarte	1998	Orientation of thermoregulating Tropidurus torquatus (Sauria: Tropiduridae) on termite mounds in an open area of south-eastern Brazil		Amphibia-Reptilia			19	3	319-323		Departamento de Ecologia Geral, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 11461, 05422-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil	
Journal Article	Grant, Taran;Castro, Fernando	1998	The cloud forest Colostethus (Anura, Dendrobatidae) of a region of the Cordillera Occidental of Colombia		Journal of Herpetology			32	3	378-392		Laboratorio de Herpetologia, Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Valle, A.A. 25360, Cali, Colombia	
Journal Article	Grant, Taran;Bolivar-G., Wilmar;Castro, Fernando	1998	The advertisement call of Centrolene geckoideum		Journal of Herpetology			32	3	452-455		Laboratorio de Herpetologia, Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Valle, A.A. 25360, Cali, Colombia	
Journal Article	Grant, T.R.;Bishop, K.A.	1998	Instream flow requirements for the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus): a review		Journal of Mammalogy			20	2	267 - 280		platypus	
Journal Article	Grathwohl, Jan	1998	Dyrehandlere i Hamburg - et besøg værd		Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening			41	4	94-96		Bygmarken 120. 4060 Kr. Såby, Denmark	
Journal Article	Grathwohl, Jan	1998	Bibrons tykfingergekko, Pachydactylus bibronii		Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening			41	6	147-151		Bygmarken 120, 4060 Kr. Såby, Denmark	
Journal Article	Gravendyck, M.;Ammermann, P.;Marschang, R.E.;Kaleta, E.F.	1998	Paramyxoviral and reoviral infections of iguanas on Honduran islands		Journal of Wildlife Diseases			34	1	33-38	Reptilia, sauria, Ctenosaura bakeri, Ctenosaura similis, green iguana, Iguana iguana rhinolopha, infection, virus, paramyxovirus, reovirus	Thirty-five free-ranging healthy spiny-tailed iguanas (31 Ctenosaura bakeri, 4 C. similis) and 14 green iguanas (Iguana iguana rhinolopha) were caught and held in captivity for 2 days. Blood was collected from all animals and their sera were evaluated for antibody titres against reptilian reoviruses, reptilian paramyxoviruses, and avian paramyxovirus-1 (PMV-1). Cloacal and pharyngeal swabs also were collected and examined for viral content by incubation on chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) and terrapene heart cells (TH-1). No virus was isolated from the pharyngeal and cloacal swabs on CEF and TH-1. Twenty-three (47%) of 49 sera samples tested positive for reptilian reoviruses by virus neutralization tests. Twenty (41%) of 49 samples had antibodies against one reptilian PMV isolate by virus neutralization tests and 3 (9%) of 34 by hemagglutination inhibition tests. No antibodies were detected against the other PMV isolate of reptilian origin nor against avian PMV-1. This is the first description of serum antibodies against reptilian reoviruses and PMV in wild iguanas. M Gravendyck, Intervet GmbH, Tackweg 11, D-47918 Tonisvorst, Germany	
Journal Article	Gravlund, Peter;Berggreen, Anders;Andersen, Mogens	1998	Geographic Distribution. Dasypeltis atra		Herpetological Review			29	1	53			
Journal Article	Gray, Randall L.;Walsh, Mark	1998	Unearthing Uromastyx: The newly described Mali Spiny-Tailed lizard		Reptiles			6	2	40-43			
Journal Article	Greene, Brian D.;Wilkinson, Robert F., Jr.;Powell, Robert	1998	Micrurus limbatus		Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles				678	1-3		Department of Biology, Southwest Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65804, USA	
Journal Article	Greer, Allen E.;Caputo, V.;Lanza, B.;Palmieri, R.	1998	Observations on limb reduction in the Scincid lizard genus Chalcides		Journal of Herpetology			32	2	244-252		The Australian Museum, 6 College St., Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia	
Journal Article	Greer, Allen E.	1998	Book review: Reptiles and frogs of the Australian Capital Territory		Herpetofauna			28	2	52		Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia	
Journal Article	Griffiths, Richard	1998	Book review: Morphologic and genetic studies of the European plethodontid salamanders: Taxonomic inferences (genus: Hydromantes)		Herpetological Journal			8	2	116			
Journal Article	Griffiths, Richard	1998	Book Review: The Clawed Salamanders of Asia		Herpetological Journal			8	3	167-168			
Journal Article	Griffiths, Richard A.;Klemens, Michael W.;Tinsley, Richard C.	1998	African Amphibians: Proceedings of the 9th Symposium on African Amphibians		Herpetological Journal			8	1	1-64			
Journal Article	Griffiths, A.D.;Jones, H.I.;Christian, K.A.	1998	Effect of season on oral and gastric nematodes in the frillneck lizard from Australia		Journal of Wildlife Diseases			34	2	381-385	Reptilia, sauria, Chlamydosaurus kingii, frillneck lizard, infection, helminth, nematode, Strongyluris paronai	The prevalence and intensity of nematodes from the stomach and the prevalence of nematodes in the oral cavity were recorded in the frillneck lizard, Chlamydosaurus kingii, in Kakadu National Park (Australia) between 1991 and 1994, in order to determine whether or not a seasonal pattern was evident. Seven species were recorded; Strongyluris paronai, Skrjabinoptera goldmanae, Abbreviata confusa, Abbreviata anomala, Physalopteroides filicauda, Kreisiella sp. and a species of Trichostrongyloidea. Only S. paronai showed a seasonal pattern. Only larval S. paraonai occurred in stomach samples and larvae of this species occurred seasonally in the oral cavity of C. kingii, substantiating earlier findings that this genus migrates within the host. The occurrence of S. paronai in the oral cavity coincided with the highest prevalence and intensity of S. paronai in stomach samples. This shows a previously unrecorded aspect in the life cycle of this nematode species. Prevalence of S. paronai was positively correlated with ambient temperature which is highest in the months preceding the monsoonal rains, and coincides with an increase in field metabolic rate and general activity of the host. AD Griffiths, CSIRO, Div Wildlife & Ecol, PMB 44, Winnellie 0821, Australia	
Journal Article	Griffiths, R. A.;L. Schley, P. E. Sharp, J. L. Dennis;Román., A.	1998	Behavioural responses of Mallorcan midwife toad tadpoles to natural and unnatural snake predators		Animal Behaviour			55		207-214			
Journal Article	Grigg, G.C.;Beard, L.A.;Moulton, T.;Melo, M.T.Q.;Taplin, L.E.	1998	Osmoregulation by the broad-snouted caiman, Caiman latirostris, in estuarine habitat in southern Brazil		Journal of Comparative Physiology B - Biochemical Systemic and Environmental Physiology			168	6	445-452	Reptilia, sauria, Crocodylia, Caiman latirostris, physiology, osmoregulation, salt gland	The broad-snouted caiman Caiman latirostris, of South America mostly frequents freshwater but occurs also in estuaries. Nothing of substance is known of its osmoregulatory physiology but, in the light of accumulating evidence that alligatorids lack specialised adaptations for life in hyperosmotic waters, we anticipated its physiology would be more similar to that of Alligator mississippiensis than the euryhaline Crocodylus porosus, which has both lingual salt glands and a more complex renal:cloacal system. This proved to be the case. Caiman captured in estuaries of the Iha do Cardoso in southern Brazil were effective hypo-osmotic osmoregulators in salinities of 0-24 ppt (seawater = 35 ppt). Plasma osmolarity, sodium and chloride were similar to those in other crocodilians and not influenced by salinity. Plasma urea was low and did not vary with salinity. We found no evidence of lingual or other salt glands. Urinary electrolyte concentrations varied considerably with salinity and in ways reminiscent of A. mississippiensis but very different from C. porosus. Ca. latirostris dehydrated in seawater more rapidly than C. porosus and had substantially higher integumental permeability to water. Caiman did not drink seawater but rehydrated rapidly when returned to freshwater (FW). We found small caiman (< 500 g) only in very low salinities (< 3 ppt) and larger caiman closer to the sea. We postulate that medium to large Ca. latirostris can take advantage of the feeding opportunities presented by the estuarine mangal despite lacking the physiological specialisations of crocodylids. Two individuals which we re-sighted by chance had travelled at least 600 m in 2-3 days, showing that every caiman we captured or saw was within easy reach of FW. Most likely their habitation of the estuary and its mangal is achieved through a combination of low surface area:volume ratio, relatively impermeable skin, and periodic access to FW. GC Grigg, Univ Queensland, Dept Zool, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. Reprint Endnote 98/3	
Journal Article	Grillitsch, Franck	1998	La Tortue des bois, Clemmys insculpta (Le Conte, 1830)		Manouria				1	17-21			
Journal Article	Grimm, Markus;Ruckstuhl, Anita	1998	Eindrücke von der Herpetofauna der Seychellen		Elaphe			6	1	103-110		Robinsonweg 40, CH-3006 Bern, Switzerland	
Journal Article	Grogg, Michael	1998	Zucht der Florida-Ostküsten-Diamantschildkröte, Malaclemys terrapin tequesta (Schwartz 1955)		Schildkröte			1	1	4-7		Lindenhofstr. 8, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland	
Journal Article	Groot, Frank de	1998	Vlarem voor Hollanders verklaard		Het Terrarium			16	5	27-29			
Journal Article	Grosse, Wolf-Rüdiger	1998	Wanderungen der Juvenes und Rufe des Laubfrosches (Hyla arborea L.) (Anura: Hylidae) im Herbst [Migration of juveniles and calls of the European tree frog (Hyla arborea L.) (Anura: Hylidae) in autumn]		Salamandra			34	4	309-322		Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Institut für Zoologie, Domplatz 4, D-06099 Halle/Saale, Germany	
Journal Article	Grossmann, Wolfgang;Grychta, Udo	1998	Bemerkungen zur Größe der Malayen-Weichschildkröte Dogania subplana (Geoffroy, 1809)		Sauria			20	2	11-13		Wulfila-Ufer 33, D-12105 Berlin, Germany	
Journal Article	Grossmann, Wolfgang	1998	Anmerkungen der Sauria-Redaktion		Sauria			20	2	30		Wulfila-Ufer 33, D-12105 Berlin, Germany	
Journal Article	Grossmann, Wolfgang;Tillack, Frank	1998	Bemerkungen zur Verbreitung von Elaphe flavolineata (Schlegel, 1837)		Sauria			20	3	43-45		Wulfila-Ufer 33, D-12105 Berlin, Germany	
Journal Article	Grossmann, Wolfgang;Grychta, Udo	1998	Bemerkungen zur Grösse der Malayen-Weichschildkröte Dogania subplana (Geoffroy, 1809)		Sauria, Berlin			20	2	11-13		Wulfila-Ufer 33, D-12105 Berlin, Germany	
Journal Article	Gruschwitz, Michael	1998	Ministerin Martini und Prof. Uppenbrink stellen DGHT-Naturschutz-Projekt der Öffentlichkeit vor		Elaphe			6	3	1-4			
Journal Article	Grychta, Udo	1998	Der Beckenzirkel nach Martin als Meßinstrument für Schildkröten bis 50 cm Carapaxlänge [Martin's Pelvimeter as a gauge for Chelonians up to 50 cm length]		Sauria			20	4	41-42		Kiefernweg 2, D-16792 Zehdenick, Germany	
Edited Book	Guan, Jian	1998	The Fossil Animals of China				China Ocean Press			197			
Journal Article	Guarino, Fabio M.;Andreone, Franco;Angelini, Francesco	1998	Growth and longevity by skeletochronological analysis in Mantidactylus microtympanum, a rain-forest anuran from Southern Madagascar		Copeia			1998	1	194-198		guarino@dgbm.unina.it	
Journal Article	Guffey, Cary;Makinster, James G.;Jaeger, Robert G.	1998	Familiarity affects interactions between potentially courting territorial salamanders		Copeia			1998	1	205-208		guffey@usl.edu	
Journal Article	Guix, Juan C.;Montori, Albert;Llorente, Gustavo A.;Carretero, Miguel A.;Santos, Xavier	1998 (1999)	Natural history and conservation of Bufonids in four Atlantic Rainforest areas of southeastern Brazil		Herpetological Natural History			6	1	1-12		llorente@porthos.bio.ub.es	
Journal Article	Gumprecht, Andreas	1998	Die Bambusottern der Gattung Trimeresurus Lacépède Teil II: Die Großaugen-Bambusotter Trimeresurus macrops Kramer, 1977		Sauria			20	3	25-36		Am Krausbaum 36, D-51147 Köln, Germany	
Journal Article	Gumprecht, Andreas	1998	Buchbesprechung: Schlangen im Terrarium		Sauria			20	4	46		Am Krausbaum 36, D-51147 Köln, Germany	
Journal Article	Guo, Cuiwen;Fan, Longsuo;Wang, Weicheng	1998	Amphibian fauna and zoogeographic division in Shanxi Province		Sichuan Journal of Zoology			17	2	83-85			
Journal Article	Gupta, Brij Kishor	1998	Notes on occurence and growth in Geckoella collagalensis (Beddome, 1870)		Hamadryad			23	1	77		The Coimbatore Zoological Park and Conservation Centre, "Pioneer House," Peelamedu, Coimbatore 641 004, India	
Journal Article	Gupta, Brij Kishor	1998	The southern house gecko Hemidactylus frenatus (Schlegel) feeding on boiled grains of Oryza sativa (Linn.)		Dactylus			3	2	56		Coimbatore Zoological Park & Conservation Centre, "Pioneer House" Peelamedu, Coimbatore 641-004, Tamil Nadu, India	
Journal Article	Gupta, Brij Kishor;Rathinasabapathy, B.	1998	Notes on the bark gecko, Hemidactylus leschenaulti (Dumeril & Bibron) in Coimbatore, India (Squamata: Sauria: Geckonidae)		Dactylus			3	2	57-60		Coimbatore Zoological Park & Conservation Centre, "Pioneer House" Peelamedu, Coimbatore 641-004, Tamil Nadu, India	
Journal Article	Gupta, Brij Kishor	1998	Food preference in captivity among selected frogs and toads		Cobra			32		11-19		133 New Adarsh Nagar, Balkeshwar, Agra 282 004, India	
Journal Article	Guseva, Anna Yu;Okulova, Natalia M.	1998 (1999)	The amphibians of Ivanovo Province: Inventory and cadastre of the fauna		Advances in Amphibian Research in the Former Soviet Union			3		77-103		Department of Zoology, Ivanovo State University, Leninsky Prospect, 136, Ivanovo 153004, Russia	
Journal Article	Gustafsson, Joonas	1998	CD-ROM -esittely: Frogs, Salamanders & Toads		Herpetomania			7	6	22-23		rikten@vtoy.fi	
Journal Article	Gutberlet, Ronald L. Jr.	1998	The phylogenetic position of the Mexican Black Tailed pitviper (Squamata: Viperidae: Crotalinae)		Herpetologica			54	2	184-206		Dept. of Biology, Box 19498, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0498, USA	
Journal Article	Gutberlet, Ronald L. Jr.;Stewart, Carol L.;Keck, Michael B.	1998	New distributional records for Texas reptiles and amphibians		Southwestern Naturalist			43	1	6-12			
Journal Article	Guzman-Villa, Ubaldo;Flores-Villela, Oscar;Schmidt-Ballardo, Walter;Bezy, Robert L.	1998	variation, distribution, and taxonomic status of the Xantusid lizard Lepidophyma tarascae		Herpetological Review			29	2	78		Museo de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM, AP 70-399, México D.F. 04510, México	
Journal Article	Günther, Rainer	1998	Buchbesprechung: A Field Guide to Australian Frogs		Sauria			20	3	46		Museum für Naturkunde, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany	
Journal Article	Gvozdik, Lumir;Vesely, Milan	1998	A contribution to the biology of Dravidogecko anamallensis (Günther, 1875) in captivity		Dactylus			3	2	63-68		Dept. of Zoology, Palacky University, tr. Svobody 26, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic	
Journal Article	Haacke, W. D.	1998	Ptenopus garrulus garrulus Common Barking Gecko. Burrow structure		African Herp News				27	16		Dept. of Herpetology, Transvaal Museum, P.O. Box 413, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	
Journal Article	Haacke, W. D.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Ptenopus garrulus garrulus		African Herp News				27	19-20		Dept. of Herpetology, Transvaal Museum, P.O. Box 413, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	
Journal Article	Haacke, W. D.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Colopus wahlbergi wahlbergi		African Herp News				27	20		Dept. of Herpetology, Transvaal Museum, P.O. Box 413, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	
Journal Article	Haagner, G. V.	1998	Dendroaspis polylepis, Black Mamba: Diet		African Herp News				28	31		tamboti@iafrica.com	
Journal Article	Haagner, G. V.	1998	Lycophidion capense capense, Cape Wolf Snake: Diet		African Herp News				28	30		tamboti@iafrica.com	
Journal Article	Haagner, G. V.	1998	Lygodactylus angularis angularis Günther's Dwarf Gecko: Reproduction		African Herp News				28	29-30		tamboti@iafrica.com	
Journal Article	Haas, Alexander;Richards, Stephen J.	1998	Correlations of cranial morphology, ecology, and evolution in Australian suctorial tadpoles of the genera Litoria and Nyctimystes (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae: Pelodryadinae)		Journal of Morphology			238		109-141			
Journal Article	Haen, Rob	1998	Slangendag Houten 1998		Het Terrarium			16	5	30			
Journal Article	Haerani, H. M.	1998	The Indonesian Federation of Flora and Fauna Associations (HAPFFI/IFFFA)		Mertensiella			9		21-22		Indonesian Federation of Flora and Fauna Associations, Permata Hijau Blok G No. 11B, Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia	
Journal Article	Hahn, Donald E.;Wallach, Van	1998	Comments on the systematics of Old World Leptotyphlops (serpentes: Leptotyphlopidae), with description of a new species		Hamadryad			23	1	50-62		P.O. Box 1004, Cottonwood, AZ 86326, USA	
Journal Article	Hailey, Adrian;Loveridge, John P.	1998	Body temperatures of captive tortoises at high altitude in Zimbabwe, with comments on the use of "living models"		Herpetological Journal			8	2	79-84		52 Mascotts Close, London NW2 6NS, Great Britain	
Journal Article	Hailey, Adrian	1998	The specific dynamic action of the omnivorous tortoise Kinixys spekii in relation to diet, feeding pattern, and gut passage		Physiological Zoology			71	1	57-66			
Journal Article	Haiyan, He	1998	The current status of Xenochrophis piscator and conservation strategy		Sichuan Journal of Zoology			17	2	78			
Journal Article	Hall, John A.	1998	Scaphiopus intermontanus		Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles				650	1-17		ECO-Solutions, 1301 Buena Court, Richland, WA 99352, USA	
Journal Article	Hall, J. A.;J. H. Larsen, Jr. 	1998	Postembryonic ontogeny of the spadefoot toad, Scaphiopus intermontanus (Anura: Pelobatidae): skeletal morphology. 		Journal of Morphology			238		179-244			
Journal Article	Halliday, Tim	1998	El DAPTF en Praga		Reptilia (E)				14	6-7			
Journal Article	Halliday, Tim	1998	Book review: Atlas of Amphibians and Reptiles in Europe		Copeia			1998	4	1117-1118		T.R.Halliday@open.ac.uk	
Journal Article	Hallmann, Gerhard	1998	Zur Erinnerung an Dr. Christoph Scherpner		Elaphe			6	4	29			
Journal Article	Hallmen, Martin;Chlebowy, Jürgen	1998	Haltung von melanistischen Strumpfbandnattern Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis		Elaphe			6	4	19-21		Wilhelmstr. 11a, D-63526 Erlensee, Germany	
Journal Article	Hallmen, Martin	1998	Ein Fall von Keratophagie bei der Gewöhnlichen Strumpfbandnatter, Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis		Elaphe			6	4	74-75		Wilhemstr. 11a, D-63526 Erlensee, Germany	
Journal Article	Halloy, Monique;Etheridge, Richard;Burghardt, Gordon M.	1998	To bury in sand: Phylogentic relationships among lizard species of the boulengeri group, Liolaemus (Reptilia: Squamata: Tropiduridae) based on behavioral characters		Herpetological Monographs			12		1-37	Sand lizards; Liolaemus; Burying behavior; Phylogeny	Instituto de Herpetología, Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina	
Journal Article	Hammerson, Geoffrey A.;Benedict, Audrey D.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Tantilla hobartsmithi		Herpetological Review			29	1	55			
Journal Article	Hanka, Sybille;Joger, Ulrich	1998	Emys orbicularis in the Enkheimer Ried near Frankfurt/Main, Hesse		Mertensiella			10		135-140		Hessisches landesmuseum Darmstadt, Friedensplatz 1, D-64283 Darmstadt, Germany	
Journal Article	Hanken, James;Wake, David B.	1998	Biology of tiny animals: Systematics of the minute salamanders (Thorius: Plethodontidae) from Veracruz and Puebla, México, with descriptions of five new species		Copeia			1998	2	312-345		James.Hanken@Colorado.edu	
Journal Article	Hanson, J.;Wibbels, T.;Martine, E.M.	1998	Predicted female bias in sex ratios of hatchling loggerhead sea turtles from a Florida nesting beach		Canadian Journal of Zoology			76		1850-1861	loggerhead; sex ratio; temperature		
Journal Article	Harding, James H.	1998	Book review: Status and Conservation of Turtles of the Northeastern United States: A Symposium		Copeia			1998	3	807-809		hardingj@pilot.msu.edu	
Journal Article	Hardy, Davis L.;Bush, Sean P.	1998	Pressure/immobilization as first aid for venomous snakebite in the United States		Herpetological Review			29	4	204-208		dhardysr@theriver.com	
Journal Article	Hare, W. A.;Owen, W. G.	1998	Effects of bicarbonate versus HEPES buffering on measured properties of neurons in the salamander retina		Vis Neurosci			15	2	263-71	Ambystoma; Animal; Bicarbonates/*pharmacology; Buffers; Cell Communication/drug effects/physiology; Electric Conductivity; Electrophysiology; GABA/pharmacology; HEPES/*pharmacology; Intercellular Junctions/physiology; Isotonic Solutions/pharmacology; Membrane Potentials/drug effects; Models, Biological; Neurons/*drug effects/physiology; Retina/cytology/*drug effects; Rods (Retina)/drug effects/physiology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Visual Pathways/drug effects/physiology	Electrophysiological studies of the isolated retina involve perfusing the tissue with a physiological Ringer's. Organic pH buffers such as HEPES have become increasingly popular in recent years because for many purposes they offer a convenient and reliable alternative to the more traditional bicarbonate/CO2. In this paper, however, we report that important functional properties of rods, bipolar cells, and horizontal cells in the salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum, are sensitive to the choice of buffer and, in the case of horizontal cells, that sensitivity is acute. In bicarbonate/CO2 Ringer's, the dark potential of the horizontal cell was typically near -50 mV and saturating light caused it to hyperpolarize to about -75 mV. On switching to HEPES-buffered Ringer's at the same pH, horizontal cells depolarized in darkness to about -20 mV, close to the chloride equilibrium potential, and the kinetics of their light responses changed. The cone-driven components of light responses increased in size relative to rod-driven components. Saturating lights still hyperpolarized the cells to -75 mV, however. Horizontal cells, being coupled via gap junctions, form a syncytium and syncytial length constants, measured in bicarbonate/CO2 Ringer's, were generally in the range 150-225 microm. On switching to HEPES-buffered Ringer's, length constants increased substantially to 250-330 microm. All these changes were reversible. We discuss our findings within the context of the cell's ability to regulate its internal pH.	
Journal Article	Harrison, Christopher R.;LaDuc, Travis J.	1998	Geographic distribution. Crotalus molossus molossus		Herpetological Review			29	3	176			
Journal Article	Hartdegen, Ruston W.;Roberts, David T.;Greve, John H.	1998	Identification of a gastrointestinal nematode in the Boelen's Python, Morelia boeleni		Bulletin of the Association of Reptilian Amphibian Veterinarians			8	1	8			
Journal Article	Hartley, Laurel M.;Powell, Robert;Parmerlee, John S.	1998	Ameiva lineolata		Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles				654	1-4		Dept. of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA	
Journal Article	Hartmann, Jörg	1998	Der Gestreifte Shaapsteker (Psammophylax tritaeniatus) - Porträt einer Rarität in der Terraristik		Elaphe			6	1	17-22		Im Hole 39, D-44791 Bochum, Germany	
Journal Article	Harvey, Michael B.;Barker, David G.	1998	A new species of blue-tailed monitor lizard (genus Varanus) from Halmahera Island, Indonesia		Herpetologica			54	1	34-44		Dept. of Biol., Univ. of Texas, Arlington, TX 76019-0498, USA	
Journal Article	Harvey, Michael B.;Gutberlet, Ronald L., Jr.	1998	Lizards of the genus Tropidurus (Iguania: Tropiduridae) from the Serranía de Huanchaca, Bolivia: New species, natural history and a key to the genus		Herpetologica			54	4	493-520		Department of Biology, Box 19498, University of Texas, Arlington, TX 76019-0498, USA	
Journal Article	Hasbun, C.R.;Lawrence, A. J.;Samour, J. H.;Alghais, S.	1998	Duodenal volvulus in free-living green turtles from coastal United Arab Emirates		Journal of Wildlife Diseases			34	4	797-800	Reptilia, testudines, Chelonia mydas, Pathology, duodenum, seagrass ingesta, volvulus	Post-mortem examinations performed during May and August of 1997 on three free-living green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in the United Arab Emirates revealed that all had stomachs full of fresh seagrass (approximately 99% of the total ingesta) and presented with a duodenal volvulus involving a length of approximately 100 cm. Duodeni appeared empty and necrotic with diffuse purple-black mucosa. No apparent signs of obstruction by foreign objects, acute endoparasitism or other disorders were observed. In all cases, duodenal volvulus was diagnosed, the cause of which may have been dietary in origin. The rise in water temperature, with an associated rise in the temperature of seagrass, thus enhancing the over-fermentation of ingesta with the subsequent liberation of excessive amounts of gas was the probable cause of volvulus formation. Ingestion of foreign bodies and physical movement also are discussed as causes of digestive disorders. It is recommended that handlers should avoid 360 degrees rotation when overturning turtles onto their carapaces.	
Journal Article	Hasegawa, H.;Miyata, A.;Doi, T.	1998	Spiroxys hanzaki n. sp. (Nematoda: Gnathostomatidae) collected from the giant salamander, Andrias japonicus (Caudata: Cryptobranchidae), in Japan		J Parasitol			84	4	831-4		Spiroxys hanzaki n. sp. (Nematoda: Gnathostomatidae) taken from the giant salamander, Andrias japonicus (Temminck, 1836) (Caudata: Cryptobranchidae) from Hyogo Prefecture, Japan, is described. It closely resembles Spiroxys allegheniensis Walton, 1930, from the hellbender, Cryptobranchus alleganiensis (Daudin, 1803) (Cryptobranchidae), of North America, in that it has minute dorsal and ventral lobes of the pseudolabium and a reduced gubernaculum but is readily distinguished by a pseudolabium with 2 apical, 1 dorsal, and 1 ventral tooth on the median lobe.	
Journal Article	Haskell, A.	1998	The effect of headstarting redbelly turtles, Pseudemys rubriventris, in Massachusetts.		ARAV 5th Ann. Conf. Sept 26-29					109.	Reptilia, testudines,redbelly turtles, Pseudemys rubriventris, behaviour, headstarting		
Journal Article	Hasumi, Masato;Kanda, Fusayuki	1998	Breeding habits of the Siberian salamander (Salamandrella keyserlingii) within a fen in Kushiro Marsh, Japan		Herpetological Review			29	3	150-153		mhasumi@sc.niigata-u.ac.jp	
Journal Article	Hatfield, James W.	1998	Iguana Park		Reptilia (GB)				5	46-50			
Journal Article	Hatfield, James W.	1998	Iguana park		Reptilia (E)				18	46-50			
Journal Article	Hati, A. K.;Bharati, K.;basu, D.;banerjee, A.;Mukherjee, H.;Hati, R. N.;Das, S. C.	1998 (1999)	Active immunization of Rhesus monkey with gamma irradiated Russell's viper venom toxoid		The Snake			28	1-2	11-13		Department of Medical Entomology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Calcutta-700073, India	
Journal Article	Hauschild, Andree	1998	Corucia zebrata Gray		Sauria			20	3 Supplement	421-426		Sebastianusstr. 15, D-41516 Grevenbroich, Germany	
Book	Hawthorne, Tracey	1998	Eerste Veldgids Tot Slange & Ander Reptiele van Suider-Africa			Cape Town	Struik			57 p.			
Journal Article	Hay, Chris	1998	Captive husbandry and reproduction of the water python Liasis fuscus (Dumeril & Bibron, 1844)		Monitor			9	2	14-19		lot 87, Horneman Road, Gisborne South, VIC 3427, Australia	
Book Section	Hay, Robert	1998	Introduction	Lannoo, M. J.	Blanchard's Cricket Frogs in Wisconsin: a status report	Iowa City	University of Iowa Press			79-82			
Journal Article	Hayslett, Michael S.;Wilson, Gordon L.;Mitchell, Joseph C.	1998	Plethodon hubrichti (Peaks of Otter Salamander). Albinism		Herpetological Review			29	4	229-230			
Journal Article	Hazard, Lisa C.;Shoemaker, Vaughan H.;Grismer, L. Lee	1998	Salt gland secretion by an intertidal lizard, Uta tumidarostra		Copeia			1998	1	231-234		lizard@citrus.ucr.edu	
Journal Article	He, Xiaorui	1998	Cynops wolterstorffi, an analysis of the factors that caused its extinction		Sichuan Journal of Zoology			17	2	58-60			
Journal Article	Heard, Geoff W.	1998	The amateur, amateur herpetologist-five years on		Monitor			10	1	47-49		2 hillingdon Drive, Diamond Creek, Victoria, 3089, Australia	
Edited Book	Heatwole, Harold;Dawley, Ellen M.	1998	Amphibian Biology. Vol. 3. Sensory Perception			Chipping Norton, NSW	Surrey Beatty & Sons	3		xii, 711-972			
Journal Article	Heatwole, Harold;Abbott, Petah	1998	Evidence for sidewinding in the banded sea krait, Laticauda colubrina		Herpetofauna			28	2	14-15		Department of Zoology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7617, USA	
Journal Article	Hedeen, David L.;Hedeen, Stanley E.	1998	Diadophis punctatus (Ringneck Snake). Predation		Herpetological Review			29	2	103		Dept. of Ent. & Appl. Ecol., Univ. of Delaware, Newark, DE 19717, USA	
Journal Article	Hedges, S. Blair;Powell, Robert	1998	Eleutherodactylus amadeus		Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles				647	1-2		Dept. of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA	
Journal Article	Hedges, S. Blair;Powell, Robert	1998	Eleutherodactylus parapelates		Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles				649	1-2		Dept. of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA	
Journal Article	Hedges, S. Blair;Powell, Robert	1998	Eleutherodactylus thorectes		Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles				667	1-2		Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA	
Journal Article	Heer, Tamara;Lanari, Llaura	1998	Geographic distribution. Lutkenotyphlus brasiliensis		Herpetological Review			29	4	244			
Journal Article	Heideman, N.J.L.	1998	Reptoduction in Agama etoshae McLachlan 1981 from Namibia		Amphibia-Reptilia			19	1	99-103		National Museum, P.O. Box 266, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	
Journal Article	Helfenberger, Notker;Schätti, Beat	1998	Morphological adaptations for egg-eating in the snake Elaphe davidi Sauvage 1884		Russian Journal of Herpetology			5	1	36-42		Zoologisches Museum der Universität, Winterhurerstraße 190, CH-8057, Switzerland	
Book Section	Helgen, Judy;McKinnell, Robert G.;Gernes, Mark C.	1998	Investigation of malformed Northern Leopard Frogs in Minnesota	Lannoo, M. J.	Status & Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians	Iowa City	University of Iowa Press			288-297			
Journal Article	Helman, R.G.;Barrie, M.T.;Gardiner, C.H.	1998	Parasitic conjunctivitis and lacrimal adenitis in ntwo tiger salamanders, Ambystoma tigrinum mavortium		Bulletin of the Association of reptilian and amphibian veterinarians			8	1	9-12	Amphibia, caudata, tiger salamander, infectionia, helminth, pathology		
Journal Article	Helman, R. G.;Barrie, M. T.;Gardiner, C. H.	1998	Parasitic conjunctivitis and lacrimal adenitis in two tiger salamanders, Ambystoma tigrinum mavortium		Bulletin of the Association of Reptilian Amphibian Veterinarians			8	1	9-12			
Book Section	Hemesath, Lisa M.	1998	Iowa's frog and toad survey, 1991-1994	Lannoo, M. J.	Status & Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians	Iowa City	University of Iowa Press			206-216			
Journal Article	Henderson, Robert W.;Sajdak, Richard A.;Winstel, R. Allen	1998	Habitat utilization by the arboreal boa Corallus grenadensis in two ecologically disparate habitats on Grenada		Amphibia-Reptilia			19	2	203-214		rh@mpm1.mpm.edu	
Journal Article	Henke, Scott E.	1998	The effect of multiple search items and item abundance on the efficiency of Human searchers		Journal of Herpetology			32	1	112-115		Campus Box 218, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA	
Journal Article	Henke, Scott E.;Montemayor, Melisa	1998	Diel and monthly variations in capture success of Phrynosoma cornutum via road cruising in Sourthern Texas		Herpetological Review			29	3	148-150		kfseh00@tamuk.edu	
Journal Article	Henke, S. E.;Montemayor, M.	1998	Diel and monthly variations in capture success of Phrynosoma cornutum via road cruisin in southern Texas		Herpetological Review			29	3	148-150	predation, habitat, activity, behavior, productivity, feeding		
Journal Article	Henle, Klaus	1998	Buchbesprechungen: Natur- und Tierschutz in Dortmund		Salamandra			34	3	284-285			
Journal Article	Hennig, Andreas S.	1998	Haltung und Nachzucht von Mauremys mutica - der Dreikiel-Wasserschildkr¨øte		Elaphe			6	3	5-8		Defoestr. 6B, D-04159 Leipzig, Germany	
Journal Article	Heppell, Selina S.	1998	Application of life-history theory and population model analysis to turtle conservation		Copeia			1998	2	367-375		selina.heppell@duke.edu	
Journal Article	Herbst, L.H.;Sundberg, J.P.;Shultz, L.D.;Gray, B.A.;Klein, P.A.	1998	Tumorigenicity of green turtle fibropapilloma-derived fibroblast lines in immunodeficient mice		Laboratory Animal Science			48	2	162-167	Reptilia, testudines, green turtle, chelonia mydas, infection, virus, Tumorigenicity, fibroblast lines	Fibroblast lines derived from normal skin and spontaneous or experimentally induced fibropapillomas of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) were established and propagated in medium composed of a combination of Dulbecco's minimal essential with F12 medium plus 10% fetal bovine serum at 30 degrees C, Fibropapilloma-derived fibroblasts were indistinguishable from normal skin fibroblasts in vitro. Tumor lines did not exhibit loss of contact inhibition, anchorage independence, or reduced serum requirements. Inoculation of primary and early-passage tumor cells into the medial margin of the pinna of C57BL, 6J-nu, nu, C.B17-scid, scid, or NOD-scid, scid mice, however, resulted in fibroma formation, whereas inoculation of normal skin fibroblasts did not, Tumor-derived cells inoculated into the flanks of mice did not form tumors, The turtle origin of fibroblasts in tumors from mouse ears was confirmed by immunohistochemical and karyotype analysis. Fibroblast lines that were established from mouse ear fibromas had the normal karyotype (modal 2N = 55) of C, mydas. The cooler anatomic sites (ears) of immunodeficient mice are useful for confirming the tumorigenic (transformed) phenotype of green turtle fibropapillomatosis-derived fibroblasts. This mouse ear tumorigenicity test should facilitate studies of mechanisms of cellular transformation in green turtle fibropapillomatosis and other neoplastic diseases of poikilothermic vertebrates. LH Herbst, Yeshiva Univ Albert Einstein Coll Med, Inst Anim Studies, 1300 Morris Pk Ave, Bronx, NY 10461 USA	
Journal Article	Herbst, L.H.;Greiner, E.C.;Ehrhart, L.M.;Bagley, D.A.;Klein, P.A.	1998	Serological association between spirorchidiasis, herpesvirus infection, and fibropapillomatosis in green turtles from Florida		Journal of Wildlife Diseases			34	3	496-507	Reptilia, testudines, green turtle, Chelonia mydas, infection, herpesvirus, fibropapillomatosis, herpesvirus	Serodiagnostic tests for detecting green turtle (Chelonia mydas) antibody responses were developed to test the strength of association between exposure to spirorchid trematode antigens or herpesvirus antigens and having green turtle fibropapillomatosis (GTFP). Plasma samples from 46 captive-reared green turtles, including paired pre- and 1-yr post-inoculation samples from 12 turtles with experimentally induced GTFP. were found by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to be negative for antibodies to adult spirorchid (Learedius learedi) antigens. In contrast, all 12 turtles that developed experimentally induced GTFP converted within 1 yr from having negative to positive antibody reactivity to GTFP-associated herpesvirus antigens, whereas the three controls and four turtles that failed to develop tumors remained negative. Plasma samples from 104 free-ranging green turtles from two Florida (USA) coastal feeding grounds with different GTFP prevalences were tested by ELISA for antibodies to L. learedi adult antigens: and there was no statistically significant association between antibody prevalence and sampling site. When a low optical density cutoff value (0.15) was used to interpret ELISA results, 98% of the turtles from each site were spirorchid antibody-positive and there was no association between antibody reactivity to spirorchids and GTFP status. When a higher negative cutoff value was used, however, a statistically significant association between antibody reactivity to spirorchids and GTFP-free status was found. These results suggest that spirorchids do not have a role in GTFP pathogenesis. All 20 of the tumor-bearing lagoon turtles had antibodies to herpesvirus antigens whereas only two (10%) of the turner-free reef turtles had detectable anti-herpesvirus reactivity. The strong association between antibody reactivity to herpesvirus antigens and GTFP status in both captive-reared and free-ranging turtles is consistent with the hypothesis that the transmissible agent that causes GTFP is a herpesvirus. LH Herbst, Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA	
Journal Article	Hering-Hagenbeck, S. B. F. N.	1998	Unusual feeding behaviour of the common roughscaled lizard (Ichnotropis squamulosa) in captivity		African Herp News				27	13-14		Dept. of Veterinary Pathology, Medical University of Southern Africa, P.O. Box 59, Medunsa 0204, South Africa	
Journal Article	Herman, C. A.;Oliw, E. H.	1998	Liver microsomes from the yellow rat snake (Elaphe obsoleta) and American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) oxidize polyunsaturated fatty acids by NADPH-dependent hydroxylation and epoxidation		J Exp Zool			280	1	1-7	Acclimatization/physiology; Animal; Arachidonic Acid/metabolism; Carbon Radioisotopes; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods; Cytochrome P-450/analysis; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/*metabolism; Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids/metabolism; Hydroxylation; Linoleic Acid/metabolism; Liver/metabolism/ultrastructure; Mass Fragmentography; Microsomes, Liver/*metabolism/ultrastructure; NADPH Oxidase/*physiology; Oxidation-Reduction; Rana catesbeiana/*metabolism; Snakes/*metabolism; Species Specificity; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; 5,8,11,14,17-Eicosapentaenoic Acid/metabolism	Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can be oxygenated by mammalian hepatic P450s to a series of metabolites. The most prominent of these are formed by omega- and (omega-1)-hydroxylation, epoxidation of the double bonds or bisallylic hydroxylation. The object of the present investigation was to determine whether similar oxygenations are catalyzed by liver microsomes of the yellow rat snake (Elaphe obsoleta) and the American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana). Liver microsomes were incubated with [1-14C]-labeled arachidonic (AA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA), and linoleic acids (LA) in the presence or absence of 1 mM NADPH, and the major metabolites were analyzed by reverse-phase and straight-phase high performance liquid chromatography and capillary gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. No metabolites were produced in the absence of NADPH. Profiles of metabolites were different depending on the organism and the acclimation state. In all incubations, EPA was the most effective substrate utilized and LA the least effective. The major products from EPA were 19-HEPE, 13-HEPE, and 20-HEPE from cold- acclimated (5 degrees C), warm-acclimated (22 degrees C) frogs, and snakes (22 degrees C), respectively. In contrast, 20-HETE production from AA was greater than 19-HETE in all three. Cold-acclimated frog liver microsomes produced significantly more of all metabolites when compared with microsomes from warm-acclimated frogs. We conclude that amphibian and snake liver can catalyze epoxidation and hydroxylation of PUFAs and that products are species-specific and acclimation-state dependent.	
Journal Article	Hermann, Hans-Werner	1998	Holaspis guentheri laevis (East African Fringe-tailed Forest Lizard). Reproduction		Herpetological Review			29	4	238			
Journal Article	Hermes-Lima, M.;Storey, J. M.;Storey, K. B.	1998	Antioxidant defenses and metabolic depression. The hypothesis of preparation for oxidative stress in land snails [In Process Citation]		Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol			120	3	437-48		The roles of enzymatic antioxidant defenses in the natural tolerance of environmental stresses that impose changes in oxygen availability and oxygen consumption on animals is discussed with a particular focus on the biochemistry of estivation and metabolic depression in pulmonate land snails. Despite reduced oxygen consumption and PO2 during estivation, which should also mean reduced production of oxyradicals, the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase and catalase, increased in 30 day-estivating snails. This appears to be an adaptation that allows the snails to deal with oxidative stress that takes place during arousal when PO2 and oxygen consumption rise rapidly. Indeed, oxidative stress was indicated by increased levels of lipid peroxidation damage products accumulating in hepatopancreas within minutes after arousal was initiated. The various metabolic sites responsible for free radical generation during arousal are still unknown but it seems unlikely that the enzyme xanthine oxidase plays any substantial role in this despite being implicated in oxidative stress in mammalian models of ischemia/reperfusion. We propose that the activation of antioxidant defenses in the organs of Otala lactea during estivation is a preparative mechanism against oxidative stress during arousal. Increased activities of antioxidant enzymes have also observed under other stress situations in which the actual production of oxyradicals should decrease. For example, antioxidant defenses are enhanced during anoxia exposure in garter snakes Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis (10 h at 5 degrees C) and leopard frogs Rana pipiens (30 h at 5 degrees C) and during freezing exposure (an ischemic condition due to plasma freezing) in T. sirtalis parietalis and wood frogs Rana sylvatica. It seems that enhancement of antioxidant enzymes during either anoxia or freezing is used as a preparatory mechanism to deal with a physiological oxidative stress that occurs rapidly within the early minutes of recovery during reoxygenation or thawing. Thus, a wide range of stress tolerant animals display coordinated changes in antioxidant defenses that allow them to deal with oxidative stress that occurs as part of natural cycles of stress/recovery that alter oxygen levels in tissues. The molecular mechanisms that trigger and regulate changes in antioxidant enzyme activities in these species are still unknown but could prove to have key relevance for the development of new intervention strategies in the treatment of cardiovascular ischemia/reperfusion injuries in humans.	
Journal Article	Hernandez-Gallegos, Oswaldo;Manriquez-Moran, Norma;Mendez, Fausto R.;Villagran, Maricela;Cuellar, Orlando	1998	Histocompatibility in parthenogenetic lizards of the Cnemidophorus cozumela complex from the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico		Biogeographica			74	3	117-124			
Journal Article	Hernandez-Gallegos, Oswaldo;Manriquez-Moran, Norma;Mendez, Fausto R.;Villagran, Maricela;Cuellar, Orlando	1998	Histocompatibility in parthogenetic lizards of the Cnemidophorus cozumela complex from the Yucatan peninsula of Mexico		Biogeographica			74	3	117-124	Lizards, Cnemidophorus, parthogenesis, transplantation, histocompatability		
Journal Article	Hero, Jean-Marc	1998	Book review: Amphibians in Decline: Canadian Studies of a Global Problem		Herpetological Review			29	4	252-254		M.Hero@eas.gu.edu.au	
Journal Article	Herrel, Anthony;Timmermans, Jean-Pierre;de Vree, Frits	1998	Tongue flicking in Agamid lizards: morphology, kinematics, and muscle activity patterns		Anatomical Record			252		102-116			
Journal Article	Herrmann, Hans-Joachim	1998	Litoria chloris (Boulenger)		Sauria			20	3	2		Sandgrubenweg 5, D-49143 Bissendorf-Wulften, Germany	
Journal Article	Herrmann, Jan-Matthias	1998	Haltung und Nachzucht der Buntpythonunterarten Python curtus curtus und Python curtus brongersmai		Elaphe			6	4	7-12		Moorweg 12, D-29525 Ulezen, Germany	
Journal Article	Hersche, Hans	1998	Die Rotwangenschmuckschildkröte Trachemys scripta elegans (Wied-Neuwied 1839)		Schildkröte			1	1	8-13		leoneuno@bluewin.ch	
Journal Article	Hersche, Hans	1998	Tierpark Dählhölzli Bern (Schweiz)		Schildkröte			1	1	14-17		leoneuno@bluewin.ch	
Journal Article	Hersche, Hans	1998	Book review: Schmuckschildkröten		Schildkröte			1	1	44		leoneuno@bluewin.ch	
Journal Article	Herz, Mario	1998	Buchbesprechung: Die Landschildkröten Europas		Sauria			20	4	40		Boxhagener Str. 97, D-10245 Berlin, Germany	
Journal Article	Heyer, W. Ronald	1998	The relationships of Leptodactylus diedrus (Anura, Leptodactylidae)		Alytes			16	1-2	1-24		heyer.ron@nmnh.si.edu	
Journal Article	Hibbitts, Toby J.	1998	Geographic distribution. Sternotherus odoratus		Herpetological Review			29	3	174			
Journal Article	Hibbitts, Toby J.	1998	Geographic distribution. Terrapene carolina triunguis		Herpetological Review			29	3	174			
Journal Article	Hibbitts, Toby J.	1998	Geographic distribution. Eumeces laticeps		Herpetological Review			29	3	174			
Journal Article	Hibbitts, Toby J.	1998	Geographic distribution. Lampropeltis calligaster calligaster		Herpetological Review			29	3	177			
Journal Article	Hibbitts, Toby J.;Hibbits, Terry L.	1998	Geographic distribution. Regina rigida sinicola		Herpetological Review			29	3	174			
Journal Article	Hicks, J. W.;Wang, T.	1998	Cardiovascular regulation during anoxia in the turtle: an in vivo study		Physiological Zoology			71	1	1-14	Trachemys scripta, normoxia, atropine, epinephrine, bradycardia		
Journal Article	Hielen, Brigitte	1998	Verhaltensbiologische Beobachtungen zur Tagaktivität beim Mauergecko, Tarentola mauritanica, auf einer spanischen Mittelmeerinsel [Behavioural observations on daily activity of the moorish gecko, Tarentola mauritanica, on a Spanish Mediterranean island]		Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie			5		243-248		Institut für Ökologie und Evolutionsbiologie, Universität Bremen/FB 2, Postfach 330440, D-28334 Bremen, Germany	
Journal Article	Highton, Richard	1998	Frequency of hybrids between introduced and native populations of the salamander Plethodon jordani in their first generation of sympatry		Herpetologica			54	2	143-153		Dept. of Zoology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA	
Journal Article	Highton, Richard	1998	Is Ensatina escholtzii a ring species?		Herpetologica			54	2	254-278		Dept. of Zoology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA	
Journal Article	Hilgenhof, Ralph J.	1998	Eine Herpetologische Reise nach Nordost-Jamaika unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Gattung Anolis Daudin - Teil I		Sauria			20	2	15-24		Langgasse 137, D-53859 Niederkassel/Mondorf, Germany	
Journal Article	Hilgenhof, Ralph J.	1998	Eine herpetologische Reise nach Nordost-Jamaika unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Gattung Anolis Daudin, 1802 - Teil II		Sauria			20	3	3-10		Langgasse 137, D-53859 Niederkassel/Mondorf, Germany	
Journal Article	Hilken, Gero;Schlepper, Rüdiger	1998	Der Lampropeltis mexicana-Komplex (Serpentes, Colubridae): Naturgeschichte und Terrarienhaltung [On the Lampropeltis mexicana-complex (Colubridae, Serpentes): Natural history and husbandry]		Salamandra			34	2	97-124		gero.hilken@uni-essen.de	
Journal Article	Hill, M.S.	1998	Spongivory on Caribbean reefs releases corals from competition with sponges		Oecologia			117		143-150	hawksbill; feeding; behaviour		
Journal Article	Hillman, Georg;Greven, Hartmut	1998	Proteoglycans (PGs) in the larval amphibian tooth as visualized by cuprolinic blue		Acta Histochemica			100		271-278			
Journal Article	Hillyard, S. D.;Hoff, K. vS.;Propper, c.	1998	The water absorption response: a behavioral assay for physiological processes in terrestrial amphibians		Physiological Zoology			71	2	127-138	angiotensin II, renin-angiotensin system		
Journal Article	Hilscher Conklin, C.;Conlon, J. M.;Boyd, S. K.	1998	Identification and localization of neurohypophysial peptides in the brain of a caecilian amphibian, Typhlonectes natans (Amphibia: Gymnophiona)		J Comp Neurol			394	2	139-51		The amphibian order Gymnophiona contains more than 150 different species of caecilians. The characterization and distribution of neurohypophysial peptides, however, has not been described for any member of this order. By using high-performance liquid chromatography, radioimmunoassay, and mass spectrometry, we identified the peptide arginine vasotocin (AVT) in brain and pituitary extracts from the caecilian Typhlonectes natans. By using immunocytochemistry, we found five populations of AVT-immunoreactive (AVT-ir) cells in the brain of T. natans. AVT-ir cell bodies were located in the preoptic area, amygdala pars medialis, ventral thalamus, dorsal hypothalamic nucleus, and nucleus of the solitary tract. AVT-ir fibers and terminal fields were widespread. We also identified a mesotocin-like peptide. The distribution of this peptide in the brain of T. natans was more restricted than the distribution of AVT. Mesotocin-like-immunoreactive cell bodies were located almost exclusively in the preoptic area, with only a few other cells located in the amygdala pars medialis. This caecilian species, therefore, possesses neurohypophysial peptides that are similar in their structure and distribution to the peptides found in anuran and urodele amphibian orders.	
Journal Article	Hilsmann, Volker	1998	Terrarienausstellung im Kölner Rheinpark 1968		Elaphe			6	4	31-32		Am Flachsberg 1, D-57489 Drolshagen, Germany	
Journal Article	Himes, John G.;Sheil, Christopher A.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Amphiuma means		Herpetological Review			29	2	105-106			
Journal Article	Himes, John G.	1998	Anolis carolinensis (Green Anole). Herbivory		Herpetological Review			29	4	236			
Journal Article	Himes, John G.	1998	Anolis carolinensis (Green Anole). Saurophagy		Herpetological Review			29	4	236-237			
Journal Article	Himes, John G.;Bryan, Ty W.	1998	Geographic distribution. Bufo americanus charlesmithi		Herpetological Review			29	4	246			
Journal Article	Hjarsen, Thor	1998	Replik vedrørende rødøret terrapin		Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening			41	5	117-118	Trachemys scripta elegans	thj@sns.dk	
Journal Article	Hnízdo, Jan	1998	Boiga multomaculata (Boie, 1827) im Terrarium		Elaphe			6	1	9-12		Moltkestr. 2, D-35390 Giessen, Germany	
Journal Article	Hobbs, Richard J.;Mooney, Harold A.	1998	Broadening the extinction debate: population deletions and additions in California and Western Australia		Conservation Biology			12	2	271-283			
Journal Article	Hobert, Justin;Montgomery, Chad;Childers, Theresa;Manzer, Jerry D.;Bergman, Enoch;Sifert, James;Hill, Ben;Mackessy, Stephen P.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Chelydra serpentina serpentina		Herpetological Review			29	2	109			
Journal Article	Hochleithner, C.	1998	Ultrasound in reptiles		ARAV 5th Ann. Conf. Sept 26-29					47-49	Reptilia, serpentes, sauria, testudines, technique, Ultrasound		
Journal Article	Hofer, Daniel	1998	Blindwühlen im Freiland und in Gefangenschaft. Beobachtungen aus 20-jähriger Amateurforschung [Caecilians in the wild and in captivity. Observations from 20 years of amateur research]		Herpetozoa			11	1/2	37-46		Holenackerstraße 65/C17, CH-3027 Bern, Switzerland	
Journal Article	Hofer, Daniel	1998	Antwort auf den Lesserbrief von Detlef Münch, in elaphe 3/1998: "Anmerkung zum Artikel von Daniel Hofer-Polit in der elaphe 1/98"		Elaphe			6	4	53-54			
Journal Article	Hoffman, J.;Katz, U.	1998	Glyconeogenesis and urea synthesis in the toad Bufo viridis during acclimation to water restriction (correction)		Physiological Zoology			71	5	595	concentration, equation, water		
Journal Article	Hoffman, J.;Katz, U.	1998	Glyconeogenesis and urea synthesis in the toad Bufo viridus during acclimation to water restriction		Physiological Zoology			71	1	85-92	liver glycogen, glucose		
Journal Article	Hoffman, J.;Katz, U.	1998	Glyconeogenesis and urea synthesis in the toad Bufo viridis during acclimation to water restriction		Physiological Zoology			71	1	85-92	metabolism, metabolic rate, osmosis, stress, acclimation, glycogen		
Journal Article	Hogan, Kevin D.;Smith, Donald D.	1998	Lampropeltis calligaster calligaster (Prairie Kingsnake). Albinism		Herpetological Review			29	2	104		Lakeside nature Center, 5600 East Gregory Blvd., Kansas City, MO 64132, USA	
Journal Article	Hollingsworth, Bradford D.	1998	The systematics of Chuckwallas (Sauromalus) with a phylogenetic analysis of other Iguanid lizards		Herpetological Monographs			12		38-191	Sauromalus; Iguanina; Iguanidae; Phylogeny; Taxonomy; Historical biogeography; Natural History; Morphology; Distribution; Speciation	b.holling@lasierra.edu	
Journal Article	Holman, J. Alan;Fay, Leslie P.	1998	Racers (Coluber constrictor) from a Quaternary fissure near Rockton, Illinois - An ancient hibernaculum?		Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society			33	1	9-10			
Book Section	Holman, J. Alan	1998	Amphibian recolonization of Midwestern states in the postglacial Pleistocene	Lannoo, M. J.	Status & Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians	Iowa City	University of Iowa Press			9-15			
Journal Article	Holomuzki, Joseph R.	1998	Grazing effects by green frog tadpoles (Rana clamitans) in a woodland pond		Journal of Freshwater Ecology			13	1	1-8			
Journal Article	Holomuzski, J. R. 	1998	Grazing effects of green frog tadpoles (Rana clamitans) in a woodland pond		J. Freshw. Ecol.			13		1-8			
Journal Article	Holycross, Andrew T.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Crotalus tigris		Herpetological Review			29	2	111			
Journal Article	Holycross, Andrew T.;Simonson, Rob	1998	Geographic Distribution. Lampropeltis triangulum		Herpetological Review			29	2	113-114			
Journal Article	Homer, B.L.;Berry, K.H.;Brown, M.B.;Ellis, G.;Jacobson, E.R.	1998	Pathology of diseases in wild desert tortoises from California		Journal of Wildlife Diseases			34	3	508-523	Reptilia, testudines, desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii, pathology, survey	Twenty-four ill or dead desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) were received between March 1992 and 1995 far necropsies fi-om the Mojave and Colorado deserts of California (USA). Diseases observed in these animals included cutaneous dyskeratosis (n = 7); shell necrosis (n = 2); respirator diseases (n = 7); urolithiasis (n = 3), and trauma (n = 5). In tortoises with cutaneous dyskeratosis the horn layer of shell was disrupted by multiple crevices and fissures and, in the most severe lesions, dermal bone showed osteoclastic resorption, remodeling, and osteopenia. In tortoises with shell necrosis, multiple foci of necrotic cell debris and heterophilic inflammation within the epidermal horn layer were subtended by necrotic dermal bone colonized by bacteria and fungi. Of the seven tortoises with respirator disease, five were diagnosed with mycoplasmosis. The diagnosis of mycoplasmosis was based on the presence of chronic proliferative rhinitis and positive serologic tests and, or isolation of Mycoplasma sp. Chronic fungal pneumonia was diagnosed in one tortoise with respiratory disease. In the three tortoises with urolithiasis, two were discovered dead, and the live tortoise had renal and articular gout. Traumatic injuries consisted of one tortoise entombed within its burrow one tortoise burned in a brush fire, two tortoises struck by moving vehicles, and one tortoise attacked by a predator While the primary cause of illness could be attributed to one or two major disease processes, lesions were often found in multiple organ systems, and a variety of etiologies were responsible for morbidity and mortality. BL Homer, Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA	
Journal Article	Horak, I. G.;Boomker, J.	1998	Parasites of domestic and wild animals in South Africa. XXXV. Ixodid ticks and bot fly larvae in the Bontebok National Park		Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research			65	3	205-211	Mammalia, artiodactyla, Bontebok, grey rhebok, hares, infection, acari, ixodid ticks, testudines, tortoises,	Ixodid ticks were collected during February of each year from 1983-1992 from bontebok and grey rhebok in the Bontebok National Park, Western Cape Province. When available other mammals as well as ground-nesting birds and leopard tortoises were examined. Eleven tick species were recovered. Rhipicephalus nitens followed by Rhipicephalus glabroscutatum and an lxodes sp. (near I. pilosus) were the most abundant, while Amblyomma marmoreum infested the widest host range. The larvae of three hot flies were also collected. Gedoelstia so. and Strobiloestrus sp. larvae were recovered from bontebok and grey rhebok and larvae of Oestrus ovis only from grey rhebok. IG Horak, Univ Pretoria, Fac Vet Sci, ZA-0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa	
Journal Article	Horstman, Gregory P.	1998	A logical, systematic analysis of a 177-year-old herpetological controversy: the Stephen H. Long Expedition (1820) amphisbaenid encounter		Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society			33	1	1-5			
Journal Article	Hortenbach, Gabriele;Hortenbach, Holger	1998	Haltung, Verhaltun und Nachzucht von Calabaria reinhardtii Schlegel, 1851 unter Terrarienbedingungen [Maintenance, behavior and breeding of Calabaria reinhardtii Schlegel, 1851 under captive conditions]		Salamandra			34	2	157-166		Arno-Bahndorf-Straße 4, D-04574 Deutzen, Germany	
Journal Article	Hoser, Raymond	1998	Death adders (genus Acathophis): An overview, including descriptions of five new species and one subspecies		Monitor			9	2	20-41		adder@smuggled.com	
Journal Article	Hoser, Raymond	1998	Colour change in death adders (Acanthophis antarcticus) and other reptiles		Monitor			10	1	4; 31		adder@smuggled.com	
Journal Article	Hoser, Raymond	1998	A new snake from Queensland, Australia (Serpentes: Elapidae)		Monitor			10	1	5-9; 31	Pailsus pailsei n. sp.	adder@smuggled.com	
Journal Article	Hoser, Raymond	1998	Lace monitors (Varanus varius) in the wild and in captivity in Australia, with reference to a collection of seven adults held in captivity for eight years		Monitor			10	1	22-30; 32; 35-36		adder@smuggled.com	
Journal Article	Hoser, Raymond	1998	Book Review: The Animal Dealers: Evidence of Abuse of Animals in the Commercial Trade 1952-1997		Monitor			10	1	61-62		adder@smuggled.com	
Journal Article	Houck, Lynne D.;Bell, Alison M.;Reagan-Wallin, Nancy L.;Feldhoff, Richard C.	1998	Effects of experimental delivery of male courtship pheromones on the timing of courtship in a terrestrial salamander, Plethodon jordani (Caudata: Plethodontidae)		Copeia			1998	1	214-219		houckl@bcc.orst.edu	
Book	Houston, Terry;Hutchinson, Mark	1998	Dragon Lizards and Goannas of South Australia, Second Edition			Adelaide	South Australian Museum			88 p.			
Journal Article	How, Travis L.;Bull, C. Michael	1998	Tiliqua rugosa (Sleepy Lizard). Mating Behavior and necrophilia		Herpetological Review			29	4	240			
Journal Article	Hoyos, Julio Mario	1998	A reapraisal of the phylogeny of lizards of the family Gymnophthalmidae (Sauria, Scincomorpha)		Revista Española de Herpetología			12		27-43			Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Laboratoire des Reptiles et Amphibiens, 25 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
Journal Article	Huang, Wen-San	1998	Reproductive cycles of the grass lizard, Takydromus hsuehshanensis, with comments on reproductive patterns of lizards from the central high elevation area of Taiwan		Copeia			1998	4	866-873		wshuang@nmns1.nmns.edu.tw	
Journal Article	Huang, Mei-hua;Yang, You-jin;Xie, Xingfu;Qu, Yun-fang	1998	Karyotype of the Chinese endemic species Boiga kraepelini Stejneger (Colubridae)		Russian Journal of Herpetology			5	1	43		Department of Biology, Zhejiang Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China	
Journal Article	Huang, Chun-mei	1998	Translations of: Two new species of amphibians in Tibet (Huang & Fei 1981) and Description of two new species of the genus Megophrys (Fei, Ye, & Huang)		Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service				118	1-20			
Journal Article	Huang, Wen-Suan	1998	Sexual size dimorphism and microhabitat use of two sympatric lizards, Spenomorphus taiwanensis and Takydromus hsuehshanensis, from the central highlands of Taiwan		Zoological Studies			37	4	302-308	Syntopic, lizards, sexual size difference, Squamata, Taiwan		
Journal Article	Huang, Chun-mei;Lathrop, Amy;Murphy, Robert W.	1998	Translations of two new species of amphibians in Tibet <Huang & Fei 1981> and Description of two new species of the genus Megophrys <Fei, Ye & Huang 1995>		Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service				118	1-20		drbob@rom.on.ca	
Journal Article	Hubbs, Brian	1998	Geographic Distribution. Lampropeltis triangulum celaenops		Herpetological Review			29	1	54			
Journal Article	Hughes, G.R.;Luschi, P.;Menacci, R.;Papi, F.	1998	The 7000-km oceanic journey of a leatherback turtle tracked by satellite		Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology			229		209-217	leatherback; migration		
Journal Article	Husak, Jerry F.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Eleutherodactylus marnockii		Herpetological Review			29	1	48			
Journal Article	Husak, Jerry F.;Wright, Jeff	1998	Geographic Distribution. Lampropeltis triangulum		Herpetological Review			29	2	114			
Journal Article	Husak, Jerry F.;Wright, Jeff	1998	Geographic Distribution. Salvadora grahamiae lineata		Herpetological Review			29	2	116			
Journal Article	Husband, Grant	1998	Captive maintenance and breeding of the spiny-tailed gecko Diplodactylus ciliaris at Territory Wildlife Park		Dactylus			3	3	117-120		Territory Wildlife Park, P.O. Box 771, Palmerston, NT 0831, Australia	
Journal Article	Ibargüengoytía, Nora R.;Cussac, Victor E.	1998	Reproduction of the viviparous lizard Liolaemus elongatus in the highlands of southern South America: Plastic cycles in response to climate?		Herpetological Journal			8	2	99-105		Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Unidad Postal Universidad del Comahue, Bariloche, 8400, Rio Negro, Argentina	
Journal Article	in den Bosch, Herman A. J.;Bout, Ron G.	1998	Relationships between maternal size, egg size, clutch size, and hatchling size in European lacertid lizards		Journal of Herpetology			32	3	410-417		indenbosch@rulsfb.leidenuniv.nl	
Journal Article	in den Bosch, H.A.J.;Klaasse, H.J.M.	1998	Calcium preparations [Kalkpreparaten]		Lacerta			56	5	162-176	Reptilia, testudines, sauria, serpentes, food, feeding, calcium		
Journal Article	in den Bosch, Herman A. J.	1998	Prodromus einer Liste der Amphibien und Reptilien Libanons Prodromus Amphibiorum et Reptiliorum Phoeniciae (Amphibia; Reptilia)		Faunistiche Abhandlungen Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde Dresden			21	2	9-17			
Journal Article	Ineich, Ivan;David, Patrick	1998	Leptodeira annulata (Banded Cat-Eyed Snake). Sexual Dimorphism		Herpetological Review			29	1	45		ineich@cimrs1.mnhn.fr	
Journal Article	Ineich, Ivan;Dia, Amadou Tidiane;Ly, Bocar Alpha;Colas, François	1998	Geographic Distribution. Geckonia chazaliae		Herpetological Review			29	1	51			
Journal Article	Ineich, Ivan	1998	Chamaelycus fasciatus (NCN). Diet		Herpetological Review			29	2	102		ineich@cimrs1.mnhn.fr	
Journal Article	Inger, Robert F.;Lakim, Maklarin	1998	Rediscovery of the Agamid lizard Calotes kinabaluensis de Grijs (Lacertidae: Agamidae) in Borneo, with notes on its habitat		Herpetological Review			29	3	143-144		inger@fmnh.org	
Journal Article	Inger, Robert F.;Kottelat, Maurice	1998	A new species of ranid frog from Laos		Raffles Bulletin of Zoology			46	1	29-34	Amolops cremnobatus sp. nov.		Division of Amphibians and Reptiles, Field Museum of Natural History, Roosevelt Road at Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605-2496, USA
Journal Article	Irschick, Duncan J.	1998	Morphological correlates of clining ability in Gekkonid and other pad-bearing lizards		Dactylus			3	2	49-55		Dept. of Biology, Campus Box 1137, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899, USA	
Journal Article	Irschick, Duncan J.;Losos, Jonathan B.	1998	A comparative analysis of the ecological significance of maximal locomotor performance in Caribbean Anolis lizards		Evolution			52	1	219-226			
Journal Article	Irschick, Duncan J.;Lobos, Jonathan B.	1998	A comparative analysis of the ecological significance of maximal locomotor performance in Caribbean Anolis lizards		Evolution			52	1	219-226			
Journal Article	Irschick, Duncan J.;Jayne, Bruce C.	1998	Effects of incline on speed, acceleration, body posture and hindlimb kinematics in two species of lizard Callisaurus draconoides and Uma scoparia		The Journal of Experimental Biology			201		273-287			
Journal Article	Irwin, S.;Irwin, T.;Lyon, B.;Lyon, S.	1998	Crocodiles vs people: a possible solution?		Wildlife Australia			Autumn 1998		36-39	CPR, consrvation, management, attack,		
Journal Article	Iskandar, D. T.	1998	Water snakes in Indonesia		Mertensiella			9		93-97		laboratory of Genetics, Jurusan Biologi, FMIPA, Institute of Technology, Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia	
Book	Iskandar, Djoko T.	1998	The Amphibians of Java and Bali			Indonesia	LIPI			xx, 117, 26 plates			
Book	Iskandar, Djoko T.	1998	Amfibi Jawa dan Bali			Indonesia	LIPI			xviii, 118, 26 plates			
Journal Article	Iverson, John B.;Berry, James F.	1998	Kinosternon chimalhuaca		Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles				651	1-2		Earlham College, Richmond, Indiana 47374, USA	
Journal Article	Iverson, John B.;Young, Cameron A.;Berry, James F.	1998	Kinosternon integrum		Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles				652	1-6		Earlham College, Richmond, Indiana 47374, USA	
Journal Article	Iverson, John B.	1998	Molecules, morphology, and mud turtle phylogenetics (Family Kinosternidae)		Chelonian Conservation and Biology			3	1	113-117		johni@earlham.edu	
Journal Article	Iwanaga, Setsuko	1998	Geographic Distribution. Polypedates leucomystax		Herpetological Review			29	2	107			
Journal Article	Iyer, Geetha	1998	Living with snakes in Rishi Valley		Cobra			33		55-57		Rishi Valley School, Rishi Valley, Chittor District, Andhra Pradesh, India	
Journal Article	Jablonski, Nina G.	1998	Ultraviolet light-induced neural tube defects in amphibian larvae and their implications for the evolution of melanized pigmentation and declines in amphibian populations		Journal of Herpetology			32	3	455-457		njablonski@calacademy.org	
Journal Article	Jablonski, Andrzej;Jablonska, Slawomira	1998	Egg-laying in the European pond turtle, Emys orbicularis (L.), in Leczynsko-Wlodawskie Lake District (East Poland)		Mertensiella			10		141-146		Muzeum Przyrodnicze Uniwersytetu Wroclawskiego, ul Sienkiewicza 21, PL-50-335 Wroclaw, Poland	
Journal Article	Jackman, J. A.;Tinsley, R. C.	1998	Paramphistome digeneans from Xenopus species (Pipidae) in Africa: taxonomy, host-specificity and biogeography		Systematic Parasitology			40		143-160			
Journal Article	Jackson, Joseph A.;Tinsley, Richard C.;Kigoolo, Stephen	1998	Polyploidy and parasitic infection in Xenopus species from Western Uganda		Herpetological Journal			8	1	19-22		School of Biol. Sci., Univ. of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UG, Great Britain	
Journal Article	Jackson, Dale R.;Ewert, Michael A.	1998	Geographic distribution. Pseudemys concinna suwanniensis		Herpetological Review			29	3	173-174			
Journal Article	Jacobsen, Niels H. G.	1998 (1999)	Book review: Field Guide to Snakes and Other Reptiles of Southern Africa		African Journal of Herpetology			47	2	77-79		P.O. Box 49193, Hercules 0030, South Africa	
Journal Article	Jacobson, E.;Schumacher, J.	1998	Inclusion body disease virus [Het insluitingen-ziekte-virus]		Litteratura serpentium			18	1	8-9	Reptilia, serpentes, infection, virus, retrovirus, inclusion body		
Journal Article	Jacobson, E. R.;Green, D. E.;Undeen, A. H.;Cranfield, M.;Vaughn, K. L.	1998	Systemic microsporidiosis in inland bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps)		Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine			29	3	315-323	Reptilia, sauria, microsporidia, lizard, bearded dragon, Pogona vitticeps, infection, protozoa, microspora	One laboratory-hatched and -reared inland bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) (No. 1) and two privately owned inland bearded dragons (Nos. 2 and 3) died, showing nonspecific signs of illness. Light microscopic examination of hematoxylin and eosin-stained tissue sections from lizard No. 1 revealed severe hepatic necrosis with clusters of light basophilic intracytoplasmic microorganisms packing and distending hepatocytes and free in areas of necrosis. Similar microorganisms were within cytoplasmic vacuoles in distended renal epithelial cells, pulmonary epithelial cells, gastric mucosal epithelial cells, enterocytes, and capillary endothelial cells and ventricular ependymal cells in the brain. In lizard Nos. 2 and 3, microorganisms of similar appearance were in macrophages in granulomatous inflammation in the colon, adrenal glands, and ovaries. The microorganism was gram positive and acid fast and had a small polar granule that stained using the periodic acid-Schiff reaction. Electron microscopic examination of deparaffinized liver of lizard No. 1 revealed merogonic and sporogonic stages of a protozoan compatible with members of the phylum Microspora. This report provides the first description of microsporidiosis in bearded dragons and is only the second report of this infection in a lizard. ER Jacobson, Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA	
Book Section	Jacobson, E.R.;Behler, J.L.;Jarchow, J.L.	1998	Health assessment of chelonians and release into the wild	Fowler, M.E. and Miller, R.E.	Zoo & wild animal medicine					232-242	fp; captivity		
Journal Article	Jaeger, Robert G.;Toft, Catherine A.	1998	Writing for scientific journals II: the review process		Herpetologica			54	Suppl.	S54-S63		Dept. of Biology, University of Southwestern Louisiana, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA	
Journal Article	Jaeger, Robert G.;Halliday, Tim R.	1998	On confirmatory versus exploratory research		Herpetologica			54	Suppl.	S64-S66		Dept. of Biology, University of Southwestern Louisiana, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA	
Journal Article	Jahn, Karen	1998	Ein Fall von Extremitätenanomalie bei Pelobates fuscus [A case of abnormal extremities in Pelobates fuscus]		Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie			5		65-69		kjahn@hum.de	
Journal Article	Jahn, Karen	1998	Der Einfluß von Körpergröße, Körpermasse und Alter auf die Laichmasse von Pelobates fuscus - Weibchen [The influence of the body length, body mass, and age on the clutch mass of Pelobates fuscus]		Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie			5		71-80		kjahn@hum.de	
Journal Article	James, Brian	1998	Carpet snake (Morelia spilota mcdowelli) eggs in a banana plantation		Monitor			9	2	9-13		P.O. Box 157, Babinda, QLD 4861, Australia	
Journal Article	Janert, B.	1998	A fibrosarcoma in a Siamese crocodile (Crocodylus siamensis)		Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine			29	1	72-77	Reptilia, sauria, crocodylia, Siamese crocodile, Crocodylus siamensis, pathology, tumor, fibrosarcoma, collagen type, immunohistochemical staining	A fibrosarcoma of periosteal origin was identified in the oral cavity of a 22-yr-old male captive Siamese crocodile (Crocodylus siamensis). The diagnosis was based upon the gross and light microscopical examination. The mesenchymal histogenesis was derived from the capability of the cells to produce collagen fibers. The invasive growth and the polymorphous cells in combination with the low mitotic index suggest a low-order malignancy. Attempts by immunohistochemical staining techniques to identify the specific lineage of the neoplastic cells and the expressed collagen type were unsuccessful. B Janert, Free Univ Berlin, Inst Vet Pathol, Str 518 NR 15, D-14163 Berlin, Germany.	
Journal Article	Janzen, F. J.;Wilson, M.E.;Tucker, J.K.;Ford, S.P.	1998	Endogenous yolk steroid hormones in turtles with different sex-determining mechanisms		General and Comparative Endocrinology			111		306-317	tsd		
Journal Article	Jared, C.;Antoniazzi, M. M.;Alemeida-Santos, S. M.	1998 (1999)	Predation of snakes by the young of opossum Didelphis marsupialis in captivity		The Snake			28	1-2	68-70		Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil 1500, CEP 05503-900, São Paulo, Brazil	
Journal Article	Jácomo, Anah Tereza A.;Silveira, Leandro	1998	Eunectes murinus (Green Anaconda). Diet		Herpetological Review			29	4	241-242			
Journal Article	Jehle, Robert;Hödl, Walter	1998	PITs versus patterns: effects of transponders on recapture rate and body condition of Danube crested newts (Triturus dobrogicus) and common spadefoot toads (Pelobates fuscus)		Herpetological Journal			8	4	181-186		Institue of Zoology, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria	
Journal Article	Jennings, Mark R.;Cook, David	1998	Taricha torosa torosa (Coast Range Newt). Predation		Herpetological Review			29	4	230			
Journal Article	Jennings, D. H.;Hanken., J.	1998	Mechanistic basis of life history evolution in anuran amphibians: thyroid gland development in the direct-developing frog, Eleutherodactylus coqui		General and Comparative Endocrinology			111		225-232			
Journal Article	Jensen, John B.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Hyla avivoca		Herpetological Review			29	1	48			
Journal Article	Jensen, John B.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Apalone spinifera aspera		Herpetological Review			29	1	50			
Journal Article	Jensen, John B.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Pseudemys concinna suwanniensis		Herpetological Review			29	1	50-51			
Journal Article	Jensen, John B.	1998	Bait preferences of Southeastern United States Coastal Plain riverine Turtles: Fish or fowl?		Chelonian Conservation and Biology			3	1	109-111		john_jensen@mail.dnr.state.ga.us	
Journal Article	Jensen, Frank H.	1998	Hold og opdræt af tæppepython		Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening			41	2	45-47		2605 Brøndby, Denmark	
Journal Article	Jensen, Kenneth	1998	Hold af påfugleøjedaggekko (Phelsuma quadriocellata quadriocellata)		Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening			41	2	47-48		Fabersvej 3, 6000 Kolding, Denmark	
Journal Article	Jensen, John B.;Johnson, Steve A.	1998	Geographic distribution. Ambystoma cingulatum		Herpetological Review			29	4	244			
Journal Article	Jensen, John B.	1998	Geographic distribution. Ambystoma talpoideum		Herpetological Review			29	4	244			
Journal Article	Jenssen, Thomas A.;Hovde, Katheryn A.;Taney, Kendall G.	1998	Size-related habitat use by nonbreeding Anolis carolinensis lizards		Copeia			1998	3	774-779		tjenssen@vt.edu	
Journal Article	Jenssen, Thomas A.;Hovde, Katheryn A.;Taney, Kendall G.	1998	Size-related habitat use by non-breeding Anolis carolinensis lizards		Copeia			1998	3	774-779			
Journal Article	Jeyasuria, P.;Place, A.R.	1998	Embryonic brain-gonadal axis in temperature-dependent sex determination of reptiles: A role for P450 aromatase (CYP19)		Journal of Experimental Zoology			281	5	428-449	Reptilia, sairia, testudines, development, environment, temperature, sex, brain-gonadal axis	Sex determination in egg-laying amniotes be fundamentally different from that of placental mammals. The mammalian ovary differentiates normally in the absence of estrogen, whereas estrogen seems to be crucial for proper ovarian development in birds, reptiles, and lower vertebrates. Estrogens are produced normally by the biosynthetic conversion of androgens by the enzyme aromatase (CYP19), which is the sole mediator of this reaction. Aromatase inhibitors are capable of reversing females to males in turtles and chickens; therefore, a role for aromatase as the female sex determinant has been postulated for species in which sex determination is temperature-dependent. The entire aromatase coding sequence (1,509 base pairs) from adult terrapin ovaries was cloned, and Northern analysis indicates a single transcript (2.4 kb) for adult ovaries, whereas male and female brains express a 2.4-kb as well as a 9.6-kb transcript. Using a sensitive (attomole sensitivity) competitive RT-PCR technique, aromatase transcript abundance was quantified during embryonic development for embryos treated with and without estrogen. Aromatase is transcribed, well before the temperature-sensitive, (stage 12), at both male and female temperatures in the brain. There is a switch to lower aromatase transcript abundance in the female brain concurrent with an exponential rise of aromatase transcript in the putative ovary. Transcripts remain below the detection Limits in the putative testes but exhibit female levels of aromatase transcript when treated with estrogen. Aromatase mRNA levels are generally reduced in the brain by estradiol application. On the basis of these findings, we have postulated a model based on the competition between 5 alpha-reductase and P450 aromatase for androgen substrate in both the brain and the undifferentiated gonad to explain the TSD phenomenon in reptiles. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. AR Place, Univ Maryland, Ctr Marine Biotechnol, Inst Biotechnol, 600 E Lombard St, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA	
Journal Article	Ji, Xiang;Zhou, Wenhui;Zhang, Xiaodong;Gu, Huiqing	1998	Sexual dimorphism and reproduction in the grass lizard Takydromus septentrionalis		Russian Journal of Herpetology			5	1	44-48		Department of Biology, Hangzhou Normal College, Hangzhou 310036, Zhejiang Province, China	
Journal Article	Jockusch, Elizabeth L.;Garcia-Paris, Mario	1998	Nototriton abscondens (Cordilleran Moss Salamander). Reproduction		Herpetological Review			29	1	38		Mus. Vert. Zool., Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA	
Journal Article	Joger, Ulrich	1998	Book review: "Amphibians and Reptiles of North Africa" and "Amphibians et Reptiles du Maroc (Sahara Occidental compris), Atlas biogéographique"		Herpetological Review			29	2	123-126		u.joger@hlmd.tu-darmstadt.de	
Journal Article	Joglar, Rafael L.;Rios-Lopez, Neftali	1998	Geographic Distribution. Eleutherodactylus coqui		Herpetological Review			29	2	107			
Journal Article	Joglar, Rafael L.;Rios-Lopez, Neftali;Cardona, María	1998	Geographic Distribution. Osteopilus septentrionalis		Herpetological Review			29	2	107			
Journal Article	Johnson, C.A.;Griffith, J.W.;Tenorio, P.;Hytrek, S.;Lang, C.M.	1998	Fatal trematodiasis in research turtles		Laboratory Animal Science			48	4	340-343	Reptilia, testudines, Trachemys scripta elegans, infection, helminth, trematode	During a 5-year period, 16 freshwater turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans and Chrysemys picta) that were purchased for research purposes died spontaneously. Clinical signs of disease included lethargy, constant swimming, swimming sideways, hemiplegia, and ulcerative lesions on the carapace. At necropsy, subcutaneous edema, hepatic necrosis, pancreatic necrosis, splenic necrosis, and intestinal parasites were identified. Histologically, trematode eggs were seen within the liver, brain, spleen, kidney, myocardium, lung, pancreas, testes, and bladder, and were associated with granulomatous reactions. The size and distribution of the eggs were consistent with Spirorchis sp. infection, although adults could not be found to confirm the species. Spirorchid flukes are 1 to 2 mm long and inhabit the heart and blood vessels where they produce eggs. Spirorchis parvus are capable of invading various tissues, including pancreas and the central nervous system. The pathogenicity of the flukes seems to be related to widespread deposition of the eggs, which may block small blood vessels within the intestines, causing necrosis and bacteremia. Antemortem diagnosis is made by direct examination of fecal smears for eggs. Postmortem diagnosis is accomplished by examination of tissues for adult parasites and microgranulomas associated with the fluke eggs. The parasite requires a snail intermediate host to complete its life cycle. Intramuscular or oral administration of praziquantel is reported to be an effective treatment. CA Johnson, Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Comparat Med, Hershey, PA 17033 USA	
Book Section	Johnson, Tom R.	1998	Missouri toad and frog calling survey: the first year	Lannoo, M. J.	Status & Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians	Iowa City	University of Iowa Press			357-359			
Journal Article	Jones, Lawrence L. C.;Raphael, Martin G.	1998	Ascaphus truei (Tailed Frog). Predation		Herpetological Review			29	1	39		USDA Forest Service, Pacific NW Res. Station, 3625 93rd Ave. SW, Olympia, WA 98512, USA	
Journal Article	Jones, Lawrence L. C.;Grayson, Suzanne	1998	Geographic distribution. Ensatina eschscholtzii		Herpetological Review			29	4	244			
Journal Article	Jones, J.C.;Greenberg, W.;Ayers, M.S.	1998	Computed tomographic evaluation of dinosaur egg shell integrity		Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound			39	2	133-136	Reptilia, sauria, dinosaur, anatomy, egg, shell	The purpose of this study was to determine whether computed tomography (CT) could be used to identify hatching holes in partially embedded dinosaur eggs. One Faveololithus and two Dendroolithus eggs were examined using a fourth generation CT scanner. The eggs were partially embedded in a fossilized sediment matrix, with the exposed portion of the shell appearing intact. In CT images of all three eggs, the shells appeared hyperdense relative to the matrix. Hatching holes were visible as large gaps in the embedded portion of the shell, with inwardly displaced shell fragments. It was concluded that CT is an effective technique for nondestructively assessing dinosaur egg shell integrity. JC Jones, Virginia Tech, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA	
Journal Article	Jones, Adam	1998	Nocturnal activity in captive varanid lizards		Herpetofauna			28	2	50-51		c/o Australian Herpetological Society, P.O. Box R79, Royal Exchange, Sydney NSW 2000, Australia	
Journal Article	Joy, James E.;Pennington, John L.	1998	ecology of Megalodiscus temperatus (Digenea: Paramphistomatidae) in Red-spotted newts, Notophthalmus v. viridescens, from West Virginia		Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington			65	2	205-211			
Journal Article	Jørgensen, Lene	1998	Mine Yemenkamæleoner!		Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening			41	2	39-41	Chamaeleo calyptratus	5270 Odense N, Denmark	
Journal Article	Jørgensen, Per	1998	Opdræt af grøn leguan		Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening			41	1	2-6		Brøndsted 129, 3670 Veksø, Denmark	
Journal Article	Jørgensen, Aslak	1998	Gekkoslægten Hoplodactylus Fitzinger 1843: En beretning om endemisme og gigantisme fra New Zealand		Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening			41	1	22-24		Arresøgade 4, 2200 København N, Denmark	
Journal Article	Jørgensen, C. Barker	1998	Role of urinary and cloacal bladders in chelonian water economy: historical and comparative perspectives		Biol. Rev.			73		347-366			
Journal Article	Jørgensen, M. B.;Kanneworff, M.	1998	Middle ear transmission in the grass frog, Rana temporaria		Journal of Comparative Physiology A			182		59-64			
Journal Article	Judin, Teemu	1998	Jemeninkameleontii: Mulkosilmäinen kummajainen [The Veiled Chameleon]		Herpetomania			7	1	5-14			
Journal Article	Junquera, C.;Martínez-Ciriano, C.;Castiella, T.;Aisa, J.;Blasco, J.;Peg, M. T.;Azanza, M. J.	1998	Intrinsic innervation of a reptilian esophagus (Podarcis hispanica)		Neurochemical Research			23	4	493-504			
Book Section	Juterbock, J. Eric	1998	Population sizes of two endangered Ohio plethodontid salamanders, Green Salamanders and Cave Salamanders	Lannoo, M. J.	Status & Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians	Iowa City	University of Iowa Press			49-54			
Journal Article	Jutterbock, J. Eric;Dennis, David M.	1998	Book review: How to Photograph Reptiles and Amphibians		Herpetological Review			29	3	187-188		juterbock.1@osu.edu	
Journal Article	Kabardina, Yulia A.;Lyapkov, Sergei M.	1998 (1999)	The development of sexually dimorphic characters in the process of postmetamorphic growth in the common frog (Rana temporaria)		Advances in Amphibian Research in the Former Soviet Union			3		123-142		Department of Evolutionary Theory and Darwinism, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119899 Russia	
Journal Article	Kabisch, K.;Herrmann, H.-J.;Klossek, P.;Luppa, H.;Brauer, K.	1998	Foam gland and chemical analysis of the foam of Polypedates leucomystax (Gravenhorst 1829) (Anura: Rhacophoridae)		Russian Journal of Herpetology			5	1	10-14		Interdisziplinäres Institut für Natur-und Umweltschutz der Universität Leipzig, Augustusplatz 10/11, D-04109, Germany	
Journal Article	Kabisch, Klaus	1998	Zum Befall von Bufo marinus (Linnaeus, 1758) mit Amblyomma dissimle Koch, 1844 in Costa Rica [On the infestation of Bufo marinus (Linnaeus, 1758) with the tick Amblyomma dissimile Koch 1844 in Costa Rica]		Sauria			20	4	53-56		Neue Leipziger Straße 26/504, D-04205 Leipzig, Germany	
Journal Article	Kaiser, Hinrich	1998	Book review: Frogs of the Genus Eleutherodactylus (Leptodactylidae) in Western Ecuador: Systematics, Ecology, and Biogeography		Herpetological Review			29	1	62-64		hkaiser@lasierra.edu	
Journal Article	Kala, N.	1998	Captive breeding of Varanus salvator andamanensis Deraniyagala, 1944		Hamadryad			22	2	122-123		Office of the Deputy Conservator of Forests, Wildlife Division 1, Haddo, Port Blair, Andaman Islands, India	
Journal Article	Kalezic, Milos L.;Cvetkovic, Dragana;Djorovic, Ana;Dzukic, Georg	1998	Alternative life-history pathways: paedomorphosis and adult fitness in European newts (Triturus vulgaris and T. alpestris)		J. Zoo. Syst. Evol. Research			34		1-7		ljkaca@ibiss.bg.ac.yu	
Journal Article	Kalezic, Milos L.;Djorovic, Ana	1998	Life history-dependent sexual size dimorphism in the crested newt, Triturus carnifex (Caudata)		Folia Zool			47	4	317-319		ljkaca@ibiss.bg.ac.yu	
Journal Article	Kam, Yeong-Choy;Chen, Te-Chih;Yang, Jeng-Tze;Yu, Fan-Chieh;Yu, Kuo-Ming	1998	Seasonal activity, reproduction, and diet of a riparian frog (Rana swinhoana) from a subtropical forest in Taiwan		Journal of Herpetology			32	3	447-452		biyckam@ncue4680.ncue.edu.tw	
Journal Article	Kam, Yeong-Choy;Lin, Chun-Fu;Lin, Yao-Sung;Tsal, Yea-Fen	1998	Density effects of oophagous tadpoles of Chirixalus eiffingeri (Anura: Rhacophoridae): importance of maternal brood care		Herpetologica			54	4	425-433		Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 50058, Taiwan	
Journal Article	Kam, Y.;Yen, C.;Hsu, C.	1998	Wter balance, growth, development, and survival of arboreal frog eggs (Chirixalus eiffingeri, Rhacophoridae): Importance of egg distribution in bamboo stumps		Physiological Zoology			71	5	534-540	mortality, water, devlopment, absorption, embryo		
Journal Article	Kannan, P.;Gokula, V.;Umapathy, G.;Venkatraman, C.	1998	Occurrence of the Indian Python (Python molurus) near coimbatore, Tamil nadu		Cobra			31		19		Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology & natural History, Kalampalayam (P.O.) Coimbatore 641010, India	
Journal Article	Kannan, P.;Venkatraman, C.	1998	Reptile fauna of Siruvani Hills, Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Tamil Nadu		Cobra			33		6-9		Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty (PO) Coimbatore 641 108, India	
Journal Article	Kapel, C. M. O.;Webster, P.;Bjorn, H.;Murrell, K. D.;Nansen, P.	1998	Evaluation of the infectivity of Trichinella spp. for reptiles (Caiman sclerops)		International Journal for Parasitology			28	12	1935-1937	reptilia, sauria, crocodylia, Caiman sclerops, infection, helminth, nematode, Trichinella	Experimental inoculation with nine well-characterised Trichinella isolates was performed on caimans (Caiman sclerops) to determine their infectivity for reptiles belonging to the family Crocodilidae. As controls, the same larval batches of Trichinella isolates were inoculated into mice and guinea pigs, It was suggested that Trichinella pseudospiralis was more likely to infect reptiles than encapsulating species, but whereas all Trichinella species established in mice and guinea pigs, the caimans remained negative. The finding that caimans could not be experimentally infected contrasts with a recent report on infections in farmed crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus). (C) 1998 Australian Society for Parasitology. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. CMO Kapel, Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Danish Ctr Expt Parasitol, 13 Bulowsvej, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, DENMARK	
Journal Article	Kapfer, Margit	1998	Froschbeobachtingen im Amazonastiefland		DATZ			51	9	583-587			
Journal Article	Kar, S. K.;Acharjyo, L. N.;Patnaik, S. K.	1998	Rehabilitation of crocodilians in Orissa		Cobra			33		23-26		c/o Chief Wildlife Warden, Orissa, 7-Saheed Nagar, Bhubaneswar 751 007, India	
Journal Article	Karasov, W. H.;Anderson, R. A.	1998	Correlates of average daily metabolism of field-active zebra-tailed lizards (Callisaurus draconoides)		Physiological Zoology			71	1	93-105			
Journal Article	Karasov, W. H.;Anderson, R. A.	1998	Correlates or average daily metabolism of field-active zebra-tailed lizards (Callisaurus draconoides)		Physiological Zoology			71	1	93-105	reptile, energetics, metabolic rate, body mass, juvenile, egg laying, temperature		
Book	Katagiri, Chiaki	1998	[Developmental biology of Amphibians]			Hokkaido	Hokkaido University			xxii, 374			
Journal Article	Kato, Junk;Hikida, Tsutomu;Bogadek, Anthony;Lau, Michael W.;Ota, Hidetoshi	1998	Karyotype of the Chinese four-lined skink, Eumeces quadrilineatus (Reptilia: Scincidae), from Hong Kong		Raffles Bulletin of Zoology			46	1	35-40			
Journal Article	Kats, Lee B.;Goodsell, Jeff A.;Matthews, Nicole;Bahn, Cathy;Blaustein, Andrew R.	1998	Taricha torosa (California Newt). Predation		Herpetological Review			29	4	230			
Journal Article	Kaverkin, Yuri I.;Orlov, Nikolai L.	1998	Captive breeding of cat geckos, Aeluroscalabotes felinus		Dactylus			3	2	87-89		Reptile Breeding Station, "Medicine, Ecology, Culture & Sport" Foundation, Staraya Basmannaya St. 7, Bld. 2, Moscow 103064, Russia	
Journal Article	Kawamichi, Takeo;Ueda, Hirotaka	1998	Spawning at nests of extra-large males in the giant salamander Andrias japonicus		Journal of Herpetology			32	1	133-136		pika@sci.osaka-cu.ac.jp	
Journal Article	Kästle, Werner	1998	Buchbesprechungen: Boas und Pythons - Pflege und Zucht		Elaphe			6	3	52-53			
Journal Article	Kästle, Werner	1998	Buchbesprechungen: Leguane		Elaphe			6	3	53-54			
Journal Article	Kearney, Michael;Downes, Sharon	1998	Underwoodisaurus milii (Thick-tailed Gecko). Cross predation		Herpetological Review			29	3	169		Dept. of Ecol. & Evol., Monash University, VIC 3168, Australia	
Journal Article	Keck, M. B.	1998	Habitat use by semi-aquatic snakes at ponds on a reclaimed strip mine		The Southwestern Naturalist			13	1	13-19	ecology, conservation, population, Agkistrodo, Nerodia		
Journal Article	Keefer, Steven D.;Loeffler, Charles W.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Kinosternon flavescens flavescens		Herpetological Review			29	1	50			
Journal Article	Keller, Claudia;Díaz-Paniagua, Carmen;Andreu, Ana C.	1998	Survival rates and causes of mortality of Testudo graeca hatchlings in southwestern Spain		Journal of Herpetology			32	2	238-243		keller@cica.es	
Journal Article	Keller, Claudia;Andreu, Ana C.;Ramo, Christina	1998	Aspects of the population structure of Emys orbicularis hispanica from southwestern Spain		Mertensiella			10		147-158		keller@cica.es	
Journal Article	Keller, C.	1998	Assessment of reproductive state in the turtle Mauremys leprosa: a comparison between inguinal palpation and radiography		Wildlife Research			25	5	527-531	Reptilia, testudines, Mauremys leprosa, propaggation, pregnancy, diagnosis, palpation	Inguinal palpation and radiography were carried out simultaneously on a sample of 387 adult female Mediterranean turtles, Mauremys leprosa, to assess the presence of calcified oviductal eggs. A significantly higher frequency of pregnant females was obtained through radiography. Egg-bearing females (as shown on radiographs) with positive palpation tended to have significantly larger clutches than did females with negative palpation, Clutches in the earlier calcification stages were less likely to be detected by palpation than were more calcified eggs. The frequency of positive palpations of egg-bearing females varied significantly throughout the nesting season, as a function of variations in both clutch size and average calcification level.  C Keller, Estac Biol Donana, Apdo 1056, Seville 41080, SPAIN	
Journal Article	Keller, C.;Diazpaniagua, C.;Andreu, A.C.	1998	Survival rates and causes of mortality of Testudo graeca hatchlings in southwestern Spain		Journal of Herpetology			32	2	238-243	Reptilia, testudines, Testudo graeca, hatchling, youth, pathology, survey	We assessed mortality causes and survival rates for 59 free ranging Testudo graeca hatchlings. Individuals were followed for varying lengths of time from emergence from the nest in August-September to April using thread-trailing. Hatchlings died from unknown causes, mainly soon after emergence and belonged mainly to clutches which contained also unhatched eggs. Other causes of mortality were predation, car traffic, and trampling by large ungulates during the activity season (autumn and spring). Predation was low, and available data on potential predator diets also indicate low predation upon hatchlings. We found seasonal differences in survival; highest survival was in winter and lowest in spring. The overall survival rate for the 8 mo period was 0.39. Mortality causes registered during continuous monitoring were similar to anecdotal observations recorded over an 11 yr period. C Keller, Estac Biol Donana, Apdo 1056, Seville 41080, Spain	
Journal Article	Kennett, R.;Christian, K.;Bedford, G.	1998	Underwater nesting by the Australian freshwater turtle Chelodina rugosa: effect of prolonged immersion and eggshell thickness on incubation period, egg survivorship, and hatchling size		Canadian Journal of Zoology - Revue Canadienne de Zoologie			76	6	1019-1023	Reptilia, testudines, long-necked turtle, Chelodina rugosa, propagation, water, breeding, under water	The northern long-necked turtle, Chelodina rugosa, occupies seasonally ephemeral freshwater wetlands in the wet-dry tropics of northern Australia. The species has a highly unusual nesting strategy in that nesting takes place under water when wetland habitats are flooded. Embryonic development proceeds when floodwaters recede during the annual dry season and hatchling emergence coincides with the start of the following wet season. This study examined the influence of duration of immersion of eggs on hatchling size and hatching success under laboratory conditions. Prolonged immersion of eggs in water results in smaller hatchlings and shorter incubation times, but does not increase egg mortality during incubation. Leaching of calcium from the eggshell, resulting in reduced availability of calcium to the developing embryo, may explain the smaller hatchlings and shorter incubation period. Hatchlings from thin-shelled eggs, in which shell formation was incomplete, were smaller and hatched sooner, indicating that the eggshell plays a role in determining hatchling size and incubation period. Thin-shelled and normal eggs had equivalent egg survivorship, indicating that the eggshell is unimportant in egg survival during immersion. R Kennett, No Terr Univ, Fac Sci, Darwin, NT 0909, AUSTRALIA	
Journal Article	Kennett, R.;Christian, K.;Bedford, G.	1998	Underwater estivation by the Australian freshwater turtle Chelodina rugosa: effect of prolonged immersion on inucbation period, egg survivorship, and hatchling size		Canadian Journal of Zoology			76			tsd; egg; survival		
Journal Article	Keogh, J. Scott	1998 (1999)	Book review: Field Guide to Snakes and Other Reptiles of Southern Africa		African Journal of Herpetology			47	2	81-82		Division of Botany and Zoology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia	
Journal Article	Kerby, J. L.;Kats., L. B.	1998	Modified interactions between salamander life stages caused by wildfire-induced sedimentation		Ecology			79		740-745			
Journal Article	Khan, Mohammed Ali Reza	1998	First record of Occidozyga lima (Gravenhorts, 1829) from Bangladesh		Hamadryad			22	2	129-130		Zoo Section, Dubai Municipality, P.O. Box 67, Dubi, United Arab Emirates	
Journal Article	Kiefer, Mara Cíntia	1998	Anotosaura brachylepis (NCN). Predation		Herpetological Review			29	1	41		Dept. de Zool., Instituto de Biol., Univ. Estaduat de Campinas, Caixa Postal 6109, 13081-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil	
Journal Article	Kiefer, Mara Cíntia	1998	Geographic Distribution. Pseudablabes agassizii		Herpetological Review			29	1	54			
Journal Article	Kiesecker, Joseph M.	1998	Book review: Amphians in Decline: Canadian Studies of a Global Problem		Copeia			1998	3	813-815		joseph.kiesecker@yale.edu	
Journal Article	Kiesecker, J. M.;Blaustein., A. R.	1998	Effects of introduced bullfrogs and small mouth bass on microhabitat use, growth, and survival of native red-legged frogs (Rana aurora)		Conservation Biology			12		776-787			
Journal Article	Kim, B.;Smith, T. G.;Desser, S. S.	1998	The life history and host specificity of Hepatozoon clamatae (Apicomplexa: Adeleorina) and ITS-1 nucleotide sequence variation of Hepatozoon species of frogs and mosquitoes from Ontario		J Parasitol			84	4	789-97	Animal; Apicomplexa/growth & development/genetics/*physiology; Base Sequence; Culex/parasitology; Culicidae/*parasitology; DNA, Protozoan/chemistry; Molecular Sequence Data; Ontario; Parasitemia/parasitology/veterinary; Protozoan Infections, Animal/*parasitology/transmission; Rana catesbeiana/parasitology; Rana pipiens/parasitology; Ranidae/*parasitology; Species Specificity; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Variation (Genetics)	The life cycle of an intraerythrocytic hemogregarine, Hepatozoon clamatae, was studied in green frogs (Rana clamitans melanota), bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana), northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens), and in the mosquito, Culex territans. Gametogenesis, fertilization, and sporogony occurred within cells of the Malpighian tubules of laboratory- reared Cx. territans that had fed on naturally infected frogs. Mature oocysts containing hundreds of sporocysts were observed in mosquitoes 30 days postfeeding. Each sporocyst enclosed 4 sporozoites. Merozoites appeared in the peripheral circulation of laboratory-reared bullfrogs, green frogs and leopard frogs that had been fed sporocysts 35-70 days previously. Attempts to infect American toads (Bufo americanus) and blue-spotted salamanders (Ambystoma laterale) were not successful. Gamonts of this parasite induced nuclear fragmentation or segmentation in host erythrocytes. The life cycle, morphological, and morphometric features of H. clamatae are compared with H. catesbianae, a similar species that also infects ranids. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS-1) of these sympatric species revealed that only 6 nucleotide sites of the 129 base pairs of this region were variable among 4 isolates of H. clamatae and 2 isolates of H. catesbianae. A redescription of H. clamatae is presented based on data from this study and from the original description by Stebbins in 1905.	
Journal Article	Kime, N. M.;Rand, A. S.;Kapfer, M.;Ryan, M. J.	1998	Consistency of female choice in the túngara frog: a permissive preference for complex characters		Animal Behaviour			55		641-649	sexual selection, acoustic communication, Amphibia, Anura, phonotaxis, Physalaemus pustulosus		
Journal Article	King, Lori;Zahn, A. S.	1998	Komodo Dragons: will the "Dragon" give back to humanity?		Fauna			1	3	52-57			
Journal Article	King, J. M.;Kuchling, G.;Bradshaw, S. D.	1998	Thermal environment, behavior, and body condition of wild Pseudemydura umbrina (Testudines: Chelidae) during late winter and early spring		Herpetologica			54	1	103-112		Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6907, Australia	
Journal Article	Kinney, Owen M.;Nagle, Roy D.;Congdon, Justin D.	1998	Water transport by nesting painted turtles (Chrysemys picta marginata) in Michigan		Chelonian Conservation and Biology			3	1	71-76	eggs; nesting; reproduction; water storage; radiography	omkinney@arches.uga.edu	
Journal Article	Kirmair, Irene	1998	Brandwunden bei Reptilien		Elaphe			6	1	23-24		Mulfingerstr. 27, D-84453 Mühldorf am Inn, Germany	
Journal Article	Kirschey, Tom	1998	Buchbesprechung: Amphibian populations of the Commonwealth of Independant States: Current Status and Declines		Sauria			20	2	10		Altgul 23, D-16259 Rathsdorf, Germany	
Journal Article	Kirschey, Tom	1998	Neuer Vertikalnachweis des Schelkownikow-Laubfroschs (Hyla arborea schelkownikowi Czernov, 1926) aus dem Nordwestkaukasus [New data on altitudinal distribution of Shelkovnikov's tree frog (Hyla arborea schelkownikowi Czernov, 1926) from the northwestern Caucasus]		Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie			5		235-237		Altgaul 23, D-16259 Rathsdorf, Germany	
Journal Article	Kirschey, Tom	1998	Buchbesprechung: Ecophysiology of Amphibians inhabiting Xerix Environments		Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie			5		260			
Journal Article	Kirschner, Andreas;Koschorke, Hartmut	1998	Varanus yuwonoi Harvey & Barker		Sauria			20	4	2		Herrmann-Hesse-Str. 6, D-76189 Karlsruhe, Germany	
Journal Article	Kissner, Kelley J.;Secoy, Diane M.;Forbes, Mark R.	1998	Sexual dimorphism in size of cloacal glands of the garter snake, Thamnophis radix haydeni		Journal of Herpetology			32	2	268-270		Dept. of Biology, Charleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ONT KIS 5B^, Canada	
Journal Article	Kizirian, David A.;McDiarmid, Roy W.	1998	A new species of Bachia (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) with plesiomorphic limb morphology		Herpetologica			54	2	245-253		Dept. of Herpetology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th St., New York, NY 10024-5192, USA	
Journal Article	Klassen, M. A. 	1998	Observations on the breeding and development of the plains spadefoot, Spea bombifrons, in southern Alberta. 		Canadian Field Naturalist			112		387-392			
Journal Article	Klemens, Michael W.	1998	The male nuptial characteristics of Arthroleptides martiensseni Neiden, an endemic torrent frog from Tanzania's Eastern Arc Mountains		Herpetological Journal			8	1	35-40		Dept. of Herpetol., American Mus. Nat. Hist., Central Park West at 79th st., New York, NY 10024, USA	
Journal Article	Klemens, M.W.	1998	The role of veterinarians in monitoring the health status of free-ranging chelonians.		ARAV 5th Ann. Conf. Sept 26-29					111-112.	Reptilia, testudines, infetion, trauma, therapy		
Journal Article	Klier, David	1998	Frilled to bits - Breeding frill-necked lizards (Chlamydosaurus kingii)		Monitor			9	2	50-53		47 Harcourt Ave., Kealba, VIC 3021, Australia	
Book Section	Kline, Joanne	1998	Monitoring amphibians in created and restored wetlands	Lannoo, M. J.	Status & Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians	Iowa City	University of Iowa Press			360-368			
Journal Article	klukowski, M.;Jenkinson, N. M.;Nelson, C. E.	1998	Effects of  testosterone on locomotor performnce and growth in field-active northern fence lizards, Sceloporus undulatus hyacinthinus		Physiological Zoology			71	5	506-514	steroid, speed, physiology, growth, body composition		
Journal Article	Knapp, Chuck;Buckner, Sandra	1998	Geographic Distribution. Cyclura cyclura figginsi		Herpetological Review			29	1	51			
Book	Kneitz, Stephan	1998	Untersuchungen zur Populationsdynamik und zum Ausbreitungsverhalten von Amphibien in der Agrarlandschaft			Bochum, Germany	Laurenti Verlag			240			
Journal Article	Kobegenova, Saidina S.;Shalgimbaeva, Saule M.;Makhanova, Faiza M.	1998 (1999)	Morphology of the tongue in the Semirechensk salamander (Ranodon sibiricus) during metamorphosis		Advances in Amphibian Research in the Former Soviet Union			3		153-161		Faculty of Biology, Kazakh State University, Al-Farabi Prospect 71, Alma-Ata 480078, Kazakhstan	
Journal Article	Kobegenova, Saidina S.;Kuzmin, Sergius L.	1998 (1999)	A comparison of the skin of the semirechensk salamander (Ranodon sibiricus) and the Siberian newt (Salamandrella keyserlingii)		Advances in Amphibian Research in the Former Soviet Union			3		143-152		Faculty of Biology, Kazakh State University, Al-Farabi Prospect 71, Alma-Ata 480078, Kazakhstan	
Journal Article	Kobel, H. R.;Barandun, B.;Thiébaud, Ch. H.	1998	Mitochondrial rDNA phylogeny in Xenopus		Herpetological Journal			8	1	13-17		Lab. de Génétique, Dépt. de Zool. et de Biol. Animale, 154 Route de Malagnou, CH-1224 Chêne-Bougeries/Genève, Switzerland	
Journal Article	Kober, Ingo	1998	Stirnlappenbasilisken im Terrarium		Elaphe			6	3	9-14		Neuhöfe 4a, D-35041 Marburg, Germany	
Journal Article	Kober, Ingo	1998	Ungewöhnliches Verhalten einer verletzten Gelbkehlschildechse		Elaphe			6	4	17-18		Am Großen Wald 6, D-69251 Gailberg, Germany	
Journal Article	Koike, H.;Okayama, T.;Baba, Y.	1998	Conservation and genetics of CITES animal species		Mertensiella			9		37-44		Graduate School of Social and Cultural Studies, Kyushu University, Ropponmatsu 4-2-1, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka, 810 Japan	
Journal Article	Koivu, Tuomas	1998	Sammakoita salamanvälkkeessä: Eli miten kuvata pientä terraarioeläintä [Close-up photography in the terrarium]		Herpetomania			7	1	15-20			
Journal Article	Koivu, Tuomas	1998	Elämänohjeita terraarioharrastusta aloittelevalle: Terraarioharrastuksen perusteita, osa II		Herpetomania			7	1	36-37			
Journal Article	Koivu, Tuomas	1998	Sopivan lajin valitseminen Terraarioharrastuksen perusteita, osa III		Herpetomania			7	2	20-24			
Journal Article	Koivu, Tuomas	1998	Kongressi vastasi odotuksia		Herpetomania			7	2	36-40			
Journal Article	Koivu, Tuomas	1998	Afrikkalainen kynsisammakko Xenopus laevis akvaarion asukkaana [African clawed frog - Inhabitant of the terrarium]		Herpetomania			7	3/4	28-32			
Journal Article	Koivu, Tuomas	1998	Päänsärkyä soumuista eli miten ripsusisilisko tunnistetaan [Scales cause headache - how to identify Acanthodactylus sp.]		Herpetomania			7	3/4	34-37			
Journal Article	Koivu, Tuomas	1998	Katsauksessa "Herpetologiset" B-leffat [Review: "Herpetological" B-movies		Herpetomania			7	3/4	54-56			
Journal Article	Koivu, Tuomas	1998	Perusruokaa jauhomadoista [Mealworms - a basic food]		Herpetomania			7	3/4	58-59			
Journal Article	Koivu, Toumas	1998	Introduktion till Finlands Herpetologiska Förening		Snoken			28	3	25-26		Valpuri Innamaan katu 5C 83, 20610 Turku, Finland	
Journal Article	Kok, Philippe	1998	Anolis nitens chrysolepis (Goldenscale Anole). Predation		Herpetological Review			29	1	41		Dept. of Herpetol., Institut royal des Sci. Nat. de Belgique, 29 rue Vautier, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium	
Journal Article	Kok, Philippe	1998	Geographic distribution. Ctenophryne geayi		Herpetological Review			29	4	246			
Journal Article	Kolbe, Jason J.	1998	Terrapene ornata ornata (Ornate Box Turtle). Diet		Herpetological Review			29	4	235			
Journal Article	Kolle, P.;Hoffman, R.	1998	Keeping of reptiles		Deutsche Tierarztliche Wochenschrift			105	3	107-108	Reptilia, testudines, sauria, serpentes, management, food, feeding	Keeping of reptiles in captivity is permanently increasing. As there exists such a great number of species of reptiles, the conditions of the natural habitat of the kept species have to be imitated as exactly as possible. Disorders in reptiles are often caused by inedequate maintainance. P Kolle, Maximilians Univ Munchen, Inst Zool Fischereibiol, & Fischkrankheiten, Tierarztlichen Fak, D-80539 Munich, Germany	
Journal Article	Kolmstetter, C.M.;Frazier, D.;Cox, S.;Ramsay, E.C.	1998	Pharmacokinetics of metronidazole in the green iguana, Iguana iguana		Bull. Association of Reptilian and Amphibian veterinarians			8	3	4-7	Reptilia, sauria, Iguana, pathology, pharmacokinetic, metronidazole	Endnote 99/30	
Journal Article	Komoroski, M. J.;Nagle, R. D.;Congdon, J. D.	1998	Relationships of lipids to ovum size in amphibians		Physiological Zoology			71	6	633-641	embryo, development, metabolism, ova, environment, neonate		
Journal Article	Komoroski, M. J.;Nagle, R.;Congdon., J. D.	1998	Relationships of lipids to ovum size in amphibians		Physiological Zoology			71		633-641			
Journal Article	Kopp-Hamberger, Maja	1998	Eine Methode zur individuellen Erkennung von Feuersalamandern (Salamandra salamandra terrestris) anhand des Zeichnungsmusters		Salamandra			34	3	239-244		Institut Für Natur-, Landschafts- und Umweltschutz der Universität Basel, Abteilung Biologie, St. Johanns-Vorstadt 10, CH 4056 Basel, Switzerland	
Journal Article	Kornacker, Paul M.	1998	Zum Lebensalter des Grünen Leguans (Iguana iguana) im Terrarium (Reptilia: Sauria: Iguanidae) [Longevity of green iguana (Iguana iguana) in the terrarium]		Salamandra			34	2	183-185		Locher Straße 18, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany	
Journal Article	Kornacker, Paul M.;Dederichs, Ursula	1998	Herpetologische Eindrücke einer Venezuelareise - Teil 2: Die Llanos		Elaphe			6	3	68-73		Locher Str. 18, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany	
Journal Article	Kornacker, Paul M.;Meyer zu Heyde, Christian	1998	Herpetologische Eindrücke einer Venezuelareise Teil 3: El Embalse de Guri - der Guri-Stausee		Elaphe			6	4	61-69		Locher Str. 18, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany	
Journal Article	Kou, Zhi-tong	1998	Survey of amphibians of Mengla County, Xishuang Banna, Southern Yunnan Province		Russian Journal of Herpetology			5	1	49-50		Department of Biology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China	
Journal Article	Koudela, B.;Modry, D.	1998	New species of Cryptosporidium (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) from lizards		Folia Parasitologica			45	2	93-100	Reptilia, Sauria, Schneider's skink, Eumeces, infection, protozoa, apicomplexa, Cryptosporidium saurophilum sp. n., transmission	A new Cryptosporidium species, C. saurophilum, is described from Schneider's skinks Eumeces schneideri Daudin, 1802. Oocysts were fully sporulated in fresh faeces and measured 5.0 x 4.7 mu m (4.4-5.6 x 4.2-5.2 mu m). The new species differs from C, serpentis Levine, 1980 by having smaller oocysts, developing in a different location of intestine, and by the inability to infect snakes. B Koudela, Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Parasitol, Branisovska 31, CR-37005 Ceske Budejovice,, Czech Republic	
Journal Article	Koudela, B.;Didier, E.S.;Rogers, L.B.;Modry, D.;Kucerova, S.	1998	Intestinal microsporidiosis in African skink Mabuya perrotetii		Folia Parasitologica			45	2	149-155	Reptilia, sauria, skink, infection, protozoa, microsporidia, Encephalitozoon	Intestinal microsporidiosis was documented by detecting abundant slightly curved spores (2.9 x 1.2 mu m) in the faeces of five of twelve skinks Mabuya perrotetii Dumeril et Bibron, 1839 that originated from Ghana. Clinically, the microsporidiosis was characterized by decreased appetite, diarrhea, and weight loss. Histopathological changes consisted of villous atrophy, blunting of mucosa and flattening of individual epithelial cells in the large intestine. The ultrastructure of microsporidian spores was consistent with an Encephalitozoon species. The PCR-RFLP assay and the heteroduplex mobility shift analyses were used to verify that the skink microsporidian is a species of the genus Encephalitozoon Levaditi, Nicolau et Schoen, 1923 and indicate that this microsporidian is not E. hellem, E. intestinalis or a strain of E. cuniculi. The microsporidia in African skink represent an Encephalitozoon species morphologically identical to Encephalitozoon lacertae Canning, 1981. B Koudela, Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Parasitol, Branisovska 31, CR-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic	
Journal Article	Köhler, Jörn;Reichle, Steffen	1998	Geographic distribution. Cochranella pluvialis		Herpetological Review			29	3	172			
Journal Article	Köhler, Gunther;Monzel, Markus	1998	Buchbesprechung: Contributions to West Indian Herpetology: A Tribute to Albert Schwartz		Sauria			20	3	23-24		Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Senckenberg, Sektion Herpetologie, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Franfurt, Germany	
Journal Article	Köhler, Gunther	1998	Ctenosaura bakeri Stejneger		Sauria			20	3 Supplement	417-420		Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Senckenberg, Sektion Herpetologie, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Franfurt, Germany	
Journal Article	Köhler, Gunther	1998	Schutz- und Forschungsprojekt Utila-Schwarzleguan: Die Nachzucht von Ctenosaura bakeri Stejneger, 1901 im ex-situ-Zuchtprogramm		Salamandra			34	3	227-238		Im Mittelfeld 27, D-63075 Offenbach, Germany	
Journal Article	Köhler, Gunther	1998	Geographic distribution. Eletherodactylus lauraster		Herpetological Review			29	4	246			
Journal Article	Köhler, Gunther;Seipp, Robert	1998	Geographic distribution. Sibon annulatus		Herpetological Review			29	4	249			
Journal Article	Köhler, Gunther	1998	Zum 75. Geburtstag von Alfred A. Schmidt		Elaphe			6	4	26-28			
Journal Article	Köhler, Gunther;Schmidt, Fabian;Eusemann, Pascal	1998	Morphologie, Verbreitung und Fortpflanzung der Stachelschuppenleguane in El Salvador: 1. Sceloporus squamosus Bocourt, 1874 [Morphology, distribution, and reproduction of the spiny lizards of El Salvador: 1. Sceloporus squamosus Bocourt, 1874]		Salamandra			34	4	301-308		Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Senckenberg, Sektion Herpetologie, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Franfurt, Germany	
Journal Article	Köhler, Gunther	1998	Further additions to the known herpetofauna of Isla de Utila (Islas de la Bahia, Honduras) with notes on other species and a key to the amphibians and reptiles of the island (Amphibia, Reptilia)		Senckenbergiana Biologica			77	2	139-145			
Journal Article	Köhler, Gunther;Obermeier, Michael	1998	A new species of anole of the Norops crassulus group from central Nicaragua (Reptilia: Sauria: Iguanidae)		Senckenbergiana Biologica			77	2	127-137	Norops wermuthi n. sp.		
Journal Article	Kölle, P.;Baur, M.;Hoffmann, R.	1998	Elf Kardinalfehler bei der Landschildkrötenpflege		DATZ			51	12	796-799			
Journal Article	Krawchuk, Margaret A.;Brooks, Ronald J.	1998	Basking behavior as a measure of reproductive cost and energy allocations in the painted turtles, Chrysemys picta		Herpetologica			54	1	112-121		Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Guelph, Guelph, Ont. N1G 2W1, Canada	
Journal Article	Kretzschmar, Sonia	1998	Geographic Distribution. Liotyphlops ternetzii		Herpetological Review			29	2	114			
Journal Article	Krishnamurthy, V.;Gopalakrishnan, A. V.	1998	Health care of reptiles in captive condition		Cobra			33		49-54			
Journal Article	Kroker, Berthold	1998	Erfahrungen bei der Haltung und Vermehrung von Iguana iguana		Elaphe			6	1	2-8		Strutrain 13, D-73492 Rainau, Germany	
Journal Article	Kromdeur, J.	1998	Long-term fitness benefits of egg sex modification by the Seychelles warbler		Ecology Letters			1		56-62	sex ratio; gsd; birds		
Journal Article	Krysko, Kenneth L.;Krysko, Leonard E.;Dierking, Brian	1998	Lampropeltis getula floridana (Florida Kingsnake). Combat ritual		Herpetological Review			29	2	104		Dept. of Biol. Sci., University Park Campus, Florida International Univ., Miami, FL 33199, USA	
Journal Article	Krysko, Kenneth L.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Lampropeltis calligaster rhombomaculata		Herpetological Review			29	2	113			
Journal Article	Krysko, Kenneth L.;Krysko, Leonard E.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Lampropeltis getula getula		Herpetological Review			29	2	113			
Journal Article	Krysko, Kenneth L.;Reppas, Anthony T.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Storeria dekayi wrightorum		Herpetological Review			29	2	116			
Journal Article	Krysko, Kenneth L.;Hurt, Chuck	1998	Geographic distribution. Lampropeltis calligaster occipitolineata		Herpetological Review			29	3	177			
Journal Article	Krysko, Kenneth L.;Reppas, Thony T.	1998	Ophisaurus ventralis (Eastern Glass Lizard) Nocturnal activity		Herpetological Review			29	4	239			
Book Section	Krzysik, Anthony J.	1998	Amphibians, ecosystems, and landscapes	Lannoo, M. J.	Status & Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians	Iowa City	University of Iowa Press			31-41			
Book Section	Krzysik, Anthony J.	1998	Ecological design and analysis: principles and issues in environmental monitoring	Lannoo, M. J.	Status & Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians	Iowa City	University of Iowa Press			384-403			
Book Section	Krzysik, Anthony J.	1998	Geographic information systems, landscape ecology, and spatial modeling	Lannoo, M. J.	Status & Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians	Iowa City	University of Iowa Press			404-428			
Journal Article	Kuch, Ulrich	1998	Fälle von Keratophagie bei einer Anden-Schlanknatter (Alsophis elegans), einem Bänderkrait (Bungarus fasciatus) und einem Vielbindenkrait (Bungarus multicinctus) mit einer Übersicht zur Keratophagie bei Schlangen		Salamandra			34	1	7-16		Hölderlinstraße 48, D-65779 Kelkheim/Taunus, Germany	
Journal Article	Kuch, Ulrich	1998	Wissenschaft auf der Anklagebank? Bemerkungen zu Gumprecht (1997): Sauria 19 (3): 9-30		Sauria			20	2	28-30		Sek. Herpetologie, Forschungsinst. Naturmus. Senckenberg, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325, Frankfurt, Germany	
Journal Article	Kuch, Ulrich	1998	Bungarus multicinctus (Many-banded Krait). Diet		Herpetological Review			29	3	169		Sektion Herpetologie, Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany	
Journal Article	Kuch, Ulrich;Hohmeister, Andreas	1998	Bothriechis schlegelii (Berthold)		Sauria			20	3 Supplement	441-448		Sektion Herpetologie, Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Senckenberg, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60235 Frankfurt, Germany	
Journal Article	Kuch, Ulrich;Freire, Antonio	1998	Ein wahrscheinlicher Fall von Kannibalismus bei der neotropischen schneckenfressenden Natter Sibon nebulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) mit Bemerkungen zum Abwehrverhalten dieser Art [A likely case of cannibalism in the neotropical gastropod-eating snake, Sibon nebulatus (Linnaeus, 1758), with notes on the defensive behaviour of this species]		Sauria			20	4	5-8		Sektion Herpetologie, Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Senckenberg, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Franfurt, Germany	
Journal Article	Kuch, Ulrich;Freire L., Antonio	1998 (1999)	Human envenomation from the bite of the Ecuadorian coral snake, Micrurus bocourti (Jan, 1872)		The Snake			28	1-2	41-43		Sektion Herpetologie, Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany	
Journal Article	Kuchel, L.J.;Franklin, C.E.	1998	Kidney and cloaca function in the Estuarine crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) at different salinities: Evidence for solute-linked water uptake		Comp. Biochem. Physiol.			119A	3	825-831	CPR, physiology, osmoregulation,		
Journal Article	Kuchel, L.J.;Franklin, C.E.	1998	Kidney and cloaca function in the estuarine crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) at different salinities: Evidence for solute-linked water uptake		Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A - Molecular and Integrative Physiology			119	3	825-831	Reptilia, sauria, crocodylia, estuarine crocodile, Crocodylus porosus, physiology, kidney, cloaca salinity, homeostasis	Kidney function and the role of the cloacal complex in osmoregulation was investigated in estuarine crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) exposed to three environmental salinities: hypo-, iso- and hyperosmotic to the plasma. Plasma homeostasis was maintained over the range of salinities. Antidiuresis occurred with increased salinity. Although urine from the kidneys retained an osmotic pressure between 77% and 82% of the plasma, over 93% and 98% of plasma chloride filtered at the glomeruli was reabsorbed during passage through the kidneys under hypo and hyperosmotic conditions, respectively, and only 64% in iso-osmotic water. The kidneys were the primary site of sodium reabsorption under hypo-and hyperosmotic conditions. Secondary processing of urine during storage in the cloaca varied with salinity. During post renal storage of urine, the difference in urine osmotic pressure increased from -26.1 +, - 15.5 to 35.66 +, - 9.29 mOsM with increased salinity, and potassium concentration of urine increased over 3-fold in C. porosus from freshwater. The almost complete reabsorption of both sodium and chloride under hyperosmotic conditions indicates the necessity for secretory activity by the lingual salt glands. The osmoregulatory response of the kidneys and cloacal complex to environmental salinity is both plastic and complementary. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Inc. CE Franklin, Univ Queensland, Dept Zool, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia	
Journal Article	Kuchling, Gerald	1998	How to minimize risk and optimize information gain in assessing reproductive condition and fecundity of live female Chelonians		Chelonian Conservation and Biology			3	1	118-123		kuchling@cyllene.uwa.edu.au	
Journal Article	Kudryavtsev, Sergei V.;Vassilyev, Dmitri B.	1998	Reproduction of Shinisaurus crocodilurus Ahl, 1930 at the Moscow Zoo		Russian Journal of Herpetology			5	1	15-16		Moscow Zoo, B. Gruzinskaya 1, Moscow 123242, Russia	
Book	Kudryavtsev, S. V.;Mamet, S. V.	1998	[The venomous vipers]			Moscow				44 p.			
Journal Article	Kuhn, Joachim;Schmidt-Sibeth, Joachim	1998	Zur Biologie und Populationsökologie des Springfroschs (Rana dalmatina): Langzeitbeobachtungen aus Oberbayern [Long-term observations on the biology and population ecology of Rana dalmatina in upper Bavaria (Germany)]		Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie			5		115-137		Max-Planck-Institut für Verhaltensphysiologie, Abt. Wickler, D-82319 Seewiesen, Germany	
Journal Article	Kunte, Krushnamegh	1998	Ahaetulla nasuta feeding on tadpoles		Hamadryad			22	2	124-125		Wildlife Institute of India, Post Box 18, Chandrabani, Dehradun 248 001, India	
Journal Article	Kupfer, Alexander	1998	Wanderstrecken einzelner Kammolche (Triturus cristatus) in einem Agrarlebensraum [Migration-distances of some crested newts (Triturus cristatus) within an Agricultural landscape]		Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie			5		238-242		Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Sektion Herpetologie, Adenauerallee 160, D-53113 Bonn, Germany	
Journal Article	Kupferberg, Sarah J.	1998	Predator mediated patch use by tadpoles (Hyla regilla): risk balancing or consequence of motionlessness?		Journal of Herpetology			32	1	84-92		Dept. of Integrative Biol., Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA	
Journal Article	Kupferberg, Sarah	1998	Predator mediated patch use by tadpoles (Hyla regilla): Risk balancing or consequence of motionlessness		Journal of Herpetology			32	1	84-92	T. atratus hydrophilus, Thamnophis hydrophilus		
Journal Article	Kuramoto, Mitsuru	1998	Spermatozoa of several from species from Japan and adjacent regions		Japanese Journal of Herpetology			17	3	107-116	sperm size; Discoglossidae; Bufonidae; Hylidae; Ranidae; Microhylidae	Dept. of Biology, Fuluoka University of Education, Munakata, Fukuoka 811-4146, Japan	
Journal Article	Kuro o, M.;Ikebe, C.;Tamamoto, H.;Wu, G.;Zeng, X.;Kohno, S.	1998	Cytogenic studies of Hynobiidae (Urodela). XIV. Analysis of the chromosome of a Chinese salamander, Batrachuperus pinchonii (David)		Cell Mol Life Sci			54	2	152-7		The chromosome number of a Chinese salamander, Batrachuperus pinchonii, was re-examined Adults and embryonic specimens had a diploid number of 66, with 33 bivalents during meiosis, in contrast to previous reported results. Furthermore, when C-banding analysis was performed with embryos, chromosomes with banding patterns homoeologous to those of Salamandrella keyserlingii and Hynobius species were found. It appears, therefore, that Batrachuperus, Salamandrella and Hynobius might be derived from a common ancestral species in eastern Asia.	
Journal Article	Kurohmaru, M.;Hattori, S.;Hayashi, Y.	1998 (1999)	Lectin-binding patterns in the testes of the habu, Trimeresurus flavoviridis		The Snake			28	1-2	1-4		Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan	
Journal Article	Kurzava, L. M.;Morin., P. J.	1998	Tests of functional equivalence: complementary roles of salamanders and fish in community organization		Ecology			79		477-489			
Journal Article	Kusano, Tamotsu	1998	A radio-tracking study of post-breeding dispersal of the treefrog, Rhacophorus arboreus (Amphibia: Rhacophoridae)		Japanese Journal of Herpetology			17	3	98-106	breeding migration; Dispersal distance; Site fidelity	Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan	
Journal Article	Kuzmin, Sergius L.	1998	Book review: Czech Recent and Fossil Amphibians and Reptiles		Herpetological Journal			8	2	115-116			
Journal Article	Kuzmin, Sergius L.	1998 (1999)	Book review: Amphibians and Reptiles of North Africa: Biology, Systematics, Field Guide		Advances in Amphibian Research in the Former Soviet Union			3		226-229		Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 33, Moscow 117071 Russia	
Journal Article	Kuzmin, Sergius L.	1998 (1999)	Book review: Newts and Salamanders of Europe		Advances in Amphibian Research in the Former Soviet Union			3		223-225		Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 33, Moscow 117071 Russia	
Journal Article	Kuzmin, Sergius L.;Kubykin, Rudlof A.;Thiesmeier, Burkhard;Greven, Hartmut	1998 (1999)	The distribution of the Semirechensk Salamander (Ranodon sibiricus): A historical perspective		Advances in Amphibian Research in the Former Soviet Union			3		1-20		Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 33, Moscow 117071 Russia	
Journal Article	Kwet, Axel	1998	Geographic Distribution. Adenomera cf. marmorata		Herpetological Review			29	1	48			
Journal Article	Kwet, Axel	1998	Geographic Distribution. Hyla microps		Herpetological Review			29	1	49			
Journal Article	Kwet, Axel	1998	Geographic Distribution. Phrynohyas imitatrix		Herpetological Review			29	1	49			
Journal Article	Kwet, Axel	1998	Herpetologische Beobachtungen auf den Kykladen		DATZ			51	11	730-735			
Journal Article	Ladyman, J. M.;Kuchling, G.;Burford, D.;Boardman, W.;Raidal, S. R.	1998	Skin disease affecting the conservation of the western swamp tortoise (Pseudemydura umbrina)		Australian Veterinary Journal			76	11	743-745	Reptilia, testudines, western swamp tortoise, Pseudemydura umbrina, conservation, infection, skin, necrotising dermatitis, Pseudomonas sp.	Objective To review the present position of the western swamp tortoise (Pseudemydura umbrina) as an endangered species and significant health issues affecting efforts to save it from extinction. Procedure A retrospective analysis of the husbandry, hospital and pathology records of the western swamp tortoise captive breeding program at Perth Zoo. Results In 1987 a captive breeding project was developed to prevent the extinction of the western swamp tortoise but an outbreak of a necrotising dermatitis in 1989 threatened the survival of the captive bred hatchlings. Less severe outbreaks occurred in 1990 and 1993, with isolated cases in between. Of 283 tortoises that were born in captivity or came into captivity from the wild, 37 (13.1%) were affected, comprising 37% of all males, 26% of all females and 13% of animals of unknown gender. Of the affected animals, 70% were less than 2 years of age and 29% were older. Males were 1.6 times more likely to be infected than females but this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.27). Culture of the lesions consistently yielded unidentified Pseudomonas sp. Conclusion Improved husbandry, such as strict maintenance of water quality and temperature conditions similar to that of the animal's natural habitat, and monitoring the health of individual tortoises have successfully controlled skin disease in the captive breeding of the western swamp tortoise. JM Ladyman, Parap Vet Hosp, 42 Parap Rd, Parap, Nt 0820, Australia	
Journal Article	Lahanas, P.N.;Bjorndal, K. A.;Bolten, A. B.;Encalada, S.E.;Miyamoto, M.M.;Valverde, R.A.;Bowen, B. W.	1998	Genetic composition of a green turtle (Chelonia mydas) feeding ground population: evidence for multiple origins		Marine Biology			130		345-352	green; DNA		
Journal Article	Laitinen, Markku;Pasanen, Seppo	1998	Wintering site selection by the common frog (Rana temporaria) and common toad (Bufo bufo) in Finland: a behavioural experiment		Ann. Zool. Fennici			35		59-62			
Journal Article	Lajmanovich, Rafael C.;Faivovich, Julian	1998	Dieta larval de Phyllomedusa tetraploidea Pombal & Haddad, 1992 en la provincia de Misiones (Argentina)		Alytes			15	4	137-144		Becario del CONICET, Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET), José Maciá 1933, 3016 Santo Tomé (Santa Fe), Argentina	
Journal Article	Lake, Alec	1998	Amateur breeding of the Puff Adder, Bitis arietans		African Herp News				28	16-17		5 Byron Town Houses, Orkney 2619, South Africa	
Journal Article	Lakowitz, Thomas	1998	Ett måste för ödle- och groddjursterrarister		Snoken			28	4	25-26			
Journal Article	Lamar, William W.	1998	Peter Pan: An excerpt from the field journals of William W. Lamar		Fauna			1	3	58-65			
Journal Article	Lambert, Michael R. K.;Dewhurst, Charles F.	1998	Gecko predation by skink observed in Tanzania		British Herpetological Society Bulletin				62	29-30		Environ. Sci. Dept., Nat. Resources Inst. (Univ. of Greenwich - Medway Campus), Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, Great Britain	
Journal Article	Lambert, Michael R. K.;Campbell, Kenneth L. I.;Kabigumila, Jonathan D.	1998	On growth and morphometrics of Leopard tortoises, Geochelone pardalis, in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania, with observation on effects of bushfires and latitudinal variation in populations of eastern Africa		Chelonian Conservation and Biology			3	1	46-57	growth; geographic variation; rainfall; cattle grazing	Mike.Lambert@nri.org	
Journal Article	Lambert, Michael R. K.;Mullié, Wim C.	1998	Sexual dichromatism of Agama boulengeri observed in Southern Mauritania		British Herpetological Society Bulletin				65	42-44		Environmental Sciences Department, Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, Great Britain	
Journal Article	Lambris, A. J. L.	1998	The leopard tortoise, Geochelone pardalis: one taxon or two?		African Herp News				28	18-19		Department of Zoology, University of Durban-Westville, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	
Journal Article	Lance, V.A.;Bogart, M.H.	1998	Special issue on TSD in JEZ		Journal of Experimental Zoology								
Journal Article	Lane, R.S.;Quistad, G.B.	1998	Borreliacidal factor in the blood of the western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis)		Journal of Parasitology			84	1	29-34	Reptilia, sauria, fence lizard, infection, bacteria, Borrelia burgdorferi, blood, Borreliacidal factor	In some populations of the western black-legged tick, Ixodes pacificus, the prevalence of infection with Lyme disease spirochetes (Borrelia burgdorferi) in nymphal ticks exceeds those in adult ticks by 3-4-fold. Experiments were conducted to determine if the reduced spirochetal prevalence in adult ticks is due to the presence of anti-borrelial antibodies or to another borreliacidal factor in the blood of the western fence lizard, Sceloporus occidentalis, a primary host of subadult I. pacificus, or to loss of spirochetes as nymphal ticks molt to the adult stage. Ten Lizards were each exposed to the feeding activities of 10 nymphs having a 78% prevalence of B. burgdorferi infection. Five of the lizards had been hyperimmunized first with 10(8) heat-killed spirochetes and 5 were seronegative to B. burgdorferi. After repletion and the transstadial molt, none of 62 resultant adult ticks from both groups of lizards was found to contain spirochetes. In contrast, 11 of 20 (55%) infected nymphs that had fed on 4 preimmune rabbits passed spirochetes to adult ticks. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that host immunoglobulins and the transstadial molt by themselves are not necessary for eliminating B. burgdorferi from infected nymphal ticks. A novel in vitro assay revealed that nearly all spirochetes placed in plasma or sera from lizards died in less than 1 hr whereas many spirochetes injected into mouse plasma or sera survived for 72 hr When spirochetes were put in lizard sera that had been preheated (100 C for 10 min) and allowed to cool, survival was extended to 72 hr. We conclude that the blood of S. occidentalis contains a thermolabile, borreliacidal factor, probably a protein, that destroys spirochetes in the midgut diverticula of feeding I. pacificus nymphs. RS Lane, Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Insect & Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA	
Journal Article	Langerwerf, Bert	1998	Einfluß schwankender Temperaturen auf den Schlupf bei zwei Echsenarten		Elaphe			6	3	22-24		10514 Chiltonroad 73, Montevallo, AL 35115, USA	
Journal Article	Lannoo, Michael J.;Holman, J. Alan;Casper, Gary S.;Johnson, Erin	1998	Mummification following winterkill of adult green frogs (Ranidae: Rana clamitans)		Herpetological Review			29	2	82-84		MLANNOO@GW.BSU.EDU	
Journal Article	Lannoo, M. J.;Holman, J. A.;Casper, G. S.;Johnson, E.	1998	Mummification following winterkill of adult green frogs (Ranidae : Rana calmitans)		Herpetological Review			29	2	82-84	amphibians, natural history, behavior		
Edited Book	Lannoo, Michael J.	1998	Status & Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians			Iowa City	University of Iowa Press			xviii, 507 p.			
Book Section	Lannoo, Michael J.	1998	Amphibian conservation and wetland management in the upper Midwest: a catch-22 for the cricket frog?	Lannoo, M. J.	Status & Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians	Iowa City	University of Iowa Press			330-339			
Book Section	Lannoo, Michael J.	1998	Conclusion	Lannoo, M. J.	Status & Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians	Iowa City	University of Iowa Press			429-431			
Book Section	Lannoo, Michael J.	1998	Introduction	Lannoo, M. J.	Status & Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians	Iowa City	University of Iowa Press			xi-xvii			
Journal Article	Lanuza, E.;Halpern, M.	1998	Efferents and centrifugal afferents of the main and accessory olfactory bulbs in the snake Thamnophis sirtalis		Brain Behav Evol			51	1	1-22	Afferent Pathways/cytology/physiology; Amygdaloid Body/cytology/physiology; Animal; Biotin/analogs & derivatives; Cerebral Cortex/cytology/physiology; Dextrans; Efferent Pathways/cytology/physiology; Evolution; Female; Fluorescent Dyes; Histocytochemistry; Horseradish Peroxidase; Male; Olfactory Bulb/cytology/*physiology; Snakes/*physiology; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.	This study reinvestigates the efferent projections of the main and accessory olfactory bulbs and describes for the first time the centrifugal projections to the main and accessory olfactory bulbs in the snake Thamnophis sirtalis, using the intraaxonal transport of the anterograde and retrograde tracer biotinylated dextran amine and the retrograde tracer horseradish peroxidase. The olfactory projection consists of three tracts: the lateral olfactory tract, which projects bilaterally to the lateral cortex and the rostral amygdala, crossing the midline through the stria medullaris-habenular commissure system; the intermediate olfactory tract, which projects ipsilaterally to the olfactory tubercle and contributes to the contralateral projection; and the medial olfactory tract, which projects ipsilaterally to the dorsomedial retrobulbar formation. The vomeronasal projection is formed by a single tract, the accessory olfactory tract, that projects ipsilaterally to the nucleus of the accessory olfactory tract, the medial amygdala and the nucleus sphericus. The centrifugal projections to the main and accessory olfactory bulb are composed of two components: one that arises in areas that receive the olfactory or vomeronasal input (neurons in the olfactory tubercle, retrobulbar formation and lateral cortex project to the main olfactory bulb; and neurons in the nucleus of the accessory olfactory tract, the medial amygdala and the nucleus sphericus project to the accessory olfactory bulb), and another that arises in areas not directly implicated in processing the chemosensory information (the nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca and the dorsal cortex). These data allow the recognition of the general pattern of organization of the reptilian olfactory and vomeronasal systems.	
Journal Article	Laposata, M. M.;Dunson, W. A.	1998	Effects of Boron and Nitrate on Hatching Success of Amphibian Eggs		Arch Environ Contam Toxicol			35	4	615-619		As part of a land-application wastewater disposal system in central Pennsylvania, vernal ponds are commonly exposed to wastewater effluent containing high levels of boron and nitrate. We examined the individual effects of these compounds on the eggs of amphibians breeding in these ponds. Wood frog (Rana sylvatica), Jefferson salamander (Ambystoma jeffersonianum), spotted salamander (A. maculatum), and American toad (Bufo americanus) eggs were exposed to boron (0, 50, and 100 mg L-1) and nitrate (0, 10, 25, and 40 mg L-1) under laboratory conditions. There was no difference in the hatching success or proportion of deformed larvae among the four nitrate levels in any of the species. High boron concentrations reduced the hatching success of B. americanus and produced more deformed offspring in R. sylvatica, A. jeffersonianum, and A. maculatum. Deformed R. sylvatica and A. jeffersonianum hatchlings displayed a "curling defect" in which the larvae had a crescent body shape and expressed difficulty in swimming. A. maculatum larvae from high boron treatments displayed a different abnormality, possibly because of longer times to hatching, characterized by a swelling of the thoracic region and altered gill morphology. Although the concentrations of boron and nitrate tested were within the range measured in wastewater effluent, maximum levels of boron and nitrate in breeding ponds were only 1.5 mg L-1 and 26.7 mg L-1 respectively, likely due to rainwater dilution and biological and chemical processes reducing the levels of these compounds in vernal ponds. Nonetheless, these studies are the first to examine the effects of boron and nitrate on amphibian egg hatching success, and to demonstrate that elevated boron concentrations can detrimentally affect the development of amphibian embryos.	
Journal Article	Largen, Malcolm J.	1998	A preliminary review of the amphibians of Ethiopia		Herpetological Journal			8	1	7-12		Dept. of Zool., Liverpool Museum, William Brown St., Liverpool L3 8EN, Great Britain	
Journal Article	Larson, Earl T.;Van Breukelen, Frank;Lemos-Espinal, Julio A.;Ballinger, Royce E.;Smith, Hobart M.;Chiszar, David	1998	Sceloporus belli (Bell's Spiny Lizard). Pattern		Herpetological Review			29	1	42-43		Dept. of EPO Biol. Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0334, USA	
Journal Article	Larson, Michele D.;Wilson, Albert G., Jr.;Larsen, John H., Jr	1998	Plethodon idahoensis (Coeur d'Alene Salamander). Egg mass		Herpetological Review			29	3	163		Dept. of Life Sciences, Spokane Falls Community College, MS 3180, 3410 Fort Wright Drive, Spokane, WA 99204, USA	
Journal Article	Larson, D. L.;McDonald, S.;Fivizzani, A. J.;Newton, W. E.;Hamilton, S. J.	1998	Effects of the herbicide atrazine on Ambystoma tigrinum metamorphosis: duration, larval growth, and hormonal response [In Process Citation]		Physiol Zool			71	6	671-9		We exposed larval tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum) reared in the laboratory from eggs collected from a prairie wetland in North Dakota to three concentrations of atrazine (0, 75, and 250 micrograms/L) in a static renewal test to determine the pesticide's effect on (1) plasma corticosterone and thyroxine concentrations, (2) larval size, and (3) days-to-stage at stages 2 and 4 of metamorphic climax. We found significant effects of atrazine on each of these response variables. Plasma thyroxine was elevated in both atrazine-exposed groups compared with the control group; plasma corticosterone was depressed in the 75 micrograms/L treatment compared with both the control and 250 micrograms/L treatment. Larvae exposed to 75 micrograms/L atrazine reached stage 4 later but at a size and weight comparable to the control group. By contrast, larvae in the 250 micrograms/L treatment progressed to stage 4 at the same time but at a smaller size and lower weight than larvae in the control group. These results indicate that the herbicide has the potential to influence tiger salamander life history. We present a model consistent with our results, whereby corticosterone and thyroxine interact to regulate metamorphosis of tiger salamanders based on nutrient assimilation and adult fitness.	
Journal Article	Larson, D. L.;McDonald, S.;Fivizanni, A. J.;Newton, W. E.;Hamilton, S. J.	1998	Effects of the herbicide atrazine on Ambystoma tigrinum metamorphosis: duration, larval growth, and hormonal response		Physiological Zoology			71	6	671-679	tiger salamanders, egg, pesticide, larvae, development, life history		
Book Section	Larson, Diane L.	1998	Tiger Salamander life history in relation to agriculture in the northern Great Plains: a hypothesis	Lannoo, M. J.	Status & Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians	Iowa City	University of Iowa Press			325-329			
Journal Article	Lathrop, Amy;Murphy, Robert W.;Orlov, Nikolai;Ho, Cuc Thu	1998	Two new species of Leptolalax (Anura: Megophrynidae) from northern Vietnam		Amphibia-Reptilia			19	3	253-267		AmyL@rom.on.ca	
Journal Article	Lathrop, Amy;Murphy, Robert W.;Orlov, Nikolai L.;Ho, Cuc Thu	1998	Two new species of Leptobrachium (Anura: Megophryidae) from the central highlands of Vietnam with a redescription of Leptobrachium chapaense		Russian Journal of Herpetology			5	1	51-60		AmyL@rom.on.ca	
Journal Article	Latimer, K. S.;Rich, G. A.	1998	Colonic adenocarcinoma in a corn snake (Elaphe guttata guttata)		Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine			29	3	344-346	Reptilia, serpentes, Elaphe guttata guttata, pathology, rumor, adenocarcinoma, colon	Colonic adenocarcinoma was diagnosed by surgical biopsy in a domestically raised 3-yr-old male corn snake (Elaphe guttata guttata). The snake presented with a history of constipation. Several masses were palpated in the distal coelomic cavity. On proctoscopy, a nodular firm white mass encircled the distal colon proximal to the cloaca. The histologic diagnosis was transmural mucinous colonic adenocarcinoma with scirrhous reaction. Resection of the affected region alleviated intestinal obstruction for at least 4 mo, after which the snake was lost to follow-up. KS Latimer, Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA	
Journal Article	Latta, Craig	1998	Caring for Australian freshwater turtles in captivity		Monitor			10	1	39-46; 33-34		expansa@bigfoot.com	
Journal Article	Laube, Andreas;Seipp, Robert	1998	Strophurus spinigerus (Gray)		Sauria			20	3 Supplement	435-440		Am Tegeler Hafen 28 F, D-13507 Berlin, Germany	
Journal Article	Laufer, Hubert	1998	Ein bedeutendes Vorkommen der Mauereidechse, Podarcis muralis, am Bahnkörper nördlich von Offenburg (Baden-Württemberg) [A significant occurence of the wall lizard, Podarcis muralis, at the railway embankment near Offenburg (Baden-Württemberg, Germany)]		Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie			5		55-64		Büro für Landschaftsökologie, Friedenstraße 28, D-77654 Offenburg, Germany	
Journal Article	Laurent, L.;Casale, P.;Bradai, M.N.;Godley, B.J.;Gerosa, G.;Broderick, A.C.;Schroth, W.;Schierwater, B.;Levy, A.M.;Freggi, D.;El-Mawla, E.M. Abd;Hadoud, D.A.;Gomati, H.E.;Domingo, M.;Hadjichristophorou, M.;Kornaraky, L.;Demirayak, F.;Gautier, Ch.	1998	Molecular resolution of marine turtle stock composition in fishery bycatch: a case study in the Mediterranean		Molecular Ecology			7		1529-1542	loggerhead; feeding; migration; fisheries		
Journal Article	Laurila, A.;Seppa, P.	1998	Multiple paternity in the common frog (Rana temporaria): genetic evidence from tadpole kin groups		Biological Journal of the Linnean Society			63		221-232	paternity		
Journal Article	Lawton, M. P. C.	1998	Introduction to reptilian ophthalmology.		ARAV 5th Ann. Conf. Sept 26-29					115-117	Reptilia, serpentes, pathology, eye, inflammation,		
Journal Article	Lawton, M. P. C.	1998	Partial hepatectomy in a snake.		ARAV 5th Ann. Conf. Sept 26-29					127-129.	Reptilia, serpentes, pathology, liver, hepatectomy		
Journal Article	Lazell, James	1998	Morphology and the status of the snake genus "Ptyas"		Herpetological Review			29	3	134		jcinjtown@aol.com	
Journal Article	Lazell, James	1998	Book review: Tales of Giant Snakes: A Historical Natural History of Anacondas and Pythons		Herpetological Review			29	3	186-187		jcinjtown@aol.com	
Journal Article	Lazell, James;Mitchell, Numi C.	1998	Anolis cristatellus wileyae (Virgin Islands Crested Anole). Herbivory		Herpetological Review			29	4	237			
Journal Article	Lazell, James	1998	New salamander of the genus Plethodon from Mississippi		Copeia			1998	4	967-970		jcinjtown@aol.com	
Journal Article	Lazenby, Shirleen L.;Alexander, Graham J.	1998	Do rinkhals (Hemachatus haemachatus) choose to defacate near water?		African Journal of Herpetology			47	1	25-28		shirleen@gecko.biol.wits.ac.za	
Journal Article	Leary, Christopher J.;Razafindratsita, Vololontiana R.	1998	Attempted predation on a hylid frog, Phryphyas venulosa, by an indigo snake, Drymarchon corais, and the response of conspecific frogs to distress calls		Amphibia-Reptilia			19	4	442-446		Department of Zoology and Wildlife Science, Auburn University, Auburn, Alamaba 36849-5414, USA	
Journal Article	Leary, Christopher J.;Packer, Alissa A.	1998 (1999)	Egg deposition site characteristics of the red-eyed leaf frog, Agalychnis callidryas Cope (Hylidae)		Herpetological Natural History			6	1	55-59		Department of Zoology and Wildlife Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849-5414, USA	
Journal Article	Lee, Michael S. Y.	1998	Book review: Monitor Lizards: Natural History, Biology, and Husbandry		Herpetological Review			29	3	189		mike.lee@sci.monash.edu.au	
Journal Article	Lefcort, Hugh	1998	Chemically mediated fright response in southern toad (Bufo terrestris) tadpoles		Copeia			1998	2	445-450		lefcort@barney.gonzaga.edu	
Journal Article	Lehmann, Jan	1998	20 års hold og opdræt af græsk landskildpadde, Testudo hermanii boettgeri -1. del. Terrarieindretning		Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening			41	6	122-130		Haspekrogen 10, 2880 Bagsværd, Denmark	
Journal Article	Lehmann, Jan	1998	Ingen regel uden undtagelse		Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening			41	6	152-153		Haspekrogen 10, 2880 Bagsværd, Denmark	
Journal Article	Lehmann, Jan	1998	20 års hold og opdræt af græsk landskildpadde, Testudo hermanii boettgeri -1. del. Terrarieindretning		Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening			41	6	122-130		Haspekrogen 10, 2880 Bagsværd, Denmark	
Book Section	Leja, William T.	1998	Aquatic habitats in the Midwest: waiting for amphibian conservation initiatives	Lannoo, M. J.	Status & Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians	Iowa City	University of Iowa Press			345-353			
Journal Article	Lemckert, Francis;Brassil, Traecey;McCray, Ken	1998	Recent records of the giant burrowing frog (Helioporus australiacus) from the far south coast of NSW		Herpetofauna			28	1	32-39		Research Division, State Forests of NSW, P.O. Box 100, Beecroft, NSW 2119, Australia	
Journal Article	Lemckert, Frank	1998	A record of Neobatrachus from the Cessnock Area of NSW		Herpetofauna			28	2	48		Native Forest Management Systems, Forest Research and Development Division, State Forests NSW, P.O. Box 100, Beecroft, NSW 2119, Australia	
Journal Article	Lemckert, Frank	1998	Errata: Recent records of the giant burrowing frog (Heleioporus australiacus) from the far south coast of NSW		Herpetofauna			28	2	46			
Journal Article	Lemm, Jeff M.	1998	The natural history and captive husbandry of the White-throated monitor		Reptiles			6	2	10-21			
Journal Article	Lemoine, Karel;Rivas, Gilson;Manzanilla, Jesús	1998	Geographic Distribution. Pseustes poecilonotus polylepis		Herpetological Review			29	2	115			
Journal Article	Lemos-Espinal, Julio A.;Smith, Geoffrey R.;Ballinger, Royce E.	1998	Thermal ecology of the crevice-dwelling lizard, Xenosaurus newmanorum		Journal of Herpetology			32	1	141-144		Dept. of Biol. William Jewell College, Liberty, MO 64068, USA	
Journal Article	Lemos-Espinal, Julio;Geoffrey R, Smith;Ballinger, Royce E.	1998	Temperature relationships of the lizard, Barisia imbricata, from México		Amphibia-Reptilia			19	1	95-99		GRS: Dept. of Biol. William Jewell College, Liberty, MO 64068, USA	
Journal Article	Lemos-Espinal, Julio A.;Chiszar, David;Henke, Clint;Smith, Hobart M.	1998	Phrynosoma cornutum (Texas Horned Lizard). Predation		Herpetological Review			29	3	168		Lab. de Conservación, CyMA, UIICSE, Escuela Nacional de Estudio Profesionales Iztacala, UNAM, Apartado Postal 314, Tlalnepantla, México	
Journal Article	Lemos-Espinal, Julio A.;Smith, Geoffrey R.;Ballinger, Royce E.	1998	Temperature relationships of the lizard, Barisia imbricata, from Mexico		Amphibia-Reptilia			19		95-99			
Journal Article	Lenk, Peter;Joger, Ulrich;Fritz, Uwe;Heidrich, Petra;Wink, Michael	1998	Phylogeographic patterns in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis): first results		Mertensiella			10		159-175		Hessisches landesmuseum Darmstadt, Friedensplatz 1, D-64283 Darmstadt, Germany	
Journal Article	Leonard, William P.;Todd, Laura L.;Leonard, Megan A.	1998	Geographic distribution. Dicamptodon copei		Herpetological Review			29	4	244			
Journal Article	Leonard, William P.;Ovaska, Kristina	1998	Contia, C. tenuis		Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles				677	1-7		Washington Department of Ecology, Shorelands and Environmental Assistance Program, Southwest Regional Office, P.O. Box 47775, Olympia, WA 98504-7775, USA	
Journal Article	Leone, Tiffany	1998	1997 Reptiles article index		Reptiles			6	1	40-47			
Journal Article	Leptien, Rolf;Nagel, Frank	1998	Ein seltener Gast im Terrarium, Furcifer petteri Brygoo & Domergue, 1966 [A rare guest in the terrarium, Furcifer petteri Brygoo & Domergue, 1966]		Sauria			20	4	23-28		Lindenstraße 30, D-25486 Alveslohe, Germany	
Journal Article	Lescure, Jean;Cerdan, Philippe;Massary, Jean-Christophe de;Marty, Christian	1998	Découverte d'un Amphibien très rare, Pipa aspera Müller (Anura: Pipidae), en Guyane française		Revue Fr. Aquariol.			25	1-2	45-46			
Journal Article	Li, Jianli	1998	Enhydris bocourti (Jan) - A snake record new to China		Sichuan Journal of Zoology			17	2	inside back cover and back cover			
Journal Article	Liebenberg, A. G.	1998	Hemachatus haemachatus Rinkhals. Arboreal behaviour		African Herp News				27	16-17		P.O. Box 26, Honeydew 2040, South Africa	
Journal Article	Liebenberg, A. G.	1998	A visit to northern Damaraland, Namibia		African Herp News				28	20-22		P.O. Box 26, Honeydew 2040, South Africa	
Journal Article	Lillywhite, Harvey B.;Mittal, Ajay K.;Garg, Tarun K.;Das, Indraneil	1998	Basking behavior, sweating and thermal ecology of the Indian tree frog, Polypedates maculatus		Journal of Herpetology			32	2	169-175		hbl@zoo,ufl.edu	
Journal Article	Lillywhite, Harvey B.;Ellis, Tamir M.	1998	Structure and function of Tracheal air sac in the Asian snake Gonysoma oxycephalum		Hamadryad			23	2	121-126		hnl@zoo.ufl.edu	
Journal Article	Lima, Albertina Pimentel	1998	The effects of size on the diet of six sympatric species of postmetamorphic litter anurans in Central America		Journal of Herpetology			32	3	392-399		bill@cr-am.rnp.br	
Journal Article	Limaland, M. T.;Lapa, A. J.	1998	Gender does not influence neuromuscular properties in dimorphic skeletal muscles of the toad		Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A - Molecular and Integrative Physiology			121	2	119-126	Amphibia, anura, toad, Bufo marinus, physiology, muscle, synapsis, acetylcholine nicotinic receptor	The aim of this work was to study gender differences on the physiology of the dimorphic brachial musculature involved in the clasp reflex of the toad (Bufo marinus L.). The neuromuscular transmission, the sensitivity to acetylcholine (ACh) and the cholinesterase activity were compared on the forelimb sternoradialis muscles (SR) from male and female toads. The interosseous muscles of the first finger were used to compare the properties of the nicotinic receptor/ionic channel complex (AChR). All the muscles studied were dimorphic, i.e. significantly smaller in the female than in the male frog in otherwise similar size animals. The SR of either sex contracted to bath application of ACh with similar EC50. In physiological solution the frequency of the miniature end-plate potentials (mepps) was very low (0.1 s(-1)) and no gender difference was detected. The mepp amplitudes were 0.62 +/- 0.03 and 0.58 +/- 0.03 mV in SR from male and female toads, respectively. To increase exocytosis the muscles were incubated in hypertonic solution (158 mM NaCl). Under this condition mepp frequency was increased by five and seven times and mepp amplitude increased by 1.3 and 1.6 times in SR from male and female toads, respectively. The cholinesterase activity measured by the colorimetric method, did not differ in SR from male and female toads. In muscle fibers dissociated from the dimorphic interosseous muscles of male and female toads, the ionic channel conductance was 43 +/- 5.3 and 44 +/- 4.5 pS, respectively. The mean channel open time was voltage-dependent and not significantly different in preparations from both genders. These observations indicate that neither the ACh-nicotinic receptor interaction, nor the AChR complex kinetics and the nicotinic excitation-contraction coupling or the cholinesterase activity differ in dimorphic muscles from Bufo genders. No gender difference was detected in neuromuscular transmission of the studied muscle. Only a slight increase in mepp frequency and amplitude could be detected when the muscles were incubated in hypertonic solution. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. MT Limalandman, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Pharmacol, Nat Prod Sect, Rua Tres Maio 100, BR-04044020 Sao Paulo, Brazil	
Journal Article	Lindeman, Peter V.	1998	Of Deadwood and Map turtles (Graptemys): An analysis of species status for five species in three river drainages using replicated spotting-scope counts of basking turtles		Chelonian Conservation and Biology			3	1	137-141		LPeter@pop.uky.edy	
Journal Article	Lindeman, P.V.	1998	Of deadwood and map turtles (Graptemys): an analysis of species status for five species in three river drainages using replicated spotting-scope counts of basking turtle. Linnaeus fund Research Report		Chelonian Conservation and Biology			3	1	137-141	basking; conservation		
Journal Article	Lindquist, Erik D.;Hetherington, Thomas E.	1998	Tadpoles and juveniles of the Panamanian golden frog, Atelopus zeteki (Bufonidae), with information on development of coloration and pattering		Herpetologica			54	3	370-376		Dept. of Zoology, Ohio State University, 1735 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA	
Journal Article	Liner, Ernest A.	1998	Chiropterotriton priscus		Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles				642	1-2		310 Malibou Blvd., Houma, LA 70364-2598, USA	
Journal Article	Liner, Ernest A.	1998	Pseudoeurycea galeanae		Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles				643	1-3		310 Malibou Blvd., Houma, LA 70364-2598, USA	
Journal Article	Liner, Ernest A.	1998	Pseudoeurycea scandens		Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles				644	1-2		310 Malibou Blvd., Houma, LA 70364-2598, USA	
Journal Article	Liner, Ernest A.;Hutchison, Victor H.	1998	Bibliographic accuracy: Importance in herpetological publications		Herpetological Review			29	2	71-74		310 Malibou Boulevard, Houma, LA 70364-2598, USA	
Journal Article	Liner, Ernest A.	1998	Bibliography and scientific name index to amphibians and reptiles in the Proceedings and Transactions of the Texas Academy of Science, volumes 1-30 (1892-1948), Special Publications of the Texas Academy of Science, 2 editions (1936-1938), and the Texas Journal of Science, volumes 1-45 (1949-1993)		Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service				119	1-44		eliner@mobiletel.com	
Journal Article	Linnell, Michael A.;Engeman, Richard M.;Pitzler, Mikel E.;Watten, Mahlon O.;Whitehead, Gary F.;Miller, Robert C.	1998 (1999)	An evaluation of two designs of stamped metal trap flaps for use in operational trapping of brown tree snakes (Boiga irregularis)		The Snake			28	1-2	14-18		USDA/APHIS/ADC, 1060 Route 16, Suite 103 C, Barrigada Heights, Guam 96921, USA	
Journal Article	Linzey, D.W.;Bursey, C.R.;Linzey, J.B.	1998	Seasonal occurrence of helminths of the giant toad, Bufo marinus (Amphibia: Bufonidae), in Bermuda		Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington			65	2	251-258	Amphibia, anura, Bufo marinus (Bufonidae), infection, helminth, Nematoda, Rhabdias fuelleborni, Aplectana sp., Abbreviata sp., Trematoda, Mesocoelium monas, Clinostomum sp.	One hundred sixty-seven giant toads, Bufo marinus, from 7 study sites in Bermuda were examined for helminths during March, July, and November 1995, August 1996, and May 1997. Three nematode species, Rhabdias fuelleborni, Aplectana sp., and Abbreviata sp., and 2 trematode species, Mesocoelium monas and Clinostomum sp., were found. Prevalence for Rhabdias fuelleborni was 25-100%, for Aplectana sp. was 0-67%, for Abbreviata sp. was 20-100%, and for Mesocoelium monas was 0-100%. DW Linzey, Wytheville Community Coll, Dept Biol, Wytheville, VA 24382 USA	
Journal Article	Lions, Maria Luisa;Alvarez, Blanca Beatriz	1998	Desarrollo del esqueleto de Tropidurus etheridgei (Iguania: Tropiduridae) [Development of the skeleton of Tropidurus etheridgei (Iguania: Tropiduridae)]		Revista Española de Herpetología			12		7-18			Becaria, SEGCyT- UNNE- Cátedra de Anatomía Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional de Nordeste, 9. de julio 1449, Corrientes (3400), Argentina
Journal Article	Lippe, Rüdiger	1998	Scorpions in the terrarium		Reptilia (GB)				5	15-20			
Journal Article	Lippe, Rüdiger	1998	Escorpiones en el terrario		Reptilia (E)				18	15-20			
Journal Article	Lips, Karen R.	1998	Decline of a tropical montane amphibian fauna		Conservation Biology			12	1	106-117	Costa Rica, Atelopus chiriquiensis, Hyla calypsa		
Journal Article	Lips, Karen R.	1998	Decline of a tropical montane amphiian fauna		Conservation Biology			12	1	106-117			
Journal Article	Litvinchuk, Spartak N.;Rosanov, Juri M.;Borkin, Leo J.	1998	A case of natural triploidy in a smooth newt Triturus vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758), from Russia (Caudata: Salamandridae)		Herpetozoa			11	1/2	93-95		Department of Herpetology
Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya naberezhnaya 1, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia	
Journal Article	Litzgus, Lacqueline D.;Brooks, Ronald J.	1998	Testing the validity of counts of plastral scute rings in spotted turtles, Clemmys guttata		Copeia			1998	1	222-225		Dept. of Zool. Iniv. of Guelph, Guelph, ONT N1G 2W1, Canada	
Journal Article	Litzgus, Jacqueline D.;Brooks, Ronald J.	1998	Reproduction in a northern population of Clemmys guttata		Journal of Herpetology			32	2	252-259		Department of Zoology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA	
Journal Article	Lizana, Miguel;Morales, Javier	1998	Coronella girondica (Southern Smooth Snake). Diet		Herpetological Review			29	4	241			
Journal Article	Llamas, A.;Martinez-Gil, O.;Arribas, Oscar	1998	Rana pyrenaica, a new species for the French herpetofauna		Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Española				9	12-13			
Journal Article	Llewellyn, Robin L.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Hypsiglena torquata deserticola		Herpetological Review			29	1	53			
Journal Article	Lock, Brad A.;Bennett, R. Avery	1998	Treatment of interrupted parturition with delivery of viable young in a Brazilian Rainbow Boa, Epicrates cenchria cenchria		Bulletin of the Association of Reptilian Amphibian Veterinarians			8	2	11-13			
Journal Article	Lock, Brad A.;Heard, Darryl J.;Dennis, Pam	1998	Preliminary evaluation of medetomidine/ketamine combinations for immobilization and reversal with atipamezole in three tortoise species		Bulletin of the Association of Reptilian Amphibian Veterinarians			8	4	6-9			
Journal Article	Loehr, Victor	1998	Book review: Veterinary Management of Tortoises and Turtles		African Herp News				27	23-24		Nipkowplein 24, 3402 EC Ijsselstein, The Netherlands	
Journal Article	Loehr, V. J. T.	1998	Psammobates tentorius trimeni, Tent Tortoise: Hatchling size		African Herp News				28	32		loehr@kabelfoon.nl	
Journal Article	Loehr, V. J. T.	1998	Photoperiod, temperatures and breeding in captive Namaqualand speckled padlopers, Homopus s. signatus		African Herp News				28	27-28		loehr@kabelfoon.nl	
Journal Article	Loehr, V. J. T.	1998	Dietary requirements of captive hatchling Namaqualand speckled padlopers (Homopus s. signatus)		African Herp News				28	23-26		loehr@kabelfoon.nl	
Journal Article	Lohmann, K. J.;Lohmann, C. M. F.	1998	Migratory guidance mechanisms in marine turtles		Journal of Avian Biology			29		585-596	loggerhead; migration; orientation		
Journal Article	Loos, Jonathan B.;Queiroz, Kevin de	1998	Like Galápagos finches, anoles of the Greater Antilles have proved to be eminently adaptable		Evolution					34-39	Tropical biodiversity, Negril, Anolis equestris		
Book	Loskutova, N. M.;et al.	1998	[Vertebrates of the Basegi Nature Reserve (Urals)]			Moscow				40			
Book	Loskutova, I. A.;et al.	1998	[Vertebrates of the Shulgan-Tash Nature Reserve (Ural region)]			Moscow				42			
Journal Article	Losos, Jonathan B.;Chu, Ling-Ru	1998	Examination of factors potentially affecting dewlap size in Caribbean Anoles		Copeia			1998	2	430-438		losos@biodec.wustl.edu	
Journal Article	Losos, Jonathan B.;Jackman, Todd R.;Larson, Allan;De Queiroz, Kevin;Rodriguez-Schettino, Lourdes	1998	Contingency and determinism in replicated adaptive radiations of island lizards		Science			279		2115-2118			
Journal Article	Losos, Jonathan B.;De Queiroz, Kevin	1998	Like Galapagos finches, anoles of the Greater Antilles have proved to be eminently adaptable		Natural History			12/97-1/98		34-39			
Journal Article	Losos, Jonathan B.	1998	Contingency and determinism in replicated adaptive radiations of island lizards		Science			279		2115-2118			
Journal Article	Losos, Jonathan B.;Jackman, Todd R.;Larson, Allan;Queiroz, Kevin de;Rodríguez-Schettino, Lourdes	1998	Contingency and derterminism in replicated adaptive radiations of island lizards		Science			279		2115-2118			
Journal Article	Losos, Jonathan B.;Jackman, Todd R.;Larson, Allan;Queiroz, Kevin de;Rodríguez-Schettino, Lourdes	1998	Contingency and determinism in replicated adaptive radiations of island lizards		Science			279		2115-2118		The vagaries of history lead to the prediction that repeated instances of evolutionary diversification will lead to disparate outcomes even if starting conditions are similar.  We tested this proposition by examining the evolutionary radiation of Anolis lizards on the four islands of the Greater Antilles.  Morphometric analyses indicate that the same set of habitat specialists, termed ecomorphs, occurs on all four islands.  Although these similar assemblages could result from a single evolutionary origin of each ecomorph, followed by dispersal or variance, phylogenetic analysis indicates that the ecomorphs originated independently on each island.  Thus, adaptive radiation in similar environments can overcome historical contingenices to produce strikingly similar evolutionary outcomes.	
Journal Article	Losos, Jonathan B.;Jackman, Todd R.;Larson, Allan;de Queiroz, Kevin;Rodríguez-Schettino, Lourdes	1998	Contigency and determinism in replicated adaptive radiations of island lizards		Science			279		2115-2118			
Journal Article	Lovich, Jeffrey E.;Ernst, Carl H.;Zappalorti, Robert T.;Herman, Dennis W.	1998	Geographic variation in growth and sexual size dimorphism of bog turtles (Clemmys muhlenbergii)		American Midland Naturalist			139		69-78			
Journal Article	Lowery, Andrew	1998	Motes on tiger snake (Notechis) and death adders (genus Acanthophis) in captivity		Monitor			9	2	48		9 Hood Street, Brighton, VIC, 3186, Australia	
Journal Article	Löw, Péter;Török, János	1998	Prey size selection and food habits of water frogs amd moor frogs from Kis-Balaton, Hungary (Anura: Ranidae)		Herpetozoa			11	1/2	71-78		JT: yeti01@ludens.elte.hu	
Journal Article	López del Castillo, Carlos	1998	Consjos veterinarios para iniciarse en la venta de reptiles		Reptilia (E)				14	10-13			
Journal Article	López-Jurado, Luis F.;Mateo, José A.	1998	Albinismo en Gallotia caesaris gomerae		Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Española				9	33-34			
Journal Article	López-Jurado, Luis F.;Mateo, José A.;García-Márquez, Marcos	1998	La tortuga fósil de la isla de Sal (Archipiélago de Cabo Verde) [The fossil tortoise from Sal island (Cape Verde archipelago)]		Revista Española de Herpetología			12		111-114	Geochelone atlantica n. sp.		luisfelipe.lopez@biologia.ulpgc.es
Journal Article	Luiselli, Luca;Akani, Godfrey C.;Angelici, Francesco M.;Barieenee, Ikomah F.	1998	Reproductive strategies of sympatric Bitis gabonica and Bitis nasicornis (Viperidae) in the Niger Delta (Port Harcourt, Nigeria): preliminary data		Amphibia-Reptilia			19	2	223-229		via Olona 7 00198 Rome, Italy	
Journal Article	Luiselli, Luca	1998	Food habits of the Pelomedusid turtle Pelusios castaneus castaneus in Southeastern Nigeria		Chelonian Conservation and Biology			3	1	106-107		Institute of Environmental Pollution Research "Demetra S.p.A.", via dei Cochi 48/B, 00133 Rome, Italy	
Journal Article	Luiselli, Luca;Akani, Godfrey C.;Barieenee, Ikomah F.	1998	Observations on habitat, reproduction and feeding of Boiga blandingi (Colubridae) in south-eastern Nigeria		Amphibia-Reptilia			19	4	430-436		Via Olona 7, I-00198 Rome, Italy	
Journal Article	Luiselli, Luca;Akani, Godfrey C.	1998 (1999)	Aspects of the ecology of Calabaria reinhardtii (Serpentes, Booidea) in southeastern Nigeria		Herpetological Natural History			6	1	65-71		luiselli@earthlink.net	
Journal Article	Lukose, Richard L.;Reinert, Howard K.	1998	Absence of cold acclimation response in gray treefrogs, Hyla chrysoscelis and Hyla versicolor		Journal of Herpetology			32	2	283-285		Dept. of Biology, College of New Jersey, P.O. Box 7718, 2000 Pennington Road, Ewing, NJ 08628-0718	
Journal Article	Luksch, Harald;Walkowiak, Wolfgang	1998	Morphology and axonal projection patterns of auditory neurons in the midbrain of the painted frog, Discoglossus pictus		Hearing Research			122		1-17			
Journal Article	Luschi, P.;Hays, G.C.;Del Seppia, C.;Marsh, R.;Papi, F.	1998	The navigational feats of green sea turtles migrating from Ascension Island investigated by satellite telemetry		Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B			265		2279-2284	green; migration		
Journal Article	Lutzmann, Nicolá	1998	Eine interessante Farvariante der Schlingnatter (Coronella austriaca Laurenti, 1768)		Elaphe			6	1	111-112		Zoologisches Museum der Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany	
Journal Article	Lutzmann, Nicolá	1998	Anmerkungen zu einer Nachzuchtstatistik		Elaphe			6	4	76-79		Seitzstr. 19, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany	
Journal Article	Lynch, James F.;Wake, David B.	1998	Pseudoeurycea saltator		Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles				665	1-2		Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD 21037, USA	
Journal Article	Lynch, John D.	1998	New species of Eleutherodactylus from the Cordillera Occidental of western Colombia with a synopsis of the distributions of species in western Colombia		Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cien.			22	82	117-148	Amphibia, Leptodactylidae, biogeography, taxonomy		
Journal Article	Lynch, John D.	1998	Additional new species of frogs (genus Eleutherodactylus) from cloud forests of eastern departamento de Caldas, Colombia		Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cien.			22	83	287-298	Amphibia, Leptodactylidae, new species, taxonomy		
Journal Article	Lynch, John D.;Grant, Taran	1998	Dying frogs in western Colombia: Catastrophe or trivial observation?		Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cien.			22	82	149-152	Amphibian declines, Andes, Centrolenidae, Hylidae, Leptodactylidae		
Journal Article	Lynch, John D.;Rueda-Almonacid, José Vicente	1998	New frogs of the gneus Eleutherodactylus from the eastern flank of the northern Cordillera Central of Colombia		Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cien.			22	85	561-570	Amphibia, Leptodactylidae, new species, taxonomy, distribution pattern		
Journal Article	Lynch, John D.	1998	A new frog (genus Eleutherodactylus)  from cloud forest of southern Boyaca		Zoología			22	84	429-432			
Journal Article	Macey, J. Robert;Schulte, James A.;Larson, Allan;Fang, Zhili;Wang, Yeuzhao;Tuniyev, Boris S.;Papenfuss, Theodore J.	1998	Phylogenetic relationships of toads in the bufo bufo species group from the eastern escarpment of the Tibetan Plateau: a case of vicariance and dispersal		Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution			9	1	80-87			
Journal Article	Mackness, Brian;Yuwono, Frank Bambang;Walsh, Trooper	1998	Recognition of twin neonates in a green python Morelia viridis (Schlegel, 1872) clutch		Herpetofauna			28	1	25-29		School of Biological Sciences, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia	
Journal Article	Macredie, Grant	1998	The Harlequin gecko Hoplodactylus rakiurae (Thomas 1980)		Dactylus			3	2	61-62		11 Fenton Street, Papatoetoe, Auckland, New Zealand	
Journal Article	Macrini, Thomas E.;Irschick, Duncan J.	1998	An intraspecific analysis of trade-offs in sprinting performance in a West Indian lizard species (Anolis lineatopus)		Biological Journal of the Linnean Society			63		579-591			
Book Section	Madej, Robert F.	1998	Discovery of Green Salamanders in Indiana and a distributional survey	Lannoo, M. J.	Status & Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians	Iowa City	University of Iowa Press			55-60			
Journal Article	Mader, D.R.	1998	A minimally invasive procedure for renal biopsies in the green iguana, Iguana iguana.		ARAV 5th Ann. Conf. Sept 26-29					141	Reptilia, sauria, green iguana, Iguana iguana, technique, biopsy, kidney		
Journal Article	Mader, D.R.	1998	Understanding thermal burns in reptile patients.		ARAV 5th Ann. Conf. Sept 26-29					143-149.	Reptilia, serpentes, sauria, testudines, pathology, burn		
Journal Article	Mader, D.R.;Klaasen, J.K.	1998	The effects of sample dilution on the plasma chemistry values in reptiles.		ARAV 5th Ann. Conf. Sept 26-29			5		61-62	Reptilia, serpentes, sauria, testudines, technique, blood, values, plasma, sample dilution		
Journal Article	Mader, D.R.;Rosenthal, K.	1998	Laboratory sampling in reptile patients - do's and don'ts.		ARAV 5th Ann. Conf. Sept 26-29					55-60	Reptilia, testudines, sauria, serpentes, pathology, clinic. sampling		
Journal Article	Mader, D. R.	1998	Understanding local analgesics: practical use in the green iguana, Iguana iguana.		ARAV 5th Ann. Conf. Sept 26-29					7-10	Reptilia, sauria, green iguana, Iguana iguana, analgesics, local, topical, infiltration	Abscesses, trauma and minor surgery often need medical intervention. Sometimes that intervention can be invasive, necessitating the need for some sort of pain control. The subject of pain management in general veterinary medicine has been evolving. For years the concept of "pain is good" was the cry that echoed through the halls of veterinary schools and pet hospitals around the country. "Pain keeps them quiet", quotes the doctor, when the concerned owner asks if pain medication is necessary for their post surgical pet. Within the last few years that logic has begun to come around full circle. It is now recognized that pain causes stress, weakens the immune system and delays healing. It is not known if reptiles experience pain in the~e same fashion as humans or other mammals. But, if doubt exists, it is most humane to err on the side that they do, and make the effort to treat as if they did. We frequently perform invasive procedures on iguana patients, such as lancing an abscess, or performing a cut down to place a catheter. Aside from the basic, ethical fact that providing analgesia is good medicine, it is also a source of revenue. It is proper to offer the service, and from a practical standpoint, appropriate to charge for it. It is the rare client that will decline pain medication.	
Journal Article	Madison, Dale M.;Farrand, Livingston	1998	Habitat use during breeding and emigration in radio-implanted Tiger Salamanders, Ambystoma tigrinum		Copeia			1998	2	402-410		dmadison@binghamton.edu	
Journal Article	Madsen, Otto Høj	1998	Russisk success - opdræt af russisk landskilpadde		Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening			41	4	81-86	Testudo horsfieldii	Figenvej 77, 4700 N¦stved, Denmark	
Journal Article	Madsen, Mogens	1998	Noget om lys		Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening			41	5	100-101		Røsnæsvej 147, 4400 Kalundborg, Denmark	
Journal Article	Madsen, Mogens	1998	Planter i terrariet		Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening			41	5	102-105		Røsnæsvej 147, 4400 Kalundborg, Denmark	
Journal Article	Madsen, M.;Hangartner, P.;West, K.;Kelly, P.	1998	Recovery rates, serotypes, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Salmonellae isolated from cloacal swabs of wild Nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) in Zimbabwe		Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine			29	1	31-34	Reptilia, sauria, Crocodylia, Nile crocodile, Crocodylus niloticus, infection, bacteria, Salmonella, invasiveness, antibiotic sensitivity,	Samples from the cloaca and the ventral skin surface of 67 Nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) captured in four uninhabited areas at Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe, were cultured for Salmonella. All the skin samples tested negative for Salmonella, whereas 18 of 67 (26.9%) cloacal samples grew Salmonella. Significantly more males than females yielded Salmonella, but no statistically significant correlation among salmonella carriage, body size, nd age was recorded. Ten different serotypes of S. enterica belonging to the subspecies enterica, salamae, and diarizonae were isolated. All isolates belonging to subspecies enterica displayed invasive properties in an experimental mouse model and thus exhibited pathogenic potential, whereas none of the other isolates were invasive. In general, isolates were sensitive to a number of commonly used antimicrobials, except for three isolates that were resistant to streptomycin. M Madsen, Danish Vet Lab, Dept Poultry Fish & Fur Anim, 2 Hangovej, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark	
Journal Article	Maglia, Anne M.;Púgener, L. Analía	1998	Skeletal development and adult osteology of Bombina orientalis (Anura: Bombinatoridae)		Herpetologica			54	3	344-363		Dept. of Systematics and Ecology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-2454, USA	
Journal Article	Maglia, Anne M.	1998	Phylogenetic relationships of extant pelobatoid frogs (Anura: Pelobatoidea) evidence from adult morphology		Scientific Papers of the Natural History Museum, The University of Kansas				10	1-19	Anura, Pelobatoidea, systematics, phylogenetic relationships, Pelobates, Scaphiopus, Spea		
Journal Article	Maglia, Anne M.	1998	Phylogenetic relationships of Extant pelobatoid frogs (Anura: Pelobatoidea): Evidence from adult morphology		Scientific Papers				10	1-19			
Journal Article	Magnan, Philippe	1998	Association A Cupulatta notre ambition		Manouria				1	8-9			
Journal Article	Magnusson, William E.;Lima, Albertina P.;Araujo, Maria Carmozina de	1998	Geographic distribution. Kinosternon scorpionoides		Herpetological Review			29	3	173			
Journal Article	Magnusson, William E.;Lima, Albertina P.;Araújo, Maria Carmozina de	1998	Geographic distribution. Kinosternon scorpioides		Herpetological Review			29	4	247			
Journal Article	Maguire, G.;Connaughton, V.;Prat, A. G.;Jackson, G. R., Jr.;Cantiello, H. F.	1998	Actin cytoskeleton regulates ion channel activity in retinal neurons		Neuroreport			9	4	665-70	Actins/*physiology; Ambystoma; Animal; Cytochalasin D/pharmacology; Cytoskeleton/drug effects/*physiology/ultrastructure; Homeostasis; In Vitro; Ion Channels/*physiology; Membrane Potentials; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Phalloidine/pharmacology; Photoreceptors/cytology/drug effects/*physiology; Potassium Channels/drug effects/physiology; Retinal Ganglion Cells/*physiology/ultrastructure; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Time Factors	The actin cytoskeleton is an important contributor to the integrity of cellular shape and responses in neurons. However, the molecular mechanisms associated with functional interactions between the actin cytoskeleton and neuronal ion channels are largely unknown. Whole-cell and single channel recording techniques were thus applied to identified retinal bipolar neurons of the tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) to assess the role of acute changes in actin-based cytoskeleton dynamics in the regulation of voltage-gated ion channels. Disruption of endogenous actin filaments after brief treatment (20-30 min) with cytochalasin D (CD) activated voltage-gated K+ currents in bipolar cells, which were largely prevented by intracellular perfusion with the actin filament-stabilizer agent, phalloidin. Either CD treatment under cell-attached conditions or direct addition of actin to excised, inside- out patches of bipolar cells activated and/or increased single K+ channels. Thus, acute changes in actin-based cytoskeleton dynamics regulate voltage-gated ion channel activity in bipolar cells.	
Journal Article	Mahrdt, Clark R.	1998	Geographic Distribution. tarentola mauritanica		Herpetological Review			29	1	52			
Journal Article	Mahrdt, Clark R.;McPeak, Ron H.;Grismer, L. Lee	1998 (1999)	The discovery of Ensatina eschscholtzii klauberi (Plethodontidae) in the Sierra San Pedro Mártir, Baja California, México		Herpetological Natural History			6	1	73-76		cmahrdt@aol.com	
Journal Article	Mahrt, Laura A.	1998	Response to intruders and the dear enemy phenomenon in female tree lizards, Urosaurus ornatus, in relation to age and reproductive condition		Journal of Herpetology			32	2	162-168		Science Office, 1410 "L" Ave., Eastern Oregon University, La Grande, OR 97850, USA	
Journal Article	Mahrt, Laura A.	1998	Territorial establishment and maintenance by female tree lizards, Urosaurus ornatus		Journal of Herpetology			32	2	176-182		Science Office, 1410 "L" Ave., Eastern Oregon University, La Grande, OR 97850, USA	
Journal Article	Majecki, Janusz;Majecka, Katarzyna	1998	Predation of Oligotricha striata (Trichoptera, Phryganeidae) larvae on amphibian eggs		Amphibia-Reptilia			19	2	230-233		Department of Experimental Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Lódz ul. Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lódz, Poland	
Journal Article	Malhotra, Anita	1998	Book review: Snakes: The Evolution of Mystery in Nature		Herpetological Journal			8	2	115			
Journal Article	Malkmus, Rudolf	1998	Der Alpen-Kammolch (Triturus carnifex) auf São Miguel/Azoren		Elaphe			6	3	61-63		Schulstr. 4, D-97859 Wiesthal, Germany	
Journal Article	Malkmus, Rudolf	1998	Urbanophilie bei der Geburtshelferkröte Alytes obstetricans boscai Lataste, 1879 in Braganaça/Portugal [Urbanophily in the Midwife toad, Alytes obstetricans boscai Lataste, 1879 in Bragança/Portugal		Sauria			20	4	43-45		Schulstraße 4, D-97859 Wiesthal, Germany	
Journal Article	Malkmus, Rudolf	1998	Buchbesprechungen: Distribución y Biogeografía de los Anfíbios y Reptiles en España y Portugal		Salamandra			34	4	383-384			
Journal Article	Malley, D.	1998	Preparing a tortoise for surgery		Irish Veterinary Journal			51	8	438	Reptilia, testudines, anesthesia, technique, surgery	D Malley, S Beach Vet Surg, Wickford, Essex, England	
Journal Article	Mallick, Pranab Kumar	1998	Food preference of Polypedates maculatus tadpoles		Cobra			31		13-15		Reserach Centre on Natural Science, Duillya 711 302, Howrah, West Bengal, India	
Journal Article	Mallick, Pranab Kumar	1998	Calling behavior and courtship of Hoplobatrachus tigerinus Daudin		Cobra			32		1-6		Dept. of Zoology, Dum Dum Motijheel College, Dum Dum, Calcutta 700 074, India	
Journal Article	Mallick, Pranab Kumar	1998	Notes on reproduction in Philautus annandalii in Sikkim		Hamadryad			22	2	123-124		Research Centre on Natural Sciences, Duillya 711 302 Howrah, West Bengal, India	
Journal Article	Mallick, Pranab Kumar	1998	Territorial behaviour in Euphlyctis cyanophyctis		Cobra			34	Oct.-Dec.	16-18		Department of Zoology, Dum Dum Motijheel College, Dum Dum, Calcutta 700 074, India	
Journal Article	Malmgren, Jan C.	1998	Kunskap om groddjursbiologi En herpetologisk hjärtefråga		Snoken			28	3	3-8		jan.malmgren@hoe.se	
Journal Article	Malmgren, Jan C.	1998	Drömbok för bekväma äventyrsresenärer och soffliggarherpetologer		Snoken			28	2	27-28		jan.malmgren@hoe.se	
Journal Article	Malmgren, Jan C.	1998	Centralamerikansk bandgecko, Coleonyx mitratus		Snoken			28	2	13-19		jan.malmgren@hoe.se	
Journal Article	Malmgren, Jan	1998	Köp din herpetologiska litteratur över Internet		Snoken			28	1	27-29		jan.malmgren@hoe.se	
Journal Article	Malmgren, Jan	1998	Nya regler för djur i bur		Snoken			28	1	22-24		jan.malmgren@hoe.se	
Journal Article	Malmgren, Jan	1998	Västsvenska småvatten inventeras		Snoken			28	1	20		jan.malmgren@hoe.se	
Book	Malone, Dan;Moran, Theresa	1998	General care & maintenance of Alligators, Caiman, and other Crocodilians			Lansing, MI	E.C.O.			24			
Journal Article	Malone, John H.	1998	Geographic distribution. Syrrhophus marnockii		Herpetological Review			29	4	247			
Journal Article	Malone, John H.;Davis, Wayne	1998	Geographic distribution. Anolis carolinensis		Herpetological Review			29	4	248			
Journal Article	Malone, John H.	1998	Geographic distribution. Hemidactylus turcicus		Herpetological Review			29	4	248			
Journal Article	Mamet, Sergei V.;Kudryavtsev, Sergei V.	1998	Notes on the reproductive biology of rare Asian ratsnake (Elaphe persica)		Russian Journal of Herpetology			5	1	17-19		Moscow Zoo, B. Gruzinskaya 1, Moscow 123242, Russia	
Journal Article	Mancilla-Moreno, Mario;Camarillo-Rangel, Jose Luis	1998	Geographic Distribution. Chersodromus liebmanni		Herpetological Review			29	1	52-53			
Journal Article	Mancilla-Moreno, Mario;Ramirez-Bautista, Aurelio	1998	Geographic Distribution. Ramphotyphlops braminus		Herpetological Review			29	1	54			
Journal Article	Mangone, B.;Johnson, J.D.	1998	Current research trends in the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii.		ARAV 5th Ann. Conf. Sept 26-29					105-107	Reptilia, testudines, desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii, pathology, general, research		
Journal Article	Mangone, B.	1998	Surgical removal of cystic calculi via the inguinal fossa and other techniques applicable to the approach in the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii.		ARAV 5th Ann. Conf. Sept 26-29					87-88.	Reptilia, testudines, desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii, pathology, calculus, bladder, surgery, technique, inguinal fossa		
Journal Article	Mangone, B.	1998	Photography in the veterinary practice.		ARAV 5th Ann. Conf. Sept 26-29			5		73-75	Reptilia, testudines, sauria, serpentes, pathology, survey, techniqye, photography		
Journal Article	Manjarrez, Javier	1998	Ecology of the Mexican garter snake (Thamnophis eques) in Toluca, México		Journal of Herpetology			32	3	464-468		jsilva@miranda.ecologia.unam.mx	
Journal Article	Mansfield, Patricia;Strauss, Eric G.;Auger, Peter J.	1998	Using decoys to capture spotted turtles (Clemmys guttata) in water funnel traps		Herpetological Review			29	3	157-158		tmansfield@juno.com	
Journal Article	Manthey, Ulrich;Steiof, Christian	1998	Rhacophorus cyanopunctatus sp. n. (Anura: Rhacophoridae), ein neuer Flugfrosch von der Malaiischen Halbinsel, Sumatra und Borneo		Sauria			20	3	37-42		Kindelbergweg 15, D-12249 Berlin, Germany	
Journal Article	Manzanilla, Jesus;La Marca, Enrique;Villareal, Osvaldo;Sanchez, Dinora	1998	Phrynohyas venulosa (Veined Treefrog, "Rana lechosa"). Antipredator device		Herpetological Review			29	1	39-40		Estación Biológica "Dr. Alberto Fernández Yépez," Facultad de Argonomía, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Apartatdo 4579, Maracay 2101-A, Venezuela	
Journal Article	Manzanilla, Jesus;Cornieles, Ricardo;Fernandez-Badillo, Alberto	1998	Geographic Distribution. Ameiva bifrontata		Herpetological Review			29	2	109-110			
Journal Article	Manzanilla, Jesús;Mijares-Urrutia, Abraham;Rivero, Ramón	1998	Geographic Distribution. Rhadinaea fulviceps		Herpetological Review			29	2	115			
Journal Article	Marcellini, Dale L.;Murphy, James B.	1998	Education in a zoological park or aquarium: an ontogeny of learning opportunities		Herpetologica			54	Suppl.	S12-S16		Dept. of Herpetology, National Zoological Park, Washington, D.C. 20008, USA	
Journal Article	Marco, A.;Pérez-Mellado, V.	1998	Influence of clutch date on egg and hatchling sizes in the annual clutch of Lacerta schreiberi (Sauria, Lacertidae)		Copeia			1998	1	145-150		Dept. de Biologia Animal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37071 Salamanca, Spain	
Journal Article	Marco, Adolfo;Blaustein, Andrew R.	1998	Egg gelatinous matrix protects Ambystoma gracile embryos from prolonged exposure to air		Herpetological Journal			8	4	207-211		Dept. de Biología Animal, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37071, Spain	
Journal Article	Markezich, Allan L.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Phyllomedusa tarsius		Herpetological Review			29	1	49			
Journal Article	Marks, Sharyn B.;Collazo, Andres	1998	Direct development in Desmognathus aeneus (Caudata: Plethodontidae): A staging table		Copeia			1998	3	637-648		sbm1@axe.humboldt.edu	
Journal Article	Marks, Sharyn;Collazo, Andres	1998	Direct development in Desmognathus aeneus (Caudata: Plethodontidae): A staging table		Copeia			1998	3	637-648	development, fertilization, hatching, external morphology, front and hindlimb buds, true direct developer		
Journal Article	Marques, Otavio V.;Franco, Francisco L.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Philodryas viridissimus		Herpetological Review			29	1	54			
Journal Article	Marques, Otavio A. V.;Cavalheiro, Joaquim	1998	Corallus cropanii (NCN) Habitat and Diet		Herpetological Review			29	3	170		Laboritório de Herpetologia, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil, 1500 CEP 05503-900, São Paulo, Sp, Brazil	
Journal Article	Marques, Otavio A.V.;Puorto, Giuseppe	1998	Feeding, reproduction and growth in the crowned snake Tantilla melanocephala (Colubridae), from southeastern Brazil		Amphibia-Reptilia			19	3	311-318		Laboratório de Herpetologia, Insitituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, 05535-900, São Paulo, Sp, Brazil	
Journal Article	Martin, Andy	1998	Captive breeding and maintenance of the Royal Python (Python regius)		British Herpetological Society Bulletin				64	15-20		The Stables, Wood of Arbeadie, Banchory, Kincardineshire AB31 4EP, Great Britain	
Journal Article	Martino, Adolfo L.;Salas, Nancy E.;Tada, Ismael E. di	1998	Geographic distribution. Bufo fernandezae		Herpetological Review			29	4	246			
Journal Article	Martins, Marcio;Pombal, José P.;Haddad, Célio F.B.	1998	Escalated aggressive behaviour and facultative parental care in the nest building gladiator frog Hyla faber		Amphibia-Reptilia			19	1	65-73		Dept. de Ecologia Geral, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 11461, 05422-970 São Paulo SP, Brazil	
Journal Article	Martins, Emília P.;Lamont, Jenny	1998	Estimating ancestral states of a commicative display: a comparative study of Cyclura rock iguanas		Animal Behaviour			55		1685-1706			
Journal Article	Martins, Marcio;Oliveira, M. Ermelinda	1998 (1999)	Natural history of snakes in forests of the Manaus Region, Central Amazonia, Brazil		Herpetological Natural History			6	2	78-150		Departamento de Ecologia Geral, Instituto de Biociências, Universidad de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 11.461, 05422-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil	
Journal Article	Martín, José;López, Pilar	1998	Shifts in microhabitat use by the lizard Psammodromus algirus: Responses to seasonal changes in vegetation structure		Copeia			1998	3	780-786		jose.martin@fresno.csic.es	
Journal Article	Martín, José;López, Pilar	1998	Shifts in microhabitat use by the lizard Psammodromus algirus : Repsoanses to seasonal changes in vegetation structure		Copeia			1998	3	780-786	seasonal patterns, Habitat use, lacertid, Lacertilia		
Journal Article	Martínez Silvestre, A.	1998	Estatus y conservación de Geochelone denticulata en Ecuador		Reptilia (E)				14	48-51			
Journal Article	Martínez-Silvestre, A.;Parellada, X.;Santos, H.	1998	Transmitter implantation in snakes: Review of methodolgy		Reptilia (GB)				5	21-25			
Journal Article	Martínez-Silvestre, A.;Parellada, X.;Santos, X.	1998	Seguimiento telemétrico en serpientes: revisión clínica de la methología		Reptilia (E)				18	21-25			
Journal Article	Martínez-Silvestre, A.;Soler, J.;Solé, R.;Sampere, X.	1998	Polidactilia en Testudo hermanni y causas teratogénicas en reptiles		Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Española				9	35-38			
Journal Article	Martori, Ricardo;Cardinale, Lisandro;Vignolo, Pablo	1998	Growth in a population of Liolaemus wiegmannii (Squamata: Tropiduridae) in central Argentina		Amphibia-Reptilia			19	3	293-301		rmartori@exa.unrc.edu.ar	
Journal Article	Martori, Ricardo;Vignolo, Pablo;Cardinale, Lisandro	1998	Relaciones térmicas en una población de Liolaemus wiegmannii (Iguania: Tropiduridae) [Thermic relationships in a Liolaemus wiegmanni population (Iguania: Tropiduridae)]		Revista Española de Herpetología			12		19-26			Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, 5800, Río Cuarto, Argentina
Journal Article	Maryan, Brad	1998	Leristas rule in Australia		Monitor			9	2	54-56		169-Egina Street, Mount Hawthorn, WA 6016, Australia	
Journal Article	Maryan, Brad	1998	The Dugite or spotted brown snake (Pseudonaja affinis) in captivity		Monitor			10	1	13-14; 32		169 Egina Street, Mount Hawthorn, WA, 6016, Australia	
Journal Article	Maryan, Brad	1998	Notes on reproduction in captive Delma grayii (Lacertilia: Pygopodidae)		Herpetofauna			28	2	47		169 Egina Street, Mount Hawthorn, WA 6016, Australia	
Journal Article	Maryan, Brad;George, Bruce	1998	Notes on captive reproduction in the pygmy python Antaresia perthensis		Herpetofauna			28	2	44-46		169 Egina Street, Mount Hawthorn, WA 6016, Australia	
Journal Article	Mascort, Ramon	1998	Distribution and status of the European pond turtle, Emys orbicularis, in Catalonia		Mertensiella			10		177-186		C.R.T. l'Albera, E-17780 Garriguella, Girona, Spain	
Journal Article	Maslov, Dmitri A.;Kotlobay, Anatoly A.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Dinodon rufozonatum		Herpetological Review			29	2	111-112			
Journal Article	Maslova, Irinia V.	1998 (1999)	The current status of populations of the long-tailed clawed salamander (Onychodactylus fischeri) in the Ussuriiskii Nature Reserve		Advances in Amphibian Research in the Former Soviet Union			3		193-198		Ussuriiski Nature Reserve, P.O. Kamenushka, Ussur District, Primorskiisk Krai 692532, Russia	
Journal Article	Mason, Mervyn C.;Passmore, Neville I.	1998	Hyperolius tuberilinguis (Tinker Reed Frog). Oviposition		Herpetological Review			29	4	231-232			
Journal Article	Master, Terry L.	1998	Dendrobates auratus (Black-and-Green Poison Dart Frog). Predation		Herpetological Review			29	3	164-165		Dept. of Biol. Sci., East Stroudsburg University, East Stroudsburg, PA 18301, USA	
Journal Article	Mateo, José A.;Geniez, Philippe;Bons, Jacques	1998	The Moroccan glass lizard, Ophisaurus koellikeri (Günther, 1873), a new species in Algeria		British Herpetological Society Bulletin				63	32-33		Estación Biológica de Donana - C.S.I.C., apatado 1056, 41080 Sevilla, Spain	
Journal Article	Mateo, José Antonio;Cuadrado, Mariano	1998	Ptyodactylus oudrii (NCN). Parental care		Herpetological Review			29	2	101-102		Estación Biológica de Donana - C.S.I.C., apatado 1056, 41080 Sevilla, Spain	
Journal Article	Mateo, José Antonio;Geniez, Philippe;López-Jurado, Luis Felipe;Bons, Jacques	1998	Chorological analysis and morphological variations of saurian of the genus Uromastyx (Reptilia, Agamidae) in western Sahara. Description of two new taxa		Revista Española de Herpetología			12		97-109	Uromastyx flavifasciata obscura subsp. nov.; Uromastyx occidentalis sp. nov.		LFL-J: luisfelipe.lopez@biologia.ulpgc.es
Journal Article	Mathis, Alicia;Lancaster, Debra	1998	Response of terrestrial salamanders to chemical stimuli from distressed conspecifics		Amphibia-Reptilia			19	3	330-335		sam477f@vma.smsu.edu	
Journal Article	Mathis, Alicia;Deckard, Krista;Duer, Connie	1998	Laboratory evidence for territorial behavior by the southern red-backed salamander, Plethodon serratus: influence of residency status and phermonal advertisement		Southwestern Naturalist			43	1	1-5			
Book Section	Matson, Timothy O.	1998	Evidence for home ranges in Mudpuppies and implications for impacts due to episodic applications of the Lampricide TFM	Lannoo, M. J.	Status & Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians	Iowa City	University of Iowa Press			278-287			
Journal Article	Matsui, Masafumi;Nabhitabhata, Jarujin;Panha, Somsak	1998	A new Ansonia from northern Thailand (Anura: Bufonidae)		Herpetologica			54	4	448-454		Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606, Japan	
Journal Article	Matsui, Masafumi;Tanaka-Ueno, Tomoko;Paik, Nam-Keuk;Yang, Suh-Yung;Takenaka, Osamu	1998	Phylogenetic relationships among local populations of Rana dybowskii assessed by mitochondrial Cytochrome b gene sequences		Japanese Journal of Herpetology			17	4	145-151		Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan	
Journal Article	Mattison, Chris	1998	West Indian wood snakes		Reptiles			6	3	24-27			
Journal Article	Mattison, Chris	1998	The Nuevo Leon kingsnake, Lampropeltis mexicana thayeri		Reptilia (GB)				2	43-46			
Journal Article	Maupin, R. S.;Diong, C. H.;Mcquistion, T. E.	1998	Two new coccidian parasites from the grand anglehead lizard, Gonocephalus grandis from peninsular Malaysia		Journal of Parasitology			84	6	1210-1212	Reptilia, sauria, gecko, Gonocephalus grandis, infection, protozoa, apicomplexa, isospora	During 3 collecting expeditions between October 1996 and December 1996, fecal samples were obtained from 43 adult Gonocephalus grandis from Tanah Rata and the Cameron Highlands in Peninsular Malaysia. Two species of coccidia (Isospora gonocephali n. sp. [9/43, 23%] and Eimeria cameronensis n. sp. [3/43, 7%]) were discovered. Sporulated oocysts of I. gonocephali are subspherical to ovoidal, 22.3 X 18.7 (19-25 X 17-23) mu m with a bilayered wall composed of a thin inner wall and a striated outer wall with a pitted surface; oocyst residuum absent; 1 polar granule present; sporocysts are almond-shaped, 13.5 X 9.2 (12-15 X 8.5-10) mu m, Stieda body broad, domelike, substieda body fanlike, sporocyst residuum consisting of coarse, nonuniform granules in an amorphous cluster; sporozoites sausage-shaped with 1 large terminal, refractile body and lay randomly in the sporocyst. Sporulated oocysts off. cameronensis are bilayered, smooth-walled, ellipsoidal, 26.5 X 12.4 (25-28 X 12-13) mu m; with 1, small, polar granule composed of 2-3 splinter-like structures fused together; oocyst residuum absent; sporocysts ovoidal, almost rectangular-shaped 8.8 X 6.6 (8-9 X 5-7) mu m, with no Stieda or substieda bodies, containing scattered residuum and 2 sausage-shaped sporozoites with 1 terminal, ovoidal refractile body. No individual lizard was host to both coccidian species.CH Diong, Millikin Univ, Dept Biol, Decatur, IL 62522 USA	
Journal Article	Mayeaux, M.H.;Winston, G.W.	1998	Antibiotic effects on cytochromes P450 content and mixed-function oxygenase (MFO) activities in the American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis		Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics			21	4	274-281	Reptilia, sauria, crocodylia, American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis, antibiotics, cytochromes P450, oxygenase (MFO)	There are no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved antimicrobial agents for use in cultured American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) destined for human consumption yet some producers administer antibiotics for prophylaxis. The cytochromes P450-dependent mixed-function oxygenases (MFO) catalyze the oxidation of xenobiotic compounds such as drugs, pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Herein, we describe the effects of oxytetracycline, ceftazidime and enrofloxacin on the MFO system of the American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis. Juvenile alligators (4 animals, treatment) were administered these antibiotics intraperitoneally in an effort to induce hepatic microsomal cytochromes P450. Alligators treated with enrofloxacin exhibited emesis and convulsive spasms within 5 min of the initial injection. Total hepatic cytochromes P450 contents were significantly decreased in oxytetracycline- and enrofloxacin-pretreated alligators. In vitro hepatic microsomal benzyloxyresorufin O-dealkylase (BROD) activity was significantly decreased by enrofloxacin pretreatment. Western blots of proteins from antibiotic-pretreated alligator hepatic microsomes incubated with several mammalian and fish cytochromes P450 (CYP) antibodies exhibited little or no induction of CYP1A1, 2B, 2C and 2E1, In vitro incubation with enrofloxacin and oxytetracycline caused a concentration-dependent decrease in alkyl-substituted phenoxazone dealkylase activities catalyzed by phenobarbital- and 3-methylcholanthrene-induced alligator hepatic microsomes. GW Winston, N Carolina State Univ, Dept Toxicol, Box 7633, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA	
Journal Article	Mägdefrau, Helmut	1998	Buchbesprechung: Amphibien und Reptilien Südostasiens		Sauria			20	1	46		Vogelhofer str. 41, D-91207 Lauf, Germany	
Journal Article	Mähn, Mathias	1998	Madagaskar		Schildkröte			1	1	48-51			
Journal Article	McAlpine, Donald F.;Burt, Michael D. B.	1998	Helminths of bullfrogs, Rana catesbeiana, green frogs, R. clamitans, and leopard frogs, R. pipiens in New Brunswick		Canadian Field-Naturalist			112	1	50-68			
Journal Article	McCoid, Michael James	1998	Geographic distribution. Hyla cinerea		Herpetological Review			29	4	246			
Journal Article	McCoid, Michael James	1998	Geographic distribution. Pseudacris clarkii		Herpetological Review			29	4	246			
Journal Article	McCoid, Michael J.	1998	Geographic distribution. Drymarchon corais erebennus		Herpetological Review			29	4	249			
Journal Article	McCord, William P.;Philippen, Hans-Dieter	1998	A new subspecies of box turtle, Cuora ambionensis lineata, from northern Myanmar (Burma), with remarks on the distribution and grographic variation of the species		Reptile Hobbyist			1998	March	51-58			
Journal Article	McCranie, James R.;Wilson, Larry David	1998	Specific status of Honduran frogs formerly referred to Plectrohyla teuchestes (Anura: Hylidae)		Journal of Herpetology			32	1	96-101		10770 SW 164th St., Miami, FL 33157-2933, USA	
Journal Article	McCranie, James R.;Espinal, Mario E.	1998	Geographic distribution. Corytophanes hernandezii		Herpetological Review			29	3	174			
Journal Article	McCranie, James R.;Wilson, Larry David	1998	Geographic distribution. Corytophanes percarinatus		Herpetological Review			29	3	174			
Journal Article	McCranie, James R.;Wilson, Larry David;Polisar, John	1998	Another new montane salamander (Amphibia: Caudata: Plethodontidae) from Parque Nacional Santa Barbara, Honduras		Herpetologica			54	4	455-461		10770 SW 164th Street, Miami, FL 33157-2933, USA	
Journal Article	McDonald, K. R.	1998	First Queensland record of the burrowing frog Cyclorana cryptotis Tyler & Martin, 1977 (Anura: Hylidae)		Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia			122	2	85-86			
Journal Article	McGowan, Gerard J.	1998	The development and function of the Atlanto-axial joint in Albanerpetontid amphibians		Journal of Herpetology			32	1	116-122		Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz Institut für Geowissenschaften LE Paläontologie, Johann-Joachim- Becher-Weg 21, 55099 Mainz, Germany	
Journal Article	McGuigan, K.;McDonald, K.;Parris, K.;Moritz, C.	1998	Mitochondrial DNA diversity and historical biogeography of a wet forest-restricted frog (Litoria pearsoniana) from mid-east Australia		Molecular Ecology			7		175-186			
Journal Article	Mckown, R. D.	1998	A cystic calculus from a wild western spiny softshell turtle (Apalone (Trionyx) spiniferus hartwegi)		Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine			29	3	347	Reptilia, testudines, western spiny softshell turtle, Apalone (Trionyx) spiniferus hartwegi, pathology, urinary bladder, stone	During a postmortem examination of a western spiny softshell turtle (Apalone [Trionyx] spiniferus hartwegi), a calculus (24 x 21 x 12-mm) with a dry weight of approximately 5 g was discovered in the urinary bladder. Chemically, the calculus was a mixture of apatite (basic calcium phosphate), struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate), and unidentifiable crystals. This is the first report of a cystic calculus in a wild chelonian. RD Mckown, Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Coll Vet Med, College Stn, TX 77843 USA	
Journal Article	Mcrobert, S. P.;Hopkins, D. T.	1998	The effects of dietary vitamin C on growth rates of juvenile slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans)		Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine			29	4	419-422	Reptilia, testudines, slider turtles, Trachemys scripta elegans, food, feeding, vitamin C, growth	Seventeen juvenile red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans) were separated into two groups: one group received a diet that included vitamin C supplementation, the other group received a similar diet devoid of supplemental vitamin C. Overall body mass and carapace length were measured monthly for a period of 1 yr. No significant differences were observed between the growth rates of the Two experimental groups, suggesting that dietary vitamin C is not essential for normal growth and development in juvenile red-eared slider turtles. SP Mcrobert, St Josephs Univ, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19131 USA	
Journal Article	Means, D. Bruce	1998	Book review: Snakes in Question: The Smithsonian Answer Book		Copeia			1998	1	257-258		dbm5647@garnet.acns.fsu.edu	
Journal Article	Means, D. Bruce	1998	Geographic Distribution. Ambystoma cingulatum		Herpetological Review			29	1	47			
Journal Article	Means, D. Bruce	1998	Geographic Distribution. Lampropeltis getula		Herpetological Review			29	2	113			
Journal Article	Means, D. Bruce	1998	Geographic distribution. Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix		Herpetological Review			29	3	175			
Journal Article	Means, D. Bruce;Christman, Steven P.	1998	Geographic distribution. Farancia abacura		Herpetological Review			29	3	177			
Journal Article	Measey, G. John;Wilkinson, Mark	1998	Lines of arrested growth in the caecilian, Typhlonectes natans (Amphibia: Gymnophiona)		Amphibia-Reptilia			19	1	91-95		School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, BS8 1UG, Great Britain	
Journal Article	Measey, G. John	1998	Terrestrial prey capture in Xenopus laevis		Copeia			1998	3	787-791		g.j.measey@bris.ac.uk	
Journal Article	Measley, G. John;Tinsley, Richard C.	1998	Feral Xenopus laevis in South Wales		Herpetological Journal			8	1	23-27		School of Biol. Sci., Univ. of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UG, Great Britain	
Journal Article	Meek, Roger	1998	British Herpetological Society 50th Anniversary Meeting, Huddersfield Technical College, October 25, 1997		British Herpetological Society Bulletin				62	36-38			
Journal Article	Megerle, Heidi;Megerle, Andreas	1998	Igitt - ein Frosch! Oder: Wer küßt den verzauberten Märchenprinzen? Herpetofauna aus Kindersicht		Elaphe			6	4	70-73		Silcherstr. 3, D-72667 Schlaitdorf, Germany	
Journal Article	Meidinger, Robert	1998	Erstnachzucht von Antheris desaixi Ashe, 1968, Mount-Kenya-Buschviper		Elaphe			6	3	15-17		Langegasse 27, A-2404 Petronell, Austria	
Journal Article	Melisch, Roland;Wischuf, Tilman;Lubis, Irwansyah Reza	1998	Bemerkungen zur Aufnahme pflanzlicher Nahrung bei Cosymbotus platyurus (Gekkonidae)		Salamandra			34	3	279-281		WWF Deutschland, Hedderichstraße 110, D-60591 Frankfurt am Main, Germany	
Journal Article	Melisch, R.	1998	Wildlife trade, sustainable use, and conservation implications from a WWF and TRAFFIC perspective		Mertensiella			9		1-8		WWF Deutchland, Hedderichstr. 110, 60591 Frankfurt, Germany	
Journal Article	Mendelson, Joseph R.	1998	Book review: A research Guide to the Lizards of Cuyabeno		Herpetological Review			29	1	58-59		Dept. of Biol., Utah State Univ., Logan, UT 84322-5305, USA	
Journal Article	Mendelson, Joseph R.	1998	Bufo cavifrons		Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles				645	1-3		Dept. of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5305, USA	
Journal Article	Mendelson, Joseph R.	1998	Bufo cristatus		Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles				646	1-2		Dept. of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5305, USA	
Journal Article	Mendelson, Joseph R., III;Canseco-Marquez, Luis	1998	Geographic Distribution. Bufo cristatus		Herpetological Review			29	2	106			
Journal Article	Mendelson, Joseph R., III	1998	Geographic variation in Bufo valliceps (Anura: Bufonidae), a widespread toad in the United States and Middle America		Scientific Papers				8	1-12			
Journal Article	Mendoza-Quijano, Fernando;Flores-Villela, Oscar;Sites, Jack W.	1998	Genetic variation, Species status, and phylogenetic relationships in rose-bellied lizards (variabilis group) of the genus Sceloporus (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae)		Copeia			1998	2	354-366		sites@acd1.byu.edu	
Journal Article	Merchán, manuel;Fidalgo, Ana M.;Pérez, César	1998	Biology, Distribution and conservation of the Redfoot tortoise, Geochelone carbonaria		Reptilia (GB)				2	30-38			
Journal Article	Merchán, Manuel;Fidalgo, Ana M.;Pérez, César	1998	Podocnemis vogli: Biology and distribution of the Savanna sideneck turtle in Venezuela		Reptilia (GB)				5	29-31			
Journal Article	Merchán, Manuel;Fidalgo, Ana M.;Pérez, César	1998	Podocnemis vogli: Biología y distribución del galápago llanero en Venezuela		Reptilia (E)				18	29-31			
Journal Article	Meyer, Stefan	1998	Nachzucht eines schwarzen Oviedo-Salamanders (Salamandra salamandra bernardezi Wolterstorff, 1928)		Elaphe			6	3	74-75			
Journal Article	Meyer, J.	1998	Gastrografin as a gastrointestinal contrast agent in the greek tortoise (Testudo Hermanni).		Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine			29	2	183-189	Reptilia, testudines, greek tortoise, Testudo hermanni, technique, intestine, gastrografin		
Journal Article	Meyer, J.	1998	Gastrografin(R) as a gastrointestinal contrast agent in the Greek tortoise (Testudo hermanni)		Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine			29	2	183-189	Reptilia, testudines, Greek tortoise, Testudo hermanni, Gastrografin, contrast radiographs, gastrointestinal tract, technique, radiography	Eighteen Greek tortoises (Testudo hermanni), divided into three groups, were kept at three different average ambient temperatures. Gastrografin((R)) was administered to all individuals by orogastric tube at a dosage of 1 ml, 130 g body weight. The partial and total transit times were recorded by means of radiographs taken immediately postadministration and at 20, 40, 60, 90, 120, and 150 min and 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr postadministration. Mean total transit times were 2.6 hr (range 1.5-4.0 hr) at 30.6 degrees C, 6.6 hr (range 3.0-8.0 hr) at 21.5 degrees C, and 17.3 hr (range 8.0-24.0 hr) at 15.2 degrees C. These transit times allow a radiologic diagnosis within a relatively short period, especially compared with contrast studies performed with barium sulfate. The visualization of the intestinal tract is good with Gastrografin((R)); however, intestinal mucosal detail was not completely satisfactory. J Meyer, Univ Vet Med, Clin Radiol, Josef Baummgasse 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria	
Journal Article	Meyers, Ron A.;Clarke, Brett M.	1998	How do flap-necked chameleons move their flaps?		Copeia			1998	3	759-761		rmeyers@weber.edu	
Journal Article	Méndez-de la Cruz, Fausto R.;Villagrán-Santa Cruz, Maricela;Andrews, Robin M.	1998	Evolution of viviparity in the lizard genus Sceloporus		Herpetologica			54	4	521-532		Department of Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA	
Journal Article	Michelsen, Jens	1998	Skægagam, Pogona vitticeps - pleje og opdræt af orange variant		Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening			41	2	26-39		Nygårdsterraserne 271F, 3520 Farum, Denmark	
Book Section	Mierzwa, Kenneth S.	1998	Amphibian habitat in the Midwestern United States	Lannoo, M. J.	Status & Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians	Iowa City	University of Iowa Press			16-23			
Book Section	Mierzwa, Kenneth S.	1998	Status of northeastern Illinois amphibians	Lannoo, M. J.	Status & Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians	Iowa City	University of Iowa Press			115-124			
Journal Article	Mijares-Urrutia, Abraham;Arends R., Alexis	1998	Erythrolamprus bizona (False Coral Snake). Diet		Herpetological Review			29	2	103		amijares@reacciun.ve	
Journal Article	Mijares-Urrutia, Abraham;Arends, Alexis;Rivero, Ramón A.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Hyla vigilans		Herpetological Review			29	2	107			
Journal Article	Mijares-Urrutia, Abraham	1998	Los renacuajos de los anuros (Amphibia) altoandinos de Venezuela: Morfología externa y claves		Rev. Biol. trop.			46	1	119-143			
Journal Article	Miller, Lynda R.;Gutzke, William H.N.	1998	Sodium brevital as an anesthetizing agent for Crotalines		Herpetological Review			29	1	16		lrmiller@msuvx2.memphis.edu	
Journal Article	Miller, Brian T.;Miller, Joyce L.;Campbell, David L.;Wyatt, Pete	1998	Plethodon dorsalis (Zigzag Salamander). Reproduction		Herpetological Review			29	1	38-39		Dept. of Biol., Middle Tennessee State Univ., Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA	
Journal Article	Miller, L. R.;Gutzke, W. H. N.	1998	Sodium brevital as an anesthetizing agent for crotalines		Herpetological Review			29	1	16	technique		
Journal Article	Miller, J.D.;Dobbs, K.A.;Limpus, C.J.;Mattocks, N.;Landry, A.M.	1998	Long distance migrations by the hawsbill turtle, Eretmochelys imbricata,  from north-eastern Australia.		Wildlife Research			25		89-95	migration		
Journal Article	Miller, J.D.;Dobbs, K. A.;Limpus, C. J.;Mattocks, N.;Landry, A.M. Jr.	1998	Long-distance migrations by the hawksbill turtle, Eretmochelys imbricata, from north-eastern Australia		Wildlife Research			25		89-95	hawksbill; Migration		
Journal Article	Miller, Brian T.;Miller, Joyce L.	1998 (1999)	Gill structure in embryonic and hatchling zig-zag salamanders, Plethodon dorsalis		Herpetological Natural History			6	1	51-54		bmiller@acad1.mtsu.edu	
Journal Article	Milton, S. J.;Dean, W. R. J.	1998	Fisk's house snake (Lamprophis fiskii Boulenger) from the Prince Albert area: A correction		African Herp News				27	12-13		Percy FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa	
Journal Article	Minton, Sherman A.;Cisneros, Jaime Malo;de Cervantes, Brooks M.	1998	Conopsis nasus (Largenose Earth Snake). Reproduction		Herpetological Review			29	3	170		4840 East 77th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46250, USA	
Book Section	Minton, Sherman A.	1998	Observations on Indiana amphibian populations: a forty-five-year overview	Lannoo, M. J.	Status & Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians	Iowa City	University of Iowa Press			217-220			
Journal Article	Miquet, André	1998	Pond turtle reintroduction in Lake Bourget (Savoie, France)		Mertensiella			10		298		Conservatoire du Patrimoine Naturel de la Savoie, F-73372 Le Bourget du Lac, France	
Journal Article	Miranda, Leandro A.;Somoza, Gustavo M.;Affanni, Jorge M.	1998	Immunocytochemical study of pituitary FSHß and LHß cells during the ontogeny of the toad Bufo arenarum		Amphibia-Reptilia			19	2	153-161		Instituto de Neurociencia (INEUCI-CONICET), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, piso 4°, Ciudad Universitaria, (1428) Buenos Aires, Argentina	
Journal Article	Mirtschin, Peter	1998	Toxicity and relative toxicity in snake venoms		Monitor			10	1	10-12		venomsup@dove.net.au	
Journal Article	Misyura, Andrew N.;Gasso, Victor Y.;Ruzina, Elena N.	1998 (1999)	Possible usage of physiological and biochemical parameters of herpetofauna for bioindicative mapping of a polluted region		Advances in Amphibian Research in the Former Soviet Union			3		215-220		Research Institute for Biology, Dnepropetrovsk State University, 13 Nauchny lane, Dnepropetrocsk 320050, Ukraine	
Journal Article	Mitchell, Joseph C.;Iverson, John B.	1998	Professional herpetological societies and graduate education		Herpetologica			54	Suppl.	S75-S82		Dept. of Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA	
Journal Article	Mitchell, Joseph C.	1998	Book review: A Field Guide to the Life and Times of Roger Conant		Herpetological Review			29	3	185-186		jmitchel@richmond.edu	
Journal Article	Mitchell, M.A.;Tully, T.N.	1998	Captive propagation of the green iguana, Iguana iguana, in Costa del Sol, el Salvador.		ARAV 5th Ann. Conf. Sept 26-29					139-140.	Reptilia, sauria, Green iguana, propagation		
Journal Article	Mitrus, Slawomir;Zemanek, Maria	1998	Reproduction of Emys orbicularis (L.) in Central Poland		Mertensiella			10		187-191		Olkuskich 3A/36, PL 32300 Olkusz, Poland	
Journal Article	Mobjerg, N.;Larsen, E.H.;Jespersen, A.	1998	Morphology of the nephron in the mesonephros of Bufo bufo (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae)		Acta Zoologica			79	1	31-50	Amphibia, anura, Bufo bufo, anatomy, histology, kidne, nephron	The present study deals with the morphology and ultrastructure of the nephron in the mesonephros of the toad, Bufo bufo (Linnaeus, 1758). Based on serial sections in paraffin, Araldite and Epon, the position of the different segments of the nephron within the kidney tissue was determined, and a nephron subsequently reconstructed. The nephron consists of the following parts: Malpighian corpuscle, neck segment, proximal tubule, intermediate segment, early distal tubule, late distal tubule and collecting tubule. The late distal tubule was subdivided into three morphologically different sections. The total number of nephrons in the toad mesonephros was estimated at 6000 units. The length of the segments in the reconstructed nephron was calculated. The cytology of the epithelial cells constituting the segments was described using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Heterocellularity was found in the late distal tubule section I and III and in the collecting tubule. The proportional distribution and number of intercalated (mitochondria-rich) cells in the late distal tubule and collecting tubule was calculated. Only one morphological type of intercalated cell could be distinguished. Late distal tubules were removed from fresh Bufo kidneys for preliminary studies of the intercalated cells with Nomarski optics. (C) 1997 The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. A Jespersen Dept Cell Biol & Anat Univ Parken 15 DK-2100 Copenhagen 0, Denmark	
Journal Article	Modry, D.;Koudela, B.;Al-Oran, R.M.;Amr, Z.S.;Dolezel, D.	1998	Isospora ptyodactyli n.sp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae), a new coccidian parasite of the fan-footed gecko Ptyodactylus puiseuxi Boutan, 1893 (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) from Jordan		Systematic parasitology			39		45-48	Reptilia, sauria, fan-footed gecko Ptyodactylus puiseuxi, infection, protozoa, apicomplexa, Isospora ptyodactyli n.sp.		
Journal Article	Modry, D.;Koudela, B.;Slapeta, J.	1998	Isospora abdallahi sp. n. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae), a new coccidium from the lacertid lizard Acanthodactylus boskianus (Sauria: Lacertidae) from Northern Egypt		Folia Parasitologica			45	1	14-16	Reptilia, sauria, sauria, Lacertidae, Acanthodactylus boskianus, infection, protozoa, Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae, Isospora abdallahi sp. n.	Seven of 12 lacertid lizards Acanthoductylus boskianus (Daudin, 1802), passed oocysts of an Isospora species. Comparison with other species of the genus Isospora Schneider, 1881 indicated that found coccidium represented a new species, for which the name I. abdallahi is proposed. Sporulated oocysts of I. abdallahi are spherical or subspherical, 25.8 (24.5-29.0) x 23.9 (23.0-25.5) mu m, shape index (length, width) being 1.07 (1.00-1.16), with a smooth, bilayered oocyst wall that is slightly yellowish, about 2 mu m thick. Micropyle, oocyst residuum and polar granule are absent. Sporocysts are ovoidal, 15.4 (14.0-16.0 x 9.4 (9.0-10.0) mu m, with smooth and colorless sporacyst wall, shape index 1.6 (1.5-1.8). Stieda body is dome-like, substieda body spherical to subspherical. Sporocyst residuum is composed of numerous granules of different size, scattered among sporozoites. Most oocysts are passed unsporulated; sporulation was completed within 12 h at 25 degrees C. Endogenous development occurs inside nuclei of enterocytes in the small intestine. D Modry, Univ Vet & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Parasitol, Palackeho 1-3, Brno 61242, Czech Republic	
Journal Article	Modry, David;Koudela, Bretislav;Al-Oran, Ratib M.;Amr, Zuhair;Dolezel, David	1998	Isospora ptyodactyli n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae), a new coccidian parasite of the fan-footed gecko Ptyodactylus puiseuxi Boutan, 1893 (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) from Jordan		Systematic Parasitology			39		45-48			
Journal Article	Modry, D.;Koudela, B.	1998	Coccidia of genus Caryospora (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the long nosed vine snake, Ahaetulla nasuta (Serpentes: Colubridae: Boiginae) from southern India, with a description of C-veselyi sp. n.		Folia Parasitologica			45	2	167-169	Reptilia, serpentes, Ahaetulla nasuta, infection, Apicomplexa, Eimeriidae, Caryospora ahaetullae, Caryospora veselyi sp. n.	Faecal examination of the long nosed vine snake Ahaetulla nasuta Lacepede, 1789 revealed two species of caryosporan coccidia. The morphology of one species fits well with a description of Caryospora ahaetullae Modry et Koudela, 1994, the second is a previously undescribed species. Oocysts of Caryospora veselyi sp. n. were spherical, 18.9 (16.5-21.5) mu m in diameter, with pitted and brownish oocyst wall about 1.5 mu m thick. An irregular polar granule about 2.0 x 1.0 mu m was observed in 35% of the oocysts examined. Sporocysts were octozoic, ovoidal to ellipsoidal, 13.7 (13.0-15.5) x 10.3 (9.0-11.0) mu m with a shape index 1.3 (1.2-1.4). Stieda and substieda bodies were present. Sporocyst residuum was present as small granules of irregular size scattered among sporozoites. Both species sporulated within 72 hours. The infected snake did not show clinical signs of disease. D Modry, Univ Vet & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Parasitol, Palackeho 1-3, Brno 61242, Czech Republic	
Journal Article	Modry, D.;Koudela, B.	1998	Coccidia of genus Caryospora (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the long nosed vine snake, Ahaetulla nasuta (Serpentes: Colubridae: Boiginae) from southern India, with a description of C. veselyi sp. n.		Folia Parasitologica			45	2	167-169	Reptilia, serpentes, Ahaetulla nasuta, infection, Apicomplexa, Eimeriidae, Caryospora ahaetullae, Caryospora veselyi sp. n.	Faecal examination of the long nosed vine snake Ahaetulla nasuta Lacepede, 1789 revealed two species of caryosporan coccidia. The morphology of one species fits well with a description of Caryospora ahaetullae Modry et Koudela, 1994, the second is a previously undescribed species. Oocysts of Caryospora veselyi sp. n. were spherical, 18.9 (16.5-21.5) mu m in diameter, with pitted and brownish oocyst wall about 1.5 mu m thick. An irregular polar granule about 2.0 x 1.0 mu m was observed in 35% of the oocysts examined. Sporocysts were octozoic, ovoidal to ellipsoidal, 13.7 (13.0-15.5) x 10.3 (9.0-11.0) mu m with a shape index 1.3 (1.2-1.4). Stieda and substieda bodies were present. Sporocyst residuum was present as small granules of irregular size scattered among sporozoites. Both species sporulated within 72 hours. The infected snake did not show clinical signs of disease. D Modry, Univ Vet & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Parasitol, Palackeho 1-3, Brno 61242, Czech Republic	
Journal Article	Molur, Sanjay;Walker, Sally	1998	Conservation assessment of the herpetofauna of India- An overview		Hamadryad			23	2	169-178		herpinvert@vsnl.com	
Journal Article	Montanelli, Silvana;Alvarez, Blanca Beatriz	1998	Geographic distribution. Tantilla melanocephala		Herpetological Review			29	3	179			
Journal Article	Montani, Ryosuke	1998	First complete forefin of the ichthyosaur Grippia longirostris from the Triassic of Spitsbergen		Palaeontology			41	4	591-599			
Journal Article	Montani, Ryosuke;You, Hailu	1998	Taxonomy and limb ontogeny of Chaohusaurus geishanensis (Ichthyosauria), with a note on the allometric equation		Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology			18	3	533-540			
Journal Article	Montani, Ryosuke;Minoura, Nachio;Ando, Tatsuro	1998	Ichthyosaurian relationships illuminated by new primitive skeletons from Japan		Nature			393		255-257			
Journal Article	Monteiro, Leandro R.	1998 (1999)	Ontogenetic changes in the skull of Corallus caninus (L., 1758) and Corallus enydris (L., 1758) (Serpentes: Boidae), an allometric study		The Snake			28	1-2	51-58		Depto. de Zoologia, UNESP-Rio Claro, CP 199, CEP 13506-900, Sp. Brazil	
Journal Article	Montgomery, Chad;Sifert, James;Hill, Ben;Childers, Theresa;Manzer, Jerry D.;Bergman, Enoch;Mackessy, Stephen P.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Scaphiopus couchii		Herpetological Review			29	2	108			
Journal Article	Montgomery, Chad;Childers, Theresa;Manzer, Jerry D.;Bergman, Enoch;Sifert, James;Hill, Ben;Mackessy, Stephen P.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Phrynosoma cornutum		Herpetological Review			29	2	110			
Journal Article	Montgomery, Chad;Compton, Leeann;Childers, Theresa;Bergman, Enoch;Manzer, Jerry D.;Sifert, James;Hill, Ben;Mackessy, Stephen P.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Elaphe guttata emoryi		Herpetological Review			29	2	112			
Journal Article	Montgomery, Chad;Childers, Theresa;Manzer, Jerry D.;Bergman, Enoch;Sifert, James;Hill, Ben;Mackessy, Stephen P.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Elaphe obsoleta lindheimerii		Herpetological Review			29	2	112			
Journal Article	Montgomery, Chad;Childers, Theresa;Bergman, Enoch;Manzer, Jerry D.;Sifert, James;Hill, Ben;Mackessy, Stephen P.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Lampropeltis triangulum gentilis		Herpetological Review			29	2	114			
Journal Article	Montgomery, Chad;Childers, Theresa;Bergman, Enoch;Manzer, Jerry D.;Sifert, James;Hill, Ben;Mackessy, Stephen P.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Rhinocheilus lecontei tessellatus		Herpetological Review			29	2	116			
Journal Article	Montgomery, Chad;Childers, Theresa;Bergman, Enoch;Manzer, Jerry D.;Sifert, James;Hill, Ben;Mackessy, Stephen P.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Sistrurus catenatus edwardsii		Herpetological Review			29	2	116			
Journal Article	Moore, Michael K.;Faragher, Sarah Grimké	1998	Tadpole jello: A technique for monitoring food consumption and manipulating the chemical composition of larval foodstuffs		Herpetological Review			29	1	18-19		moore_mk@mercer.edu	
Journal Article	Moore, M. K.;V. R. Townsend, Jr. 	1998	The interaction of temperature, dissolved oxygen and predation pressure in an aquatic predator-prey system. 		Oikos			81		329-336			
Journal Article	Moore, M. K.;V. R. Townsend, Jr.	1998	The interaction of temperature, dissolved oxgyen and predation pressure in an aquatic predator-prey system		Oikos			81		329-336			
Journal Article	Moore, M. K.;Faragher., S. G.	1998	Tadpole jello: a technique for monitoring food consumption and manipulating the chemical composition of larval foodstuffs		Herpetological Review			29		18-19			
Journal Article	Morales, Victor;Velazco, Paul M.	1998	Una especie nueva de Epipedobates (Amphibia, Anura, Dendrobatidae) de Perú		Amphibia-Reptilia			19	4	369-376		vmorales@wfscgate.tamu.edu	
Journal Article	Moravec, Jirí;Országh, Ivan	1998	Testudo graeca terrestris als Wirt von Leptoconops irritans (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) [Testudo graeca terrestris as a host of Leptoconops irritans (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)]		Salamandra			34	2	181-182		Zoologische Abteilung, Nationalmuseum, CZ-115 79 Praha 1, Czech Republic	
Journal Article	Moravec, F.;Vargaz-Vázquez, J.	1998	Some endohelminths from the freshwater turtle Trachemys scripta elegans  from Yucatan, Mexico		Journal of Natural History			32		455-468	Reptilia, testudines, Trachemys s. elegans, infection, helminth, Trematode, Nematode, copepoda,		
Journal Article	Moravec, F.;Spratt, D.M.	1998	Crocodylocapillaria longiovata n. gen., n. sp. (Nematoda: Capillariidae) from the stomach of crocodiles in Australia and New Guinea		Journal of Parasitology			84	2	426-430	Reptilia, sauria, crocodylia, infection, helminth, nematode, Capillariidae, Crocodylocapillaria longiovata n. gen., n. sp.	A new nematode, Crocodylocapillaria longiovata n. gen. and n. sp., is described from the stomach of wild and farmed young crocodiles, Crocodylus johnstoni Krefft, and Crocodylus porosus Schneider, from northern Australia and Papua New Guinea: it is undoubtedly identical with the nematodes previously reported as Capillaria sp. from Crocodylus novaequineae Schmidt from Irian Jaya, Indonesia. This capillariid species represents a new genus, being characterized mainly by presence of elongate eggs with unusually long protruding polar plugs, a well developed vulvar appendage, a weakly sclerotized spicule, proximal and distal parts of the spicular sheath with spines, and the male posterior end with 2 large lateral candal lobes and a pair of papillae near the cloacal opening. The body length of C. longiovata males and females is 5,576-7,208 mu m and 8,609-14,008 mu m, respectively, the spicule is 276-369 mu m long; the size of the egg proper is 48-60 x 15-21 mu m, length of polar plugs 15-18 mu m. Neocapillaria Yi and Guitang, 1994, a junior homonym of Neocapillaria Moravec, 1987, is a re-named Sinocapillaria nom. n. and placed as a synonym of Pseudocapillaria Freitas, 1959. Indocapillaria De and Maity, 1995 is retained as a subgenus of Pseudocapillaria because of the possession of a vulvar appendage in the type species. Neocapillaria Moravec, 1987 remains a subgems of Capillaria Zeder, 1800. A key to genera of the Capillariidae from poikilotherm vertabrates is provided: C. longiovata is the first capillariid species described from the digestive tract of crocodiles. F Moravec, Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Parasitol, Branisovska 31, CR-37005 Ceske Budejovice,, Czech Republic	
Journal Article	Moravec, F.;Vargas-Vázquez, J.	1998	Some endohelminths from the freshwater turtle Trachemys scripta from Yucatan, Mexico		Journal of Natural History			32		455-468			
Journal Article	Moravec, F.;Skorikova, B.	1998	Amphibians and larvae of aquatic insects as new paratenic hosts of Anguillicola crassus (Nematoda : Dracunculoidea), a swimbladder parasite of eels		Diseases of Aquatic Organisms			34	3	217-222	Amphibiam anura, urodela, Bombina bombina, Triturus vulgaris, insecta, Sialis lutaria, Coenagrion puella, Sympetrum sanguineum, Oligotrichia striati, infection, helminth, nematode, Anguillicola crassus	Amphibians (tadpoles of the frog Bombina bombina [L.] and the newt Triturus vulgaris [L.]) and aquatic insects (larvae of the alderfly Sialis lutaria [L.] [Megaloptera], dragonflies Sympetrum sanguineum [Muller] and Coenagrion puella [L.] [Odonata], and the caddisfly Oligotrichia striati [L.] [Trichoptera]) were found to serve as paratenic hosts for the third-stage larvae (L-3) Of the nematode Anguillicola crassus Kuwahara, Niimi et Itagaki, 1974, a pathogenic swimbladder parasite of the eel Anguilla anguilla (L.) in Europe and elsewhere. This is the first evidence that, in addition to prey fishes and some aquatic snails, amphibians and aquatic insects can serve as paratenic hosts for this nematode parasite. A. crassus third-stage larvae were found, largely unencapsulated (encapsulated only in S. lutaria), mostly in the body cavity, on the gut surface and, less often, in the liver and in the subcutaneous tissue of legs in amphibians, and in the body cavity and on the gut surface in insect larvae; they could survive for at least 49 d in T. vulgaris and 69 d in S, lutaria. The capability of these larvae from S. lutaria (69 d post-infection) to infect the definitive host (eel) was confirmed by experimental infection of an eel.  F Moravec, Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Parasitol, Branisovska 31, CR-37005 Ceske Budejovice, CZECH REPUBLIC	
Journal Article	Mori, Akira	1998	Prey-handling behavior of three species of homalopsine snakes: Features associated with piscivory and Duvernoy's glands		Journal of Herpetology			32	1	40-50		gappa@zoo.zool.kyoto-u.ac.jp	
Journal Article	Mori, S.A.;Gracie, C.A.;Mitchell, J.D.	1998	Écotourisme et protection du patrimonie naturel dans le centre de la Guyane française		JATBA, Rev. d'Ethnobiol.			40	1/2	299-310	tourism; conservation		
Journal Article	Moriarty, John J.;Forbes, Andrew;Jones, Delvin	1998	Geographic distribution. Acris crepitans blanchardi		Herpetological Review			29	3	172			
Journal Article	Moriarty, John J.	1998	Book review: Sampling Amphibians in Lentic Habitats		Herpetological Review			29	3	190		frogs@tc.umn.edu	
Journal Article	Moriarty, john J.	1998	Geographic distribution. Pituophis catenifer sayi		Herpetological Review			29	3	178			
Journal Article	Moriarty, John J.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Pituophis catenifer sayi		Herpetological Review			29	2	115			
Journal Article	Moriarty, John J.	1998	Book review: Amphibians and Reptiles of the Great Lakes Region		Herpetological Review			29	4	255-256		frogs@tc.umn.edu	
Book Section	Moriarty, John J.	1998	Status of Amphibians in Minnesota	Lannoo, M. J.	Status & Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians	Iowa City	University of Iowa Press			166-168			
Journal Article	Moro, Silvia;Abdala, Virginia	1998	Cranial mycology of some species of Liolaemus and Phymaturus (Squamata: Tropiduridae: Liolaemunae)		Amphibia-Reptilia			19	2	171-192		CONICET - Instituto de Herpetología, Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, (4000) Tucumán, Argentina	
Journal Article	Morris, Patrick J.;Henderson, Charles	1998	Gender determination in mature gila monsters, Heloderma suspectum, and Mexican beaded lizard, Heloderma horridum, by ultrasound imaging of the ventral tail		Bulletin of the Association of Reptilian Amphibian Veterinarians			8	4	4-5			
Journal Article	Mosier, Dan;Collins, Joseph T.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Storeria occipitomaculata		Herpetological Review			29	2	116			
Book Section	Mossman, Michael J.;Hartman, Lisa M.;Hay, Robert;Sauer, John R.;Dhuey, Brian J.	1998	Monitoring long-term trends in Wisconsin frog and toad populations	Lannoo, M. J.	Status & Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians	Iowa City	University of Iowa Press			169-198			
Journal Article	Moulis, Robert A.;Williamson, Gerald K.	1998	Farancia erythrogramma erythrogramma (Rainbow Snake). Eggs		Herpetological Review			29	1	44		Savannah-Ogeechee Canal Museum & Nature Center, 681 Fort Argyle Road, Savannah, GA 31419-9239, USA	
Journal Article	Moulis, Robert A.;Williamson, Gerald K.	1998	Eumeces laticeps (Broadhead Skink). Natural nests		Herpetological Review			29	2	100		Savannah-Ogeechee Canal Museum & Nature Center, 681 Fort Argyle Road, Savannah, GA 31419-9239, USA	
Journal Article	Mölle, Jochen;Kupfer, Alexander	1998	Amphibienfang mit der Auftauchfalle: Methodik und Evaluierung im Freiland [Amphibian sampling by the surfacing trap: methodology and a field evaluation]		Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie			5		219-227		Institut für Evolutionsbiology und Ökologie, An der Immenburg 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany	
Journal Article	Møbjerg, Nadja;Larsen, Erik Hviid;Jespersen, Åse	1998	Morphology of the nephron in the mesonephros of Bufo bufo (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae)		Acta Zoologica (Stockholm)			79	1	31-50			
Journal Article	Møller, Frederik	1998	Hold og opdræt af colombiansk regnbueboa, Epicrates cencria maurus		Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening			41	6	144-146		Apotekervej 8, 9230 Svenstrup, Denmark	
Journal Article	Muchlinski, A.E.;Estany, A.;Salguero, H.S.;Tan, G.J.;Dea, P.;Fisher, D.L.	1998	The acute phase response in the Sudan plated lizard, Gerrhosaurus major		Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A - Molecular and Integrative Physiology			120	2	339-344	Reptilia, sauria, Sudan plated lizard, Gerrhosaurus major, physiology, acuta phase, fever, lizards, plasma iron, plasma zinc	The Sudan plated lizard (Gerrhosaurus major), previously reported to be an afebrile species, was utilized in a series of experiments to test for various aspects of the acute phase response. Treatment. of individuals with the antibiotic Baytril resulted in a slight (0.5 degrees C) but significant reduction in mean selected body temperature (MSBT), while treatment with saline did not lower MSBT. Nonantibiotic treatment individuals had depressed plasma iron levels (06.6 +, - 22.4 mu g Fe 100 ml(-1) plasma) and treatment with Baytril produced a significant increase in plasma iron concentration (186.8 +, - 19.5 mu g Fe 100 ml(-1) plasma). Necropsy of randomly selected individuals indicated that animals obtained from the commercial supplier had Aeromonas, Arthrobacter, Pseudomonas and Salmonella infections and antibiotic treatment eliminated these infections. The growth rate of Aeromonas sobria is reduced when the bacteria are grown at 32 degrees C and reduced iron concentration compared to 34.5 degrees C and low iron concentration, which suggests that a fever response may not be beneficial in reducing bacterial growth. Saline injected, bacteria injected and antibiotic injected Gerrhosaurus major have high plasma zinc concentrations compared to the previously studied febrile species, Dipsosaurus dorsalis. This difference suggests that zinc concentrations in afebrile species deserve further study. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. AE Muchlinski, Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Biol & Microbiol, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA	
Journal Article	Mueller, James M.;Sharp, Kamila R.;Zander, Katherine K.;Rakestraw, Danny L.;Rautenstrauch, Kurt R.;Lederle, Paterick E.	1998	Size-specific fecundity of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii)		Journal of Herpetology			32	3	313-319		Dept. of Range, Wildlife, and Fisheries Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA	
Journal Article	Mueller, James M.	1998	Geographic distribution. Rana areolata areolata		Herpetological Review			29	4	247			
Journal Article	Munns, S. L.;Frappell, P. B.;Evans, B. K.	1998	The effects of environmental termperature, hypoxia, and hypercapnia on the breathing pattern of saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus)		Physiological Zoology			71	3	267-273			
Journal Article	Muro, J.;Ramis, A.;Pastor, J.;Velarde, R.;Tarres, J.;Lavin, S.	1998	Chronic rhinitis associated with herpesviral infection in captive spur-thighed tortoises from Spain		Journal of Wildlife Diseases			34	3	487-495	Reptilia, testudines, spur-thighed tortoise, Testudo graeca graeca, infection, virus, herpes, chronic rhinitis, epidemic	An epidemic of chronic rhinitis in a population of 50 captive spur-thighed tortoises (Testudo graeca graeca) from Palafrugell (Girona, Spain) is described, in which eight animals died and 12 were euthanatized to perform necropsies and post-mortem studies. The main clinical sign was a bilateral, seromucous rhinitis often accompanied by stomatitis and glossitis. Hematology and serum biochemistry were performed in 33 of the 50 ill animals and in 29 healthy tortoises from three disease-free populations. Lymphocyte count, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, and alpha-globulin levels were significantly higher in the animals from the sick population. The heterophil count was significantly lower in the sick animals. Some of the diseased tortoises also showed a normocytic-normochromic anemia. Lesions were restricted to the respiratory system and oral cavity. Marked epithelial hyperplasia and presence of a severe mixed inflammatory infiltrate in the epithelium of the oral, nasal, and tracheal mucosae were observed. Electron microscopy demonstrated the presence of intracytoplasmic and intranuclear viral particles of the size, shape, and distribution pattern typical of a herpesvirus. S Lavin, Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Sch Vet Med, Dept Anim Pathol & Anim Sci, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain. Reprint Endnote 99/27	
Journal Article	Muro, J.;Cuenca, R.;Pastor, J.;Vinas, L.;Lavin, S.	1998	Effects of lithium heparin and tripotassium EDTA on hematologic values of Hermann's tortoises (Testudo hermanni)		Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine			29	1	40-44	Reptilia, testudines, Testudo hermanni, blood, hematology values, lithium heparin, tripotassium EDTA,	In an effort to define the effect(s) of lithium heparin and tripotassium EDTA on various hematologic parameters in Testudo hermanni, we collected blood samples from 29 clinically healthy adult individuals of both sexes. Portions of each blood sample were transferred to tubes containing either lithium heparin or tripotassium EDTA. The following determinations were made on samples of blood from each anticoagulant: red and white cell counts, packed cell volume, hemoglobin concentration, red cell indices, and differential white cell counts. Due to hemolysis, hematocrits could not be determined from blood samples in EDTA. Further, red blood cell counts were lower in the EDTA samples than in the heparin samples, again due to hemolysis associated with EDTA. However, EDTA did not appear to interfere with hemoglobin determinations. Heparin blood samples provided more optimal blood smears than did EDTA samples, thus differential leucocyte counts were determined only from smears taken from heparin blood samples. Further, thrombocyte and leucocyte aggregation was not observed with heparin use. Thus, heparin is considered the anticoagulant of choice in chelonians for determining red blood cell counts, erythrocyte indices, and hematocrits. When May-Grunwald-Giemsa stain was compared with Diff-Quick, thrombocytes could be more easily differentiated from lymphocytes using the May-Grunwald-Giemsa stain. Heterophil granules seemed to coalese more when Diff-Quick was used. Eosinophils, basophils, and monocytes were similar in appearance with both staining methods. J Muro, Vet Clin Vet Prat Creu, Andorra, Spain	
Journal Article	Murphy, James B.	1998	How a weird Ohio schoolboy done good: Kraig Adler, this is your life!		Fauna			1	3	66-73			
Journal Article	Murphy, James B.;Card, Winston	1998	A glimpse into the life of a zoo herpetologist		Herpetological Review			29	2	85-90		NZPDOH02@sivm.si.edu	
Journal Article	Murphy, Michael J.	1998	First record of the scincid lizard Ctenotus arcanus from New South Wales		Herpetofauna			28	1	22-24		NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service, Northern Zone Office, P.O. Box 914, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia	
Journal Article	Murphy, Michael J.;Daly, Garry	1998	Survey of the reptiles and amphibians of the escarpment and riverine forests north west of Nowra, NSW		Herpetofauna			28	2	16-21		144 Beryl Street, Coffs harbor, NSW 2450, Australia	
Journal Article	Murphy, John C.;Chan-Ard, Tanya;Karns, Daryl R.;Sandrick, Karen M.;Voris, Harold K.	1998	The watersnakes of Lake Songkhla		Tigerpaper			25	4	1-4			
Journal Article	Murray, Brad R.;Fonseca, Carlos R.;Westoby, Mark	1998	The macroecology of Australian frogs		Journal of Animal Ecology			67		567-579	abundance, body size, comparative method, frogs, geographical range		
Journal Article	Mushinsky, Henry R.;Jaeger, Robert G.	1998	Points of view on contemporary education in herpetology		Herpetologica			54	Suppl.	S1-S2		Dept. of Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA	
Journal Article	Mutz, Thomas	1998	Haltung und Zucht des Sardischen Höhlensalamanders Hydromantes imperialis (Stefani, 1969) und einige Beobachtungen zur Ökologie der europäischen Höhlensalamander [Husbandry and breeding of the Sardinian cave salamander Hydromantes imperialis (Stefani, 1969) and some observations to the ecology of the European cave salamanders]		Salamandra			34	2	167-180		Merschkamp 17, D-48155 Münster, Germany	
Journal Article	Müller, Hans D.	1998	Die australische Agame Tympanocryptis tetraporophora im Terrarium		Elaphe			6	4	2-6		Weimarstraße 21 D-71672 Marbach, Germany	
Journal Article	Münch, Detlef	1998	Amphibienschutzanlagen an Straßen: Mehr Schaden als Nutzen? Fallbeispiel Charlottenberg in Essen-Burgaltendorf		Elaphe			6	1	92-99		Menglinghauser Str. 99 a, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany	
Journal Article	Münch, Detlef	1998	Zunehmende Gefährdung von Amphibien durch Eutrophierung		Elaphe			6	4	34-35			
Journal Article	Nagai, T.;Delay, R. J.;Welton, J.;Roper, S. D.	1998	Uptake and release of neurotransmitter candidates, [3H]serotonin, [3H]glutamate, and [3H]gamma-aminobutyric acid, in taste buds of the mudpuppy, Necturus maculosus		J Comp Neurol			392	2	199-208	Animal; Autoradiography; Biological Transport; Epithelial Cells/metabolism; Glutamic Acid/*metabolism; GABA/*metabolism; Necturus; Serotonin/*metabolism; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Taste Buds/cytology/*metabolism; Tongue/cytology/metabolism; Tritium	Neurotransmitters in vertebrate taste buds have not yet been identified with confidence. Serotonin, glutamate, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) have been postulated, but the evidence is incomplete. We undertook an autoradiographic study of [3H]serotonin, [3H]glutamate, and [3H]GABA uptake in lingual epithelium from the amphibian, Necturus maculosus, to determine whether taste bud cells would accumulate and release these substances. Lingual epithelium containing taste buds was incubated in low concentrations (0.4-6 microM) of these tritiated transmitter candidates and the tissue was processed for light microscopic autoradiography. Merkel-like basal taste cells accumulated [3H]serotonin. When the tissue was treated with 40 mM K+ after incubating the tissue in [3H]serotonin, cells released the radiolabelled transmitter. Furthermore, depolarization (KCl)-induced release of [3H]serotonin was Ca-dependent: if Ca2+ was reduced to 0.4 mM and 20 mM Mg2+ added to the high K+ bathing solution, Merkel-like basal cells did not release [3H]serotonin. In contrast, [3H]glutamate was taken up by several cell types, including non-sensory epithelial cells, Schwann cells, and some taste bud cells. [3H]glutamate was not released by depolarizing the tissue with 40 mM K+. [3H]GABA uptake was also widespread, but did not occur in taste bud cells. [3H]GABA accumulated in non-sensory epithelial cells and Schwann cells. These data support the hypothesis that serotonin is a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator released by Merkel-like basal cells in Necturus taste buds. The data do not support (nor rule out) a neurotransmitter role for glutamate or GABA in taste buds.	
Journal Article	Nagy, Kenneth A.;Henen, Brian T.;Vyas, Devesh B.	1998	Nutritional quality of native and introduced food plants of wild desert tortoises		Journal of Herpetology			32	2	260-267		Department of Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA	
Journal Article	Nakamura, M.;Tokeshi, Y.;Kinjoh, K.;Sunagawa, M.;Hanashiro, K.;Ueda, T.;Inoue, F.;Kosugi, T.	1998 (1999)	Kinetics of envenomation following Trimeresurus flavoviridis venom administration in rabbits		The Snake			28	1-2	5-10		Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, university of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-01, Japan	
Journal Article	Nareshwar, E. K.	1998	Friends of the charmer		Cobra			32		7-10		Sundarvan Nature Discovery Centre, Jodhpur Tekra, S. M. Road, Ahmedabad 380015, India	
Journal Article	Nareshwar, E. K.	1998	Evaluation of sea turtle nesting beaches for promoting participatory conservation at Sundervan Beyt Dwarka, India		Hamadryad			22	2	121-122		Sundervan Nature Discovery Centre, S. M. Road, Jodhpur Tekra, Ahmedabad 380 015, Gujarat, India	
Journal Article	Narins, Peter M.;Feng, Albert S.;Yong, Hoi-Sen;Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jakob	1998	Morphological, behavioral, and genetic divergence of sympatric morphotypes of the treefrog Polypedates leucomystax in Peninsular Malaysia		Herpetologica			54	2	129-142		Dept. of Physiological Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA	
Journal Article	Naro-Maciel, E.	1998	The Inter-American Convention for the Protection and Conservation of Sea Turtles: an historical overview		Journal of International Wildlife Law and Policy			1		169-178	conservation		
Journal Article	Natesh, D. B.;Ray, Pranjalendu	1998	On a collection of amphibians from Hassan District, Karnataka		Cobra			31		6-12		Regional Museum of Natural History, Sidharthanagar, Mysore, India	
Journal Article	Neal, J.C.;Montague, W. G.;Richardson, D. M.;Withgott, J. H.	1998	Exclusion of rat snakes from red-cockaded woodpecker cavities		Wildlife Society Bulletin			26	4	851-854	Reptilia, serpentes, rat snake, Elaphe obsoleta, predation, red-cockaded woodpecker, Picoides borealis, predation, snake excluder device	Snake excluder devices (SNEDs) were installed on occupied roost and nest trees of red-cockaded woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) from 1993 through 1995 in the Ouachita National Forest in Arkansas and at Noxubee National Wildlife Refuge in Mississippi. The SNEDs consisted of a strip of smooth aluminum flashing wrapped around a tree bole; flashing widths varied from 51 cm to 91.4 cm. Eighteen overclimbs by snakes occurred on 107 SNEDs <91.4 cm wide; only 1 overclimb occurred on 92 SNEDs 91.4 cm wide. Inexpensive, easy-to-install SNEDs of adequate width are effective (but not necessarily foolproof) in preventing snakes from climbing nest cavity trees (P = 0.01). These devices, which are nonlethal to snakes, may reduce brood losses of red-cockaded woodpeckers. JC Neal, US Forest Serv, Poteau Ranger Dist, USDA, POB 2255, Waldron, AR 72958 USA	
Journal Article	Nebeker, A. V.;Schuytema, G. S.;Griffis, W. L.;Cataldo, A.	1998	Impact of guthion on survival and growth of the frog Pseudacris regilla and the salamanders Ambystoma gracile and Ambystoma maculatum		Arch Environ Contam Toxicol			35	1	48-51	Ambystoma/*growth & development; Animal; Anura/*growth & development; Azinphosmethyl/*toxicity; Insecticides/toxicity; Larva/drug effects/growth & development; Survival; Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity	The effects of the insecticides Guthion (technical grade) and Guthion 2S (commercial formulation) on survival and growth of tadpoles of the Pacific treefrog Pseudacris regilla, and larvae of the Northwestern salamander Ambystoma gracile and the spotted salamander Ambystoma maculatum were determined in continuous-flow exposures in the laboratory. Ninety-six-hour LC50 values were >3.6 mg/L for P. regilla with technical grade Guthion and 1.47 mg/L with the formulation Guthion 2S (measured as active ingredient Guthion). Ten-day LOAEL and NOAEL values based on length and weight for P. regilla with Guthion were 3.60 and 0.98 mg/L. LOAEL and NOAEL values based on length and weight for P. regilla with Guthion 2S were 0.17 and 0.07 mg/L. The 96-h LC50 for Guthion 2S was 1.67 and 1.90 mg/L for A. gracile and A. maculatum, respectively. LOAEL and NOAEL values based on length and weight for A. gracile with Guthion 2S were 0.22 and 0.10 mg/L; they were 0.11 and 0.03 mg/L for A. maculatum based on weight. These species are as similar in sensitivity as some fish species but are more tolerant to Guthion than most invertebrates.	
Journal Article	Necas, Petr;Modry, David	1998	Bradypodion tavetanum (Steindachner)		Sauria			20	3 Supplement	431-434		Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary nd Pharaceutical Sciences, Palackého 1-3, CZ-612 42 Brno, Czech Republic	
Journal Article	Neças, Petr;Modry, David	1998	Remarks on the biology, keeping and breeding of the African egg-eating snake Dasypeltis atra		Reptilia (GB)				4	22-27			
Journal Article	Neiffer, Donald L.;Marks, Steven K.;Klein, Edwin C.;Brady, Nancy J.	1998	Shell lesion management in two loggerhead sea turtles, Caretta caretta, with employment of PC-7 epoxy paste		Bulletin of the Association of Reptilian Amphibian Veterinarians			8	4	12-17			
Journal Article	Nelson, Esther I.;Painter, Charles W.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Masticophis flagellum		Herpetological Review			29	2	114			
Book	Neronov, V. V.;et al.	1998	[Vertebrates of the Chernya Zemli Nature Reserve (Kalmykia)]			Moscow				42			
Journal Article	Newman, R. A. 	1998	Ecological constraints on amphibian metamorphosis: interaction of temperature and larval density with responses to changing food level		Oecologia			115		9-16			
Journal Article	Nicholson, Kristen E.	1998	Geographic distribution. Enyalioides heterolepis		Herpetological Review			29	3	174			
Journal Article	Nicol, Ellen	1998	Four-eyed turtles Sacalis bealei and Sacalia quadriocellata		Reptiles			6	3	40-43			
Journal Article	Nijhuis, Michelle J.;Kaplan, Robert H.	1998	Movement patterns and life history characteristics in a population of the Cascade torrent salamander (Rhyacotriton cascadae) in the Columbia River Gorge, Oregon		Journal of Herpetology			32	2	301-304		Biology Department, Reed College, Portland, OR 97202, USA	
Journal Article	Nishimura, Masahiko	1998	Arrangement of oviductal eggs and intra-clutch egg shape modification in the Habu, Trimeresurus flavoviridis (Viperidae)		Herpetological Review			29	2	76-77		mnish@ii-okinawa.jp	
Journal Article	Nogales, M.;De León, L.;Gómez, R.	1998	On the presence of the endemic skink Chalcides simonyi Steind. 1891 in Lanzarote (Canary Islands)		Amphibia-Reptilia			19	4	427-430		Departamento de Biología Animal (Zoología), Universidad de La Laguna, 38206, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain	
Journal Article	Norman, Bradford R.;Schmidt, Gregory A.	1998	Geographic distribution. Plethodon elongatus		Herpetological Review			29	3	172			
Book	Norman, David	1998	Common Amphibians of Costa Rica. Anfibios comunes de Costa Rica			Heredia, Costa Rica	Privately published			96, 18 plates			
Journal Article	Norris, Jeffrey L.;Burtt, Edward H., Jr.	1998	Oxybelis fulgidus (Green Vine Snake or Bejucillo). Feeding		Herpetological Review			29	4	243			
Journal Article	Norton, Robert L.	1998	Comments on habitat and threats to populations of Puerto Rican crested toad (Peltophryne lemur) in the Virgin Islands		British Herpetological Society Bulletin				62	20-22		Sante Fe Community College, 3000 NW 83rd Street, Gainesville, FL 32609, USA	
Journal Article	Nouira, Saïd;Lescure, Jean	1998	Les noms scientifiques français des Amphibiens et Reptiles de Tunisie		Bull. Soc. Herp. Fr.				85-86	37-54			
Journal Article	Nouira, Saïd;Lescure, Jean	1998	Les noms scientifiques français des Amphibiens et Reptiles de Tunisie [French scientific names of amphibians and reptiles from Tunisia]		Bull. Soc. Herp. Fr.			85-86		37-54			
Journal Article	Nussbaum, Ronald A.;Raxworthy, Christopher J.	1998	New long-tailed Mabuya Fitzinger from Lokobe Reserve, Nosy Be, Madagascar (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae)		Copeia			1998	1	114-119		nuss@umich.edu	
Journal Article	Nussbaum, Ronald A.;Andreone, Franco;Raxworthy, Christopher J.	1998	New Rain-forest species of Pseudoxyrhopus Günther (Squamata: Colubridae) from Northern Madagascar		Copeia			1998	1	128-132		nuss@umich.edu	
Journal Article	Nussbaum, Ronald A.;Raxworthy, Christopher J.	1998	Revision of tyhe genus Ebenavia Boettger (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae)		Herpetologica			54	1	18-34		Div. Amphib. and Rept., Mus. of Zool., Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1079, USA	
Journal Article	Nussbaum, Ronald A.;Raxworthy, Christopher J.	1998	A new species of Mabuya Fitzinger (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae) from the High Plateau (Isalo National Park) of South-Central Madagascar		Herpetologica			54	3	336-343		CERC, Columbia University, 1200 Amsterdam Avenue, MC 5557 New York, NY 10027, USA	
Journal Article	Nussbaum, Ronald A.;Raxworthy, Christopher J.;Pronk, Olaf	1998	The ghost geckos of Madagascar: A further revision of the Malagasy leaf-toed geckos (Reptilia, Squamata, Gekkonidae)		Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan				186	1-26			
Journal Article	O'Brien, Christopher J.	1998	Regina alleni (Striped Crayfish Snake). Antipredator behavior		Herpetological Review			29	1	46-47		Florida Mus. of Nat. Hist., Univ. of Florida, gainesville, FL 32611-7800, USA	
Journal Article	O'Connell, Daniel J.;Formanowicz, Daniel R., Jr	1998	Differential handling of dangerous and non-dangerous prey by naive and experienced Texas Spotted Whiptail lizards, Cnemidophorus gularis		Journal of Herpetology			32	1	75-79		oconnell@exchange.uta.edu	
Journal Article	O'Steen, S.	1998	Embryonic temperature influences juvenile temperature choice and growth rate in snapping turtles Chelydra serpentina		Journal of Experimental Biology			201		439-449	tsd; snapper; temperature		
Journal Article	Oakwood, Meri;Miles, Gregory L.	1998	Predation of a marsupial carnivore by an olive python (Liasis olivaceus) and a king brown snake (Pseudechis australis)		Herpetofauna			28	1	19-21		Division of Botany and Zoology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia	
Journal Article	Oliveira, M. Ermelinda;Martins, Marcio	1998	Rhinobothryum lentiginosum (NCN). Diet		Herpetological Review			29	2	105		Dept. de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biol., Univ. de Amazonas, 69077-000 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil	
Journal Article	Oliver, Bradley	1998	Predation on a Pogona sp. by Pseudonaja textilis		Herpetofauna			28	1	54-55		3 Fifteenth Street, Gawler, SA 5118, Australia	
Journal Article	Oliver, Bradley	1998	Captive reproduction of the Amethystine python (Morelia amethistina)		Monitor			10	1	18-21		3 Fifteenth Street, Gawler, South Australia, 5118, Australia	
Journal Article	Olsen, Søren	1998	Herkulesbilen, Dynastes hercules lichyi Lachaume 1985, som terrariedyr		Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening			41	1	8-11			
Journal Article	Olson, Daniel J.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Pseuacris crucifer		Herpetological Review			29	2	107-108			
Journal Article	Olsson, Bengt	1998	Azurblå giftroda, Dendrobates azureus		Snoken			28	4	14-19		Fatburs brunnsgata 3, 118 28 Stockholm, Sweden	
Journal Article	Orlov, Nikolai L.;Darevsky, Ilya S.;Murphy, Robert W.	1998	A new species of mountain stream snake, genus Opisthotropis Gunther, 1872 (Serpentes: Colubridae: Natricinae), from the tropical rain forests of southern Vietnam		Russian Journal of Herpetology			5	1	61-64		nbanorus@glas.apc.org	
Journal Article	Orlova, Valentina F.;Mazanaeva, Lyudmila F.	1998 (1999)	Morphological and ecological data on southern crested newt (Triturus karelinii) from Daghestan		Advances in Amphibian Research in the Former Soviet Union			3		179-184		Zoological Museum, Moscow State University, Bolshaya Nikitskaya Ul. 6, Moscow 103009, Russia	
Journal Article	Oros, J.;Rodriguez, J. L.;Fernandez, A.;Herraez, P.;Delosmonteros, A. E.;Jacobson, E. R.	1998	Simultaneous occurrence of Salmonella arizonae in a sulfur crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita galerita) and iguanas		Avian Diseases			42	4	818-823	Aves, psittaciformes, cockatoo, hepatitis, reptilia, sauria, iguana, infection, bacteria, salmonella arizonae	A case of fatal hepatitis in a captive sulfur crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita galerita) in which Salmonella arizonae was microbiologically and immunohistochemically detected is described. The death of the cockatoo was closely related to the arrival of a group of 10 green iguanas (Iguana iguana) at a pet shop, and no previous clinical signs were observed in die cockatoo. The most important lesion observed at necropsy of the cockatoo was a multifocal necrotic hepatitis. Salmonella arizonae was isolated from the liver of the cockatoo and was detected immunohistochemically mainly around die edges of necrotic foci. Four iguanas died 3 days later showing a severe enteritis, and Salmonella arizonae was isolated from these lesions. The importance of quarantine and, because of pathogens such as Salmonella, the need to house reptiles at a distance from avian species, mainly psittacids, are reinforced. This is the first report of Salmonella arizonae infection in a cockatoo.  J Oros, Univ Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Fac Vet, Dept Histol & Pathol, Las Palmas Gran Canaria 35416, SPAIN	
Journal Article	Oros, J.;Rodriguez, J. L.;Pattersonkane, J.	1998	Gastric cryptosporidiosis in a wild frilled lizard from Australia		Journal of Wildlife Diseases			34	4	807-810	Reptilia, sauria, frilled lizard, Chlamydosaurus kingi, infection, protozoa, apicomplexa, Cryptosporidium sp.	An adult male frilled lizard (Chlamydosaurus kingi) was found dead in Northern Territory (Australia). On physical examination it was found to be severely emaciated. At necropsy the stomach was found to be firm with mild thickening of the gastric mucosa. Gastric rugae were prominent and the mucosa was red with a thin layer of dark red mucus on its surface. Light microscopic examination revealed a mild diffuse gastritis with infiltration of the lamina propria by lymphocytes, plasma cells, and heterophils. Large numbers of small, round amphophilic to basophilic (2 to 4 mu m in diameter) organisms morphologically consistent with cryptosporidia were seen on the surface of the mucosal epithelium and free in the gastric lumen. The gastric lesions seen in this frilled lizard did not involve atrophy, as previously described in lizards with gastric cryptosporidiosis, and were similar to those described in snakes. The possibility that more than one species of Cryptosporidium parasitizes reptiles could explain the different lesions. This is the first report of cryptosporidiosis in a frilled lizard.	
Journal Article	Oros, J.;Tucker, S.;Jacobson, E. R.	1998	Inclusion body disease in two captive boas in the Canary Islands		Veterinary Record			143	10	283-285	Reptilia, serpentes, boa, infection, virus, inclusion body disease	J Oros, Ulpgc, Fac Vet, Dept Histol & Pathol, Trasmontana 12A, Arucas 35416, Las Palmas, Spain	
Journal Article	Orós, Jorge;Jacobson, Elliott R.	1998	Adenovirus en reptiles: revisión		Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Española				9	40-44			
Journal Article	Orós, Jorge;Tucker, Sylvia;Pether, James;Bergadá, José;Rodríguez, Francisco	1998	Hipoplasia renal y gota visceral en un ejemplar juvenil de falsa coral de Sinaloa (Lampropeltis triangulum sinaloae) [Renal hypoplasia and visceral gout in a juvenile Sinaloan Milk Snake (Lampropeltis triangulum sinaloae)]		Revista Española de Herpetología			12		49-54			Departamento de Histología y Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña, 35416 Arucas (Las Palmas), Spain
Book Section	Orr, Lowell;Neumann, Jeffrey;Vogt, Elke;Collier, Alexander	1998	Status of Northern Leopard Frogs in Northeastern Ohio	Lannoo, M. J.	Status & Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians	Iowa City	University of Iowa Press			91-93			
Journal Article	Ortega-Rubio, Alfredo;Barbault, Robert;Halffter, Gonzalo;Castellanos, Aradit;Salinas, Federico	1998	Growth effort of Sceloporus scalaris (Sauria: Phrynosomatidae) at La Michilía Biosphere Reserve, Mexico		Revista de Biologia Tropical			46	1	145-155			
Journal Article	Osteen, S.	1998	Embryonic temperature influences juvenile temperature choice and growth rate in snapping turtles Chelydra serpentina		Journal of Experimental Biology			201	3	439-449	Reptilia, testudines, snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina, physiology, growth, temperature preference, incubation time	Snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) demonstrate temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD): intermediate egg incubation temperatures (23-27 degrees C) produce males, while extreme temperatures produce females, Snapping turtles are also sexually dimorphic: adult males are typically larger than females, Previous researchers hypothesized that male-producing egg temperatures enhanced the growth rate of juvenile turtles, resulting in the adult dimorphism and potentially providing an adaptive benefit for TSD, In reptiles, the choice of ambient temperature can also influence growth, I measured the effect of egg incubation temperature on juvenile growth rate and water temperature choice of C, serpentina. Eggs were incubated in the laboratory at 21.5, 24.5, 27.5 or 30.5 degrees C to produce both sexes, all males, both sexes or all females, respectively, Egg temperature was linearly and negatively correlated with growth rate of both male and female juveniles, Thus, growth was enhanced, but not maximized, by male-producing egg temperatures, Egg temperature was also negatively correlated with juvenile temperature choice such that, on average, turtles from 21.5 degrees C eggs selected 28 degrees C water, while turtles from 30.5 degrees C eggs chose 24.5 degrees C water, Additionally, these temperature choices were highly repeatable, even following a 6 month hibernation period at 7 degrees C. Thus, while male egg temperatures do not directly maximize growth, multiple effects of embryonic temperature may combine to create long-lasting differences in the behavioral physiology of male and female C, serpentina. Such differences could be important to the ecology and evolution of TSD. S Osteen, Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, SH 321, Irvine, CA 92697 USA	
Journal Article	Ostrand, Kenneth G.;Conway, Warren C.;Jimenez, Ricardo;Young, Randy R.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Gastrophryne olivacea		Herpetological Review			29	1	48			
Journal Article	Ostrand, Kenneth G.;Echels, David J.;Conway, Warren C.;Depew, Jarrod;Pleasant, Gregory D.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Rana blairi		Herpetological Review			29	1	49			
Journal Article	Ota, Hidetoshi;Chen, Szu-Lung;Shang, Gaus	1998	Japalura leui: A new agamid lizard from Taiwan (Reptilia: Squamata)		Copeia			1998	3	649-659		ota@sci.u-ryukyu.ac.jp	
Journal Article	Ota, Hidetoshi;Matsui, Masafumi	1998	The Third World Congress of Herpetology Held at Prague, Czech Republic		Japanese Journal of Herpetology			17	3	117-126		Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 930-0213, Japan	
Journal Article	Ota, Hidetoshi;Fisher, Robert N.;Ineich, Ivan;Case, Ted J.;Radtkey, Ray R.;Zug, George R.	1998	A new Lepidodactylus (Squmata: Gekkonidae) from Vanuatu		Herpetologica			54	3	325-332		Dept. of Biology, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-01, Japan	
Book	Ota, Hidetoshi;Yasukawa, Yuichirou;Toda, Mamoru	1998	International Symposium: Diversity of Reptiles, Amphibians and other Terrestrial Animals on Tropical Islands: Origin, Current Status and Conservation				University of the Ryukyus			39			
Journal Article	Ota, Hidetoshi	1998	A review of studies on the Japanese terrestrial reptiles by use of genetic techniques		Island Studies in Okinawa			16		19-32			
Journal Article	Ota, Hidetoshi	1998	Geographic patterns of endemism and speciation in amphibians and reptiles of the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan, with special reference to their paleogeographical implications		Res. Popul. Ecol.			40	2	189-204			
Journal Article	Ovaska, Kristiina;Caldbeck, Jeannie;Lazell, James	1998	Eleutherodactylus schwartzi (NCN). Reproduction		Herpetological Review			29	2	97		kovaska@jdmicro.com	
Journal Article	Ovaska, K.;Davis, T. M.;Flamarique., I. N.	1998	Erratum: Hatching success and larval survival of the frogs Hyla regilla and Rana aurora under ambient and artificially enhanced solar ultraviolet radiation		Canadian Journal of Zoology			76		1797			
Journal Article	Owen, Richard;Bowman, Douglas T., Jr.;Johnson, Steve A.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Ramphotyphlops braminus		Herpetological Review			29	2	115			
Journal Article	Oyewale, J. O.;Ebute, C. P.;Ogunsanmi, A. O.;Olayemi, F. O.;Durotoye, L. A.	1998	Weights and blood profiles of the west African hinge-backed tortoise, Kinixys erosa and the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii		Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series a - Physiology Pathology Clinical Medicine			45	10	599-605	Reptilia, testudines, west African hinge-backed tortoise, Kinixys, desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii, physiology, weight, blood, values	The body weight and blood profile were determined in the adult wild West African hinge-backed tortoise, Kinixys erosa and the adult mild desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii kept under identical environmental conditions. A comparison between sexes showed the male K. erosa had significantly higher packed cell volume and haemoglobin concentration and lower body weight and plasma alkaline phosphatase values than the female, while no significant sex differences appeared in these parameters in G. agassizii. The haematological parameters and plasma levels of electrolytes, enzymes, proteins and metabolites did not differ significantly between the two species, suggesting that the blood values of K. erosa resembled those of G. agassizii under identical environmental conditions. JO Oyewale, Univ Ibadan, Dept Vet Physiol & Pharmacol, Ibadan, NIGERIA	
Journal Article	Österberg, Robin	1998	Fläckig python, Antaresia maculosa, i terrariet		Snoken			28	3	17-22		Rågåkern 13, 417 26 Göteborg, Sweden	
Journal Article	Packard, Gary C.;Tucker, John K.;Lohmiller, Leslie D.	1998	Distribution of Strecker's Chorus frogs (Pseudacris streckeri) in relation to their tolerance for freezing		Journal of Herpetology			32	3	437-440		packard@lamar.colostate.edu	
Journal Article	Painter, Charles W.;Sias, Don S.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Sceloporus arenicolus		Herpetological Review			29	1	52			
Journal Article	Painter, Charles W.;Jennings, Randy D.	1998	Elgaria kingii nobilis (Arizona Alligator Lizard). Coloration		Herpetological Review			29	4	238			
Journal Article	Painter, Charles W.;Sias, Don	1998	Arizona elegans (Glossy Snake). Diet		Herpetological Review			29	4	241			
Journal Article	Painter, Charles W.	1998	Geographic distribution. Crotalus atrox		Herpetological Review			29	4	249			
Journal Article	Painter, Charles W.;Warrick, Gordon L.;Radke, William R.	1998	Geographic distribution. Thamnophis sirtalis		Herpetological Review			29	4	249-250			
Journal Article	Palacios, A. G.;Srivastava, R.;Goldsmith, T. H.	1998	Spectral and polarization sensitivity of photocurrents of amphibian rods in the visible and ultraviolet		Vis Neurosci			15	2	319-31	Ambystoma/physiology; Amphibia/*physiology; Animal; Cell Polarity/radiation effects; Color; *Light; Photic Stimulation; Rana pipiens/physiology; Retinal Pigments/metabolism; Retinaldehyde/metabolism; Rhodopsin/metabolism; Rods (Retina)/metabolism/*radiation effects; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; *Ultraviolet Rays; Xenopus laevis/physiology	Photocurrents from isolated rods of adults and sub-adults of three species of amphibians, Rana pipiens, Ambystoma tigrinum, and Xenopus laevis, were measured with suction pipette electrodes. The intensity for a half-maximal response was 0.91+/-0.48 photons microm(-2) flash(- 1) (mean +/- S.D., 10-ms flashes) for Rana, 0.92+/-0.44 for Ambystoma, and 6.14+/-1.33 for Xenopus. The mean number of photoisomerizations at half-saturation was 22+/-12 for Rana, 50+/-24 for Ambystoma, and 221+/- 48 for Xenopus. The photocurrent per photoisomerization is several times smaller in Xenopus rods than in the other two species. Spectral sensitivity was measured from 277-737 nm with light polarized both parallel and perpendicular to the planes of the membrane disks. Dichroism fell in the near UV and was absent in the region of absorption by tryptophan and tyrosine. Maximum sensitivity of Rana was at 503.9+/-2.6 nm (n = 86), and of Ambystoma, 505.8+/-1.8 nm (n = 24). Animals from these same batches that were sampled by HPLC had no 3- dehydroretinal (retinal2). Xenopus containing about 94% retinal2 and 6% retinal1 had lambda(max) at 519.3+/-2.7 nm (n = 11). Spectral position of the beta-band, estimated by the method of Stavenga et al. (1993), appears to be at longer wavelengths in amphibian photoreceptors than in other vertebrates. Fits of log sensitivity to a normalized-frequency template that tracks the long-wavelength tail of the alpha-band (Lamb, 1995) show that the rod pigments of Rana and Ambystoma are slightly narrower than those found in the photoreceptors of fish and mammals.	
Book	Palika, Liz	1998	The Complete Idiot's Guide to Reptiles & Amphibians			New York	Alpha Books			xxiv, 296, 8 plates			
Journal Article	Palis, John G.	1998	Breeding biology of the gopger frog, Rana capito in western Florida		Journal of Herpetology			32	2	217-223		529 North Main Street, Jonesboro, IL 62952, USA	
Journal Article	Palmer, Kevin S.;Rostal, David C.;Grumbles, Janice S.;Mulvey, Margaret	1998	Long-term sperm storage in the Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizii)		Copeia			1998	3	702-705		rostal@gsvms2.cc.gasou.edu	
Journal Article	Pandav, Bivash	1998	A survey of saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) nests in the Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary, Orissa		Cobra			33		35-40		Wildlife Institute of India, P.O. Box 18, Dehradun 248 001, India	
Journal Article	Panger, Melissa A.;Greene, Harry W.	1998	Micrurus nigrocinctus (Coral Snake). Reproduction		Herpetological Review			29	1	46		Mus. Vert. Zool., Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA	
Journal Article	Parichy, D. M.	1998	Experimental analysis of character coupling across a complex life cycle: pigment pattern metamorphosis in the tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum tigrinum		J Morphol			237	1	53-67	Ambystoma/*growth & development; Animal; Larva/growth & development; Metamorphosis, Biological/*physiology; Neural Crest/growth & development; Skin/growth & development; Skin Pigmentation/*physiology; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.	Developmental relationships among characters are expected to bias patterns of morphological variation at the population level. Studies of character development thus can provide insights into processes of adaptation and the evolutionary diversification of morphologies. Here I use experimental manipulations to test whether larval and adult pigment patterns are coupled across metamorphosis in the tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum tigrinum (Ambystomatidae). Previous investigations showed that the early larval pigment pattern depends on interactions between pigment cells and the lateral line sensory system. In contrast, the results of this study demonstrate that the major features of the adult pigment pattern develop largely independently of both the early larval pattern and the lateral lines. These results suggest that ontogenetic changes that occur across metamorphosis decouple larval and adult pigment patterns and could thereby facilitate independent evolutionary modifications to the patterns during different stages of the life cycle.	
Journal Article	Park, Kyu-bom;Choe, Jae Chun	1998	Plasticity of mating calls in Hyla japonica (Amphibia: Hylidae)		Korean J. Biol. Sci.			2		463-469			
Journal Article	Parker, Sharron	1998	Successful treatment of paralysis in a Central bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps)		Monitor			10	1	37-38		22 Julian Court, Burpengarry, Queensland, 4505 Australia	
Journal Article	Parmley, Dennis;Walker, Donald	1998 (1999)	Elaphe vulpina (Colubridae) from the Blancan of Washington, with a review of the species' paleodistribution		Herpetological Natural History			6	1	41-46		dparmley@mail.gcsu.edu	
Journal Article	Parra-Olea, Gabriela;García-París, Mario	1998	Bolitoglossa hartwegi		Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles				641	1-2		Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, 3101 Valley Life Sciences Bldg., University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA	
Journal Article	Parra-Olea, Gabriela;Garcia-Paris, Mario	1998	Pseudoeurycea galeane (Galeana False Brook Salamander). Habitat use		Herpetological Review			29	3	163-164		MVZ, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA	
Journal Article	Parra-Olea, Gabriela	1998	Pseudoeurycea nigromaculata		Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles				664	1-2		gparra@socrates.berkeley.edu	
Journal Article	Parris, M. J. 	1998	Terrestrial burrowing ecology of newly metanmorphosed frogs (Rana pipiens complex)		Canadian Journal of Zoology			76		2124-2129			
Journal Article	Pasanen, Seppo;Laitinen, Markku;Alhonen, Tarja	1998	Effects of pH on the wintering of the common frog (Rana temporaria L.)		Ann. Zool. Fennici			35		29-36			
Journal Article	Pasmans, F.	1998	Prevalence of salmonella- and Chlamydia-infections in tortoises [Voorkomen van Salmonella en Clamydia infecties bij schildpadden]		Script Fac. Vet. Med. Gent (Belgium)					1-47	Reptilia, testudines, infection, bacteria, salmonella		
Journal Article	Paterson, Ann	1998	A new capture technique for arboreal lizards		Herpetological Review			29	3	159		apaterso@fig.cox.miami.edu	
Journal Article	Patto, Cladio E. G.	1998	A simple stomach flushing method for small frogs		Herpetological Review			29	3	156-157		paato@obelix.unicamp.br	
Journal Article	Paul, Regina;Andreas, Britta	1998	Migration and home range of female European pond turtles (Emys o. orbicularis) in Brandenburg (NE Germany), first results		Mertensiella			10		193-197		Heinskamp 23, D-22081 Hamburg, Germany	
Journal Article	Paulduro, Ernst;Krabbe-Paulduro, Ursula	1998	Nachzucht des Apothekerskinks Scincus scincus (Linnaeus, 1758)		Sauria			20	1	19-24		Goethestraße 81, D-63477 Maintal, Germany	
Journal Article	Pauler, Ingo	1998	Buchbesprechungen: Landschildkröten		Elaphe			6	1	84			
Journal Article	Paulissen, Mark A.	1998	Laboratory study of escape tactics of parthenogenetic and gonochoristic Cnemidophorus from southern Texas		Copeia			1998	1	240-243		mpauliss@mail.mcneese.edu	
Journal Article	Paulissen, Mark A.;Walker, James M.	1998	Cnemidophorus laredoensis		Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles				673	1-5		Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, McNeese State University, Lake Charles, LA 70609, USA	
Journal Article	Pauwels, Oliver;Meirte, Danny;Cherot, Frédéric	1998	Grayia caesar (African Banded Water Snake). Sexual dimorphism		Herpetological Review			29	3	170		Muséum national d'Histoire, Laboratoire de Zoologie, 25 rue Cuvier, F-75005 Paris, France	
Journal Article	Páez, Vivian P.;Bock, Brian C.	1998	Temperature effect on incubation period in the yellow-spotted river turtle, Podocnemis unifilis, in the Colombian Amazon		Chelonian Conservation and Biology			3	1	31-36	Pelomedusidae; reproduction; nesting; incubation temperatures; incubation periods; nest survivorship; Colombia	vpaez@matematicas.udea.edu.co	
Journal Article	Peixoto, Oswaldo Lutz;Freire, Eliza M. X.	1998	Geographic distribution. Frostius Pernambucensis		Herpetological Review			29	3	172			
Journal Article	Pellinen, Sirpa	1998	Kauppa uhkaa monia uhanalaisia lajeja		Herpetomania			7	2	30-31			
Journal Article	Pence, D.B.;Wright, S.D.	1998	Chelonacarus elongatus n. gen., n. sp. (Acari: Cloacaridae) from the cloaca of the green turtle Chelonia mydas (Cheloniidae)		Journal of Parasitology			84	4	835-839	Reptilia, testudines, green turtle, Chelonia mydas, infection, acari, Chelonacarus elongatus n. gen., n. sp.	Chelonacarus elongatus n. gen., n. sp. is proposed for a cheyletoid mite (Acari: Prostigmata) of the family Cloacaridae found in the cloacal tissue of the endangered green turtle Chelonia mydas Linnaeus, 1758 from the Atlantic coast of the Republic of Panama. In females, the new genus is distinguished from other genera of turtle cloacarids by the elongate slender shape of the idiosoma, the shape and pattern of sclerotization of the dorsal shield, and the fused distal ends of apodemes II. A combination of other features that distinguish the newly proposed genus is the smooth surface of the pedipalps, single dorsal spine on tibiae I-TV, no setae on coxa IV, terminal position of the vulva, and the strongly developed pair of ventral spines on tarsi I-II. This is the first record of cloacarids from sea turtles. The similarity of adult cloacarids in the genus Chelonacarus from sea turtles (Chelonioidea) and Cloacarus Camin et al., 1967 from snapping turtles (Chelydridae) lends support to the hypothesis of some paleontologists that these 2 groups of turtles are linked phylogenetically. DB Pence, Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA	
Journal Article	Penick, D.N.;Spotila, J.R.;O'Connor, M.P;Steyermark, A.C.;George, R.H.;Salice, C.J.;Paladino, F.V.	1998	Thermal independence of muscle tissue metabolism in the leatherback turtle, Dermochelys coriacea		Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A			120		399-403	leatherback; physiology; temperature		
Journal Article	Penna, M;Solís, R.	1998	Frog call intensities and sound propagation in the South American temperate forest region		Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology			42		371-381	acoustic communication, advertisement call, Amphibia, Anura, methods, propagation, habitat,		
Journal Article	Peskova, Tatyana Yu.	1998 (1999)	The toxicity of pesticides and heavy metal salts to Anuran tadpoles		Advances in Amphibian Research in the Former Soviet Union			3		113-122		Ul. Stavropolskaya, 224/1-49, Krasnodar 350040, Russia	
Journal Article	Peterson, Charles C.;Walton, B. Michael;Bennett, Albert F.	1998	Intrapopulation variation in ecological energetics of the garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis, with analysis of the precision of doubly labeled water measurements		Physiological Zoology			71	4	333-349			
Journal Article	Peterson, C. C.;Walton, B. M.;Bennet, A. F.	1998	Intrapopulation variation in  ecological energetics of the garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis,with analysis of the precision of doubly labeled water measurements		Physiological Zoology			71	4	333-349	evolution, population, ecology, energy, metabolism, body size		
Journal Article	Peterson, M.	1998	Treating pit viper bites		Veterinary Medicine			93	10	885	Reptilia, serpentes, snake, crotalus, envenomation	M Peterson, Orchards Pet Hosp, 207 Thain Rd, Lewiston, ID 83501 USA	
Journal Article	Pethiyagoda, R.;Manamendra-Arachchi, K.	1998	A revision of the endemic Sri Lankan agamid lizard genus Ceratophora Gray, 1835, with description of two new species		Journal of South Asian natural History			3	1	1-50	Ceratophora erdeleni n. sp.; Ceratophora karu n. sp.		
Journal Article	Petranka, James W.;Rushlow, Andrea W.;Hopey, Mark E.	1998	Predation by tadpoles of Rana sylvatica on embryos of Ambystoma maculatum: Implications of ecological role reversals by Rana (predator) and Ambystoma (prey)		Herpetologica			54	1	1-13		Dept. of Biol., Univ. of North Carolina, Asheville, NC 28804, USA	
Book	Petranka, James W.	1998	Salamanders of the United States and Canada			Washington, DC	Smithsonian			xvi, 587			
Journal Article	Petranka, J. W.;Hayes., L.	1998	Chemically mediated avoidance of a predatory odonate (Anax junius) by American toad (Bufo americanus) and wood frog (Rana sylvatica) tadpoles		Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology			42		263-271			
Journal Article	Petrini, S.;Zaccanti., F.	1998	The effects of aromatase and 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors, antiandrogen, and sex steroids on Bidder's organ development and gonadal differentiation in Bufo bufo tadpoles		Journal of Experimental Zoology			280		245-259			
Journal Article	Petzing, John E.;Sabaj, Mark H.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Eurycea cirrigera		Herpetological Review			29	1	47			
Journal Article	Petzing, John E.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Bufo americanus americans		Herpetological Review			29	1	48			
Journal Article	Petzing, John E.;Sabaj, Mark H.;Doerscheln, Ronald	1998	Geographic Distribution. Storeria dekayi		Herpetological Review			29	1	55			
Journal Article	Petzing, John;Phillips, Christopher A.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Ambystoma opacum		Herpetological Review			29	2	105			
Journal Article	Petzing, John;Phillips, Christopher A.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Ambystoma texanum		Herpetological Review			29	2	105			
Journal Article	Petzing, John;Phillips, Christopher A.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Eurycea cirrigera		Herpetological Review			29	2	106			
Journal Article	Petzing, John;Phillips, Christopher A.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Eurycea quadridigitata		Herpetological Review			29	2	106			
Journal Article	Petzing, John;Cummings, Kevin S.;Taylor, Christopher A.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Acris crepitans blanchardi		Herpetological Review			29	2	106			
Journal Article	Petzing, John;Phillips, Christopher A.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Bufo terrestris		Herpetological Review			29	2	106			
Journal Article	Petzing, John;Phillips, Christopher A.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Hyla cinerea		Herpetological Review			29	2	107			
Journal Article	Petzing, John;Phillips, Christopher A.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Hyla squirella		Herpetological Review			29	2	107			
Journal Article	Petzing, John;Phillips, Christopher A.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Pseudacris triseriata		Herpetological Review			29	2	108			
Journal Article	Petzing, John;Phillips, Christopher A.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Rana clamitans		Herpetological Review			29	2	108			
Journal Article	Petzing, John;Phillips, Christopher A.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Anolis caroliniensis		Herpetological Review			29	2	110			
Journal Article	Petzing, John;Phillips, Christopher A.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Agkistrodon contortrix		Herpetological Review			29	2	111			
Journal Article	Petzing, John;Phillips, Christopher A.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Diadophis punctatus		Herpetological Review			29	2	111			
Journal Article	Petzing, John;Phillips, Christopher A.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Elaphe guttata		Herpetological Review			29	2	112			
Journal Article	Petzing, John;Phillips, Christopher A.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Farancia abacura		Herpetological Review			29	2	112			
Journal Article	Petzing, John;Phillips, Christopher A.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Regina septemvittata		Herpetological Review			29	2	115			
Journal Article	Petzing, John;Phillips, Christopher A.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Storeria dekayi		Herpetological Review			29	2	116			
Journal Article	Petzing, John;Phillips, Christopher A.	1998	Geographic Distribution. Tantilla coronata		Herpetological Review			29	2	116			
Journal Article	Petzing, John E.;Phillips, Christopher A.	1998	Geographic distribution. Eurycea longicauda		Herpetological Review			29	3	171			
Journal Article	Petzing, John E.;Phillips, Christopher A.	1998	Geographic distribution. Notophthalmus viridescens		Herpetological Review			29	3	172			
Journal Article	Petzing, John E.;Phillips, Christopher A.	1998	Geographic distribution. Coluber constrictor		Herpetological Review			29	3	175			
Journal Article	Petzing, John E.;Phillips, Christopher A.	1998	Geographic distribution. Heterodon platirhinos		Herpetological Review			29	3	177			
Journal Article	Petzing, John E.;Phillips, Christopher A.;Dreslik, Michael J.;Wilson, Allan K.;Redmer, Michael;Anton, Thomas G.;Mauger, David;Blanford, Michael J.	1998	New amphibians and reptile records in Illinois		Herpetological Review			29	3	179-182		jpetzing@mail.inhs.uiuc.edu	
Journal Article	Pfennig, D. W.;Ho, S. G.;Hoffman., E. A.	1998	Pathogen transmission as a selective force against cannibalism		Animal Behaviour			55		1255-1261			
Book Section	Pfingsten, Ralph A.	1998	Distribution of Ohio Amphibians	Lannoo, M. J.	Status & Conservation of Midwestern Amphibians	Iowa City	University of Iowa Press			221-255			
Journal Article	Philippen, H.-D.	1998	Bemerkungen zum Defensivverhalten bei einer unbekannten Weichschildkrote (Chitra sp,) aus Indonesien		Emys			5	1	34-38	Chitra; Asia: Indonesia		
Journal Article	Phillips, John A.	1998	Book review: Monitor Lizards: Natural History Biology, and Husbandry		Copeia			1998	3	812-813		jphillips@sandiegozoo.org	
Journal Article	Phillips, Christopher A.;Petzing, John E.	1998	Geographic distribution. Lampropeltis getula holbrooki		Herpetological Review			29	3	177			
Journal Article	Phillips, John A.;Millar, Robert P.	1998	Reproductive biology of the White-throated Savannah Monitor, Varanus albigularis		Journal of Herpetology			32	3	366-377		Center for Reproduction of Endangered Species, Zoological Society of San Diego, San Diego, CA 92112, USA	
Journal Article	Phillips, Marcus;Phillips, Susan	1998	Toads on roads, in car parks and down drains		British Herpetological Society Bulletin				64	21-27		P.O. Box 348, Biggleswade, Beds SG18 8EQP, Great Britain	
Journal Article	Phillips, P. C.	1998	Genetic constraints at the metamorphic boundary: morphological development in the wood frog, Rana sylvatica		Journal of Evolutionary Biology			11		453-463			
Book	Phillips, Kathryn	1998 (2000)	[Tracking the Vanishing Frogs]			Tokyo				250 (6)			
Journal Article	Pianka, Eric R.;Hillis, David M.;Cannatella, David C.;Ryan, Michael J.;Wiens, John J.	1998	Teaching herpetology		Herpetologica			54	Suppl.	S3-S5		Dept. of Zoology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA	
Journal Article	Pianka, Eric;Hillis, David M.;Cannatella, David C.;Ryan, Michael J.;Wiens, John J.	1998	Teaching herpetology		Herpetologica			54(Suppl.)		S3-S5			
Journal Article	Pianka, G. A.;Pianka, Eric R.;Thompson, G. G.	1998	Natural history of thorny devils Moloch horridus (Lacertilia: Agamidae) in the Great Victorian Desert		Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia			81		183-190			
Journal Article	Pichelin, S.;Cribb, T.H.;Bona, F.V.	1998	Glossocercus chelodinae (MacCallum, 1921) n. comb. (Cestoda: Dilepididae) from freshwater turtles in Australia and a redefinition of the genus Bancroftiella Johnston, 1911		Systematic Parasitology			39	3	165-181	Reptilia, testudines, Chelodina expansa, infection, Cestoda, Glossocercus chelodinae (MacCallum, 1921) n. comb.	Glossocercus chelodinae (MacCallum, 1921) n. comb. is redescribed from fresh material recovered from the intestine of an Australian freshwater turtle, Chelodina expansa. G. chelodinae can be distinguished from all other species of the genus by the shape of its rostellar hooks. it is suggested that this species has colonised fish-eating turtles from fish-eating birds. The morphological relationships among Parvitaenia, Bancroftiella and Glossocercus are discussed. The diagnosis of Bancroftiella is amended and marsupials are eliminated as hosts. Bancroftiella sudarikovi Spasskii & Yurpalova, 1970 becomes a synonym of Glossocercus glandularis (Fuhrmann, 1905); only B. tennis Johnston, 1911, the type-species, and B. ardeae Johnston, 1911 remain in the genus. S Pichelin, S Australian Museum, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia	
Journal Article	Pieau, Claude	1998	Temperature-dependent sex determination in Emys orbicularis: laboratory and field studies		Mertensiella			10		199-207		Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS et Université Paris 7, 2 Place Jussíeu, F-75251 Paris Cedex o5, France	
Journal Article	Pieh, Alexander;Sättele, Bettina	1998	Die Europäische Sumpfschilkröte (Emys orbicularis) Mallorcas		Elaphe			6	3	64-67		Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde, Forschungsstelle, Augustusstraße 2, D-01067 Dresden, Germany	
Journal Article	Pintar, Manfred;Spolwind, Robert	1998	Mögliche Koexistenz von Fish- und Amphibienzönosen in Gewässern der Donauauen westlich Wiens [Fish and amphibians coenoses in backwaters of riparian forests of the river Danube nearby Vienna]		Salamandra			34	2	137-156		pintar@EDV1.boku.ac.at	
Journal Article	Platenberg, Renata	1998	Book Review: Monitor Lizards: natural History, Biology, and Husbandry		Herpetological Journal			8	3	167			
Journal Article	Platt, Steven G.;Rainwater, Thomas R.	1998	Distribution records and life history notes for amphibians and reptiles in Belize		Herpetological Review			29	4	250-251		lamanai@btl.net	
Journal Article	Pleguezuelos, Juan M.;Feriche, Mónica	1998	Reproductive biology of the secretive Mediterranean colubrid Macroprotodon cucullatus in the southern Iberian Peninsula		Herpetological Journal			8	4	195-200		Dept. de Biología Animal y Ecología, Fac. de Ciencias, Univ. de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain	
Journal Article	Plum, Gerd	1998... mit einem Schlanenterrarium in die Grundschule		Elaphe			6	4	30-31			
Journal Article	Pochanugool, C.;Wildde, H.;Bhanganada, K.;Chanhome, L.;Cox, M. J.;Chaiyabutr, N.;Sitprija, V.	1998	Venomous snakebite in Thailand. II: Clinical experience		Mil Med			163	5	318-23		We reviewed a total of 2,525 snakebite patients in Bangkok. Of these, 1,415 were bitten by venomous snakes, 91 by neurotoxic snakes of genus Naja or Bungarus and 1,324 by snakes of family Viperidae or Crotalidae. Seventy-one percent of bites were on the lower extremity. There were two fatal cobra bites; both patients were dead on arrival at the hospital. Bites from vipers caused morbidity but no deaths. Species-specific antivenins are effective in reversing respiratory failure from cobra bites and coagulopathies from bites by Viperidae and Crotalidae snakes. However, early respiratory and wound care will save lives even in the absence of specific cobra and krait antivenin. Care of a snakebite victim should consist of immobilization and bandaging of the bitten limb with elastic bandages during transport to the hospital, early surgical debridement of necrotic tissue, appropriate infusion of antivenin, aggressive respiratory support, management of shock and infection, and peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis. Incision of bite wounds, suctioning, application of ice, and tourniquets are of no proven value and may be dangerous. All snakebite victims in southeast Asia should survive if they receive early competent care.	
Journal Article	Podloucky, Richard	1998	Status of Emys orbicularis in northwest Germany		Mertensiella			10		209-217		Niedersächsisches Landesamt für Ökologie, Abt. Naturschutz, Am Flugplatz 14, D-31135 Hildesheim, Germany	
Journal Article	Podreka, S.;Georges, A.;Maher, B.;Limpus, C.J.	1998	The environmental contaminant DDE fails to influence the outcome of sexual differentiation in the turtle Chelonia mydas		Environmental health perspectives			106	4	185-188	ecotoxicology		
Journal Article	Poe, Steven	1998	Skull characters and the cladistic relationships of the Hispaniolan dwarf twig Anolis		Herpetological Monographs			12		192-236	Anolis placidus; Anolis sheplani; Anolis insolitus; Charater coding; Cladistics; Skulls; Phylogeny; Twig ecomorph	stevepoe@mail.utexas.edu	
Journal Article	Pointet, Abram	1998	Visite du Tierpark Dählhölzi, Bern		Manouria				1	16			
Journal Article	Pointet, Abram	1998	Notes sur la reproduction de tortue rayonnée de Madagascar: Astrochelys radiata (Shaw, 1802)		Manouria				1	22-24			
Journal Article	Pollo, César J.;Velasco-Marcos, Juan Carlos;González-Sánchez, Nicolás	1998	la fauna herpetológica del espacio natural de los Arribes de Duero		Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Española				9	4-10			
Journal Article	Pombal, José P., Jr;Wistuba, Eloisa M.;Bornschein, Marcos R.	1998	A new species of Brachycephalid (Anura) from the Atlantic Rain Forest of Brazil		Journal of Herpetology			32	1	70-74		Dept. de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Quinta da Boa Vista, 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil	
Journal Article	Ponce-Campos, Paulino;Huerta-Ortega, Sara M.	1998	Geographic distribution. Dryadophis cliftoni		Herpetological Review			29	3	176			
Journal Article	Ponce-Campos, Paulino;Huerta-Ortega, Sara M.	1998	Geographic distribution. Imantodes gracillimus		Herpetological Review			29	3	177			
Journal Article	Porter, Robert	1998	Captive breeding and maintenance of Tyron's Velvet Gecko (Oedura tyroni)		Dactylus			3	3	131-137		Australian Reptile Park, P.O. Box 192, Gosford, NSW 2250, Australia	
Book	Pough, F. Harvey;Andrews, Robin M.;Cadle, John E.;Crump, Martha L.;Savitzky, Alan H.;Wells, Kentwood D.	1998	Herpetology			Upper Saddle River, NJ	Prentice Hall			xi + 577			
Edited Book	Pough, F. Harvey;Andrews, Robin M.;Cadle, John E.;Crump, Martha L.;Savitzky, Alan H.;Wells, Kentwood D.	1998	Herpetology			Upper Saddle River, NJ	Prentice Hall			xii + 577			
Book	Pough, F. H.;Andrews, R. M.;Cadle, J. E.;Crump, M. L.;Savitizky, A. H.;Wells, K. D.	1998	Herpetology			Upper Saddle River	Prentice-Hall, Inc.			577			
Journal Article	Powell, Robert;Henderson, Robert W.	1998	Alsop