The First Germanic Consonant Shift

Grimm's Law and Verner's Law


Grimm's Law
IE
Gmc
IE
Gmc
IE
Gmc
bh
b
p
f
b
p
dh
d
t
θ
d
t
gh
g
k
x ->h
g
k



Verner's Law
IE
Gmc
(WGmc)
p
b
t
ð
d
k
g
s
r

Applies when the consonant is both in a voiced environment and follows an unstressed vowel.