Reagalia

GERMAN REGALIA

HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE
The regalia of the Holy Roman Empire are on public display at the Treasury (Schatzkammer) in Vienna’s Hofburg Palace in Austria and include:
-Imperial Crown (so called Crown of Charlemagne; 9th c.),
-Imperial Orb (13th century),
-Imperial Sceptre (15th century),
-Sabre of Charlemagne (9th century).

The Imperial Crown and Orb. ©ARB

The Tresury of Vienna's Hofburg Palace where regalia of the Holy Roman Empire are kept. ©ARB

The Royal Crown of Otto III (10th century), used at his coronation in Aix-la-Chapelle in 983, is safeguarded at the Cathedral Treasury in Essen. The crown consists of a gold rim with four fleur-de-lys and is decorated with numerous gems and pearls. It's diameter is 11,8 cm and the height of the crown is 3,6-7,7 cm. Some German historians date the crown for the 11th c. In such case it could not have been used at Otto III's coronation.

The Crown of Otto III and the Cathedral Treasury in Essen where it is safeguarded. ©ARB

The German Empire (1871-1918) never had its own regalia.

GERMAN CORONATIONS

HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE
AIX-LA-CHAPELLE (AACHEN), CATHEDRAL (Aachener Dom, Domhof):
Royal coronations:
936: Otto I the Great and Edith of England
961: Otto II
983: Otto III
1028: Henry III
1054: Henry IV
1099: Henry V
1125: Lothair III
1138: Conrad III
1152: Frederick I
1169: Henry VI
1198: Otto IV
1205: Philip of Swabia (the second coronation)
1215: Frederick II (the second coronation)
1248: William of Holland
1257: Richard of Cornwall and Sanchia of Provence
1273: Rudolph I and Gertrude Anna of Hohenberg
1292: Adolphus of Nassau and Imagina of Limburg
1298: Albert I of Habsburg
1309: Henry VII and Margaret of Brabant
1314: Louis IV the Bavarian and Beatrice of Glogów
1349: Charles IV (the second coronation) and Anne of the Palatinate
1376: Wenceslaus and Joanna of Bavaria
1407: Rupert (the second coronation)
1414: Sigismund and Barbara of Cilli
1442: Frederick III
1486: Maximilian I
1520: Charles V
1531: Ferdinand I

Henry I, Conrad IV, Alfonso of Castile and Albert II were never crowned as German kings.
Jobst of Moravia died prior to his coronation.
German kings were crowned in Aachen until 1562

Aix-la-Chapelle, the Cathedral
(reproduced courtesy of Mr Alexander Krischnig)

AUGSBURG, ST ULRIC'S CHURCH (Augsburg, St. Ulrichs Kirche, Ulrichsplatz):
1690: Joseph I (royal coronation)
1690: Eleanor Magdalen of Palatinate-Neuburg, consort of Leopold I

BASEL:
1315: Elizabeth of Aragon, consort of Frederick III the Handsome

BOLOGNA, BASILICA OF ST PETRONIUS/ITALY (Bologna, Basilica di San Petronio, Piazza Maggiore):
1530: Charles V (the last imperial coronation by the pope)

Bologna, the Basilica of St Petronius. ©ARB

BONN, COLLEGIATE CHURCH (Bonner Münster, Münsterplatz):
1314: Frederick III the Handsome
1346: Charles IV (the first coronation)

The Collegiate Church in Bonn. ©ARB

COLOGNE, CATHEDRAL (Kölner Dom, , Trankgasse):
1024: Gisela of Swabia, consort of Conrad II
1401: Rupert (the first coronation)

Cologne Cathedral. ©ARB

FORCHHEIM (the exact venue of coronation in Forchheim is unknown):
900: Louis III the Child (the earliest German royal coronation)

FRANKFURT, CATHEDRAL (Frankfurter Dom, Bendergasse/Domplatz):
Imperial coronations:
1558: Ferdinand I
1562: Maximilian II
1612: Matthew and Anna of Tyrol
1619: Ferdinand II
1658: Leopold I
1705: Joseph I
1711: Charles VI
1742: Charles VII Albert and Maria Amalia of Austria
1745: Francis I Stephen
1764: Joseph II
1790: Leopold II
1792: Francis II

The Cathedral of Frankfurt. ©ARB

MAINZ, CATHEDRAL (Mainzer Dom, Marktplatz):
Royal coronations:
1002: Henry II
1024: Conrad II
1043: Agnes of Poitou, consort of Henry III
1110: Matilda of England, consort of Henry V (the first coronation)
1114: Matilda of England, consort of Henry V (the second coronation)
1198: Philip of Swabia (the first coronation)
1212: Frederick II (the first coronation)

The Cathedral of Mainz. ©ARB

PADERBORN, CATHEDRAL (Paderborn, Dom, Domplatz):
1002: Kunigunde of Luxembourg, consort of Henry II

The Cathedral of Paderborn. ©ARB

REGENSBURG, CATHEDRAL (Regensburger Dom, Domplatz):
Imperial coronations:
1575: Rudolph II
1630: Eleanor of Mantua, consort of Ferdinand II
1636: Ferdinand III
1637: Maria Anna of Spain, consort of Ferdinand III
1653: Eleanor of Mantua-Nevers-Gonzaga, consort of Ferdinand III
1653: Ferdinand IV

The Cathedral of Regensburg
(reproduced courtesy of Mr Jörg Heinrich)

ROME, BASILICA OF ST JOHN LATERAN
(Roma, Basilica San Giovanni in Laterano, Piazza di Porta San Giovanni):
Imperial coronations:
1133: Lothar III and Richenza of Northeim
1312: Henry VII
1328: Louis IV the Bavarian

Rome, the Basilica of St John Lateran. ©ARB

ROME, ST PETER’S BASILICA/THE VATICAN (Roma, Basilica San Pietro, Piazza San Pietro/St Peter's Square):
Imperial coronations:
881: Charles III the Fat and Richardis
896: Arnulf of Carinthia
962: Otto I the Great and Adelaide of Burgundy
967: Otto II
972: Theophano of Byzantium, consort of Otto II
996: Otto III
1014: Henry II and Kunigunde of Luxembourg
1027: Conrad II and Gisela of Swabia
1046: Henry III and Agnes of Poitou
1084: Henry IV and Bertha of Savoy
1117: Henry V and Matilda of England
1155: Frederick I
1167: Frederick I (the second coronation) and Beatrice of Burgundy
1191: Henry VI and Constance of Sicily
1209: Otto IV
1220: Frederick II and Constance of Aragon and Hungary
1355: Charles IV and Anne of Swidnica
1433: Sigismund of Luxembourg
1452: Frederick III and Eleanor of Portugal (the last imperial coronation in Rome)

Conrad III, Rudolph I and Wenceslaus were never crowned as emperors

Rome, St Peter's Basilica. ©ARB

WORMS CATHDERAL OF ST PETER (Worms, Dom St. Peter, Domplatz):
1235: Isabella of England, consort of Frederick II

The Cathedral of Worms
(reproduced courtesy of Mr Jörg Heinrich)

WÜRZBURG:
1066: Bertha of Savoy, consort of Henry IV

GERMAN ROYAL RESIDENCES
(The list includes only the most important and existing royal residences)

BERLIN:
Charlottenburg Palace (Schloss Charlottenburg; 17th-18th c., residence of Prussian kings and German emperors).

GOSLAR:
The Mediaeval Imperial Palace (Kaiserpfalz; an 11th c. summer residence of German emperors).

POTSDAM:
New Palace (Neues Palais; an 18th c. summer palace of Prussian kings and German emperors).

POTSDAM:
Palace Sanssouci (Schloss Sanssouci; an 18th c. residence of Prussian kings, later also of German emperors).