The
Cimbri were the first of many massive waves of barbaric
Germanic humanity to crash against the Greco-Roman world.
They were a giant, blonde-haired, blue-eyed, long-bearded,
smelly, unwashed, savage, Nordic, warrior people who lived
with their families in an armed camp made out of wagons.
Their older women were their priests – the Völva – who
would dress in white robes, slaughter prisoners of war,
sprinkle the blood over themselves which would give them
the power to see the future. They descended from Jutland to
Austria and made war on the Celtic people who lived in that
area. The Romans, who were just beginning to emerge from
the shock of the Hannibalic War and the frustrations of the
Jugerthine War, had resumed their campaigns of conquest
north of the Po and through the Alps. They subjugated the
Celts to the north until they came into contact with the
massive body of the Cimbri nation.
Roman consul Gnaeus Papirius Carbo brought an army north
and confronted the Cimbri at Noriea. The Cimbri had never
seen an organized professional army before and desired to
sue for peace in exchange for land that they could settle.
Carbo accepted the parlay, but betrayed the Cimbri and
attacked. Like most military confrontations by the Romans,
this too began with defeat. Carbo’s army was destroyed and
the consul himself was killed.
Due to the defeat of Carbo, the road to pillage sunny Italy
was laid open for the marauding Cimbri, but being
organizationally deficient like most brutish Germans of
this era, they turned west and meandered into Gaul. On
their way, they came into contact with several other Roman
armies. The Cimbri defeated consul Marcus
Junius Silanus at
Narbo. Later that same year, they defeated and killed
consul Gaius
Cassius Longinus at
Burdigala (modern Bordeaux)
Once again, faced with adversity, the Roman citizens made
the sacrifices necessary and levied two large armies that
moved north and confronted the Cimbri at Arausio with
the Rhône
River at their
back. One army was led by consul Gnaeus
Manlius Maximus, the
other by proconsul Quintus
Servilius Caepio. Even
though Manlius outranked Caepio, the two refused to
coordinate with each other. The Senate ordered them to work
out their differences, but their face-to-face meeting just
heightened the animosity. As the two armies were camped in
front of the Cimbri nation, the Germans were awed by the
majesty of two consular armies. Once again, they sued for
peace in exchange for land to settle. Manlius met with the
Cimbri negotiators. Caepio, afraid that his colleague would
get the credit for subjugating the Cimbri, immediately
ordered his army to the attack. The Cimbri first defeated
Caepio’s divided army, then Manlius’ army.
Battle
of Arausio was even
more devastating then Cannae. The Romans lost approximately
80,000 citizen soldiers as well as another 40,000
non-combatants who were slaughtered when the Cimbri took
the Roman camps.
Back in Rome, the people were in terror. As children, they
were told dreaded stories of Gauls descending on Rome and
burning it to the ground. They expected to awake every
morning to see the Cimbri nation, the new Gauls, camped
outside the undefended gates of Rome. Nothing stood in the
way of a Germanic conquest of Italy. However, the Cimbri,
still being "organizationally deficient," turned west and
pillaged the Spanish tribes in the Pyrenees mountains. The
Roman Senate once again passed a decree shortening the
period of mourning for the dead, and ship captains were
prohibited from transporting men of military age out of the
city for any reason. Even the revered constitution was put
into abeyance and Rome’s most successful general, Gaius
Marius, the man who finally subdued Jugurtha, was elected
consul four years in a row – in direct violation of the
prohibition against any one man serving for more than one
year in a row.
It was not until three years later that the Cimbri, along
with their proto-Germanic allies the Teutons, Ambrones and
the Tigurines finally decided to invade Italy. The plan
called for the Teutons and the Ambrones to cross the Alps
through the western passes, while the Cimbri and the
Tigurines would take a northern route across the
Rhine
and
later across the Tyrolian
Alps.
The two armies were to join together in the Po valley and
start enjoying the warmer climate immediately and on a
permanent basis.
Marius,
who had been given time to raise a new army and train them
for the struggle ahead, was waiting in a fortified camp on
the Isère
River. The
invading columns of Teutons and Ambrones bypassed the Roman
army and continued their march into Italy. Marius left his
encampment, followed the invaders, and attacked at Aquae
Sextiae. Marius won two victories, destroyed the invaders
and took the Teuton king, Teutobod, captive.
In the meantime, the Cimbri circumnavigated the Swiss Alps
and descended from the northern passes into the Po Valley.
Marius’ fellow consul, Quintus
Lutatius Catulus, who
had instructions to defend the passes, retreated to behind
the Po river. The Cimbri, being "organizationally
deficient," did not press the attack, but enjoyed the nice
weather in the Po Valley. This gave Marius and the victors
of Aquae Sextiae time to arrive with reinforcements. The
Cimbri nation’s long journey up, down and across Europe
came to an end at the Battle
of Vercellae, near
the confluence of the Sesia and Po
Rivers. The
Cimbri’s defeat was total. Their chieftains
Lugius
and
Boiorix
died.
The women killed both themselves and their children in
order to avoid slavery. An entire nation disappeared off
the face of the planet.