This article is for informational usage only. The information found in this file is not guaranteed to be true and/or accurate, and only applies to Mac OS X 10.3 and ealier. I'm not responsible for what you do, or what anyone else does, with this information.

Wireless (bluetooth) keyboards aren't supported in SUM (bluetooth driver isn't loaded). You *must* connect a wired keyboard.

There are a couple tools to help you retrieve the OF password. For OS 9 there is FWSucker, and for OS X there is macKrack. This article assumes you're running OS X, and using macKrack, and can mount disk images. If you can't mount dmg files, you're on your own to find a way to get the program onto the computer. If you're lucky, you'll have another computer you can mount dmg files on, and a USB flash drive (also known as a 'thumb' drive) available.

1. Mount the disk image, and run macKrack.
2. Open the Utilities drawer if it isn't open altready.
3. Click "Passwd" in the Utilities drawer.
4. Click "Extract..." next to Open firmware.
   If you get a message that there is no password, try a couple more times.
5. With password in hand, reboot holding cmd-opt-o-f.
6. "setenv security-mode none"
7. Enter the password.
8. "reset-all"
   Since it's going to reboot, this would be a good time to see if you can get into SUM now (hold cmd-s before it starts rebooting).

If, for some reason, you can't get the OF password (maybe you can't log in to run any programs), you can reset the password. If any hardware is changed (such as the total amount of RAM) the OF security settings defaults to none, and the password is cleared. The simplest hardware to change is the RAM. So, that's what we'll go after.

1. Shut down. We don't want to kill either ourselves or the machine.
2. Open the case, or lift the keyboard.
3. Find the nearest stick of RAM.
4. Take it out, even if it's the only stick you see.
5. Close the case, or put the keyboard back in place.
6. Hold these four keys: command, option, 'p', and 'r'.
7. Turn the machine on.
8. Hold the keys until you hear the boot chime at least three times (two chimes, then let go).
9. Let go of the keys and let the machine boot.
10. Shut down when you can.
11. Open the case, or lift the keyboard.
12. Put the RAM back where it was. Be sure it is seated properly.
13. Close the case, or put the keyboard back in place.
14. Boot holding cmd-s.

Once you get into SUM, there are a few things you should to do before you can do anything else.

1. "/sbin/fsck -y"
   You may get a warning that the filesystem has Journaling enabled. This is okay. Journaled systems don't need to be fscked. So, don't fsck with them.
2. "/sbin/mount -uw /" If you don't run any other command, run this one.
   This remounts the master drive for writing. Some sites and indiviuals recommend "mount -uaw". This is okay, but does a bit more than we need done.

   At this point, the next commands depend on the version. You can run "sw_vers" To make sure you know what OS you're dealing with.

10.2

3. "/sbin/SystemStarter"

10.3

3. "/usr/libexec/register_mach_bootstrap_servers /etc/mach_init.d"
4. "cd /var/db/netinfo; netinfod -s local"
   
5. "/sbin/SystemStarter"

10.4

3. "sh /etc/rc"

Dec 1, 2004:

• Wrote the initial draft, and first copy.

  Dec 2, 2004:

• Submitted to Mac Underground.
• Added Table of Contents, Conclusion, and History.
• Fixed Chapter numbering, and title punctuation.

  Dec 10, 2004

• Converted the text file to HTML.

  Dec 11, 2004

• Final draft.
• Added chapters 3 and 4.
• Moved to public domain.

  Mar 12, 2005

• Fixed a bad link in the ToC for Chap 5.
• Added hilighting to terminal commands.

  Apr 7, 2005

• Added notes about bluetooth keyboards not working in SUM.

  Jul 7, 2005

• Corrected typos in Apr 7's history.

  Mar 21, 2006

• Reformatted the page.
• Rewrote and remove several sections.
• Lots of typos corrected.