FOOTNOTES FOR THE INTRODUCTION

[1]Charles Dunoyer, L'Industrie et la morale considérées dans leurs rapports avec la liberté (Paris: A. Sautelet, 1825), pp. 181, 182, 185.

[2]Benjamin Constant, "De l'esprit de conquête et de l'usurpation dans leurs rapports avec la civilisation européene" (1814) in De la liberté chez les modernes, ed. Marcel Gauchet (Paris: Livre de poche, 1980).

[3]John Stuart Mill, Principles of Political Economy (1848), ed. Donald Winch (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1970); Essays in French History and Historians. Collected Works of John Stuart Mill, ed. John M. Robson (University of Toronto Press, 1985); The Subjection of Women, ed. Kate Soper (London: Virago, 1983).

[4] Richard Cobden, Speeches on Questions of Public Policy by Richard Cobden, M.P., ed. John Bright and J.E. Thorold Rogers (1870) (New York: Kraus Reprint, 1970) and The Political Writings of Richard Cobden, ed. Naomi Churgin Miller (New York: Garland Publishing, 1973).

[5] Seymour Drescher, Dilemmas of Democracy: Tocqueville and Modernization (University of Pittsburgh Press, 1968); Tocqueville and Beaumont on Social Reform, ed. Seymour Drescher (New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1968). Roger Boesche, "The Strange Liberalism of Alexis de Tocqueville," History of Political Thought, 1981, vol. 11, pp. 495-524; "Tocqueville and Le Commerce: A Newspaper expressing his unusual Liberalism," Journal of the History of Ideas, 1983, vol. XLIV, no. 2, pp. 277-92; "Why did Tocqueville fear Abundance? or the Tension between Commerce and Citizenship," History of European Ideas, 1988, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 25-45; Reconsidering Tocqueville's Democracy in America, ed. Abraham S. Eisenstadt (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1988).

[6]John Gray, Liberalism (Milton Keynes: Open University Press, 1986).

[7]Thomas Hodgskin, The Natural and Artificial Right of Property Contrasted... (London: B. Steil, 1832) reprinted (Clifton, New Jersey: Augustus M. Kelley, 1973).

[8]Other accounts of liberalism share Gray's reluctance to examine liberal notions of class and social evolution. For Manning, Arblaster, and Bramsted and Melhuish, the economic dimension of nineteenth century liberalism is poorly treated, whilst the social dimension is all but ignored. D.J. Manning, Liberalism (London: J.M. Dent and Sons, 1976); Anthony Arblaster, The Rise and Decline of Western Liberalism (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1984), Western Liberalism: A History in Documents from Locke to Croce, ed. E.K. Bramsted and K.J. Melhuish (London: Longman, 1978).

[9]John Gray, "The Idea of Spontaneous Order," Hayek on Liberty (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1984), pp. 27-55.

[10]Friedrich Hayek, The Counter-Revolution of Science: Studies in the Abuse of Reason (Indianapolis: Liberty Press, 1979).