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LIST OF GERMAN SOVEREIGNS 843-1918 CONRADINE DYNASTY (Konradiner) 911-918: CONRAD I (Konrad I.) Born in 918 at Weilburg. Father: Duke Conrad of the Franks. Mother: Princess Glismut. Married in 913 Kunigunde of Swabia. Died in 918. Buried in Fulda Abbey. His consort Queen Kunigunde was buried in Lorsch Abbey. SAXON DYNASTY (Ludolfinger) 919-936: HENRY I THE FOWLER (Heinrich I.) Born in c. 876. Father: Duke Otto I of Saxony. Mother: Duchess Hedvig. Married firstly in 906 Hatheburg. Divorced in 909. Married secondly in 909 St Matilda of Ringelheim (*c. 895,+968). He was never crowned. His issue who reigned: -OTTO I (*912,+973; son of Matilda), -Gerberga (+984; Queen of West Franks; daughter of Matilda). Died in 936 at Memleben (now Saxony-Anhalt). Buried with his Queen Matilda in the Church of St Servatius in Quedlinburg. 936-973: OTTO I THE GREAT (Otto I. der Grosse; Roman Emperor from 962) Born in 912. Father: King Henry I of Germany. Mother: Queen St Matilda. Married firstly in c. 930 Princess Edith of England (*910/13,+946/47). Married secondly in 951 Adelaide of Burgundy (+999). He and his consort Edith of England were crowned king and queen in 936 in Aix-la-Chapelle Cathedral. He and his consort Adelaide of Burgundy were crowned emperor and empress in 962 in St Peter's Basilica in Rome. His issue who reigned: OTTO II (*955,+983; son of Adelaide). Died in 973 at Memleben. Buried with his first consort Queen Edith of England in Magdeburg Cathedral. His second consort Empress Adelaide was buried in Seltz Abbey. 973-983: OTTO II (Roman Emperor from 967) Born in 955. Father: King and Emperor Otto I of Germany. Mother: Queen and Empress Adelaide of Burgundy. Married in 972 Princess Theophano of Byzantium (+991). He was crowned king in 961 in Aix-la-Chapelle Cathedral. He was crowned emperor in 967 in St Peter's Basilica in Rome. His consort Theophano was crowned empress in 972 in St Peter's Basilica in Rome. His issue who reigned: OTTO III (*980,+1002). Died in 983 in Rome. Buried in St Peter's Basilica in Rome. His consort Empress Theophano was buried in St Pantaleon's Abbey in Cologne. 983-1002: OTTO III (Roman Emperor from 996) Born in 980 in Kessel, now the Netherlands. Father: King and Emperor Otto II of Germany. Mother: Queen and Empress Theophano of Byzantium. Unmarried. He was crowned king in 983 in Aix-la-Chapelle Cathedral. He was crowned emperor in 996 in St Peter's Basilica in Rome. Died in 1002 in Paterno, Italy. Buried in Aix-la-Chapelle Cathedral. 1002-1024: HENRY II (Heinrich II.; Roman Emperor from 1014) Born in 973 in Abbach. Father: Duke Henry the Quarrelsome of Bavaria. Mother: Duchess Gisela of Burgundy. Married Countess Kunigunde of Luxembourg (*c. 975,+1033 Kaufungen). He was crowned king in 1002 in Mainz Cathedral. His consort Kunigunde was crowned queen in 1002 in Paderborn Cathedral. He and his consort Kunigunde were crowned emperor and empress in 1014 in St Peter's Basilica in Rome. Died in 1024 at Bamberg. Buried with his Empress and Queen Kunigunde in Bamberg Cathedral. SALIAN DYNASTY (Salier) 1024-1039: CONRAD II (Konrad II.; Roman Emperor from 1027) Born in c. 990. Father: Count Henry of Speyer. Mother: Adele of Metz. Married in 1016 Gisela of Swabia (*989,+1043 Goslar). He was crowned king in 1024 in Mainz Cathedral. He and his consort Gisela were crowned emperor and empress in 1027 in St Peter's Basilica in Rome. His consort Gisela was crowned in 1024 in Cologne Cathedral. His issue who reigned: -HENRY III (*1017,+1056), -Matilda (+1034; Queen of France). Died in 1039 in Utrecht. Buried with his Empress and Queen Gisela in Speyer Cathedral.  King and Emperor Henry III 1039-1056: HENRY III (Heinrich III.; Roman Emperor from 1046) Born in 1017. Father: Emperor and King Conrad II of Germany. Mother: Empress Gisela of Swabia. Married firstly in 1036 at Nijmegen Princess Gunhild of Denmark-England (*1019,+1038). Married secondly in 1043 Agnes of Poitou (*1024,+1077). He was crowned king in 1028 in Aix-la-Chapelle Cathedral. His second consort Agnes of Poitou was crowned queen in 1043 in Mainz Cathedral. He and his second consort Agnes were crowned emperor and empress in 1046 in St Peter's Basilica in Rome. His issue who reigned: -HENRY IV (*1050,+1106; son of Agnes), -Judith (*1054,+after 1105; Queen of Hungary and Duchess of Poland; daughter of Agnes). Died in 1056 at Bodfeld. Buried in Speyer Cathedral. His heart was firstly buried in the Church of Saints Simon and Judas in Goslar, later reburied in St Ulrich's Chapel in Goslar. His first consort Princess Gunhild of Denmark was buried in the Limburg Abbey at Bad Dürkheim. His second consort Empress Agnes was buried in St Peter's Basilica in Rome. 1056-1106: HENRY IV (Heinrich IV.; Roman Emperor from 1084) Born in 1050. Father: Emperor and King Henry III of Germany. Mother: Empress Agnes of Poitou. Married firstly in 1066 Bertha of Savoy (c. 1051,+1087). Married secondly in 1089 in Cologne Princes Praxedis-Adelaide of Kiev (+1109). He was crowned king in 1054 in Aix-la-Chapelle Cathedral. His first consort Bertha of Savoy was crowned queen in 1066 at Würzburg. He and his first consort Bertha were crowned emperor and empress in 1084 in St Peter's Basilica in Rome. His issue who reigned: -Agnes (*1072/73,+1143; Margravine of Austria; daughter of Bertha), -HENRY V (*1086,+1125; son of Bertha). Died in 1106 at Liège. Buried with his first consort Empress Bertha in Speyer Cathedral. His second consort Empress Adelaide was buried in the Monastery of the Caves in Kiev. 1106-1125: HENRY V (Heinrich V.; Roman Emperor from 1111) Born in 1086. Father: Emperor and King Henry IV of Germany. Mother: Empress Bertha of Savoy. Married in 1114 at Mainz Princess Matilda of England (*1102 Winchester,+1167 Rouen). He was crowned king in 1099 in Aix-la-Chapelle Cathedral. His consort Matilda of England was crowned queen twice in 1110 and 1114 at Mainz Cathedral. He and his consort Matilda were crowned emperor and empress in 1117 in St Peter's Basilica in Rome. Died in 1125 at Utrecht. Buried in Speyer Cathedral. His Queen and Empress Matilda of England was buried firstly in Bec Abbey near Rouen, then reburied in Notre Dame of Rouen. HOUSE OF SUPPLINBURG (Supplinburger)  King and Emperor Lothair III 1125-1137: LOTHAIR III (Lothar III.; Roman Emperor from 1133) Born in 1075. Father: Count Lothar of Supplinburg. Mother: Countess Hedwig von Frombach. Married in 1100 Richenza of Northeim (*c. 1087/89,+1141). He was crowned king in 1125 in Aix-la-Chapelle Cathedral. He and his consort Richenza were crowned emperor and empress in 1133 in the Basilica of St John Lateran in Rome. Died in 1137 at Breitenwang, Tyrol. Buried with his Queen and Empress Richenza at Königslutter Abbey. HOUSE OF HOHENSTAUFEN (Staufer) 1138-1152: CONRAD III (Konrad III.) Born in 1093 at Bamberg. Father: Duke Frederick I of Swabia. Mother: Duchess Agnes von Waiblingen. Married firstly in c. 1115 Gertrude of Komburg (+1130/31). Married secondly in 1136 Gertrude of Sulzbach (+1146 Hersfeld). He was crowned in 1138 in Aix-la-Chapelle Cathedral. Died in 1152 at Bamberg. Buried the Cathedral of Bamberg. His second consort Queen Gertrude of Sulzbach was buried in Ebrach Abbey. 1152-1190: FREDERICK I BARBAROSSA (Friedrich I. Barbarossa; Roman Emperor from 1155) Born in 1122 in Waiblingen or in Weingarten. Father: Duke Frederick II of Swabia. Mother: Duchess Judith of Bavaria. Married firstly in c. 1147 in Cheb, Bohemia Adelaide of Vohburg (*1122,+1190 Weissenau Abbey). Marriage was annulled in 1153. Married secondly in 1156 in Würzburg Beatrice of Burgundy (*c. 1145,+1184 Jouhe near Dole, Burgundy). He was crowned king in 1152 in Aix-la-Chapelle Cathedral. He was crowned emperor in 1155 (first time) in St Peter's Basilica in Rome. He and his Queen Beatrice were crowned emperor and empress of Germany in 1167 in St Peter's Basilica in Rome. His issue who reigned: -HENRY VI (*1165,+1197; son of Beatrice), -PHILIP (*c. 1177,+1208; son of Beatrice). Died in 1190 in the Saleph River (Göksu) in Cilicia (drowned). His flesh was buried in the Cathedral of St Peter in Antioch (now Turkey). His bones were buried in the Cathedral of Tyre (now Lebanon). His heart and entrails were buried in the Cathedral of Tarsus (now Turkey). His second consort Empress and Queen Beatrice of Burgundy was buried in the Cathedral of Speyer. 1190-1197: HENRY VI (Heinrich VI.; Roman Emperor, King of Sicily) Born in 1165 at Nijmegen. Father: Emperor and King Frederick I Barbarossa of Germany. Mother: Queen Beatrice of Burgundy. Married in 1186 in Milan the future Queen Constance of Sicily (*1154,+1198). He was crowned king in 1169 in Aix-la-Chapelle Cathedral. He and his Queen Constance were crowned emperor and empress of Germany in 1191 in St Peter's Basilica in Rome. His issue who reigned: FREDERICK II (*1194,+1250). Died in 1197 at Messina. Buried with his Empress and Queen Constance in Palermo Cathedral. 1198-1208: PHILIP OF SWABIA (Philipp von Schwaben) Born in c. 1177. Father: Emperor and King Frederick I Barbarossa of Germany. Mother: Queen Beatrice of Burgundy. Married in 1197 Dowager Queen of Sicily, Princess Irene of Byzantium (+1208 Hohenstaufen). He was crowned twice: in 1198 in Mainz Cathedral and in 1205 in Aix-la-Chapelle Cathedral. His issue who reigned: -Beatrice (*1198,+1212; Empress and Queen of Germany), -Kunigunde (*c. 1200,+1248; Queen of Bohemia), -Elizabeth (*c. 1203,+1235; Queen of Castile). Died in 1208 at Bamberg (murdered). He was buried in the Cathedral of Speyer. His Queen Irene was buried in the Abbey of Lorch. HOUSE OF GUELPH (Welfen) 1198-1215: OTTO IV (Roman Emperor from 1209) Born in c. 1175/77 in Normandy. Father: Duke Henry the Lion of Saxony. Mother: Duchess Matilda of England. Married firstly in 1212 at Nordhausen Princess Beatrice of Hohenstaufen (*1198,+1212 Nordhausen). Married secondly in 1214 in Maastricht Mary of Brabant (*c. 1190,+1260). He was crowned king in 1198 in Aix-la-Chapelle Cathedral. He was crowned emperor in 1209 in St Peter's Basilica in Rome. Deposed in 1215. Died in 1218 at Harzburg. Buried with his first consort Empress Beatrice in Brunswick Cathedral. His second consort Empress Mary was buried in St Peter's Church in Louvain. HOUSE OF HOHENSTAUFEN (Staufer) 1212-1250: FREDERICK II (Friedrich II.; Roman Emperor from 1220, King of Sicily as Frederick I Roger) Born in 1194 at Iesi. Father: Emperor and King Henry VI of Germany. Mother: Queen Constance of Sicily. Married firstly in 1209 in Messina Dowager Queen of Hungary Constance of Aragon (*1179,+1222 Catania). Married secondly in 1225 at Brindisi Queen Isabella II of Jerusalem (*1211,+1228 Andria). Married thirdly in 1235 at Worms Princess Isabella Plantagenet of England (*1214,+1241 Foggia). He was crowned twice as German king: in 1212 in Mainz Cathedral and in 1215 in Aix-la-Chapelle Cathedral. He was crowned as emperor with his first consort Queen Constance of Hungary in 1220 in St Peter's Basilica in Rome. His issue who reigned: CONRAD IV (*1228,+1254; son of Isabella II of Jerusalem). Died in 1250 at Castel Fiorentino. Buried with his first consort Queen Constance of Hungary in Palermo Cathedral. His two other queens Isabella II of Jerusalem and Isabella of England were buried in Andria Cathedral. 1248-1256: WILLIAM OF HOLLAND (Wilhelm von Holland)* Born in 1227. Father: Count Floris IV of Holland. Mother: Countess Mechtilde of Brabant. Married in 1252 Elizabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg (+1266). He was crowned in 1248 in Aix-la-Chapelle Cathedral. Died in 1256 in a battle near Hoogwoud (North Holland). Buried (in 1282) with his Queen Elizabeth in Middelburg Abbey. *not a member of the dynasty 1250-1254: CONRAD IV (Konrad IV.; King of Sicily) Born in 1228 at Andria. Father: King Frederick I Roger of Sicily. Mother: Queen Isabella II of Jerusalem. Married in 1246 at Vohburg Princess Elizabeth of Wittelsbach (*1227 Landshut,+1273). His issue who reigned: Conradin (*1252,+1268; King of Sicily). Died in 1254 near Lavello. Buried in the Cathedral of Messina. His consort Queen Elizabeth was buried in Stams Abbey, Tyrol. HOUSE OF PLANTAGENET (Haus Plantagenet) 1257-1272: RICHARD OF CORNWALL Born in 1209 at Winchester. Father: King John Lackland of England. Mother: Queen Isabella of Angoulême. Married firstly in 1231 at Fawley Isabella of Pembroke (*1200 Pembroke,+1240 Berkhamstead). Married secondly in 1243 in London Sanchia of Provence (*c. 1225 Aix-en-Provence,+1261 Berkhamstead). Married thirdly in 1269 in Kaiserslauten Beatrice of Falkenburg (*c. 1253 Falkenburg,+1277). He was crowned with his second consort Sanchia in 1257 at Aix-la-Chapelle Cathedral. Died in 1272 at Berkhamstead. Buried with his second consort Queen Sanchia in Hailes Abbey, Gloucestershire. His first consort Princess Isabella was buried in Beaulieu Abbey, Hampshire. His third consort Queen Beatrice was buried in the Church of Franciscan Friars Minor at Oxford. HOUSE OF BURGUNDY (Haus Burgund)  King Alfonso of Castile 1257-1273: ALFONSO OF CASTILE (Alfons X. von Kastilien; King of Castile) Born in 1221 at Toledo. Father: King Ferdinand III of Castile. Mother: Queen Elizabeth of Hohenstaufen. Married in 1246 in Valladolid Princess Yolande of Aragon (*1236,+1301 Roncesvalles). He was never crowned in Germany. His issue who reigned: Sancho IV (*1258,+1295; King of Castile). Deposed in 1273. Died in 1284 in Seville. Buried in the Cathedral of Seville. His heart was buried in the Cathedral of Murcia. His Queen Yolande of Aragon was buried in St Mary's Abbey at Roncesvalles. HOUSE OF HABSBURG (Habsburger)  King Rudolph I 1273-1291: RUDOLPH I (Rudolf I.; Duke of Austria) Born in 1218 at Limburg/Breisgau. Father: Count Albert IV of Habsburg. Mother: Countess Hedvig of Kyburg. Married firstly in 1253 in Alsace Countess Gertrude Anna of Hohenberg (*1225 Swabia,+1281 Vienna). Married secondly in 1284 at Besançon Duchess Agnes of Burgundy (*1270 Dijon,+1323 Chambly). He was crowned with his first consort Gertrude Anna in 1273 in Aix-la-Chapelle Cathedral. His issue who reigned: -ALBERT I *1255,+1308; son of Gertrude), -Clementia (*c. 1262,+1293; Queen of Naples; daughter of Gertrude), -Rudolph (*c. 1270,+1290; Duke of Austria; son of Gertrude), -Judith (*1271,+1297; Queen of Bohemia; daughter of Gertrude). Died in 1291 in Speyer. Buried in Speyer Cathedral. His first consort Queen Gertrude Anna was firstly buried in the Minster in Basel/Switzerland, later reburied in the Benedictine Monastery at St Paul im Lavanttal, Austria. His second consort Queen Agnes was buried in the Augustinian Convent in Paris. HOUSE OF NASSAU (Haus Nassau) 1292-1298: ADOLPHUS OF NASSAU (Adolf von Nassau) Born in c. 1255. Father: Count Walram II of Nassau. Mother: Countess Adelaide von Katzenelnbogen. Married in c. 1271 Imagina of Isenburg-Limburg (+c. 1313). He was crowned with his consort Imagina in 1292 in Aix-la-Chapelle Cathedral. Died in 1298 near Göllheim. Buried in the Cathedral of Speyer. His Queen Imagina was buried in the Franciscan Convent of Klarenthal near Wiesbaden. HOUSE OF HABSBURG (Habsburger) 1298-1308: ALBERT I HABSBURG (Albrecht I.; Duke of Austria) Born in c. 1255 at Rheinfelden. Father: Rudolph I, German king. Mother: Queen Gertrude Anna of Hohenberg. Married in c. 1276 in Vienna Princess Elizabeth of Carinthia (*c. 1262 Munich,+1313 Vienna). He was crowned in 1298 in Aix-la-Chapelle Cathedral. His issue who reigned: -Agnes (*1281,+1364; Queen of Hungary), -Rudolph I/III (*c. 1282,+1307; King of Bohemia, Duke of Austria), -FREDERICK THE HANDSOME (*c. 1289,+1330), -Leopold I (*1290,+1326; Duke of Austria), -Albert II the Lame (*1298,+1358; Duke of Austria), -Otto (*1301,+1339; Duke of Austria). Died in 1308 at Königsfelden near Brugg (murdered). Buried in Speyer Cathedral. His consort Queen Elizabeth of Carinthia was buried in the Benedictine Abbey at St Paul im Lavanttal. HOUSE OF LUXEMBOURG (Luxemburger) 1308-1313: HENRY VII (Heinrich VII.; Roman Emperor from 1312, Count of Luxembourg) Born in 1274 at Valenciennes. Father: Count Henry VI of Luxembourg. Mother: Countess Beatrice d'Avesnes. Married in 1292 at Tervuren Margaret of Brabant (*1276,+1311 Genoa). He was crowned with his consort Margaret in 1309 in Aix-la-Chapelle Cathedral (royal coronation). He was crowned emperor in 1312 in the Basilica of St John Lateran in Rome. His issue who reigned: -John (*1296,+1346; King of Bohemia), -Mary (*1304,+1324; Queen of France), -Beatrice (*1305,+1319; Queen of Hungary). Died in 1313 at Buonconvento near Siena. Buried in the Cathedral of Pisa. His Queen Margaret of Brabant was buried in the Church of St Francis di Castelletto in Genoa. HOUSE OF HABSBURG (Habsburger) 1314-1330: FREDERICK III THE HANDSOME (Friedrich III. der Schöne; Duke of Austria. Ruled together with Louis IV the Bavarian) Born in c. 1289 in Vienna. Father: Albert I, German king. Mother: Queen Elizabeth of Carinthia. Married in 1314 at Castle Gutenstein Princess Elizabeth (Isabella) of Aragon (*c. 1296 Montpellier,+1330 Vienna). He was crowned in 1314 in the Collegiate Church at Bonn. Died in 1330 at Gutenstein, Lower Austria. Buried in St Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna. His consort Queen Elizabeth of Aragon was buried in the Minorites Church in Vienna. HOUSE OF WITTELSBACH (Wittelsbacher) 1314-1347: LOUIS IV THE BAVARIAN (Ludwig IV. der Bayer; Roman Emperor from 1328. Ruled together with Frederick III the Handsome) Born in 1282 in Munich. Father: Duke Louis II of Upper Bavaria. Mother: Duchess Mechtild of Habsburg. Married firstly in c. 1309 Princess Beatrice of Silesia-Glogów (*c. 1292,+1322 Munich). Married secondly in 1324 in Cologne Countess Margaret of Hainaut (*1311,+1356 Le Quesnoy). He was crowned German king with his first consort Beatrice of Silesia-Glogów in 1314 in Aix-la-Chapelle Cathedral. He was crowned emperor in 1328 in the Basilica of St John Lateran in Rome. His issue who reigned: -Louis the Roman (*1330,+1365; Elector of Brandenburg; son of Margaret), -Otto the Sluggard (*1340/42,+1379; Elector of Brandenburg; son of Margaret), -Beatrice (*1344,+1359; Queen of Sweden; daughter of Margaret). Died in 1347 at Puch near Fürstenfeldbruck. Buried with his first consort Queen Beatrice of Silesia-Glogów in the Church of Our Lady in Munich. His heart was buried in Fürstenfeld Abbey at Fürstenfeldbruck. His second consort Empress and Queen Margaret of Hainaut was buried in the Franciscan Convent at Valenciennes, France. HOUSE OF LUXEMBOURG (Luxemburger) 1346-1378: CHARLES IV (Karl IV.; Roman Emperor from 1355, King of Bohemia, Count of Luxembourg) Born in 1316 in Prague. Father: King of Bohemia John of Luxembourg. Mother: Queen Elizabeth of Bohemia. Married firstly in 1329 in Prague Princess Blanche of Valois (*1316,+1348 Prague). Married secondly in 1349 Princess Anne of the Palatinate (*1329,+1353 Prague). Married thirdly in 1353 at Buda Princess Anne of Swidnica (*1339,+1362). Married fourthly in 1363 in Cracow Princess Elizabeth of Pomerania (*1347,+1393). He was firstly crowned in 1346 in Bonn Collegiate Church. He (second coronation) and his second consort Anne of the Palatinate were crowned in 1349 in Aix-la-Chapelle Cathedral. He (third coronation) and his third consort Anne of Swidnica were crowned in 1355 in St Peter's Basilica in Rome. His issue who reigned: -Margaret (*1335,+1349; Queen of Hungary and Poland; daughter of Blanche), -Catherine (*1342,+1395; Duchess of Austria; daughter of Blanche), -Elizabeth (*1358,+1373; Duchess of Austria; daughter of Anne of Swidnica), -WENCESLAUS (*1361,+1419; son of Anne of Swidnica). -Anne (*1366,+1394; Queen of England; daughter of Elizabeth), -SIGISMUND (*1368,+143; son of Elizabeth). Died in 1378 in Prague. Buried with his four queens in the Cathedral of St Vitus in Prague. 1378-1400: WENCESLAUS (Wenzel; King of Bohemia as Wenceslaus IV, Elector of Brandenburg, Duke of Luxembourg) Born in 1361 in Nuremberg. Father: Emperor and King Charles IV of Germany. Mother: Empress and Queen Anne of Swidnica. Married firstly in 1370 Joanna of Bavaria (*c. 1356,+1386 Karlstejn). Married secondly in 1389 in Prague Sophia of Bavaria (*1376,+1425 Bratislava). He and his first consort Joanna of Bavaria were crowned in 1376 in Aix-la-Chapelle Cathedral. Deposed in 1400. Died in 1419 at Kunratice near Prague. Buried with his first consort Queen Joanna of Bavaria in St Vitus' Cathedral in Prague. Earlier buried at Vysehrad's St Paul and Peter's Church, then in Zbraslav. In 1423 he was reburied in Prague. His second consort Queen Sophia of Bavaria was buried in St Martin's Cathedral in Bratislava. HOUSE OF WITTELSBACH (Wittelsbacher) 1400-1410: RUPERT (Ruprecht von der Pfalz) Born in 1352 at Amberg. Father: Ruprecht II of the Palatinate. Mother: Beatrice of Sicily. Married in 1374 at Amberg Elizabeth of Nuremberg (*1358,+1411 Heidelberg). He was crowned twice: in 1401 in Cologne Cathedral and in 1407 in Aix-la-Chapelle Cathedral. Died in 1410 at Castle Landskron near Oppenheim. Buried with his Queen Elizabeth in the Church of The Holy Spirit in Heidelberg. HOUSE OF LUXEMBOURG (Luxemburger) 1410-1411: JOBST OF MORAVIA (Jobst von Mähren; Elector of Brandenburg, Duke of Luxembourg) Born in c. 1351. Father: Margrave John Henry of Moravia. Mother: Margaret of Opava. Married firstly in 1372 Princess Elizabeth of Opole (*1360,+c. 1374). Married secondly Princess Agnes of Opole (+before 1413). He was never crowned as he died prior to his coronation. Died in 1411 in Brno, Moravia. Buried in the Church of St Thomas in Brno. 1410-1437: SIGISMUND OF LUXEMBOURG (Sigismund von Luxemburg; Roman Emperor from 1433, King of Bohemia, Croatia and Hungary, Elector of Brandenburg) Born in 1368 in Nuremberg. Father: Emperor Charles IV. Mother: Empress Elizabeth of Pomerania. Married firstly in 1385 Queen Mary of Hungary (*c. 1371,+1395). Married secondly in 1408 Barbara of Cilli/Celje (*c. 1390/95,+1451). Crowned with his second consort Barbara of Cilli in 1414 in Aix-la-Chapelle Cathedral. His issue who reigned: Elizabeth (*1409,+1442; Empress of Germany, Queen of Bohemia and Hungary; daughter of Barbara). Died in 1437 at Znojmo, Moravia. Buried with his first consort Queen Mary of Hungary in the Church of Varad Fortress in Nagyvárad, Transylvania. His second consort Empress Barbara of Cilli was buried in the Cathedral of St Vitus in Prague. HOUSE OF HABSBURG (Habsburger) 1438-1439: ALBERT II (Albrecht II.; Duke of Austria, King of Bohemia, Croatia and Hungary) Born in 1397 in Vienna. Father: Duke Albert IV of Austria. Mother: Duchess Joanna Sophia of Bavaria. Married in 1421 in Prague Princess Elizabeth of Bohemia and Hungary (*c. 1409 Prague,+1442 Györ, Hungary). He was never crowned in Germany. His issue who reigned: -Elizabeth (*1436,+1505; Queen of Poland), -Ladislaus the Posthumous (*1440,+1457; King of Bohemia and Hungary). Died in 1439 at Neszmély near Esztergom, Hungary. Buried with his consort Queen Elizabeth of Bohemia and Hungary in the Coronation Basilica at Szekesfehervar, Hungary.  Emperor Frederick III 1440-1493: FREDERICK III (Friedrich III.; Roman Emperor from 1452, Archduke of Austria) Born in 1415 at Innsbruck. Father: Duke Ernest of Austria and Styria. Mother: Duchess Cimburgis (Cymbarka) of Mazovia. Married in 1452 in Rome Princess Eleanor of Portugal (*1436 Torres Vedras,+1467 Wiener Neustadt). He was crowned in 1442 in Aix-la-Chapelle Catehdral. His issue who reigned: MAXIMILIAN I (*1459,+1519). Died in 1493 at Linz. Buried in St Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna. His consort Empress Eleanor of Portugal was buried in Parish Church Neuklosterkirche at Wiener Neustadt. 1486-1519: MAXIMILIAN I (Roman Emperor from 1508, Archduke of Austria, Duke-consort of Luxembourg) Born in 1459 at Wiener Neustadt. Father: Emperor Frederick III of Austria. Mother: Empress Eleanor of Portugal. Married firstly in 1477 at Ghent Duchess Mary of Burgundy and Luxembourg (*1457 Brussels,+1482 Bruges). Married secondly in 1494 at Hall, Tyrol Princess Bianca Maria Sforza of Milan (*1472 Milan,+1510 Innsbruck). He was crowned in 1486 in Aix-la-Chapelle Cathedral. His issue who reigned: -Philip I the Fair (*1478,+1506; King of Castile; son of Mary), -Margaret (*1480;+1530; Duchess of Savoy; daughter of Mary). Died in 1519 at Wels. Buried in St George's Chapel at Wiener Neustadt. His heart was buried in the tomb of his first wife Mary of Burgundy in Our Lady's Church in Bruges. His first consort Duchess Mary of Burgundy was buried in Our Lady's Church in Bruges. His second consort Empress Bianca Maria Sforza of Milan was buried in Cistercian Abbey at Stams, Tyrol.  King and Emperor Charles V 1519-1556: CHARLES V (Karl V.; Roman Emperor from 1530, Archduke of Austria, King of Spain, Naples and Sicily) Born in 1500 at Gent. Father: King Philip I the Fair of Castile. Mother: Queen Joan the Mad of Castile. Married in 1526 at Seville Princess Isabella of Portugal (*1503 Lisbon,+1539 Toledo). He was crowned in 1520 in Aix-la-Chapelle Catehdral. His issue who reigned: -Philip II (*1527,+1598; King of Spain and Portugal), -Maria (*1528,+1603; Empress and Queen of Bohemia and Hungary). Abdicated in 1556 in Brussels and left for Spain. Died in 1558 at San Jerónimo de Yuste, Spain. Buried with his consort Empress Isabella of Portugal in the Monastery of San Lorenzo de el Escorial. 1531-1564: FERDINAND I (Roman Emperor from 1556, Archduke of Austria, King of Bohemia, Croatia and Hungary) Born in 1503 at Alcala de Henares, Spain. Father: King Philip I the Fair of Castile. Mother: Queen Joan the Mad of Castile. Married in 1521 at Linz Princess Anna Jagiellonian of Bohemia and Hungary (*1503 Buda,+1547 Prague). He was crowned in 1531 in Aix-la-Chapelle Cathedral. His issue who reigned: -Elizabeth (*1526,+1545; Queen of Poland), -MAXIMILIAN II (*1527,+1576), -Anna (*1528,+1590; Electress of Bavaria), -Catherine (*1533,+1572; Queen of Poland), -Charles II (*1540,+1590; Archduke of Inner Austria). Died in 1564 in Vienna. Buried with his consort Queen Anna Jagiellonian in the Cathedral of St Vitus in Prague. 1564-1576: MAXIMILIAN II (Roman Emperor, Archduke of Austria, King of Bohemia, Croatia and Hungary) Born in 1527 in Vienna. Father: Emperor Ferdinand I. Mother: Princess Anna Jagiellonian of Bohemia and Hungary. Married in 1548 at Valladolid, Spain Princess Maria of Spain (*1528 Madrid,+1603 Villa Monte, Spain). He was crowned in 1562 in Frankfurt Cathedral. His issue who reigned: -Anna (*1549,+1580; Queen of Spain), -RUDOLPH II (*1552,+1612), -Elizabeth (*1554,+1592; Queen of France), -MATTHEW (*1557,+1619). Died in 1576 in Regensburg. Buried in the Cathedral of St Vitus in Prague. His consort Empress Maria of Spain was buried in the Church of St Clara (Discalced Franciscans) in Madrid. 1576-1612: RUDOLPH II (Rudolf II.; Roman Emperor, Archduke of Austria, King of Bohemia, Croatia and Hungary) Born in 1552 in Vienna. Father: Emperor Maximilian II. Mother: Empress Maria of Spain. Unmarried. He was crowned in 1575 in Regensburg Cathedral. Died in 1612 in Prague. Buried in St Vitus' Cathedral in Prague. 1612-1619: MATTHEW (Matthias; Roman Emperor, Archduke of Austria, King of Bohemia, Croatia and Hungary) Born in 1557 in Vienna. Father: Emperor Maximilian II. Mother: Empress Maria of Spain. Married in 1611 in Vienna Archduchess Anna of Tyrol (*1585 Innsbruck,+1618 Vienna). He was crowned together with his consort Anna of Tyrol in 1612 in Frankfurt Cathedral. Died in 1619 in Vienna. Buried with his consort Empress Anna of Tyrol in the Capuchin Church in Vienna. 1619-1637: FERDINAND II (Roman Emperor, Archduke of Austria, King of Bohemia, Croatia and Hungary) Born in 1578 in Graz. Father: Archduke Charles II of Inner Austria. Mother: Archduchess Maria of Bavaria. Married firstly in 1600 in Graz Princess Maria Anna of Bavaria (*1574 Munich,+1616 Graz). Married secondly in 1622 in Innsbruck Princess Eleanor Gonzaga of Mantua (*1598 Mantua,+1655 Vienna). He was crowned in 1619 in Frankfurt Cathedral. His issue who reigned: -FERDINAND III (*1608,+1657; son of Maria Anna), -Maria Anna (*1610,+1665; Electress of Bavaria; daughter of Maria Anna), -Cecilia Renata (*1611,+1644; Queen of Poland; daughter of Maria Anna). Died in 1637 in Vienna. Buried in the Imperial Mausoleum at Graz with his first consort Princess Maria Anna of Bavaria. His second consort Empress Eleanor of Mantua was buried in St Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna. 1637-1657: FERDINAND III (Roman Emperor, Archduke of Austria, King of Bohemia, Croatia and Hungary) Born in 1608 in Graz. Father: Emperor Ferdinand II. Mother: Empress Maria Anna of Bavaria. Married firstly in 1631 in Vienna Princess Maria Anna of Spain (*1608 Escorial,+1646 Linz). Married secondly in 1648 in Linz Archduchess Maria Leopoldina of Tyrol (*1632 Innsbruck,+1649 Vienna). Married thirdly in 1651 in Vienna Princess Eleanor Gonzaga of Mantua (*1630 Mantua,+1686 Vienna). He was crowned in 1636 at Regensburg Cathedral. His first consort Maria Anna of Spain was crowned in 1637 and his third consort Eleanor Gonzaga was crowned in 1653, both at Regensburg Cathedral. His issue who reigned: -FERDINAND IV (*1633,+1654; son of Maria Anna), -Maria Anna (*1635,+1696; Queen of Spain; daughter of Maria Anna), -LEOPOLD I (*1640,+1705; son of Maria Anna), -Eleanor (*1653,+1697; Queen of Poland; daughter of Eleanor). Died in 1657 in Vienna. Buried with his three consorts in the Capuchin Church in Vienna. 1653-1654: FERDINAND IV (King of Bohemia, Croatia and Hungary) Born in 1633 in Vienna. Father: Emperor Ferdinand III. Mother: Empress Maria Anna of Spain. Unmarried. He was crowned in 1653 at Regensburg Cathedral. Died in 1654 in Vienna. Buried in the Capuchin Church in Vienna. 1657-1705: LEOPOLD I (Roman Emperor, Archduke of Austria, King of Bohemia, Croatia and Hungary) Born in 1640 in Vienna. Father: Emperor Ferdinand III. Mother: Empress Maria Anna of Spain. Married firstly in 1666 in Vienna Princess Margaret Theresa of Spain (*1651 Madrid,+1673 Vienna). Married secondly in 1673 in Vienna Archduchess Claudia Felicity of Tyrol (*1653 Innsbruck,+1676 Vienna). Married thirdly in 1676 in Vienna Princess Eleanor Magdalen of Palatinate-Neuburg (*1655 Düsseldorf,+1720 Vienna). He was crowned in 1658 in Frankfurt Cathedral. His issue who reigned: -Maria Antonia (*1669,+1692; Electress of Bavaria; daughter of Margaret Theresa), -JOSEPH I (*1678,+1711; son of Eleanor Magdalen), -Maria Anna (*1683,+1754; Queen of Portugal; daughter of Eleanor Magdalen), -CHARLES VI (*1685,+1740; son of Eleanor Magdalen). Died in 1705 in Vienna. Buried with his first and third consort in the Capuchin Church in Vienna. His second consort Empress Claudia Felicity was buried in the Dominican Church in Vienna. 1705-1711: JOSEPH I (Roman Emperor, Archduke of Austria, King of Bohemia, Croatia, Hungary, Naples and Sicily, Prince of Transylvania) Born in 1678 in Vienna. Father: Emperor Leopold I. Mother: Empress Eleanor Magdalen of Palatinate-Neuburg. Married in 1699 in Vienna Princess Amalia Wilhelmina of Brunswick-Lüneburg (*1673 Lüneburg,+1742 Vienna). He was crowned in 1690 in St Ulric's Church at Augsburg. His issue who reigned: -Maria Josepha (*1699,+1757; Queen of Poland, Electress of Saxony), -Maria Amalia (*1701,+1756; Electress of Bavaria). Died in 1711 in Vienna. Buried in the Capuchin Church in Vienna. His consort Empress Amalia Wilhelmina was buried in the Salesian Convent in Vienna.  King and Emperor Charles VI 1711-1740: CHARLES VI (Karl VI.; Roman Emperor, Archduke of Austria, King of Bohemia, Croatia and Hungary, Duke of Luxembourg, Prince of Transylvania) Born in 1685 in Vienna. Father: Emperor Leopold I. Mother: Empress Eleanor Magdalen of Palatinate-Neuburg. Married in 1708 in Barcelona Princess Elizabeth Christina of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (*1691 Wolfenbüttel,+1750 Vienna). He was crowned in 1711 in Frankfurt Cathedral. His issue who reigned: Maria Theresa (*1717,+1780; Queen of Bohemia, Croatia and Hungary). Died in 1740 in Vienna. Buried with his consort Empress Elizabeth Christina in the Capuchin Church in Vienna. 1740-1742: INTERREGNUM HOUSE OF WITTELSBACH (Wittelsbacher)  King and Emperor Charles VII Albert 1742-1745: CHARLES VII ALBERT (Karl VII. Albrecht; Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia, Elector of Bavaria) Born in 1697 in Brussels. Father: Elector Maximilian II Emmanuel of Bavaria. Mother: Electress Theresa Kunigunda Sobieska of Poland. Married in 1722 in Munich Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria (*1701 Vienna,+1756 Munich). He was crowned in 1742 in Frankfurt Cathedral with his consort Maria Amalia of Austria . His issue who reigned: -Maria Antonia (*1724,+1780; Electress of Saxony), -Maximilian III Joseph (*1727,+1777; Elector of Bavaria), -Maria Josepha (*1739,+1767; German Empress). Died in 1745 in Munich. Buried with his consort Empress Maria Amalia in Theatinerkirche in Munich. HOUSE OF HABSBURG-LORRAINE (Habsburg-Lothringer) (click here to see the tree) 1745-1765: FRANCIS I STEPHEN (Franz I. Stefan; Roman Emperor, Grand Duke of Tuscany) Born in 1708 in Nancy. Father: Duke Leopold Joseph of Lorraine. Mother: Princess Elizabeth Charlotte of Orléans. Married in 1736 in Vienna Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria (*1717 Vienna,+1780 Vienna). He was crowned in 1745 in Frankfurt Cathedral. His issue who reigned: -JOSEPH II (*1741,+1790), -Marie Amalie (*1746,+1804; Duchess of Parma), -LEOPOLD II (*1747,+1792), -Marie Caroline (*1752,+1814; Queen of the Two Sicilies), -Ferdinand (*1754,+1806; Duke of Massa-Carrara), -Marie Antoinette (*1755,+1793; Queen of France). Died in 1765 in Innsbruck. Buried with his consort Empress Maria Theresa in the Capuchin Church in Vienna.  King and Emperor Joseph II 1764-1790: JOSEPH II (Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia, Croatia, Galicia and Hungary, Archduke of Austria, Grand Prince of Transylvania, Duke of Luxembourg) Born in 1741 in Schönbrunn. Father: Emperor Francis I Stephen. Mother: Empress Maria Theresa of Austria. Married firstly in 1760 in Vienna Princess Isabella of Bourbon-Parma (*1741 Madrid,+1763 Vienna). Married secondly in 1765 in Vienna Princess Maria Josepha of Bavaria (*1739 Munich,+1767 Vienna). He was crowned in 1764 in Frankfurt Cathedral. Died in 1790 in Vienna. Buried with his both consorts in the Capuchin Church in Vienna.  King and Emperor Leopold II 1790-1792: LEOPOLD II (Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia, Croatia, Galicia and Hungary, Archduke of Austria; Grand Duke of Tuscany, Grand Prince of Transylvania, Duke of Luxembourg) Born in 1747 in Schönbrunn. Father: Emperor Francis I Stephen. Mother: Empress Maria Theresa of Austria. Married in 1765 in Innsbruck Princess Maria Louisa of Spain and Sicily (*1745 Portici near Naples,+1792 Vienna). He was crowned in 1790 in Frankfurt Cathedral. His issue who reigned: -Maria Theresa (*1767,+1827; Queen of Saxony), -FRANCIS II (1768,+1835), -Ferdinand (1769,+1824; Grand Duke of Tuscany). Died in 1792 in Vienna. Buried with his consort Empress Maria Louisa in the Capuchin Church in Vienna.  King and Emperor Francis II 1792-1806: FRANCIS II (Franz II.; Roman Emperor, Archduke and Emperor of Austria, King of Bohemia, Croatia, Galicia and Hungary, Grand Prince of Transylvania, Duke of Luxembourg) Born in 1768 in Florence. Father: Emperor Leopold II. Mother: Empress Maria Louisa of Spain. Married firstly in 1788 in Vienna Duchess Elizabeth of Württemberg (*1767 Treptow,+1790 Vienna). Married secondly in 1790 in Vienna Princess Maria Theresa of Naples-Sicily (*1772 Naples,+1807 Vienna). Married thirdly in 1808 in Vienna Archduchess Maria Lodovica of Modena (*1787 Monza,+1816 Verona). Married fourthly in 1816 in Vienna Princess Caroline Augusta of Bavaria (*1792 Mannheim,+1873 Vienna). He was crowned in 1792 in Frankfurt Cathedral. His issue who reigned: -Marie Louise (*1791,+1847; Empress of the French; daughter of Maria Theresa), -Ferdinand I (*1793,+1875; Emperor of Austria; son of Maria Theresa), -Maria Leopoldina (*1797,+1826; Queen of Portugal and Empress of Brazil; daughter of Maria Theresa). Abdicated in 1806. Died in 1835 in Vienna. Buried with all his consorts in the Capuchin Church in Vienna. 1806: HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE DISSOLVED GERMAN EMPIRE 1871-1918: HOUSE OF HOHENZOLLERN (Haus Hohenzollern) (click here to see the tree)  Emperor William I 1871-1888: WILLIAM I (Wilhelm I.; King of Prussia since 1861) Born in 1797 in Berlin. Father: King Frederick William III of Prussia. Mother: Queen Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. Married in 1829 in Berlin Princess Augusta of Saxe-Weimar (*1811 Weimar,+1890 Berlin). He was crowned with his consort in 1861 in the Castle Church at Königsberg. His issue who reigned: -FREDERICK III (*1831,+1888), -Louise (*1838,+1923; Grand Duchess of Baden). Died in 1888 at Potsdam. Buried together with his consort Empress Augusta in the Charlottenburg Palace Mausoleum, Berlin.  Emperor Frederick III 1888: FREDERICK III (Friedrich III.; King of Prussia) Born in 1831 at Potsdam. Father: Emperor William I of Germany. Mother: Empress Augusta of Saxe-Weimar. Married in 1858 in London Princess Victoria of Great Britain (*1840 London,+1901 Kronberg/Taunus). He was never crowned. His issue who reigned: -WILLIAM II (*1859,+1941), -Charlotte (*1860,+1919; Duchess of Saxe-Meiningen), -Sophie (*1870,+1932; Queen of Greece). Died in 1888 at Potsdam. Buried together with his consort Empress Victoria in the Friedenskirche Royal Mausoleum at Potsdam.  Emperor William II 1888-1918: WILLIAM II (Wilhelm II.; King of Prussia) Born in 1859 in Berlin. Father: Emperor Frederick III of Germany. Mother: Empress Victoria of Great Britain. Married firstly in 1881 in Berlin Princess Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein (*1858 Dolzig/Dluzek, now Poland,+1921 Doorn, the Netherlands). Married secondly in 1922 at Doorn/the Netherlands Princess Hermine of Reuss (*1887 Reitz,+1947 Frankfurt/Oder). He was never crowned. His issue who reigned: Victoria Louise (*1892,+1980; Duchess of Brunswick; daughter of Augusta Victoria). Deposed in 1918 and exiled in the Netherlands until his death. Died in 1941 at Doorn, the Netherlands. Buried at Doorn Mausoleum, the Netherlands. His both consorts, Empress Augusta Victoria and Princess Hermine are buried at the Antique Temple in Potsdam. REPUBLIC OF GERMANY SINCE 1918 Select Bibliography Brandenburgs Kurfürsten, Preussens Könige, Deutsche Kaiser, Das Taschenlexikon, Karwe 2005 Louis Ferdinand Freiherr v. Massenbach: Die Hohenzollern einst und jetzt, Bonn 2007 Reifenscheid R.: Die Habsburger. Von Rudolf I. bis Karl I., Graz 1982 |