9/11, Middle East, Terrorism, and Policy

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Note: I moved a lot of information previously here to the Issues of the War in Iraq, Including Abu Ghraib page.

September 11, 2001

September 11 taught us that the front lines of a catastrophic terror attack are not here or in policy but are local, in communities all across this country. It is the folks in our fire departments, in our police stations, in our emergency rooms, and in the volunteer corps. It is the brave men and women who rush to an attack site with almost superhuman stamina and compassion, working to save their fellow citizens.
-- Bill Frist, U.S. Senator

A Compilation of Pictures from Around the World
Assembled in the days following the terrorist attacks and now archived. The page has lots of pictures and will be slow to load. Therefore, avoid if you connect with a modem.
WorldTradeTribute.Com
Dedicated to remembering the victims and heroes of the September 11 tragedy through pictures, motion, and sound. This site includes many links to other sites.
September 11, 2001 Victims
"Included are victims for whom AP has confirmed the death with named local or federal government officials, the person's family, a named spokesman for the person's employer or a named funeral home official. In the case of confirmation by family members, victims are included when the family member is definitive that the person is dead or that the family considers the person dead." There are profile pages for each person in this tribute. In addition, there is a listing by country, nationality, and US state.
What Happened on That Day?
9/11 Commission Report by National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States is a compelling narrative where the first chapter covers September 11 and the actions of all the players in great detail. It is excerpted on Amazon's Web site. (See "search inside" link.) [I read only the first chapter so far but I'll be returning to it.]
Against All Enemies: Inside America's War on Terror by Richard Clarke [First chapter covers that day and is excerpted on Amazon's Web site. See "search inside" link. (Read 2004)]
102 Minutes : The Untold Story of the Fight to Survive Inside the Twin Towers by Jim Dwyer, Kevin Flynn. This book should get a Pulitzer Prize. Compellingly told, informative graphics, much background research. (Read 2/2005 in one day.)
An Interesting Day: President Bush's Movements and Actions on 9/11 - extremely well-researched online article by the Center for Cooperative Research. Includes links to original sources.

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Middle East, Terrorism, and Policy

Background

Peace cannot be kept by force; it can only be achieved by understanding.
-- Albert Einstein

Furious activity is no substitute for understanding.
-- H.H. Williams

One Palestine Complete: Jews and Arabs Under the British Mandate - 1920 - 1948
by Tom Segev
The foundation of current problems in the Middle East began here. The author delivers balanced coverage, told chronologically, with many, many players. It follows several principals from the collapse of the Ottoman Empire after the First World War, through efforts of the Zionists, backlash from Arab natives, to the establishment of Israel. The book includes maps and photos. (Read 12/2004)
American Task Force on Palestine
ATFP describes itself as "a non-partisan organization dedicated to bringing about lasting peace and stability in the Middle East by establishing the state of Palestine alongside Israel." Site includes much reference material
Saladin and the Crusades
I think it is important to include a link to the Wikipedia entry on Saladin, an important Muslim leader and military strategist during the Crusades. I recently saw Ridley Scott's movie "The Kingdom of Heaven" and I highly recommend it. I decided to see the movie after reading one Western journalist's experience viewing the movie with a Muslim audience in Beirut, Lebanon. Roger Ebert's review of the movie is also valuable. In contrast, one conservative writer dismisses the movie in an article that has a reference to Robert Spencer, an important conservative writer on Islam.

I also include this information because the legacy of the Crusades continues after centuries, directly influencing Muslims and their reaction to Western influence in the Holy Lands. One recommended book on the subject is The Crusades through Arab Eyes by Amin Maalouf. The reader comments at that Amazon link are also valuable. In addition, the book The New Concise History of the Crusades, Revised Edition by Thomas Madden is a good introduction to the Crusades. (See also the 1999 edition page at Amazon for more reader comments.) Readers might also like to review the documentary Mohammed: Legacy of a Prophet (2002). It covers the story of the 7th century founder of Islam and important events in the early years of the religion. The film includes contemporary interviews with those that follow Islam describing how it is integrated in their lives. Being of Christian background, I had scant knowledge and this documentary informed me greatly.

Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001
by Steve Coll
This book describes in great detail how events in Afghanistan led to September 11, 2001. It is a great, compelling story with copious amounts of information that includes many footnotes and references. It covers the details of our support of the mujahedin in fighting the Soviets, Saudi financing and Pakistani intelligence and the interplay and conflicting agendas of all the players. Especially interesting was the separate efforts of the Afghani and Arab mujahedin. (Read 2004)
Sowing the Seeds of Global Terrorism
A heavily-linked opinion-piece article from April 2003 posted on the Information Clearinghouse Web site.
Kite Runner
by Khaled Hosseini
Explores the lives of two boys growing up together in Afghanistan, the differences that divided the country, and how it has evolved since. While this book is fiction, its value is in describing the effect of great power struggles on those in the villages, transition of Afghani immigrants to the U.S., cultural differences and more. It is a powerful and compelling story of brutality, beauty, friendship, redemption and hope. A good companion to Ghost Wars, described above.

Fighting Terror and Policy Focus

Imperial Hubris: Why the West is Losing the War on Terror
by Anonymous [Michael Scheuer]
If you read only one book, this is it. The book describes the devotion of Muslims, the intertwining of government and religion, and while Muslims may be disgusted by values and behavior in the West, it is specific policies of the U.S. that ignited rage. Includes many footnotes and references. (Read 11/2004)
One Percent Doctrine: Deep Inside America's Pursuit of Its Enemies Since 9/11
by Ron Suskind
This book covers the drive of the Bush Administration to act if even a one-percent chance of a terrorist attack exists. I've seen news articles where officials wanted to see raw intelligence rather than the parsed and analyzed intelligence. To review why this might be a problem see the article "CIA Veteran: How Robert Gates Cooked the Intelligence".
Against All Enemies: Inside America's War on Terror
by Richard A. Clarke
This is a personal recollection by someone on the inside of two administrations working to coordinate terrorism strategies and intelligence resources. I think this book was the first of many I read on terrorism and policy. It illuminates the in-fighting, the discussions, problematic coordination of intelligence, the near-misses, etc. (Read 2004)
America Attacked: The Sequel - Looking Back from 2011, An Imagined History
Richard Clarke wrote this hypothetical article for the Atlantic Jan/Feb 2005 issue that is a sobering look at our current priorities in fighting terrorism. The online version of the article has only a teaser paragraph available for non-subscribers. This gives no indication of article content when compared with a longer abstract. Find or order this back issue.
Insanely Destructive Devices: Trying to defend against self-replicating weapons of mass destruction
by Lawrence Lessig
This is a short Wired magazine article that covers the subject in an extremely thoughtful and timely manner. We need creative solutions.
Think Again: Losing the Loose Nukes
An article on the Center for American Progress site, where the author lists his frustrations with the administration's inattention on what should be the number one anti-terrorism tool and focus, the Nunn-Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction Program.
Bin Laden's Fatwa
The full text of the August 1996 fatwa, "Declaration of War against the Americans Occupying the Land of the Two Holy Places" archived on the PBS News Hour online special report on terrorism. [It's quite long, listing the West and Saudi Arabia's crimes, urging the Islamic community to respond, using devotional language and many quoted passages throughout.]

Ibn Taymiyyah, stated: "to fight in defence of religion and Belief is a collective duty; there is no other duty after Belief than fighting the enemy who is corrupting the life and the religion. There is no preconditions for this duty and the enemy should be fought with one best abilities."

A Troubling Influence
This is an article posted on the Front Page Magazine Web site. It is a conservative's concern about the activities and possible divided loyalties of Grover Norquist, a very influential administration advisor. It also includes an article from Frank Gaffney, a former Reagan Defense official and now President of the Center for Security Policy, detailing the activities at issue. Here's a short excerpt:

...Norquist arrived in my office brandishing an open letter citing my remarks at CPAC as evidence of "racism and bigotry" that have "no place in the conservative movement." I responded with a lengthy letter of my own, describing my concerns about the role Norquist and his Islamic Institute had been playing in enabling and facilitating Islamist political influence activities aimed at the Bush Administration and other Republicans. I urged him to cease and desist, lest he do real damage, not only to the President and the Party, but to the nation's security.

And later...

Grover Norquist's efforts to legitimate and open important doors for pro-Islamist organizations in this country must be brought to an immediate halt. They have already created political vulnerabilities for this President and his Administration. But for the influence exerted by Norquist and his friends, President Bush might long ago have reached out to peaceable, tolerant, pro-American Muslims. In particular, the past 26 months could have been spent building up Muslim spokesmen and groups who share this President's vision of a world in which democracy, liberty and freedom of religion prosper—and who could help cultivate those values in Muslim lands and communities overseas.

In this sobering article, the writer includes 81 citations to substantiate his claim. Insight Magazine, writing about the founding director of Grover Norquist's Islamic Institute, has an article on Khaled Saffuri's Ties to Terror Suspects. The online encyclopedia Wikipedia has an entry on the Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR) describing one group in question. By the way, a term used in the introductory comments, Fifth Column, is defined as "any clandestine group of people which works covertly inside a nation to undermine its strength."
Free Muslims Against Terrorism
Described on the group's Web site as "a nonprofit organization made up of American Muslims and Arabs of all backgrounds who feel that religious violence and terrorism have not been fully rejected by the Muslim community in the post 9-11 era." Includes a number of commentary articles on current issues and news in the Islamic world.
National Security Whistleblowers
This article covers the retribution firing of an FBI translator for highlighting problems in the system that would affect national security. The ACLU is involved in the case and this article on their Web site includes links to related external resources. Other stories of retribution include "Politics Worry Veterans" about Rep. Chris Smith losing a chairmanship, "Flight Risk" about airport security trainers losing their jobs after highlighting incompetence (See related "Airline Security a Waste of Cash"), and "Not Mild-Mannered Enough" about Clark Kent Ervin's dismissal as watchdog at the Dept. of Homeland Security after warning of numerous problems. No administration likes its flaws identified but we need to know if problems exist.
The Terrorism Beat - Inside the City's Defense Command Centers
This Reporter At Large article by reporter William Finnegan in the 2005-07-25 issue of The New Yorker covers the NYPD effort to fight terrorism. This long article isn't available online but definitely worth reading. They have a wide-ranging, serious effort with an international component. The latest subway search effort does come in for criticism though.
Giving the Hatemongers No Place to Hide [NYT]
I've read a number of news reports describing how suicide bombers get cassette tapes of extremist speeches. This article by Thomas Friedman of the New York Times describing the need to get the ideas and speech of Islamic extremist clerics and others out into the light where it can be challenged by all:

We need to shine a spotlight on hate speech wherever it appears. The State Department produces an annual human rights report. Henceforth, it should also produce a quarterly War of Ideas Report, which would focus on those religious leaders and writers who are inciting violence against others.

The article is aggressive but the answer to hate speech is more speech to challenge it. Just a reminder... access to New York Times [NYT] online articles requires free registration. You can also read a dissenting opinion on the article.

Top Five Issues
There are efforts directly dealing with terrorism but here are my choices for the top five foundational issues—in priority order—for policy makers:

A Few Films

The Battle of Algiers
This 1965 film was screened by the Pentagon in Fall 2003. It is distributed by Rialto Pictures and was reviewed by Roger Ebert in 1968 and 2004.] Here is a short description from the most recent review:

Gillo Pontecorvo 's "The Battle of Algiers", filmed in black and white in 1965, released in late 1967, is the crucial film about a new kind of warfare [attacking conventional forces and then disappearing back into the population]. It involves the proving-ground of the emerging tactics in Algeria from 1954 to 1962, as France tried and failed to contain a nationalist uprising... the reason it is being viewed in the Pentagon 35 years after its making, is that it is lucid and dispassionate in its examination of the tactics of both sides.

Read a New York Times article on the movie.

The Siege
Denzel Washington, Annette Bening, Bruce Willis in a film about terrorist cells bombing New York City with the FBI and the Army scrambling to thwart the attacks. [1998]
The Fog of War: Eleven Lessons from the Life of Robert S. McNamara
The former Secretary of Defense, at 85, discusses his role in the World War II bombing of Japan, the Presidency of Ford Motor Co., and the Vietnam War, retiring from the Johnson administration to lead the World Bank. [2003] Here is a quote near the end of this riveting film:

What makes us omniscient? Have we a record of omniscience? We are the strongest nation in the world today. I do not believe we should ever apply that economic, political, or military power unilaterally. If we had followed that rule in Vietnam, We wouldn't have been there. None of our allies supported us. Not Japan, not Germany, not Britain or France. If we can't persuade nations with comparable values of the merit of our cause, we'd better re-examine our reasoning.

Read Roger Ebert's review of "The Fog of War".

The Sum of All Fears
This film stars Ben Affleck and Morgan Freeman. The weapon procured by the terrorists could easily have been a "loose nuke".

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Last Modified: 12-Dec-2006
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