FRENCH REGALIA Almost all French regalia, including the coronation crown of the French kings, called the Crown of Charlemagne, were stolen and then destroyed during the French Revolution. The only important items of the French regalia which survived the Revolution is the Joyeuse, the coronation sword of the French kings (10th-11th c.), the sceptre of Charles V (14th c., formerly in the treasury of St Denis Abbey), the Ampulla (Sainte Ampoule) and the coronation crown of Louis XV (1722). They are displayed at the Louvre in Paris. The Crown of King Louis XV (reproduced courtesy of Mr Alexander Kosmala), the sceptre of King Charles V and the Joyeuse, the coronation sword of French kings. ©ARB Other items of the French regalia at Louvre include the crown of Charlemagne made for display during Napoleon I’s coronation (1804), Napoleon I's sceptre from 1804 (so called Hand of Justice), the imperial throne of Napoleon I, Charles X’s coronation sword (the sword was stolen in the 1970s and never found) and the crown of Empress Eugenia (1855), consort of Napoleon III. Charles X had a crown for symbolic display made for his coronation in 1825. The Crown of Napoleon III was broken up in 1886. Many of the surviving French Crown Jewels were sold by the French government in 1883. The crown of the Dauphin Louis used at the coronation of his father, Charles X in 1825, is believed to exist, but its wherabouts are not known. Charlemagne's Crown and the Hand of Justice made for Napoleon I's coronation. The imperial throne of Napoleon I. ©ARB FRENCH CORONATIONS IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER (Year, venue, name of the crowned): 751 SOISSONS: Pepin III the Short 754 REIMS: Charlemagne and Carloman I 816 REIMS: Louis I the Debonair 869 METZ: Charles II the Bald 877 COMPIÈGNE: Louis II the Stammerer (first coronation) 878 TROYES: Louis II the Stammerer (second coronation) 879 FERRIERES-EN-GATINAIS: Louis III and Carloman 888 COMPIÈGNE: Eudes893 REIMS: Charles III the Simple 922 REIMS: Robert I 923 SOISSONS: Rudolph of Burgundy 936 LAON: Louis IV 954 REIMS: Lothair 979 COMPIÈGNE: Louis V the Sluggard 987 NOYON: Hugh Capet 987 ORLEANS: Robert II the Pious 1027 REIMS: Henry I 1059 REIMS: Philip I 1108 ORLEANS: Louis VI the Fat 1129 REIMS: Philip 1131 REIMS: Louis VII the Young 1152 REIMS: Constance of Castile, consort of Louis VII the Young 1179 REIMS: Philip II Augustus 1180 REIMS: Isabella of Hainaut, consort of Philip II Augustus 1223 REIMS: Louis VIII the Lion and Blanche of Castile 1226 REIMS: Louis IX the Holy 1271 REIMS: Philip III the Bold 1285 REIMS: Philip IV the Fair 1315 REIMS: Louis X the Quarreler 1316 REIMS: Philip V the Tall 1321 REIMS: Charles IV the Fair 1328 REIMS: Philip VI 1350 REIMS: John II the Good 1364 REIMS: Charles V the Wise and Joanna of Bourbon 1380 REIMS: Charles VI the Mad 1429 REIMS: Charles VII 1461 REIMS: Louis XI 1484 REIMS: Charles VIII 1498 REIMS: Louis XII 1514 ST DENIS: Mary of England, consort of Louis XII 1515 REIMS: Francis I 1547 REIMS: Henry II 1559 REIMS: Francis II 1561 REIMS: Charles IX 1575 REIMS: Henry III 1594 CHARTRES: Henry IV 1610 REIMS: Louis XIII 1654 REIMS: Louis XIV 1722 REIMS: Louis XV 1775 REIMS: Louis XVI 1804 PARIS: Napoleon I and Josephine 1825 REIMS: Charles X The Crown of Empress Eugenia. Paris, Palais du Louvre where the French regalia are kept. ©ARB FRENCH CORONATIONS CHARTRES CATHEDRAL (La cathédrale de Chartres): 1594: Henry IV The Cathedral of Chartres. ©ARB COMPIÈGNE, CHAPEL OF THE PALACE: 877: Louis II the Stammerer (first coronation) 888: Eudes 979: Louis V the Sluggard FERRIERES-EN-GATINAIS, ABBEY (Ferrieres en Gatinais, l'abbaye St Pierre St Paul): 879: Louis III and Carloman LAON, NOTRE DAME CATHEDRAL (La cathédrale Notre-Dame, Laon) : 936: Louis IV METZ, CATHEDRAL: 869: Charles II the Bald NOYON: 987: Hugh Capet ORLEANS, CATHEDRAL (La cathédrale de Orléans): 987: Robert II the Pious 1108: Louis VI the Fat The Cathedral of Orléans (reproduced courtesy of Mr Alexander Krischnig) PARIS, NOTRE DAME CATHEDRAL (Paris, la cathédrale Notre-Dame): 1430: Henry VI of England (crowned as King of France) 1804: Napoleon I and Josephine Paris, Notre Dame Cathedral (reproduced courtesy of Mr Wladyslaw Lowczyk) REIMS, ABBEY OF ST REMI (Reims, l'abbaye de St Remi): 893: Charles III the Simple 922: Robert I 954: Lothair REIMS, NOTRE DAME CATHEDRAL (Reims, la cathédrale Notre-Dame): 754: Charlemagne and Carloman I 816: Louis I the Debonair 1027: Henry I 1059: Philip I 1129: Philip 1131: Louis VII the Young 1152: Constance of Castile, consort of Louis VII the Young 1179: Philip II Augustus 1180: Isabella of Hainaut, consort of Philip II Augustus 1223: Louis VIII the Lion and Blanche of Castile 1226: Louis IX the Holy 1271: Philip III the Bold 1285: Philip IV the Fair 1315: Louis X the Quarreler 1316: Philip V the Tall 1321: Charles IV the Fair 1328: Philip VI 1350: John II the Good 1364: Charles V the Wise and Joanna of Bourbon 1380: Charles VI the Mad 1429: Charles VII 1461: Louis XI 1484: Charles VIII 1498: Louis XII 1515: Francis I 1547: Henry II 1559: Francis II 1561: Charles IX 1575: Henry III 1610: Louis XIII 1654: Louis XIV 1722: Louis XV 1775: Louis XVI 1825: Charles X Louis XVIII, Louis Philip I and Napoleon III were never crowned SAINT-DENIS, BASILICA (La basilique Saint-Denis): 1514: Mary of England, consort of Louis XII The Basilica of Saint Denis. ©ARB SOISSONS, ABBEY OF ST MEDARD (Soissons, l'abbaye de Saint-Médard; demolished in the past): 751: Pepin III the Short 923: Rudolph of Burgundy TROYES: 878: Louis II the Stammerer (second coronation) FRENCH ROYAL RESIDENCES (The list includes only the most important and existing royal residences) CHAMBORD: The Royal Castle of Chambord (a hunting lodge built for King Francis I in 16th century). Château de Chambord (reproduced courtesy of Mr Alexander Krischnig) COMPIÈGNE: Palais de Compiègne (royal and imperial residence, the favourite residence of Emperor Napoleon III). FONTAINEBLEAU: Palais de Fontainebleau (residence of French kings since the 16th c., now a museum). PARIS: Palais du Louvre (official royal residence until 1682, now a museum). Paris, Palais du Louvre. ©ARB PARIS: Luxembourg Palace (Palais du Luxembourg; royal residence 17th-18th c., now seat of the French Senate). Paris, Luxembourg Palace. ©ARB PARIS: Château de Vincennes (royal residence 12th-17th centuries, now a museum). Paris, Château de Vincennes. ©ARB PAU: The Royal Castle of Kings of France and Navarre (Le château royal de Pau; former royal residence dating back to 12th-19th c., now housing a museum). Pau, the Royal Castle. ©ARB RUEIL-MALMAISON: Château de Malmaison (summer residence of Emperor Napoleon I and Empress Josephine, now a museum). Château de Malmaison. ©ARB SAINT-GERMAIN-EN-LAYE: Château de St-Germain-en-Laye (one of the principal royal residences before 1682, now a museum). Château de St-Germain-en-Laye. ©ARB VERSAILLES: Château de Versailles (the official royal residence since 1682, now a museum). Château de Versailles (reproduced courtesy of Mr Wladyslaw Lowczyk)