Topic I

Early Development of Archaeology: Speculative & Descriptive Periods

Johnson pp. x-11; 188-195

Trigger pp. xiii-72

Feder, K. L.

1990            Epistemology: How You Know What you Know . In Frauds, Myths, and Mysteries , pp. 9-26. Mayfield, Mountain View, Ca.

Tyler, E. B.

1871               Primitive Culture . J. Murray, London. (selections)

Morgan, L. H.

1877               Ancient Society . Henry Holt, New York. (selections)

Topic II              

Culture History: Time & Space

Preucel & Hodder pp. 1-20

Trigger pp. 73-147

Whitley pp. 1-28

Lyman, R. L., M. J. O’Brien, and R. C. Dunnell

1997       The Rise and Fall of Culture History . Plenum Press, New York. (pp. 1-12)

Kidder, A. V.

1924       An Introduction to the Study of Southwestern Archaeology . Yale, New Haven.

Steward, J. H.

1929            Diffusion and Independent Invention. American Anthropologist 31:491-495.

Radcliffe-Brown, A. R.

1935       On the Concept of Function in Social Science. American Anthropologist 37:394-402.

McKern, W.

1939       The Midwestern Taxonomic Method as an Aid to Archaeological Culture Study. American Antiquity 4:301-313.

Radcliffe-Brown, A. R.

1940       On Social Structure. Structure and Function in Primitive Society, pp.188-204.

Topic III              

Culture History and the Importance of Typologies

Trigger pp. 148-206

Lyman, R. L., M. J. O’Brien, and R. C. Dunnell

1997       The Rise and Fall of Culture History . Plenum Press, New York. (pp. 207-225)

Ford, J. A.

1936       The Type Concept Revisited. American Anthropologist 56:42-54.

Krieger, A.

1944       The Typological Concept. American Antiquity 9(271-288).

Spaulding, A. C.

1953               Statistical Techniques for the Discovery of Artifact Types. American Antiquity 18:305-311.

Ford, J. A.

1954               Comment on A. C. Spaulding, "Statistical Techniques for the Discovery of Artifact Types". American Antiquity 19:390-391.

Spaulding, A. C.

1954       Reply to Ford. American Antiquity 19(391-393).

Rouse, I. B.

1955       On the Correlation of Phases of Culture. American Anthropologist 57:713-722.

Rouse, I. B.

1960       The Classification of Artifacts in Archaeology. American Antiquity 25:313-323.

Topic IV              

Emerging Materialist & Ecological Perspectives in Archaeology

Trigger pp. 207-243

Steward, J. H., and F. M. Seltzer

1938               Function and Configuration in Archaeology. American Antiquity 4:4-10.

Steward, J. H.

1942       The Direct Historical Approach to Archaeology. American Antiquity 7:337-343.

1949            Cultural Causality and Law: A Trial Formulation for the Development of Early Civilizations. American Anthropologist 51:1-27.

White, L. A.

1949       The Science of Culture . Grove, New York. (selections)

Steward, J. H.

1955       The Concept and Method of Cultural Ecology. Theory of Culture Change: The Methodology of Multilineal Evolution :30-42.

Willey, G. R., and Phillip Phillips

1955            Method and Theory in American Archaeology. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Phillips, P.

1955            American Archaeology and General Anthropological Theory. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 11:246-250.

White, L. A.

1959       The Evolution of Culture . McGraw-Hill, New York. (selections)

Topic V              

Dissatisfaction with Culture History & The Origins of Processual Archaeology

Johnson pp. 12-33

Preucel & Hodder pp. 23-38

Taylor (skim the entire book)

Trigger 244-288

Strong, W. D.

1936            Anthropological Theory and Archaeological Fact . In Essays in Anthropology , edited by R. H. Lowie, pp. 359-370. University of California Press, Berkeley.

Kluckholn, C.

1940       The Conceptual Structure in Middle American Studies . In The Maya and Their Neighbors: Essays on Middle American Anthropololgy and Archaeology , edited by C. L. Hay, pp. 41-51. Appleton-Century, New York.

Adams, R. M.

1956       Some Hypotheses on the Development of Early Civilizations. American Antiquity 21:227-232.

Binford, L. R.

1962            Archaeology as Anthropology. American Antiquity 28:217-225.

Longacre, W. A.

1964            Archaeology as Anthropology: A Case Study. Science 144:1454-1455.

Binford, L. R.

1965            Archaeological Systematics and the Study of Culture Process. American Antiquity 31:203-210.

Flannery, K. V.

1967            Culture History versus Culture Process: A Debate in American Archaeology. Scientific American 217:119-122.

Topic VI              

Processual Archaeology and Cultural Explanation

Johnson pp. 34-47

Preucel & Hodder pp. 39-96

Trigger pp. 289-328

Chang, K. C.

1967       Major Aspects of the Interrelationship of Archaeology and Ethnology. Current Anthropology 8:227-234.

Flannery, K. V.

1967            Archaeological Systems Theory and Early Mesoamerica . In Anthropological Theory in the Americas , edited by B. Meggers, pp. 67-87. Anthropological Society of Washington, Washington DC.

Allen, W. L., and R. B. Richardson III

1971       The Reconstruction of Kinship from Archaeological Data: The Concepts, The Methods. American Antiquity 36:41-53.

Clarke, D. L.

1972            Models and Paradigms in Contemporary Archaeology . In Models in Archaeology , edited by D. L. Clarke, pp. 1-12. Methuen, London.

Flannery, K. V.

1973            Archaeology with a Capital S . In Research and Theory in Current Archaeology , edited by C. L. Redman, pp. 47-53. Willey, New York.

Gummerman, G. J., and David A. Phillips

1978            Archaeology Beyond Anthropology. American Antiquity 43:184-191.

Redman, C. L. (editor)

1978            Social Archaeology: Beyond Subsistence and Dating . Academic Press, New York.

Meltzer, D.

1979            Paradigms and the Nature of Change in American Archaeology. American Antiquity 44:644-657.

Topic VII              

Processual Archaeology and Cultural Explanation II

Johnson pp. 48-84

Preucel & Hodder pp. 99-188

Trigger pp. 329-369

Dunnell, R. C.

1982            Science, Social Science, and Common Sense: The Agonizing Dilemma of Modern Archaeology. Journal of Archaeological Research 38:1-25.

Flannery, K. V.

1982       The Golden Marshalltown: A Parable for the Archaeology of the 1980s. American Anthropologist 84:265-278.

Binford, L. R.

1981            Behavioral Archaeology and the "Pompeii Premise" in Archaeology. Journal of Archaeological Research 37:195-208.

Schiffer, M. B.

1985       Is there a "Pompeii Premise" in Archaeology? Journal of Archaeological Research 41:18-41.

Raab, L. M., and Albert C. Goodyear

1984            Middle-Range Theory in Archaeology: A Critical Review of Origins and Applications. American Antiquity 49:255-268.

Spaulding, A. C.

1988            Distinguished Lecture: Archaeology and Anthropology. American Anthropologist 90:263-271.

Redman, C. L.

1996            Distinguished Lecture in Archaeology: In Defense of the Seventies - The Adolescence of New Archaeology. American Anthropologist 93:295-307.

Watson, R. A.

1991       What the New Archaeology Has Accomplished. Current Anthropology 32:275-291.

Topic VIII              

Postprocessual Archaeology I

Johnson pp. 98-115

Whitley pp. 69-95; 119-130; 157-175

Hodder, I.

1982            Theoretical Archaeology: A Reactionary View . In Symbolic and Structural Archaeology , edited by I. Hodder, pp. 1-16. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

1985            Postprocessual Archaeology . In Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory, vol. 8 , edited by M. B. Schiffer, pp. 1-26. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.

1991            Reading the Past, 2nd edition . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. (selections)

Rowlands, M.

1984            Objectivity and Subjectivity in Archaeology . In Marxist Theory in Archaeology , edited by M. Spriggs, pp. 108-113. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Leone, M., Parker Potter, and P. Shackel

1987            Toward a Critical Archaeology. Current Anthropology 28(283-302).

Earle, T. K., and Robert W. Pruecel

1987            Processual Archaeology and the Radical Critique. Current Anthropology 28:501-438.

Shanks, M., and C. Tilley

1992       Re-Constructing Archaeology (2 nd edition). Routledge, New York. (selections)

Topic IX              

Postprocessual Archaeology II

Binford, L. R.

1988            Review of Reading the Past. American Antiquity 53:875-876.

1989            Science to Séance, or Processual to "Post-Processual" Archaeology . In Debating Archaeology , edited by L. R. Binford, pp. 27-40. Academic Press, San Diego.

Hodder, I.

1991            Review of Debating Archaeology. Journal of Field Archaeology 18:383-387.

1991            Interpretive Archaeology and Its Role. American Antiquity 56:7-18.

1991            Postprocessual Archaeology and the Current Debate . In Processual and Postprocessual Archaeologies: Multiple Ways of Knowing the Past , edited by R. W. Preucel, pp. 30-41. Center for Archaeological Investigations, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale.

Tilley, C.

1992            Review of Debating Archaeology. American Antiquity 57:164-166.

Pruecel, R. W.

1995       The Postprocessual Condition. Journal of Archaeological Research 3:147-175.

Wilkie, L. A., and K. M. Bartoy

2000       A Critical Archaeology Revisited. Current Anthropology 41:747-777.

Topic X              

Cognitive Archaeology

Johnson pp. 85-97

Preucel & Hodder pp. 298-349, 364-412

Whitley pp. 31-34; 49-68; 132-155

Kohl, P. L.

1985            Symbolic Cognitive Archaeology: A New Loss of Innocence. Dialectical Anthropology 9:105-117.

Leone, M. P.

1982       Some Opinions on Recovering Mind. American Antiquity 47:742-760.

Renfrew, A. C.

1994            Towards a Cognitive Archaeology . In The Ancient Mind: Elements of a Cognitive Archaeology , edited by A. C. R. a. E. B. W. Zubrow, pp. 3-12. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Topic XI              

Archaeology and Gender

Johnson pp. 116-131

Preucel & Hodder pp. 415-515

Whitley pp. 219-249

Wylie, A.

1991            Gender Theory and the Archaeological Record: Why is There no Archaeology of Gender? In Engendering Archaeology , edited by J. M. G. a. M. W. Conkey. Blackwell, Oxford.

Brumfiel, E. M.

1992            Distinguished Lecture in Archaeology: Breaking and Entering the Ecosystem- Gender, Class, and Faction Steal the Show. American Anthropologist 94:551-567.

McCafferty, S. D., and G. G. McCafferty

1994            Engendering Tomb 7 at Monte Alban. Current Anthropology 35:143-166.

Topic XII              

Neo-Darwinian Archaeology

Johnson pp. 132-148

Preucel & Hodder pp. 205-296

Demarest, A. A.

1989            Ideology and Evolutionism in American Archaeology: Looking Beyond the Economic Base . In Archaeological Thought in America , edited by C. C. Lambert-Karlovsky, pp. 89-102. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

O'Brien, M. J., and T. D. Holland

1992       The Role of Adaptation in Archaeological Explanation. American Antiquity 57:36-59.

1996       The Historical Development of an Evolutionary Archaeology: A Selectionist Approach . In Darwinian Archaeologies , edited by H. D. G. Maschner, pp. 17-32. Plenum Press, New York.

Boone, J., and E. A. Smith

1998       Is it Evolution Yet? A Critique of Evolutionary Archaeology. Current Anthropology 39:141-173.

Lyman, R. L., and Michael J. O'Brien

1998       The Goals of Evolutionary Archaeology: History and Explanation. Current Anthropology 39:615-652.

Leonard, R. D.

2001            Evolutionary Archaeology . In Archaeological Theory Today , edited by I. Hodder, pp. 65-97. Polity Press, Cambridge.

Bamforth, D. B.

2002            Evidence and Metaphor in Evolutionary Archaeology. American Antiquity 67:435-452.

Topic XIII              

Neo-Marxist Archaeology

Whitley pp. 253-298

Kohl, P. L.

1981            Materialist Approaches in Prehistory. Annual Reviews of Anthropology 10:89-118.

Gilman, A.

1989            Marxism in American Archaeology . In Archaeological Thought in America , edited by C. C. Lambert-Karlovsky, pp. 63-73. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

McGuire, R.

1992       A Marxist Archaeology . Academic Press, New York. (selections)

1993            Archaeology and Marxism . In Archaeological Method and Theory, vol. 5 , edited by M. B. Schiffer, pp. 101-158. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.

Trigger, B. G.

1993            Marxism in Contemporary Western Archaeology . In Archaeological Method and Theory, vol. 5 , edited by M. B. Schiffer, pp. 159-200. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.

Matthews, C. N., Mark P. Leone, and Kurt A. Jordan

2002       The Political Economy of Archaeological Cultures: Marxism and American Historical Archaeology. Journal of Social Archaeology 2:109-134.

Topic XIV              

Archaeology & Historicism

Johnson pp. 149-161

Whitley pp. 179-216; 253-298

Bender, B.

1989       The Roots of Inequality . In Domination and Resistance , edited by M. R. Daniel Miller, and Christopher Tilley, pp. 83-95. Unwin Hyman, London.

Paynter, R.

1989       The Archaeology of Equality and Inequality. Annual Reviews of Anthropology 18:369-399.

Fletcher, R.

1992       Time Perspectives, Annales, and the Potential of Archaeology . In Archaeology, Annales, and Ethnohistory , edited by A. B. Knapp, pp. 35-49. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Clark, J. E., and Michael Blake

1994       The Power of Prestige: Competitive Generosity and the Emergence of Rank Societies in Lowland Mesoamerica . In Factional Competition and Political Development in the New World , edited by E. M. B. a. J. W. Fox, pp. 17-30. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Patterson, T. C.

1996            Archaeology, History, and the Concept of Totality: Marxist Analyses and the Rise of Civilization. Journal of Theoretical Archaeology 5-6:1995-1996.

Pauketat, T. R.

2001            Practice and History in Archaeology. Anthropological Theory 1:73-98.

Topic XV              

Social Contexts and Archaeology

Johnson pp. 162-187

Preucel & Hodder pp. 519-598

Trigger pp. 370-411

Whitley pp. 301-337

Arnold, B.

1990       The Past as Propaganda: Totalitarian Archaeology in Nazi Germany. Antiquity 64:464-478.

Paynter, R., and Randall McGuire

1991       The Archaeology of Inequality: Material Culture, Domination, and Resistance . In Archaeology of Inequality , edited by R. M. a. R. Paynter, pp. 1-27. Blackwell, Oxford.

Trigger, B.

1995            Romanticism, Nationalism, and Archaeology . In Nationalism, Politics, and the Practice of Archaeology , edited by P. L. K. a. C. Fawcett, pp. 263-279. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Kohl, P. L.

1998            Nationalism and Archaeology: On the Construction of Nations and the Reconstruction of the Remote Past. Annual Reviews of Anthropology 27:223-246.

Dobres, M.-A., and Jonathon E. Robb

2000            Agency and Archaeology: Paradigm or Platitude? In Agency in Archaeology , edited by M.-A. Dobres, and Jonathon E. Robb. Routledge, London.

Gillespie, S. D.

2001            Personhood, Agency, and Mortuary Ritual: A Case Study from the Ancient Maya. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 20:73-112.

Topic XVI              

Conflict & Consensus in Archaeological Theory

Johnson pp. 176-187

Preucel & Hodder pp. 601-678

Lightfoot, K., Antoinette Martinez, and Ann M. Schiff

1998       Daily Practice and Material Culture in Pluralistic Social Settings: An Archaeological Study of Culture Change and Resistance from Fort Ross, California. American Antiquity 63:199-222.

VanPool, C. S., and T.L. VanPool

1999       The Scientific Nature of Postprocessualism. American Antiquity 64:33-53.

Arnold, P. J. I., and B. S. Wilkins

2001       On the VanPools' "scientific" Postprocessualism. American Antiquity 66:361-366.

Hutson, S. R.

2001            Synergy through Disunity, Science as Social Practice: Comments on VanPool and VanPool. American Antiquity 66:349-360.

Wylie, A.

2000            Questions of Evidence, Legitimacy, and the (Dis)Unity of Science. American Antiquity 65:227-237.

Meskill, L.

2002            Archaeologies of Identity . In Archaeological Theory Today , edited by I. Hodder, pp. 187-213. Polity Press, Cambridge.

2002       The Intersections of Identity and Politics in Archaeology. Annual Reviews of Anthropology 31:279-301.