Sold for £18.5m, a Raphael portrait that once cost $325
By
Emily Dugan
A rare
portrait by Raphael that had not been seen by the public for more than 40 years
sold for £18.5m at Christie's last night. It was the largest sum ever paid
at auction for a work by the Renaissance
painter.
The work, an oil
portrait of the Florentine ruler Lorenzo de' Medici which has been described as
"the most important Renaissance portrait to be offered at auction for a
generation", had been predicted to fetch between £10m and
£15m.
But its recent
history has been far from illustrious. Sold to the American collector Ira
Spanierman for just $325 in 1968, the painting then in poor condition
was regarded with scepticism by many, who doubted that it was the work of
the Italian master.
Three
years later, art historians confirmed that the work was indeed by Raffaello
Sanzio, popularly known as Raphael, leaving Mr Spanierman sitting on a potential
gold mine.
A.D.
Nuttall,
Shakespeare the
Thinker, Yale University Press. 428
pp.
Colin
McGinn,
Shakespeare's
Philosophy, HarperCollins. 230
pp.
Review by
Carlin
Romano
To be or not to be a
philosopher did not concern Shakespeare, so far as we know. And we know very
little. Indeed, it might be said that the
endless interpretations of scholars who claim Shakespeare meant this or that, or
wrote from a familiar ideological position - "closet Catholic" keeps rising as a
trendy view in recent bios - die many times before their deaths (savaged by
rival scholars), while modest approaches taste of deconstruction but once, when
the books in which they appear get
pulped.
And there's the nub - the paradox
of Shakespeare scholarship that continues nearly 400 years after his
death.
On the one hand - a phrase
Shakespeare may have invented, along with a higher percentage of English truisms
than anyone else - the Bard endures as the supreme writer in the history of the
English language and, to many, the most profound ever across all
cultures.
When we refuse to "budge an
inch," excoriate "rotten apples," or admonish slackers to "sink or swim," we
speak in his voice. Although the arts sections of newspapers teem with products
from self-anointed "artists" who will not survive their publicity budgets,
Shakespeare after roughly four centuries still pleases general audiences,
challenges intellectuals, and provokes academics. How can we not presume that
such a stupendous orchestrator of character and insight operated with a
coherent, multifaceted theory of human
nature?
On the other hand, our ignorance
of Shakespeare the man - he left no diaries or letters in his short life of some
52 years - and the clashing multiple versions of some of his texts, have always
dovetailed with a contrary belief that his greatness arises precisely from utter
openness to the varieties of human behavior, emotion and thought, his ability to
render in concrete scenes and daring metaphors more non-reductionist nuances of
the heart and mind than an army of writers centuries later.
Edward
Muir, The
Culture Wars of the Late Renaissance, Harvard,
175 pages
Review by
FRANCIS X.
ROCCA
Finding the roots of opera in the
history of science is a task that would daunt even a polymath of Renaissance
stature. Yet in "The Culture Wars of the Late Renaissance," Edward Muir
plausibly explains how the skepticism taught by a professor at the University of
Padua in the early 17th century fostered a musical revolution in neighboring
Venice -- and much else besides.
Could
art really imitate nature? Followers of Cesare Cremonini (1550-1631) did not
think so, elaborating their master's philosophical skepticism into a "profound
rhetorical skepticism" that "eroded confidence in artistic norms and rules."
Cremonini's thinking, Mr. Muir shows, helped to free up the whole idea of what
the arts might do. Composers and librettists, under the influence of Cremonini's
disciples, felt themselves set loose from convention. They made a place for
"pure voice . . . utterly disconnected from the text of the libretto, a practice
that led to the musical, lyrical and emotional excesses so characteristic of
early opera." Mr. Muir's exhibit A is Monteverdi, specifically "L'Incoronazione
di Poppea" (a work that is still in the repertory today).
DüRER TO FRIEDRICH - GERMAN DRAWINGS FROM THE ASHMOLEAN MUSEUM
OXFORD
By
Neil Cooper
The Ashmolean Museum in
Oxford is currently holding an exhibition of drawings that highlight the
Museum’s small but prestigious collection of pieces by German artists from
the 16th to 19th centuries.
Durer to
Friedrich – German Drawings from the Ashmolean runs until May 20 2007 and
consists of the collections of two different
antiquarians.
Francis Douce bequeathed
the earlier works, containing a number of works by Albrecht Durer, to Oxford
University in 1834. The second group, dating from the 19th century, was given to
the museum by Dr Grete Ring who came to England from Germany in the
1930s.
New Audio Guide Reveals True Meaning of Fra Angelico Frescoes at San
Marco, in Florence, Italy
Fra
Angelico’s magnificent 15th Century frescoes at San Marco monastery in
Florence are among the greatest achievements in the history of art. Now visitors
can tour this historic site guided by the scholarship of a highly-regarded art
historian.
This audio tour is for use by travelers
as a guide when they’re actually at San Marco, looking at the frescoes and
wanting to understand the artistic and historical context of what they’re
seeing. “Audio is an efficient and entertaining way to absorb a lot of
information,” says Jane McIntosh, producer and narrator of Jane’s
Smart Art Guides. “It’s like taking your favorite art history
professor on your trip with you.”
Here's what's not in
doubt: In Renaissance Europe, women were basically the property of their fathers
and husbands. They had almost no legal rights; they were not supposed to control
property or sign contracts. They were the frequent victims of rape and vicious
beatings. They had a range of career options: They could be wives, nuns or
prostitutes.
But what's still at issue is
the precise cultural effect of that oppression. "Italian Women Artists From
Renaissance to Baroque," a gripping show staged at the National Museum of Women
in the Arts in honor of its 20th anniversary, raises several crucial
questions.
Do this show's 67 portraits,
flower pictures, still lifes, holy scenes and classical narratives speak to us
as special woman's work, or are they just more of what men made? Could a famous
artist like Artemisia Gentileschi, by far the greatest talent in this show,
benefit from being born a woman or only suffer for it?
Richard Trexler, 74, distinguished professor
emeritus of history, died March 8 in Princeton, N.J., after suffering
complications related to a kidney
transplant.
Trexler, a Florentine
Renaissance specialist who did his undergraduate work at Baylor University,
received his doctorate in 1964 from the University of Frankfurt am Main in
Germany.
He joined Binghamton’s
faculty in 1978 after teaching in Texas and Illinois.
Trexler, who was named distinguished
research professor of history in 1996, retired in 2003 and continued to teach
part time until last year.
Karen-edis
Barzman, associate professor of art history and director of the Center for
Medieval and Renaissance Studies, wrote an appreciation of Trexler that she
shared with colleagues this week. “Trexler casts a monumental shadow over
a vast academic terrain and will be missed,” she
wrote.
Trexler had 20 single-authored and
edited books to his credit, along with more than 60 articles appearing in
anthologies and scholarly
journals.
“Among the first in the
1960s in the discipline of history to draw on anthropology, he spent much of his
career demonstrating how various forms of ritual in the Renaissance (from
city-wide spectacles to neighborhood parades and parish festivals) structured
public and private life, explaining how the repeated performance of formalized
acts governed thought, shaped behavior and constituted community in the
Renaissance city,” Barzman wrote.
A native of Houston Texas, Phillip W. Serna (double
bass and viola da gamba) is an active and enthusiastic performer of early music,
as well as the contemporary, solo, orchestral, and chamber repertoires. Studying
with Jeffrey M. Hill, Phillip earned his high school diploma from the
Instrumental Music Department at the High School for the Performing and Visual
Arts in Houston, TX. Afterwards, Phillip earned his Bachelor of Music in double
bass performance with Stephen Tramontozzi at the San Francisco Conservatory of
Music in 1998. Phillip later completed his Master of Music at Northwestern
University School of Music in 2001 as a Civic Orchestra of Chicago Graduate
Fellow. Currently, Phillip is rigorously pursuing the Doctor of Music degree at
Northwestern University, studying double bass with international soloist DaXun
Zhang and formerly with Chicago Symphony Orchestra member Michael Hovnanian.
Phillip studied viola da gamba with Newberry Consort founder Mary
Springfels.
The History Department at the University of Warwick
is delighted to announce an exciting new venture: an Online MA in History. The
MA is part-time and taught entirely online, apart from a study weekend in each
year of the course. The Online MA currently has three pathways
including The Renaissance. Students taking this pathway are encouraged to
explore different methodological and theoretical approaches to the Renaissance
across Europe. The course is interdisciplinary and discusses art and
architecture as well as texts by Petrarch, Machiavelli, Castiglione, Erasmus,
Thomas More, Rabelais, Palladio, Vasari, Montaigne, Shakespeare, and
Cervantes. A weekend residential school is held in Venice.
The school is run by Warwick staff from their base at the Palazzo Pesaro
Papafava. It includes talks, seminars, and visits to historic sites.
There has been a Warwick in Venice programme since 1967.
English PEN invited members and non-members to an
evening of John Donne. Ruth Padel talked to John Stubbs about his Jerwood
Prize-winning biography of Donne, prompting expressions of surprise at the
colourfulness of Donne's life and occasionally bringing a poet's eye to bear on
his rhythms. Harriet Walter, fresh from playing Cleopatra at the RSC, read
satires, love poetry and tussles with God that drew sighs of appreciation and
occasional realisations that that's how a line should sound. PEN director
Jonathan Heawood said Donne was chosen to reinforce the fact that PEN is about
writing as much as about the mistreatment of those who produce it.