THE DIARY OF WILLIAM HAMILTON SWISHER

PRIVATE, COMPANY A 105TH INFANTRY REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA

FOREWORD

First and foremost, I want to thank Lucy Swisher Rippel for entrusting me with a copy of her great-grandfather's Civil War diary. Her kindness cannot he overstated. She is one of those very special people we are so fortunate to meet along life's path. As a Civil War history buff since childhood, it afforded me one of the greatest opportunities to have a look into the actual day-to-day life of a soldier of the Army of the Potomac. Mentally, it gave me an opportunity to revisit the Civil War battle sites of Yorktown, Williamsburg, and Seven Pines which I had walked over since childhood. It was also an important period of the Civil War for my Barnes Family research, in that my own great-grandfather was a participant of the same campaign, becoming a casualty on the same day and field that William Hamilton Swisher lost his life. For this opportunity, I feel a deep sense of gratitude. Thank yon so very much, Lucy !

But this effort is all about William Hamilton Swisher and the diary he kept as a Private in the service of the 105th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry. The diary is a first-hand account of a Union soldier in the Army of the Potomac. It begins in August, 1861, the day of his enlistment at Peryville, Jefferson County, Pa., and concludes in April, 1862, with William in the trenches facing the Rebel batteries at Yorktown, Virginia. Through it all, William describes the places, the people, and the circumstances he and his comrades faced and endured while serving in the Army of the Potomac.

In 1861, William was age 41, a carpenter by trade, and married to Rachel nee DeHaven. They had two sons, Robert Matthews Swisher and Winfield Scott Swisher. On August 28, William enlisted as a Private in Company A, 105th Pennsylvania Volunteer Regiment. Enlisting with William was a younger brother, Joseph M. Swisher. Ninety-four other men also enlisted in Company A that day. Of the original compliment of 96 officers and men only 16 remained at the end of the war. Brother Joseph was among the sixteen, and lived to the age of 84.

After reading William's diary you can't help but come away with the full realization of what an excellent man he was in every respect. A man who dearly loved his family, was true to his friends, and an obedient servant of the Lord. Throughout his diary, his wife and sons seem to be forever on his mind, writing them almost daily. Those letters were a mainstay in stabilizing the heart-felt grief of being away from his most cherished love ones. Though surely missing his family, William made every effort to become the best soldier he possibly could be, never avoiding any duty placed upon him. He seemed never to complain of his superior officers, or those among him equal in rank. He willingly accepted his soldiering assignments with dedication and a positive altitude. And foremost, he was a man of God, never missing a spiritual opportunity to give praise to his Lord and Savior. Although other days of the week were rarely noted in his diary, each "Sunday" was always stated next to its date. Attending the camp ~s regimental prayer meetings, which time and again uplifted his undaunted spirit, were probably his most enjoyable hours spent during his days as a Private of the 105th Pennsylvania Volunteer Regiment.

In the late afternoon on the 31st day of May, 1862, William died a soldier's death on the battlefield of Seven Pines, Virginia. The exact circumstances of his death are not known. But whether he was killed by cannonade or a musket ball is irrelevant. What is relevant is that history tells us that he faced both, but discharged his duty honorably, being among one of the first to fall. From the many accounts of that day and time, he was likely buried beside others of his regiment, on the same battleground which they fell.

In the following pages William’s diary is presented just as he wrote it, with only an occasional spelling correction, punctuation, and paragraphing, in order that the reader may fully understand William 5 daily comments. In hopes of providing the reader with a broader view of the men of whom William spoke, I have taken the liberty to state each man s Civil War brief as found in the National Archives. These briefs are distinguished from the notes taken from William "s diary by printing them in italics.

In an effort to follow William "s footsteps after his last entry into his diary, pages 39 thru 47 pick up where the diary leaves off. In these pages the day-to-day movements and actions of the 105th from April 30 through May 31, 1862, are related. Much of this detailed information was taken from Robert L. Boyington’s Army Life Journal, a first Lieutenant in Company I of the 105th Pa.

Louis Nelson Barnes

Wm. H., son of Daniel and Elizabeth Swisher, aged forty one years, eight months, & twenty seven days, this twenty eight day of Aug. 1861, left Perryville, Jefferson Co., Pa., for the seat of war or wherever we may be ordered by the proper Officer. Arrived at Georgeville, Indiana Co. about eleven o'clock, in company with ten or twelve soldiers & a number of citizens, heard a splendid address by Dr. McPeet. With the soldiers and some citizens partook of a sumptuous and free dinner at the house of James Campbell. A.M., Kellysburgh, was joined by about eighty soldiers from Punxsutawney and vicinity with their friends, got to Indiana about dark where we were hospitably entertained by the citizens in their houses, public and private. I with Mr. William Stewart, esq., Attorney at Law.

Aug. 29th. Weight on scales 139 lb., got likeness taken and sent to wife, by Rebecca Mitchell. Most of the teams and citizens returned home whilst we remained with our generous hosts, until eight o'clock PM, when the necessary arrangements were completed to pass us over the R.R. to Pittsburgh via Blairsville, where we arrived about 12 o'clock. Marched to the guard house, slept in till morning on a dirt floor with our carpet sack for pillow.

Aug. 30th. Breakfasted about 7 o'clock. After a march of about 3 hours through the city arrived at Camp Wilhen 2 miles out. In the evening, John Hastings of Punxsutawney was constituted Captain, Wm. Neal of Perryville, 1st Lieutenant, & M.A. Morris near Punxsutawney, 2nd L.- We were sworn into service in camp about sunset by Col. Alexander Hays. Company named Mohoning Rifles, Letter A.. Col. A.A. McKnight, 105th Regiment. Sent letter to wife by Ted Bridesman who left camp.

Capt. John Hastings enlisted as Captain of Company A, 105th Regiment, Pa. on 06 Sept. 1861. He was severely wounded in the leg on 29 August 1862 at the Second Battle of Bull Run, Manassas, Va. Five months later he was discharged because of his wounds on 29 Jan. 1863.

Lieut. William Neal enlisted in Company A, 105th Regiment Pa. on 06 Sept. 1861. He was wounded at the Second Battle of Bull Run 29 Aug. 1862. He was promoted to Full Adjutant 27 Sept. 1862, later receiving a disability discharge on 11 April 1863.

2nd Lieut. M.A. Morris enlisted in Company A, 105th Regiment Pa. on 06 Sept. 1861. He resigned from service on 08 November 1861 due to failing health.

Amor A. McKnight was commissioned a colonel on 12 October 1861 and placed in command of the 105th Infantry Regiment Pennsylvania. He was wounded 31 May at the Battle of Fair Oaks, and resigned his commision 28 July 1862 due to his wounds. Less than a month later, at the urging of Brig-Gen. Phillip Kerney, he retained his commision and resumed command of the 105th. On 03 May 1863, during the Battle of Chancellorsville, Col. McKnight was struck in the arm by a musket ball, which passing through, entered his head near the left eve and instantly killed.

Aug. 31st. Remained in camp all day & helped make Officers Quarters, drilled 1/2 hour under A.H. Mitchell.

Sunday, Sept. 1st. Roll Call at 6 o'clock, breakfast at 10 o'clock, fifty 2 of us went in company under the command of Lieut. Morris to The St. James Protestant Episcopal Church. The Rev. Slatey conducted the sermon, 1 suppose in the regular way, at the close thereof, distributed a tract of prayers & instructed us to take the tracts that had been placed on the seats for our use. After roll call in the evening a prayer meeting in the quarters of Joseph Swisher, M. Swisher & others, conducted by Joseph M. Swisher, several lead in prayer. I have attended many meetings where there was less spirit & prayer manifested. I hope they may be continued twice a week at least. 600 calvary arrived at camp this day from the state of Indiana. There is about 2000 men in camp & (more) coming every day. Pittsburgh, Allegheny & vicinity are recruiting 66 companies at this time, they have sent 7 regiments.

Joseph M. Swisher, brother to William H. Swisher, enlisted as a Private in Company A, 105th Infantry Regiment Pa on 09 September 1861. He was mustered out at the end of his term of enlistment on 09 September 1864.

Monday, Sept. 2nd. Sent a letter to wife and sons, got out of camp, rode on the street cars to Hositwood Street on Penn, for 5 cent, purchased a soldiers knife for 1.25, a knife, tablespoon, & fork combined, but so arranged the fork & spoon can be easily be separated from the knife then you have the fork on one end of the handle and the spoon on the other. Under the command of Lieutenant Morris about 60 of us was marched to the Allegheny where we had a swim, and were returned to camp. After roll call I attended a prayer meeting in one of the quarters.

Sept. 3rd. Wrote a letter to Father.

Sept. 4th. Took a stroll in company with Joseph Swisher through the city, took dinner with Capt. Cooper and wife, Clark St., No.33, sixth ward. Received letter from Robert Shields by Dr. G., and mailed letter to Father.

Sept. 5th. Visited the garrison in company with (Boaz) D. Blose & Geo. Goheen, saw any quantity of from 7 to 10 inch balls and shells, a brass canon that had been taken at Saratoga 1777, another at the surrender of Yorktown 1778, several other brass pieces & 4 mortars that had been taken from the English. Saw and talked to the Rev. L.W. Savers, P.M., saw Bush & Peter Depp in J. Gilespie's Company, it came into camp about 11 A.M. Capt. John Hastings returned from Punxsutawney with Gilespie's Company, where he had gone on last Saturday to help recruit it, and with him 5 recruits from our company, number now 98.

Boaz D. Blase enlisted as a Private, Company A, 105th Inf. Regiment, Pa., on 09 Sept 1861. He received a disability discharge on 30 January 1863.

George Goheen enlisted as a Private, Company A, 105th Inf. Regiment, Pa., on 09 Sept 1861. He was wounded at the Second Battle of Bull Run on 29 August 1862. He \vas discharged due to his wounds on 10 February 1863.

Bush Depp was in all likelyhood Phillip B. Depp, who enlisted in Company F, 105th Inf. Regiment, Pa., on 09 Sept. 1861. Phillip received a disability discharge on 12 November

1861.

Peter Depp enlisted as a Private, Company F, 105th Inf. Regiment, Pa., on 09 Sept.

1861. He was killed 03 May 1863 in Chancellorsville, Virginia.

Sept. 6th. Sent letter to wife and son by Dr. Shields, saw and spoke to the Rev. D.S. Steadman of Brookvifle. Helped D. Blose & others, cut up, raft together and drop Raft, opposite Micheal Deals, whereas we got our dinner & fifty cents apiece.

Sept. 7th. Wrote a letter to H.T. Swisher. Also muster roil call of the Motioning rifles, went with Lieut. Morris & part of the Company to the Allegheny river & had a swim. Just at roll call, Darius Blose, Wm. Lamison, Harrison Marsh, and Thomas Mitchell's senior & Jr. arrived at our quarters with letters for some & news for others from home, where they had left this morning, they were welcome visitors.

Sept. 8th. Sunday, 11 A.M. Headed by our Captain, 24 of us arrived at the Westly Chappel &

M.E. Church. Regular pastor Rev. M. Babcock, preaching by the Rev M............ , Presiding Elder. It being sacrament occasion, 8 or 10 of us, including Capt. Hastings & Lieut. Morris, embraced the present as perhaps the last opportunity of commemorating the undying love of Christ to fallen man, this side of eternity, it was truly with me, a solemn time. But I thank God for the prospect I have of one day eating the sacrament of the Lords supper anew in his kingdom above. About dark about 60 of us entered the Lawrenceville M.E. Church 1 1/2 miles from camp. Heard a good sermon preached by the Rev. Mr. Cooper, from St. Luke 18th chapter, 1 -7 verses. After services the congregation sang the well known & appropriate hymn, "When shall we all meet again". Returned to camp.

Sept. 9th. Sent by T.S. Mitchell, Jr., letters one to my wife, one to Robt, another to R.A. Mitchell. 11 A.M. Geo. Blose arrived in camp as a visitor. All are busy patching clothes & writing letters preparatory to a march at 4 P.M. At 4 o'clock arrived at the A(llegheny).R.R. On(board) (were) about 450 of Col. A.A. McKnight's Regiment who had been swom in to the regiment in the morning by Capt. Hays of the U(United) States service.

Sept. 10th. Arrived at Harrisburg at 9 A.M. Left Harrisburg 11 A.M. on freight cars. Crossed the river and was detained until 1 P.M., when we got under way and passed through LittleYork. A large and handsome town, or city, situated in a splendid section of country. Men were mowing, making hay, seeding, raising potatoes, &c. We arrived at Baltimore at 10:30 P.M. We marched about 3 miles through clean streets having generally good buildings on either side, it being dark we could not see much of the city.

Sept. 11th. Left Baltimore at 1 A.M. and arrived (on passenger cars) at the soldiers rest; Washington D.C. about 6 A.M. without injury to any of our men except two who got off & failed to get on in time, and were left at Altona. We got breakfast at the soldiers retreat. Viewed the new capital in process of erection until between 9 & 10 o'clock, when we were again called together & marched through the city about 3 miles distant to the heights of Kalarama, now Camp Kalarama where 3 or more regiments were encamped. Its situated Northwest from the city. Whilst on the capitol we could see any quantity of soldier's tents West & South of the city, in fact, that portion of the country as far as we could see, seemed to be one continued tented field. There amongst others I inscribed my name & place of residence with a pencil with thousands of others. I suppose 300 ft. from the ground- We made the trip from Pittsburgh to Washington, a distance of 374 miles, in 38 hours, in the pleasant kind of weather, having lived on cold meat & crackers (or sea biscuit). We got our blankets, that is, one apiece, &a tent for each mess of six soldiers in the evening, which we pitched, but had not time to ditch around before dark. A rain came on in the night, when we were compelled to make ditches as best we could with tent pins to prevent the water from wetting everything inside. In some of the tents in which they were slow beginning, the water was shoe mouth deep. But we were more fortunate, for as soon as I heard it rain I went to work & our tent was only a little damp. A.H. Mitchell having left the camp before noon, returned before dark & with him A.R. Mitchell & Joseph Coon from Camp Tennally 3 miles distant. In the afternoon we distinctly heard heavy firing of canon south & west, some climbed in the camp & said they saw heavy columns of smoke. We learned the secessionists attempted to cross the Potomac between the chain bridge & Georgetown & 4 or 5 miles up the river. They were also skirmishing at Fairfax Courthouse, which (there) was considerable injuries by our heavy guns. They were beaten with comparable heavy loss of life. Supposed to be over 100 whilst ours was six killed, they by shots fired out of private houses & about 20 wounded.

(a) Alexander H. Mitchell enlisted as a Sergeant in Company A, 105th Inf. Regiment, 06 September 1861 at Hamilton, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania. He was promoted to Full Sergeant 1st Class 08 November 1861 at Camp Lyon, Alexandria, Virginia. He was promoted to Full Lieutenant I st Class on 04 March, 1864. He was promoted to Full Captain on 07 May 1864 at the onset of the Battle of the Wilderness, where he was wounded five days later on 12 May. One month later, he was wounded at the Battle of Petersburg on ]6 June. He recieved a disability discharge due to his wounds on 15 November 1864. Nearly 25 years later, Alexander H. Mitchell was awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor for Bravery he displayed on 12 May 1864. During the Battle ofSpotsylvania Court House, although wounded, he captured the Regimental Flag of the North Carolina 18th Infantry Regiment in a personal encounter with the regiment's Color Bearer.

Joseph Coon enlisted as a Private in Company B, 105th Inf. Pa. on 23rd October 1861. He received a disability discharge on 20 June 1865.

Sept 12th. Sent a letter to my wife, another to my son Robt. The company elected F.Y. Caldwell company cook, & Peter Walker adjutant.

Fleming Y. Caldwell enlisted as a Private in Company A, 105th Inf. Regiment Pa. on 09 September 1861. He was discharged at the rank of Quartermaster Sergeant.

Peter Walker enlisted as a Private in Company A, 105th Inf. Regiment Pa. on 09 September 1861. He received a disability discharge on 12 January 1862.

Sept. 13th. Saml. Coon visited us from Camp Tennally. Our mess now consists of Wm. M. Blose, Joe Cummiskey, David Cochran, Phillip Wining, & myself. Comminsky, Cochran, & Wining visited Camp Tennally. I received a letter from my wife written by M.K. Smith. They were all well on the 8th. 1 wrote a letter & sent it to Sharp Neil. In the evening we had a prayer meeting under a cedar tree in the camp, about 6 persons commenced it, soon the number increased to 75 or so. The Spirit of the Lord was in our midst, some realized it was good to call upon the (Lord) of God. As we returned to our tents, a young man, a stranger, told me it was the first meeting he had been in since he had left home. Another joined us, he said he was glad to have such opportunities in camp & that they would do better than they had been doing since they came in. They were both church members.

Samuel Coon enlisted as Corporal in Company E, 40th Inf. Regiment Pa. on 09 September 1861. He was transferee! to the 190th Inf. Regiment Pa. on 01 June 1864.

William M.. Blose enlisted as a Private in Company A, 105th Inf. Regiment Pa. on

09 September 1861. He was promoted to Full Corporal on 22 March 1863.

He wax wounded on 27 November 1863 during the Battle of Mine Run, Virginia.

He was promoted to Full Sergeant on 01 December 1864, and to Sergeant First Class on 09 January 1865. He was promoted to 2nd Lieutenant on 08 June 1865, and mustered out on July llth, 1865, at Washington, D.C.

Joseph Cummiskey enlisted as a Private in Company A, 105th Inf. Regiment Pa. on

06 September 1861. He was promoted to Full Corporal on 09 January 1865, then to Full Sergeant on 09 June 1865. He mustered out on 11 July 1865 at Washington, D.C.

David Cochran enlisted as a Private in Company A, 105th Inf. Regiment Pa. on

09 September 1861. He was wounded at the Battle of Gettyburg on 02 July 1863. He mustered out 11 July 1865 at Washington, D.C.

Phillip Wining enlisted in Company A, 105th Inf. Regiment Pa. on 09 September 1861. He was wounded on 05 May 1864 at the Battle of the Wilderness in Virginia. He left the regiment on 01 January 1865, and became a member of the Penn. Reserve Corps.

Sept. 14th.. About 9 o'clock returned from camp drill where we had been for an hour or two under Lieut. Neil. The officers are lightening the reigns by degrees, are to meet at three for squad drill, & at six for company drill. Having dinner on bread meat & rice, of which we get plenty since we came to Camp Kalarama. Yesterday we got hominy and a kind of soup composed of cabbage, onions, turnips, & pressed into cakes about one inch thick, perhaps eight inches wide, and a foot long. It is truly a vegetable soup. We get something called coffee nearly every meal. Joseph Swisher & I went to Rock Creek, a very muddy stream, caused perhaps by the quick sand of which the shore is comprised, to take a swim. But the water being cold, we did not go in, but washed on the bank. I washed a pair of stockings, I think the first article of wearing apparel ever 1 washed with soap, except a handkerchief. Received a letter from M.K. Smith. Again in the evening we met under the friendly cedar & for about an hour our songs of praise and prayer ascended the hill of the Lord. We heard and answered to the joy of many.

Sept. 15th, Sunday Early, Capt. Freas arrived with 55 men from Ringold, Jefferson County, Pa. Several of our boys visited Camp Tennally. Lieut. Ed Little paid us a visit from Fort Cochran, Arlington Heights, Va. (I) wrote a letter to M.K. Smith, went to hear a chaplain of the preach. At 5 O'clock to prayer meeting. At dark under the cedar …

Captain Freas resigned his commision as Captain of Company G in the early days of December 1861 due to difficulties between himself and Col McKnight.

Sept. 16th, Monday After breakfast J.M. Swisher and I went to the White House, the doors not being open, we took a stroll through the garden to the summer house & hot house where there were many kinds of grapevines, shrubs, onions, & seeds. (At) 9 O'clock doors opened. Went into the East or Reception room, it is 42 by 90 feet, has 8 mirrors 5 by 8 feet in it, 3 splendid chandeliers covered with 4 settees, 4 fine marble mantels, & many other articles of corresponding furniture. It is decidedly the best furnished room ever I was in. Across Penna. Avenue and opposite the White House is a bronze statue of Jackson on a horse of the same material, all on marble rock 8 or 10 feet high & around it. Inside the metal railing is 4 pieces of brass canon about 6 or 8 Ib.ers, evidently captured. This is situated near the center of two or three acres, surrounded by a high metal fence. From thence we made our way to the state house where after raising about 10 feet we landed at a base of a row of columns of about 6 feet in diameter and 6 feet between them, & not less than 30 feet high. We entered and passed through the halls that led to a great number of clerks offices. We went up another flight of stairs, divided into halls and offices much as the one below. These two floors were laid with marble about 1 foot square, alternately white & blue. Passing up another flight of stairs where the hall floors were laid with granite blocks, say 15 inches square. This story resembled the other two in division into halls and offices. Raising another story where part of the floor is laid with granite stone & part with yellow pine board. Leaving the main hall, you enter a narrow hall. On the one side of it is 12 small rooms, say 3 feet square to let off water in, into a chamber attached to the wall, in which there is constantly fresh water running. Along the same side is 20 privies, say 3 by 4 feet. This is on the fifth floor. To the right of the hall is a long room just fitted up for books. There is placed in it all the act of congress, & records of pensions. In fact, all the records that is necessary to keep. From this we made our way to the monument being erected on the point below the city. The base is of granite, 75 feet square, drawn in 18 inches as it raises 3 feet & 14 feet high, evidently not finished. What it will be like when finished I know not. The marble column that stands on the granite is 10 foot square at its base, with a door in the center off the east and west sides. With these exceptions the column is plain, it is perhaps 2 or 3 feet high. Leaving this we directed our course to the patent office & passed around in it to a back apartment not yet finished, but being used as a hospital. A very comfortable place, being well aired and high. Here we beheld over 70 of the 19th Indiana Regiment, and one who had just died. They were well attended by ladies who came from Indiana with the Regiment assisted by ladies of the city. May God bless them for the sisterly tove toward the poor fellows far from home, but not from friends. I saw them washed & cared for as though they were sons and brothers. Having examined many things in the office, we met at the door A.H. Mitchell & M.A. Morris. We went with them to the Post Office & returned with them to the patent office. 1 conducted them into the sick room, or hospital. I talked with a lady who came with the wounded from Baltimore on the 19th, and has been here ever since. The Lord will bless such women in time & reward them with a seat in his kingdom. I will merely mention a few things 1 saw. The coat that General Jackson wore at the Battle of New Orleans. The coat, vest, & breeches that General Washington wore when he resigned his commission to the continental congress. The writing easel he used in all his campaigns, his war sword; staff, or cane, also a part of his tent Tea board. Various pieces of wood, such as a piece of the Charter Oak, a piece of the oak under which William Perm treated with the Indians, a piece of the board that Washington's coffin was made of. The raisor that Capt. James Cook shaved with whilst they were circumnavigating the earth. A Tomohawk that Benj. McCullock presented to Col. David Crockett, 1835. A Face Simila, of 184 medals of various sizes & shapes, presented to officers and soldiers at different times by governments and societies.

In the register of the patent office of this date my name & age & place of residence may be found. As also on the Washington monument; my name & place of residence (in pencil).

My weight is precisely the same today that it was the 29th of Aug. in Indianna Town, & Co. Pa., 139 Lb. I saw General W. Scott passing from his office to his carriage in which he rode a distance of about one square to his private dwelling. When he came out of his office he saluted at us. His step was far from being firm & was (attended) to by one of his body guard, that seemed to be necessary

for his support. His appearance demands respect, wears a plain uniform,............ said to weigh 285 Lb., ...I think it is not overstated.

General Winfield Scott was bom 13 June 1786 in Petersburg, Virginia. He joined the army in 1808, advanced to Lieulenat Colonel in the War of 1812, when he became a national hero. He was made General-in-Chief of the Army in 1841, and was a Presidential candidate in 1852. Due to ill health, he resigned from the Army on 09 August 1861. General Scott died 29 May 1865 at West Point, N. Y.

Sept. 18th. Wrote a letter to Dott. Swisher. One to W.S. Swisher & one to wife, all in one envelope in the afternoon. The 46th Pa. Regiment arrived from Camp Cameron, Pa. Col. J.A. Mathis is Capt. of Company A. This evening there was considerable confusion in camp on account the commissary had no bread. We ate our meat & sipped our coffee to it. At 9 O'clock, bread came & we ate it by itself. I ate six. Came sick over night in camp. John Poell visited us today.

Sept. 19th. Drilled before breakfast. Reported myself sick after breakfast, having the diarrhea, more properly the dysentery. Captain Hastings arrived and with him W.W. Corbet. Geo. Cambell & F. Hendrix visited us from Camp Kocochran. Got a dose of syrup from Dr. Weed that seemed to relieve me. Attended company drill in the evening & prayer meeting inside the guard, with the stary heaven for covering and the moon for light. In the morning had visited with 46th Pa. Regiment, Company A, talked with Elias Link, Capt. J.A. Matthews & others.

Elias Link enlisted in Company A, 46th Inf. Regiment Pa. on 02 September 1861. He died at Harper's Ferry, West Virginia, on 11 November 1862.

Sept. 20th. Company drill before breakfast. Sergeant S. Hiblar departed for Washington to be in the lock-up for 5 day. He got a pass on the 17th to 5 o'clock, but forgetting to return, becoming disorderly, the city guard attended to him. Whilst on drill after breakfast we saw a balloon to the southeast. (It was) supposed to be over the Potomac, attached to a boat, viewing the rebel camps. It came down in 15 to 20 minutes, one hour after, it was reported up again. William Fair manned it. Adams and Daniel Pohamus paid us a visit. Capt. John Rose of Toscatown arrived with 40 men (from) Chesserich, Clearfield County, Pa. Capt. M.M. Dick arrived with 102 men from Swichly Turnpike, of Maryland County, Pa. & joined us. We moved our tents in line with new tents put up for our men, which they left for Capt Rose's Company, so that each company might quarter in one row of tents. Samuel Hibler returned & stated that his pass was dated 17 instead of 18, the reason he was taken up, but a poor excuse is better than none. Yesterday 1 saw an eel about two feet long that was caught by a soldier of our Regiment in Rock Creek within 3 00 yards of our camp. Another told me he caught two last night & is now digging bait to fish tonight with. D. Charles Wood, of Punxsutawney, Jefferson County, is elected Assistant Regiment sergeant.

Daniel Pohamus enlisted as a Private in Company D, 105th Inf. Regiment Pa. on

28 August 1861. He was wounded 02 July 1863 at the Battle of Gettysburg, later discharged on 10 December 1863 due to his wounds.

Samuel Hiblar enlisted as a Sergeant in Company A, 105th Inf. Regiment Pa. on

06 September 1861. He received a disability discharge on 04 March 1863.

Sept. 21st. After morning drill & breakfast, Capt. Nicholson of Brookville came in with 93 men. The men are principally from Peryville & Punxsutawney. 1 received a letter from M.K. Smith, by W. Hendrix. Joseph received a letter from father for us both. (I) saw a balloon on the Virginia side. Supposed to be taking observations of rebel camps, (the following two sentences were crossed out) Capt. John Rose of Clear-field arrived with a part of a company and joined our regiment. M.M. Dick of the Serachly Infantry, West Marland County, Pa., left Col. Leasurer's regiment & attached himself & company of 102 men to A.A. McKnight. The 46th Pa. Regiment left about 4:00 P.M. as they (were) supposed to for Harper's Ferry. The 4.. immediately encamped on the ground the 46th left. I wrote a letter to uncle John Husser. (It) rained in the evening & night.

Sept. 22nd. Sunday No roll call. Detached as guard for 24 hours for the first time. I was on first relief, stood from 9 to 11, from 3 to 5, from 9 to 11, & from 3 to 5 again. There was preaching in our camp by the Rev. Dick at 10:00 A.M. But being on guard, I could not attend. Prayer meeting after dark, no roll call, or drill all day. Night cool, no guard tents, lay on the ground from 11 to 3:00 A.M. Sept 23rd, under two blankets, too cold to sleep.

Sept. 23rd, Monday Morning (roll) call & drill. After breakfast got a pass for myself and one other man, took B.D. Blose along to Camp Tennally. (We) went across Rock Creek on a bridge & passed through Georgetown. The streets are not wide, sidewalks very narrow, with innumerably shade trees (generally locust) growing in them. Our way led us up an assent & through cuts of 10 to 20 feet, the soil had not the appearance of being good. On top was sand a foot or more, then river stone & gravel, & in one place a bed of sand 6 or 8 feet deep, that they were hauling away, perhaps for buildings. As far as 1 have passed through the D.C. it has the appearance of having been a walk to the top of the highest hills. Whence came this eruption in nature, I leave for wiser heads. At Camp Tennally at Tennallytown, about 3 1II miles from Camp Kocochran, saw William McCaslin, Samuel Coon, John Cumminsky, Theod. Means & others that I knew, also a miniature fort about 20 feet long, lOto 15 feet wide, well gotten up. Whilst there, Col. Galagar's Reg., 11 th Pa. Regiment, (except for Company E, which was left to guard the tents) left for the Big Falls, 14 miles up the Potomac, as a 7 day scouting picket. On our way back we were stopped at Georgetown by a guard, because D. Blose, having a military cap, (one he had worn all winter,) but having a pass we were not detained. In town we met over 100 government horses. Arrived at camp about 5:00 P.M., got supper partly ate, had to go on drill. In the morning saw a balloon just filled in a camp on the Virginia side & raised for a view of the rebel camps. On those heights a balloon goes up once or twice nearly every day, to view the rebels position.

Samuel Coon, Corporal, enlisted in Company E, 40th Inf. Regiment Pa. on 09 Sept. 1861.

Sept. 24th., Tuesday Nothing of importance, only 27 recruits came in for Capt. Frease's company. I wrote a letter (to) L.L. Lewis, one to Robt. M. Swisher,& another to James E. Mifflin, Luneatta County, Pa. Received a letter from S. Neil. It being FAST DAY, appointed by President Lincoln & Commander Scott. Morning drill, prayer meeting at 11, preaching by the Rev. Shafa at 3, & prayer meeting at 6, it turned into a class meeting & I left.

Sept. 27th. Rained a little several times during the night. Morning drill, breakfast late, Wilson Keys arrived with 22 new recruits from Warsaw Turnpike, Jefferson County, Pa. It still continues wet, on which account I was detailed as guard instead of John Means, Jr, who is always complaining. Guarded the commissaries til 2 P.M. Moved all the regiment quarters, except the offices, commissaries & guards about 200 yards to another part of the camp. 5 P.M., rained hard. High winds blew down several of the tents. 11 P.M., wind fell. About M(midnight) cleared up, very cold.

John Means, Jr, enlisted as a Private in Company A, 105th Inf. Regiment Pa. on

09 September 1861. He was wounded during (he Battle of Second Manassas on 29 August 1862 and discharged due to his wounds on 11 September 1862.

Sept. 28th. 6 A.M., off guard. Breakfast, went to Georgetown, distance about one mile. Passed the Presbyterian Church, erected in the year 1788, under the supervision of The Rev. Stephen B. Balch, who remained the pastor until 1855, when he died. The Catholic convent, corner of 3rd & Fielte St. is about 200 feet long, 5 stories high at the lower end, has a pleasing finish outside. Visited the reservoir for the town. It is on an eminence from which one has a splendid view of the city, the Potomac, & bay by Washington. The cemetery is situated on a bank of Rock Creek, contains 2 acres,a splendid place for family vaults, and there are several places for a coffin, 4 in width, some 3, others 4 feet in height. There is a space between them & the door so that the small vaults can be drawn out, the coffin placed in it sealed up & shoved in & the grated iron paling door locked. The monument to the memory of Alex De Bordisco, council & Polentairy of the Emperor of Russia is a round neat column of stone, brought from Russia, none others in this country. The colors are dark grey, blending to black.

Arrived in camp where all is excitement, having got orders to march in 30 minutes, and the wagons here to haul the tents and baggage to the 6th street wharf, where we are going to without guns or uniforms. 2 P.M., marched into the city pass the White House & state house. Capt. Hastings came with a countermand, marched to camp again & pitched our tents.

The gentleman who had care of the Georgetown cemetery receives $800.00, house free, cow pastures & wood, and a piece of burial ground. $12.00 for one grave & 50 cents per square foot for any additional quantity of ground.

Sept. 29th, Sunday Roll Call, no Sunday drill for sometime past, according to General Orders from General McCIellan, 11 A.M. preaching near our tents by Rev. Brown, Chaplin to Col. Leasure's regiment. Cleaned & cooked a chicken for which Joseph Commisky gave 50 cents (who is sick) at a house nearby. 6 P.M., Prayer meeting near our tents, where the presence of the Lord was felt by many, an appointment for Tuesday evening if circumstance will admit. Joseph M. Swisher has led nearly all the prayer meetings in our company & regiment. Received a letter from Dott. Swisher in one directed to Joseph.

Sept. 30th., Monday By the National Republican, got news of the fighting on Saturday, the rebels beaten. General Baker's Brigade, after separating, came together mistaking one & other for rebels, fired and killed 9, wounded 20 of their own men. Nine hundred fifty rifled muskets & cartridges were brought to camp, but they are not being the Enfield rifles as promised, & according to the order by Capt. Hastings, acting Colonel for McKnight, went to the garrison, as they could not furnish the rifles. Now we have to keep the the muskets for the present, with the promise of rifles in two or three weeks.

Oct. 1st. Roll call, breakfast, called together. Each private & noncommissioned officer a musket, wipers, & about every fourth man a screwdriver. Dismissed, stayed in tents, got bread for dinner & 1 ate it. Col. McKnight arrived 11 A.M., marched through Washington, crossed the Potomac on die long bridge, said to be 1 1/2 miles long. Got to Alexandria about 4 P.M. A distance of about 10 miles from Camp Kalarama & 6 from Washington. On our way we passed through three forts built on both sides of the road & picketed up to the gate, with logs set in & sharpened on the upper end. On the side next to Alexandria, tree tops were laid close. Again the pickets and branches sharpened. At Alexandria we waited until the wagons came up, when we started in a western direction. After marching about 2 1121 miles we halted at Camp Franklin, where we pitched tents. This camp is pleasantly located on Flag Hill, an eminence commanding a good view of the surrounding country. The water is good. As we passed through Alexandria, sport was made of us, perhaps on account of us not having any uniforms. Alexandria is a large & well laid out town, on a very handsome flat, high enough to be dry, built on the bank of the Potomac. The first time in my life that! was sorry that I was a Pennsylvanian was when we was marching through the city under orders to go into an enemies country without uniforms, our clothes ragged, and worse without arms to defend ourselves. The next time was when the citizenry of Alexandria, Va., were making fun of our ragged appearances, when troops of other states were uniformed at home.

Oct. 2nd. 75 of our company were detailed for guard. That took all that were well & some that had reported themselves sick. The guard was well treated that night by our officers.

Oct 3rd. Wrote a letter home to wife & sons. News of a heavy battle at Fairfax Courthouse. The rebels havinglost about a 1000 men and driven backabout 15 miles. 3 1/2 P.M. The regiment on dress parade for the first time. Received a letter from wife & sons, the first she has written in the last 20 years. It was well done, giving good encouragement to me. May the God in Heaven enable me to follow he council, (she) is in my prayers.

Oct 4th. Roll Call, breakfast, officers drill. 11 A.M., Company Drill. Dinner we got 8 crackers, the messes showed them to the Colonel, who said it was not enough, the Lieutenant gave us two more. 1:30 P.M., company drill. As we went out we met the Rev. D.S. Steadman & with him 12 recruits for Capt. Dowling's company. 3:30 P.M. Parade drill until sunset. Got hominy with boiled potatoes, with skin s on, pork we fried & coffee we made of grounded coffee we had saved. Neither bread or crackers for supper. The crackers were moldy. Our Lieutenant would not have them. Whilst on Parade drill, a balloon raised nearly west of us, passed around to the north & disappeared in the east.

In the early days of December 1861 Captain Dowling resigned his commision due to difficulties between him and Col. McKnight.

Oct 5th. Roll Call. I made coffee & fried bacon, cooked boiled potatoes & hominy. No bread for breakfast. 9:00 A.M., company drill to 11:00 A.M. While on drill ....Hogan of Capt. Rose's Clearfield company died of the effects of poison taken in whiskey that he got in Washington Sept. 23rd & has been vomiting & freezing ever since. P.M. (Hogan's body) was taken to Alexandria, followed by Rose's company & a few others & there interred. One of the company was slightly sunstruck, but brought back to the camp, D.C. Gilespie. G. Micheal, Joseph Hall, & M. Blood of Brookville, Pa., arrived on an electioneering tour. S. Steadman returned to Harrisburg, Pa. Dress Parade at 5:00 P.M.

Sebastian Hogan enlisted in Company D, 105th Infantry Regiment on 28 August 1861. He died of disease at Camp Kalarama 04 October 1861.

Oct 6th., Sunday Roll call. Got one undershirt. Breakfast. 9:00 A.M., marched to parade grounds, passed inspection of arms, returned. Wrote a letter to Rev. M.Cooper, Punxsutawney, Pa. Got stockings. Dress Parade. Prayer meeting in the evening at which the Lord was present in spirit to the joy and comfort to the many that were present. The meeting was changed to a class or experience meeting, when I left.

Oct. 7th. Helped cook dinner. Received a letter from Robert. Funerals passed our camp from other regiments. 3:30 P.M., regiment drill, returned in last. Got knapsacks & canteens. Heavy cloud, distant but sharp lightning. After dark very heavy rain, canvas tightened. Ground softened & after midnight during heavy rain all the pins on one side gave way & tent fell partially upon us. After searching several tents I got an axe, but the pins would'nt hold. By the time I cut poles at the wood pile & propped up the tent, 1 was pretty wet, but (by) laying close as we had to, 1 soon became warm & slept tolerably well.

Oct. 8th. Morning cool & cloudy. 8:30 A.M., went to company drill, rained a little which caused us to come in. P.M., Election, voted as if at home, for county officers, assemblymen, & senator, etc. Got our cartridges & caps, bayonet scabbard, etc. Helped J. Beck cook in place of J. Imler, who is sick. Prayer meeting in the evening, 1 was not at it. Received a letter from M.K. Smith.

John Beck enlisted as a Private in Company A, 105th Inf. Regiment Pa. on 09 September 1861. He died of disease on 15 June 1862 near Richmond, Virginia.

John P. Imler enlisted in Company A, 105th Inf. Regiment Pa. on 09 September 1861. He was killed at the Battle of Second Manassas on 29 August 1862.

Oct. 10 th. Conversed with Rev. D.S. Steadman & made a partial contract with him for Robert to come & cook for fourteen dollars per month. Wrote a letter to Robert instructing him if he came, how to come.

Oct. 11 th. Dr. Highold returned home & promised to bring a boy with him for D.S. Steadman if he could, so I did'nt send the letter written for Robert.

Oct. 12th. Detailed for guard, second relief. Went on at 10 A.M., relieved at 12 Noon. Received a letter from James Ebbs Mifflin, Juneatta County, Pa. Whilst at dinner the orders were to pack up & strike tents in haste, which we did. At 2 P.M. went on guard. The Regiment teams loaded up the commissary quarters and started, & with them the first relief. I was relieved at 4 P.M., went on again at 6 P.M. The teams returned & with them a train, (that is, 25 four horse teams). They all loaded, then about dark, the Regiment and teams, except for the second relief, started to Fort Lyon, about 3 1/2 miles distant. With them nearly all the tents & baggage. We stayed to guard what was left, such as some of the commissaries, goods, & board for floors and tables for the tents. I, with others, was immediately placed on guard by Sergent Mitchell for one hour, the second relief being divided into three. I gathered up the boards on the street that I was placed on. Piled up some & built a kind of shanty with the balance. One of Capt. Dowling's company made coffee for all. Sergeant A.H. Mitchell brought some potatoes, which I roasted while he and Robert Marsh brought coffee & crackers. We had a sumptuous repast & slept very well to be on guard, having nothing to guard but the boards that composed one side & roof of our shanty. Mitchell, being Sergeant of the guard, was aroused several times in the night, having plenty of wood, kept a good fire.

Oct. 13th., Sunday Sergent Mitchell borrowed a camp kettle & arranged the relief while R. Marsh & I made coffee, warmed our roasted potatoes, upon which we made a very good breakfast with bread and crackers. Cool & windy. Noon, we had a very good dinner of what was left of breakfast. 4 P.M., the teams returned for the second time today. When loaded, we came with them 2 1/2 miles to Camp Jameson about dark, where we found the boys all in good spirits, in a new encampment in a field, on George Mason's farm.

Oct. 14th., Monday Ice and a heavy frost, the first I've seen this fall. Roll call, breakfast, drill by Capt. Hastings. 36 men detailed to work on Fort Lyon. After dinner at the fort, 12 carpenters detailed, and I was among them. Returned to camp at 4 or 5 P.M. As there was one carpenter of each regiment to be detailed to work on the fort until finished, Capt. Hastings asked me if I would be that detail of his company, at 40 cents per day, what the carpenters were entitled to. I answered in the affirmative. Wrote a letter to wife & sons.

Fort Lyon was named after Union General Nathaniel Lyon who was killed 10 August 1861 at the Battle of Wilson's Creek, near Springfield, Missouri. Fort Lyon was located just south of Alexandria, near today where U.S. 1 and Virginia State road 629 juncture.

Oct. 15th. Tuesday Worked on fort, returned for dinner & supper. Received a letter from son & a pair of gloves from wife, by John G. Leasure, who came among recruits & with them, Dr. Altman, John R. Reese, & Isaac Jordan, all from Jefferson County, Pa.

Oct. 16th. Worked on Fort Lyons, William Elford is best carpenter. After going to bed, Lieut. Neil passed around the quarters of our company & ordered everyone to be ready to march In a minutes warning. Heavy cannonading in the evening, and occasionally all night.

Oct. 17th. Worked on Fort Lyons.
Oct. 18th. Worked on Fort Lyons.

Oct. 19th. Worked on fort. Rained in the forenoon. Saw in Michigan 5th Regiment, 1 horse & 3 rebel men captured by a scrimmaging party sent on the 18th. 11 A.M., saw the 5th Michigan Regiment bury one of their men, & the 3rd Michigan one of theirs.

The next page of the diary apparently is missing. The following paragraph was evidently written on October 25, 1861.

it as hard as they can. They want to get the guns mounted as soon as they can. What the hurry is, 1 know not. All the soldiers that are not detailed as guards, or on the fort, are on battalion drill for inspection by the generals. Joseph Swisher worked on the fort today, the first work he has done for a week or more. He has not been able to drill.

Oct. 26th. Went to work at the fort. The first gun mounted in Fort Lyon was a 32 Ib. It was mounted on a platform that James & I erected, as it was finished first. 10 A.M., got the end of the finger next to the little finger smashed open on both sides back to the first joint. A Sergeant of the 2nd Michigan Regiment that was encamped near the fort, dressed it the nicest of anything I've ever seen done. But after dinner I fell & the piece, or ball, of the finger slipped from its place. 1 then returned to camp, brought with me a strip with a slide on it to measure the height of the men. Dr. Wood, adjutant sergeant of the regiment, dressed my finger, but such a dressed wound. Got "A" for my cap. Joseph Swisher made a finger stall for me.

The letter "A" refers to an insignia far his cap, noting his company assignment.

Oct. 27th., Sunday The Captain was away on business for the Colonel. There was a religious service in the camp that I know of. In the evening H.M. Coon returned with 10 new recruits for Company G. He brought me a letter from Robert & one from Rachel, & two pair of socks.

Harrison M. Coon enlisted as a Private on 25 October 1861 in Company G, 105th Infantry Regiment Pa. He was promoted to Full Quartermaster Sergeant on 26 October 1861.

Oct. 28th., Monday Wrote a letter for wife.

Oct. 29th. Went to visit Fort Lyon in company with M.A. Morris, who has been sick a month or more & wanted company to take a walk.

Oct. 30th., Wednesday Got a certificate for my wife to draw county relief funds. Got a pass, went to Alexandria for white paint. Returned at noon. Marked knapsacks until dark. Finished the letter I began the 28th for wife and sons, enclosed certificate.

Oct. 31st, Thursday Marked knapsacks all day except when we were on examination, by which to

make our own payrolls by. In the afternoon we got overcoats, but some of them were so poor that they were taken back by the captain. I got a good one.

Nov. 1st. I marked knapsacks in the evening. T.S. Mitchell & J. Grossman paid a visit to our camp. David Heighney came yesterday.

Jacob F, Grossman enlisted as a Private 14 August 1861 in Company F, 106th Inf. Regiment Pa.

David Haney enlisted as a Private 01 September 1861 in Company B, 46th Inf. Regiment Pa. He died 2 5 May 1862.

Nov. 2nd., Saturday Rained all night, continued raining until noon, with some hail or sleet, & high winds until evening. Cleared up in the night.

Nov. 3rd., Sunday The sandy nature of the ground dried it off by morning. After breakfast we got white flannel shirts, & felt hat. 2 P.M., preaching by the chaplin. Prayer meeting in the evening & the presence of the Lord was felt. For some time I had been rather negligent, but was encouraged to continue in the high way of holiness by doubling my deligence in the service of the Lord.

Monday & Tuesday, marked knapsacks all day.

Nov. 8th. Frost in morning, day pleasant. 2nd Leiutenant M.A. Morris resigned on account of ill health, & W.J. Clyde, 1 st Sergeant, elected to fill the vacancy. All the sergeants and coporals raised one number. Wesley Hoover appointed 8th Coporal. Recieved a letter from Robert & one from Peter Jordan. At a prayer meeting just outside the tents on the parade ground, General Jameson lead in prayer.

William J. Clyde enlisted as a Sergeant 1st class in Company A, 105th Infantry Regiment Pa on 06 September 1861. He was promoted to Second Lieutenant 08 November 1861, and to FirstLieutenent 27 September 1862, then became Captain 09 February 1863. He was wounded 30 June 1862 at the Battle of Fair Oaks, Va. He was wounded 29 August at 2nd Bull Run, Va. He was wounded 13 December 1862 at the Battle of Fredericksburg, Va. He was wounded 03 May 1863 at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Va. He was wounded 02 July 1863 at the Battle of Gettysburg, Pa. He was killed 06 May 1864 at the Battle of the Wilderness in Virginia.

Charles Davis Jameson enlisted as a Colonel on 02 May 1861 at the age of 34. Prior to his enlistment he was a lumber manufacturer in Bangor, Maine. He was promoted to Full-Brig-General on 03 September 1861. He was placed in command of the First Brigade, Third Division, Third Army Corps in October 1861. He died of disease 06 November 1862 in Bangor, Maine.

Wesley P. Hoover enlisted as a Private in Company A, 105th Infantry Regiment Pa on 09 September 1861. He was promoted to Corporal 18 November 1861, then to Sergeant 01 March 1863. He was discharged after three years, the expiration of term of service.

Nov. 9th. Morning pleasant. Mailed a letter to Dr. Joseph Shields previously written by Joseph Swisher & myself. After noon it began to rain & continued until 4 o'clock when it became cool.

Nov. 10th., Sunday After a heavy frost the day became pleasant. I wrote a letter to Sarah E. Blose by William M. Blose who mailed it with his, & another for William S. Swisher, but did not send it yet. Attended preaching where a Christian association was formed, but the articles of membership appeared too binding for me. I cannot consistently subscribe to that I cannot come near to fulfilling. So I will not attach myself to it until there is an alteration to the constitution.

Nov. llth., Monday Cloudy & rather cool to be pleasant. I gave 12 cents for washing a shirt, the last cent I had. But afternoon we were all called in company & marched to the captain's quarters. I signed the payrolls. Then the word come to the general quarters that our pickets were driven back. We were ordered to put on our uniforms, coats & cartridge boxes in haste. By the time we got in ranks the orders were countered. So we stacked our guns & marched to the colonel's quarters, where we recieved 27 dollars & 23 cent, being the amount due us for our service from the 28th of August until the 1st. of October. Evening pleasant.

Nov. 12th., Tuesday One o'clock (in the ) morning, Order came to be ready to march at 4 A.M. Word came of the death of William Leech. All the members of Company A, of which he was a member, repaired to the captain's quarters, & each gave $1.00 to defray the expence of embalming and conveying the corpse home. The commisioned officers gave $2.50. Breakfast over by 4 A.M. All the regiment except the cooks & sick were in ranks. The finger I had smashed was so I could not carry a gun, so I was compelled to remain in camp. This is a long day. & I will carry my gun and load it with one hand before I will stay behind again. Our regiment, General Jamison's Battalion, with others, about 30,000, marched about 12 miles. Returned in the evening without seeing an enemy. I was glad to see them.

NOTE: William states in his remarks that his estimate of Gen. Jamison's Battalion to be, "30,000". He most likely meant "3000".

William Leech enlisted as a Private in Company A, 105th Inf. Regiment Pa. on 09 September 1861. He died of disease at Camp Jameson, Virginia, on 11 November 1861.

Nov. 14th. Got a pass of William Elford, fort carpenter. Went to Alexandria, got a bill for the fort. Got a piece off the door through which Ellsworth was shot in the house. Rain in the afternoon prevented me from getting my likeness taken. Returned to camp after dark.

Nov. 15th. Went to Fort Lyon. Wet & cloudy all day. In the evening crackers & sugar were issued for two days ration.

Nov. 16th., Saturday Boiled pork issued for two days rations. Breakfasted on rations issued yesterday morning. Orders, put on blouse & overcoat, nothing in knapsacks but blankets, canteen. 8 A.M., Company A, all who were able, 78 & 22 of Company K, marched for picket 7 miles south. There, were 17 stationed at the different posts which were from 30 rod to 112 mile apart. Some in old houses, others in tents made of rails and brush. After dinner B.D.Blose went to a brick house & bought swett and irish potatoes, & butter. (He) said house was built 200 years ago. The bricks were imported from England. The present proprietor repaired the house when young and is now over 80 years old. Supper on cold meat & roast potatoes (with salts) hard crackers, & sweeten water. There were five at our post, of which two sat or stood in concealed places at once. Night cold, heavy ice, but no frost. Darest not have a fire at night.

Nov. 17th,, Sunday Borrowed a coffee pot at the next post, and made coffee (of part of some I found at our post). For breakfast, dinner, roast potatoes, cold meat, crackers, & sweeten water. Borrowed an iron pot and cooked cabbage & turnips, in which we put cold pork, which made them first rate. And with two corn cakes which we bought for ten cents apiece, made a sumptious supper. Guard the same as previous night, only not quite as cold.

Nov. 18th, Monday Borrowed the pot again and made the balance of our coffee for breakfast. Bought a corn cake for 12 cents that with meat made dinner for four of us. The relief expected any minute. I can only say for Virginia, it looks to be poor land. A great deal of it growing up to be sprouts, even to thickets. Poor houses, worse barns, with little fence before and since the war commenced. Evening no relief came. The boys brought in some cabbages & turnips, which we cooked as before. We bought two corn cakes for 24 cents, & had a good supper. A wagon with bread, crackers, & boiled meat arrived at headquarters at 9 o'clock, but was not given out until morning. A relief of 30 men came.

Nov. 19th. About 10 A.M., we left our post and formed (our) company near headquarters. Arrived in camp at P.M. Got supper early, roll call at 7 P.M. Slept sound, although the night was the coldest we've had felt this fall.

Nov. 20th.. Heavy frost, ground hard froze. All puddles of water hard froze over. Our dish cloth froze in our tent. The day was tolerably pleasant. I marked knapsacks in our tent.

Nov. 22nd. Went to Alexandria, put a letter in the office for Winfield. Bought a box to send carpet sack home in. Received a letter from home, and one from Rev. L. Cooper, Punxatawney.

Nov. 23rd. Rained through the night, continued in the morning, afternoon pleasant.

Nov. 24th., Sunday Cool air & frost. Left mess No. 13, & went into mess No. 1 with Robert H. Marsh, George Gosheen, and B.D. Blose. Wrote letter to Robert Hamilton & one to Mary Johnson, & one to family. I P.M., heard the Rev. D.S. Steadman preach a very good sermon from Hebrews XII chapter, 1 &2 verses. Received a letter from Dr. J. Shields. Evening cool & cloudy, snow after dark, but melted wherever it fell on the ground.

Robert H. Marsh enlisted as a Private in Company A, 105th Inf. Regiment Pa. on

09 September 1861. He died in Camp Jameson, Virginia, 02 January 1862

Nov. 25th. Started a box on the Addams Express at Alexandria, Va., marked for Robert Hamilton, Perryville, Jefferson County, Pa., with knapsack with clothes in belonging to several soldiers. Bought 2 revolvers & all belongs to it for $27.00. Returned to camp in the evening, having bought a pair of gloves for myself at $ 1.25.

Nov. 28th. This was Fast Day by Proclamation by the President. We received new tents & had to put them up, which was quite a job. They were large & round, and we had to level the ground. 1 P.M., David Logan went to Alexandria, & bought a sheet iron stove for $3.00, four joints of pipe & elbows, and a tin plate to sew in the canvass to put the pipe through for 90 cents. This evening it rained but our stove kept us quite comfortable. There is seventeen to quarter in this tent as there are only five for the company, but there seems to be more room than in the old ones, of which the Quartermaster will keep one, & the cooks two. I called to see Charles B. Coon yesterday & today. He is laying with the Typhoid fever at a house in Alexandria.

David W. Logan enlisted as a Private in Company A, 105th Inf. Regiment Pa. on

06 September 1861. He was promoted to Full Corporal 08 November 1861. He received a disability discharge on 15 December 1862.

Charles B. Coon enlisted as a Captain of Company G, 105th Inf. Regiment Pa. on

25 October 1861. He resigned on 15 April 1862 due to ill health.

Dec. 1st. This day has brought my forty second birthday & I thank God my health is good, although my enjoyments are not as great as they have been. Yet I feel determined, God assisting, to live more to his honor & for his glory, & coming, than in the past year of my life, & to the end thereof, so that I may, when done with time, be admitted into that bright world above.

I spent the day principally in writing letters to my father's family, that is, one to father, one to mother, one to Isabella C. Swisher, & another to John Swisher. I attended preaching in camp. Chaplain was brief for the air was cool, if not frosty.

Dec. 5th. Very Pleasant today. The ground which had been froze for several days thawed in places so that it is quite muddy . This evening orders came for 75 men of Company A for picket. I wrote a letter to Robert & sent with it a roll of Company A. Also a letter to wife, & one to Winfield.

Dec. 6th. Marched south about 9 miles, & was posted near & in a line running at a right angle with the Potomac. The third post from the rear of Company A, of which I was one, was quartered in the Mount Vernon M.E. Chapel. At the crossroads, headquarters of Company A in a Quaker church.

Dec. 7th. Visited all the posts between quarters & the Potomac. Also the Woodland house through & around which Mr. Mason the present proprietor seemed to take pleasure in showing us (R.H. Marsh, J.G. Depp, & myself). He stated Gen. G. Washington gave the plan of the house & its surroundings, & appropriated money for its erection. And by will gave the money and Woodland farm to his Nephew, Mr Lewis, who was, also by Gen. Washington's appointment, the executor of his estate. In the house I saw the General's holsters that he used in the war, & sat on his easy chair. (I) saw his bedstead, it is low and wide, and calculated for curtains. In front of the door is a stone, that was used as a uping block, that was over the door of the old Washington Family vault when their remains was removed. Mr. Major Lewis took the stone & placed it where it now is, on the side next to the house. (It) is in large letters, Washington's Family. Vault is either under ground or on another stone. All around the house above the lower windows was marble slabs, about 3 feet long & 1 foot 4 inches wide, with game & hunters representing a hunting scene in the old country. These slabs, with two splendidly carved mantles, that are in the house yet, were presented to General Washington by, I believe, the King of Italy. When Mr. Mason bought, there was 119 kinds of trees & shrubs. On two of the trees, I saw the mistletoe boughs growing although the trees are dead. The boughs commence to grow as the grass dies in the fall, and remains green all winter. (It) withers & dies out like a toad stool, as the grass shoots forth in the spring. Behind the house is a rose bush that is continually budding & sending forth roses. I cropped a smalt flower not yet blown fiill, which I intend sending my wife. I bought a large mince pie of Mr. Mason for twelve cents & returned to our quarters where J. Myers had a mess pan with cabbage & potatoes cooked for dinner. Spent the afternoon at quarters. J. Myers & A.C. Little guarded our post until midnight. J.H. London & myself until daylight.

John G. Myers enlisted in Company A, 105th Inf. Regiment Pa. on 06 September 1861. He received a disability discharge on 26 December 1863.

John H. London enlisted in Company A, 105th Inf. Regiment Pa. on 09 September 1861. He was mustered out on 09 September 1864, which was the end of his 3-year enlistment.

Albert C. Little enlisted as a Private in Company A, 105th Inf. Regiment Pa. on 06 September 1861. He was wounded 31 May 1862 at the Battle of Fair Oaks. He was promoted to Full Corporal 01 December 1864, then promoted to Full Sergeant 09 January 1865. He was mustered out 11 July 1865 in Washington, D.C.

Dec. 8th., Sunday I bought a Ib. of butter from Richard Tracy for 25 cents, & J. Myers bought from one of his hired hands a genuine johnny cake for 10 or 12 cents. On it we made our breakfast. 12 o'clock the relief came & we repaired to headquarters. The word was that 400-500 rebel calvary were in Acutine, a small village 1 1/2 miles south. We formed company and marched into afield at the turn of the road where we left our knapsacks, haversacks, and coats. We marched in site of Acutine where we found we were on the wrong road. We counter-marched to where we put on our stuff and marched to Mount Vernon. After taking a hasty look at the marble coffins that contain the remains of General Washington & wife, we then hastened to camp where we arrived an hour after dark.

Dec. 9th., Monday Fired of our guns at the target which was on the bottom of a tobacco box, The first two cut the paper & the third the center. The box was split all to pieces. In the afternoon I went to Fort Lyon. Went to Fort Lyon to work & returned in the evening.

Dec. 10th. Four o'clock we were roused up quietly & ordered to form company, as the rebel calvary were advancing. Shortly after, we were allowed to get breakfast as nothing further was done. I went to the fort & returned to camp & packed all my stuff.

Dec. 11th. Took nearly all my stuff and went to the fort to work & took quarters in carpenter shop where about 12 carpenters had been quartered for some time.

Dec. 13th. The first cannon (was) fired in Fort Lyon about 2 P.M. I saw the third one fired. After that there were about nine fired, all blank cartridges. In the afternoon, one of the Lincoln Calvary was shot as a spy in sight of Fort Lyon. He was on picket & outside of the line. He met one of our officers who he took to be a rebel & said he had been looking for him (the officer) for five days. He gave him all the information he could. The officer asked to see his carbine & revolver. When he got it, he told him to dismount as he was his prisoner. He paid the penalty of spying, he was young. In the evening I went to camp for my rations & got a letter from home. Returned, ate supper, wrote a letter to my family.

A more detailed account of the execution of the young man accused of spying was given in the daily journal of 1st. Lieut. Robert L Boyington of Company I, 105th Infantry Regiment Pa. He states, "A man who belonged to the Lincoln Calvary had deserted and gone over to the enemy and who had acted as a spy for them, had been captured by us, wax tried and sentenced to be shot. His coffin was placed in a wagon and he was made to walk after it, passing through the Regiment to a square formed by soldiers. He was blindfolded and made to kneel before his coffin. Twelve men from the regiment had been detailed to execute him. They stepped out and eight of them fired but did not kill him. The other four men fired. Their balls freed his guilty soul from his body. It was witness by 10,000 troops by few of our regiment was there."

Dec. 14th. Frost in the morning as usual, but the day was pleasant, so it has been for nearly two weeks nearly all the time, unless the wind is high, then it is cold.

Dec. 21st. Worked at the fort all week. The weather pleasant until today when it was so cold that 1 could not work without my overcoat & gloves. On Wednesday night our regiment was called out as our pickets were chased in. They returned on Thurday evening not having seen a rebel near enough to shoot. But they did not, as promise, send me any word, & I knew nothing of it until Friday. Read a letter from father, to whom 1 had written on the 19th, & one to H. Swisher.

Dec. 22nd. Sunday Pleasant, evening cloudy. Through the week the carpenter's shop was taken down & we moved our quarters in a room in a shanty in the fort. Daniel Undercoffer & David Johnson went to Mount Vernon. Joseph McCrea to the 53rd Pa. Regiment. So I had the room, 12 feet square, to myself. It is pleasant to spend the sabbath thus in war times, no one to disturb but the talk of the guards & spectators. I improved the time by writing a letter home. 4 P.M., mess, returned after supper. I wrote to Geo. Blose. It began to rain after dark when we put some planks on the roof as it is flat. Rained all night. Our beds kept pretty dry, but wet about the stove.

Daniel Undercoffer enlisted 21 October 1861 in Company 105th Inf. Regiment Pa. He was listed as a deserter in September 1862.

In the above paragraph, William refers to "David Johnson". Company A records did not list a member by that name. Company records do list a Private George M. Johnston. George M. Johnston enlisted 09 September 1861 as a Private in Company A, 105th Inf. Regiment Pa. He died 20 September 1862 of wounds received at the Second Battle of Bull Run on 29 August 1862. He was buried in the Military Asylum Cemetery, Washington, D. C.

Dec. 23rd., Monday Morning continued to rain until towards noon when it commenced to snow, but it melted as fast as it fell. 3 P.M., Cleared up cold. The wind rose. I went to camp for rations & found Robert H. Marsh sick. Did not work this day, wrote a letter to Dr. J. Shields.

Dec. 24th. Very heavy wind through the night, morning cold, ground hard frozen. All the puddles of water in the fort froze over, some 3/4 of inch of ice. The inlet at the mouth of Hunting Creek frozen over. We worked a little, but very little for it was too cold for the tinkering work we were at. Went to camp in the evening for rations.

Dec. 25th. Christmas. 4 A.M., I was aroused by Joseph M. Swisher who came from camp to inform me that our regiment had marching orders. We repaired to camp in haste. Ate a hasty breakfast, got ten crackers for a days rations, & marched immediately. 11 A.M., Halted beyond the Pohick Church. The officers advanced 50 rods & with their glasses saw rebel calvary about 1 1/2 miles distant. As they had proceeded as far as they were ordered, a cannon was brought up & gave them a fire. The whole brigade returned to camp where we arrived after dark. I got sugar from quartermaster & went to the fort.

Dec. 26th., Sunday Ground froze, cloudy in the morning, went to camp, day became pleasant but did not thaw the ground. Read a letter from C.B.B. Harris. Returned to fort, ate dinner. Wrote a letter to Robert & wife & Margaret Lewis. While in camp borrowed fifty cents of Robert Patterson, evening pleasant.

Dec. 30th. Morning pleasant, wind rose but not cold. Remained pleasant all day.

Dec. 31st. A light frost, soon became pleasant. 2 P.M., Daniel Undercoffer, David Johnson, & myself got word & went to camp in haste to be mustered out for pay, but being late our officers answered for us. Got provisions. Went to hospital to see R.H. Marsh & returned to camp.

Jan. 1st, 1862 Whilst we were at breakfast, the carpenters of the bomb-proof, by order of yesterday, commenced tearing down our shanty to move it. Soon we had our stuff out & on a pile ready to help, although it was a holiday. But they wanted us to carry boards for them from a pile below the fort, which we refused to do. Then we scattered. One went to Mount Vernon, one to camp, & another to work at the cellar of a new boarding house, 28 by 84 feet, to be erected for the fort. Whilst I helped a Philadelphia carpenter that came with 2 others on Monday last to make a privy for Mr. Woodfall & officers in the fort, which we finished about 2 P.M. Just then a move was made to raise a flag, the first in Fort Lyon. The pole, a nice white oak, was raised in the fore noon. The band of the 26th N.Y. played a national air. Rev. Bristol, chaplin, of the same regiment, addressed the regiment & spectators, & offered a prayer. Then the flag was hoisted by the wife of Col. William Christian of the 26th N.Y. Regiment. Then twice three cheers was given for the flag of our country, then thirty four shots was fired out of the 25 cannon in the fort. Then I loafed until evening. When the bombproof carpenters left, having fixed our shanty, we swept out our quarters, put up our stove, cooked & ate our supper. (We) arranged our beds, fixed up our guns, & other stuff. Thus I spent the first day of the year 1862. It was really the pleasantest New Years Day 1 ever saw. A man could be about comfortably in his shirt sleeves.

Jan. 2nd. Morning cool, last night wind very high, continued cool all day, high wind occasionally. In the evening went to camp where 1 learned that Robert H. Marsh had just died. Got rations & returned to camp where we had a first rate supper. D. Johnson had received a box of good things from home, & divided with the mess.

Jan, 3rd. Morning cool. William Elford absent. Made handle for buck cutter, 8 inches long for Mr. Wood fall. After dinner, John Buchanan & I went to Alexandria, came to fort, and cooked sauerkraut that D. Johnsons" wife sent him. Of this we had a real Dutch supper. After dark it snowed & sleeted, and turned to rain. It remained cool all day.

Jan. 4th. The rain ceased before bedtime last night & got cold. In the morning the ground was covered with snow. It remained cold all day. In the evening I went to camp for rations, & drew a blanket and pair of pants.

Jan. 5th., Sunday Remained in the fort, wrote letter to wife & sons. Before dinner was ready, Joseph M. Swisher came from camp, dined with us, & wrote a letter to his wife. Cool all day, cloudy in the evening.

Jan. 6th. Morning cool, having snowed a little in the night, so the ground was covered. This is genuine Virginia winter, and said to be colder than any last year. I worked with two others, John Buchanan, soldier, & S. G. Getz of Philadelphia in the bomb proof at the bench. 5 P.M., Went to camp and found John Blose sick.

John Blose enlisted 09 September 1861 in Company A, 105th Inf. Regiment Pa.

He recieved a disability discharge 08 August 1862.

Jan. 9th. Rained nearly all night. Saturated, ground thawed. I went to camp and signed payroll, ate dinner with Joseph M. Swisher, returned to fort. Made flag staffs for right & left guides for our regiment. Awfiil muddy in the fort on account of the thaw. 5 P.M., So foggy that one could not see another at thirty yards.

Jan. 10th. Went to camp, was met on the way by D.Y. Salsgiver who informed me the paymaster had arrived. We hastened to camp, got twenty six dollars for two months service. Gave one dollar, as did all the privates, the officers more, of Company A, to defray the expense of embalming & conveying home the remains of Robert H. Marsh who had lain in Washington since the 3rd (January). Gave Joseph M. Swisher twenty dollars to send to my wife by Capt. Hastings who intends starting home in the morning on a furlow often days. Got rations and returned to fort, wrote a letter to my wife. While in camp, received letters from father , wife & sons and Margaret Lewis, also of H.T. Swisher & Jcb. C. Douglass.

David Y. Salsgiver enlisted in Company A, 105th Inf. Regiment Pa. on 09 September 1861. He was promoted to Full Corporal on 22 March 1863. He was killed 22 June 1864 at the Battle of Petersburg, Virgina. He was buried in Popular Grove Cemetery, Divison D, Section C, grave 273

Jan. llth., Saturday Went to Alexandria and to the river. The channel was full of floating ice having been kept open by the steamer posing down & up every night. Bought a shirt, gold pen, & etc. (1) ate dinner in the Market House in company with J.M. Cree, got buckwheat cakes, sweet potatoes & c., & coffee for 25 cents. Returned to fort. After supper wrote a letter for son Robert.

Jan. 12th., Sunday Very pleasant. Went to 26th N.Y Regiment, heard the Rev. Bristol, Chaplain of same regiment, preach at 11 A.M. After dinner went to camp in company of S.F. Getz, of Philadelphia, he to the 26th camp, & we got rations. After parade dress, J.M. Swisher invited us to supper, we accepted. Returned to fort.

Jan. 13th. Mailed a letter to Robert & W.S. Swisher. Worked at house for fort handy, day became cool.

Jan. 14th. Snowed & blowed through the night. In the morning cold, snow occasionally through the day. Toward the evening very cold. Worked at the house for the fort. Mailed letter this morning to H.T. Swisher.

Jan. 15th. Rained & sleeted nearly all day. Wrote to Kevin Robinson, Brookville. Worked at house for garrison for fort.

Jan. 16th. Cool in the morning, became pleasant. Worked at house. In the evening Adam West, a Philadelphia carpenter, went to Alexandria for letters. On his return he was knocked down & kicked & pocket book taken out of his pocket. He was brought to the fort on a horse. He could hardly speak, the ruffians were soldiers.

Jan. 17th. Day pleasant, went to camp for rations. Got a letter & a present of several steel pens, from S. T. Getz of Philadelphia. Got a letter from wife & one from son Robert.

Jan 18th. Day warm, worked on house for the fort. About four o'clock, five soldiers, all that was at work from the 105th Regiment, were discharged. We quit work immediately.

Jan. 19th., Sunday Went to camp to see if my place was kept in Mess No. 1. Returned to the fort. But as it had rained from about midnight and was yet raining at 2 P.M., we concluded not to move our stuff in the rain & mud, for I had never seen roads so bad. Wrote a letter to wife & sons.

Jan. 20th., Monday Rose early, got breakfast. Packed our stuff, took part on our backs to camp. The regiment was about ready to go on picket. But as our shanty was ordered to be torn down, we had to return (to the fort). I for gun, knapsack, and they for other things. The (picket) order being countermanded, we went to Alexandria, (then) came back to the fort. We sholdered our stuff & relumed to camp. All had left mess No. 1 except David Logan & Washington Sunderland who were sick. I carried rails about a half mile & cut them for the stove whilst David Logan got supper, (I) received letters from wife & sons.

Washington Sunderland enlisted as a Private in Company A, 105th Inf. Regiment Pa. on 09 September 186!. He was wounded 20 June 1862 at the battle ofGlendale, Virginia. He was discharged 03 December 1862 as physically unfit due to his wounds.

Jan. 21st. & 22nd. Remained in camp, attended to getting wood, water, & etc. for the use of the tent. Wrote letters to Revs. Cooper & Sayers.

Jan. 23rd. Cleaned musket. Pickets returned, wet & muddy, very disagreeable in camp.

Jan. 24th. Got a pass to Washington, D.C., signed by Capt. Hastings, approved by Col. A.A. McKnight, also Brig. Gen. Jameson, by Adj. C.H. Patterson. Went to Alexandria in company of D. Undercoffler, John Buchanan, & Joseph McCree. We took passage on a boat at 10 A.M. which landed us at W.,D.C. We passed up the East Potomac to above the city, to the camp of the 15th N.Y. Regiment, Gen. McGruder. From this we went to the 6st. U.S. Calvary, back of Capitol Hill, passed back by the New Capitol on Pennsylvania Avenue. We got dinner at a restuarant for 37 cents. Whilst passing through the city up the East Potomac, we saw the police rolling out the liquors at a hotel & emptying it into the street, 5or 6 barrels. We returned in the boat by Alexandria. It rained and sleeted, making it very disagreeable.

Jan. 25th,. Cold. Snow & sleet two or three inches deep. Received a letter from wife & Winfield. Got warm and snow left by evening.

Jan. 26th,, Sunday Brigade drill at 9 A.M. Company drill at P.M. At 4 P.M., dress parade.

Jan. 28th, Rain & sleet in the fore noon. Put pockets on overcoat, wrote a letter to Rebecca Mitchell. Dress parade, roads very muddy.

Jan. 29th, Went to Alexandria in company of B.D. Blose. At the hospital 1 saw A.H. Murry, John Blose & others. There is about four hundred goes to the tables at meals. One hundred fifty of them would be discharged if the weather was settled. But the Doc says if they were sent to camp now they would soon have them back at the hospital. We returned to camp in time for dress parade. This was a very pleasant day.

Jan. 30th. Rainy all day. In the evening the remains of a soldier was brought to Gen. Jameson's quarters. It was found in the drift six miles below this (camp). (He) was supposed to have been killed whist swimming to recross the river at the Battle of Dranesville about a month ago. The body was pierced with four musket balls. A few sutter's tickets marked Bakers Regiment was all that was found on the body that denoted whom it belonged. It was intered near this camp.

In the above paragraph William Swisher refers to the Battle of Dranesville which is commonly known today as the Battle of Ball's Bluff. Colonel Edward D. Baker was commander of the 71st Regiment Pa, also called the 1st California. The battle occured on 21 October 1861 resulting in heavy Union losses, many of which were sustained while swimming across the Potomac River in hasty retreat. Colonel Baker was killed during this engagement.

Jan. 31st I assisted in erecting a large circus tent, fifty feet in diameter. After considerble

difficulty we got it erected. The pole was about forty feet. On top was a blue streamer with the word, BETHEL on it. Below it hung the Stars & Stripes. The day was pleasant, but in the night snow fell three or four inches which caused the ropes that the pole was attached to, to break, and the tent fell.

Feb. 1st. Rain in the afternoon, snow nearly all gone by evening, afternoon clear.

Feb. 2nd., Sunday Day pleasant. Chaplain preached in the open air on the parade ground.

Feb. 3rd. Day pleasant, evening cool.

Feb. 4th. I was placed on guard the first time since we came to camp Oct. 13th. It commenced snowing in the morning and continued with sleet, rain & mist until after midnight, when it got cold & froze hard by morning.

Feb. 5th. B.D. Blose and I washed our clothes in A.M. In the afternoon Company A shot at target By order of Sergeant Dr. Kihole, the floor was taken out of the tents in this regiment. Fires made on the ground in them & half pounds of coffee burnt on the stove to promote health. There has been one death by smallpox in this regiment last week, now there are two or three cases in the hospital.

Feb. 6th. Commenced raining about 8 A.M. Afternoon pleasant.

Feb. 7th. Day pleasant, received letter from wife & sons.

Feb. 8th. Day pleasant, ground frozen in the morning. Preaching in the Bethel at evening.

Feb. 9th. Sunday The first news was that Elias S. Simpson died last night. He was taken to the hospital yesterday morning. Breakfast, company inspection, 11 A.M. preaching. Dinner, wrote a letter to wife & sons. Dress parade, supper, preaching.

Elias S. Simpson enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861 in Company A, 105th Infantry Pennsylvania. He died 09 February 1862 in Camp Jameson, Virginia.

Feb. 10th., Monday Breakfast, Company A marched to the hospital, where they formed. The Brass Band preceeded the ambulance that contained the remains of E.S. Simpson. The balance of the company followed. They marched through the camp where they halted. The ambulance accompanied by two (men) of Co. A proceeded to Alexandria & will be put on a boat and taken to Washington, embalmed, and sent to Indianna town for interment by his friends. Then we went immediately on brigade drill. After dinner we went out on company drill and were deployed as skirmishers for the first time.

Feb. 11th. Got permission to go to Fort Lyon and return by 10 A.M. After dinner, was put on police duty for being absent for brigade drill at 9 A.M. Snowing at 4 P.M. A Private of Co. G, — Young, who stood guard his turn Friday night, walked to the hospital Monday morning, died this afternoon. Quite the excitement in Co. A, Captain Hastings was appointed six months recruiting officer. He will resign rather than accept. Then Lieut. Neil will resign, & if so, as many Privates as can will leave Co. A, & the 105th.

Feb. 12th. One inch of snow, sun bright in morn. Detailed as police.

Feb. 13th. Detailed as guard. Went to the bridge across the Bay, or inlet at the mouth of Hunting Creek. Day very pleasant.

Feb. 14th. About 9 A.M. was relieved and returned to camp. After dinner received a paper & letter of S.T. Getz, of Philadelphia, & one from H.T. Swisher. Company shot at target.

Feb. 15th. Snowing in the morning & continued in the evening. Sent a paper to Robert, & another to W.S. Swisher. Wrote a letter to J. Blose.

Feb. 16th., Sunday Preaching by the Chaplain. 11 A.M., dress parade. Preaching at twilight.

Feb. 17th., Monday Rain all day. By order of the Col., all the regiment not on guard to clear the snow off the parade ground. But the rain soon caused us to return to our tents. Wrote a letter to father, and another to Dott Swisher.

Feb. 18th. Very sloppy. Received a letter from Robert. Wrote letter to wife & sons. Orders for the company to prepare for picket by tomorrow 10 A.M. Prayer meeting at the Bethel.

Feb. 19th. Cloudy. Whilst preparing for picket, D. Undercoffler brought word that the paymaster was at the fort. By permission by Capt. Hastings, I with other carpenters went to the fort. But the paymaster not having arrived, we returned to camp. Whilst at dinner it commenced to rain & continued into the night.

Feb. 20th. Morning clear, all day. Went to the fort, ate dinner with Wm. Murphy, Ordinance Sergeant. The paymaster not arriving, I returned to camp about 4 P.M.

Feb. 21st. Morning pleasant. Requested two to guard bridge at Hunting Creek, was assigned to act as Sergeant William McHenry returned from home having been off on furlough, gave me a Jeff x that Robert sent by him.

Feb. 22nd. Commenced raining 7 A.M. Was relieved 9 A.M. Returned to camp, gave the passes to Adjutant clerk. 2 of 6 were forged. The regiment came in off picket wet, muddy & tired. Isaac Depp got the ends of the middle & fore finger of his right hand shot off. He caught the gun by the muzzle & drew it toward him when the cock caught in a brush. When it (cock) slipped off it (the brush) it put the gun off.

Isaac Depp enlisted 06 September 1861 an a Coporalin Company A, 105ih Inf. Regiment Pa. He received a disability discharge on 29 December 1862

Feb. 23rd., Sunday Morning cloudy & misty. 11 A.M., preaching by chaplain, dress parade, preaching in the evening, wrote letter to wife & sons on Feb. 21 st which I sent by Lieut. Neil, also the bibles that I had received. A soldiers hymn book for Winfield, a testament & some tracts.

Feb. 24th., Monday Cloudy. By permission, B.D. Blose prepared to wash. 1 got a barrel at commissary which I sawed into for a tub. 9 A.M. cleared up. 11 A.M. rain and hailed. The wind rose and the Bethel fell, and while we were getting our dinner our tent fell. By 2 P.M. there was not a Bible tent standing of the fifty belonging to the companies. In the evening the wind lulled a little & most of the tents were raised. The Marques & small tents nearly all stood. In the evening it got cool, the wind remained pretty high until midnight.

Feb. 25th. The ground had froze. After breakfast squad drill, then company drill, 15 minute intermission, then company drill again. Dinner in the evening, then dress parade.

Feb. 27th. Received a letter from Rebecca A. Mitchell & wrote letter to wife and sons.

Feb. 28th. Detailed as guard, went to bridge across Hunting Creek. Springfield rifles were brought to camp for the regiment. The wind was very high and it got cold in the evening.

March 1st. The bay at the mouth of Hunting Creek froze over. It had been so cold we could not sleep. Relieved early and returned to camp. Got a rifle in the afternoon and shot target at 150-200 yards. The guns carry up well. In the afternoon helped put up the Bethel tent preparatory to a move. Everything is being got ready for an advance. The cooks are sent away from the commissaries, where the officers boarded, and the surplus army stores were sent to Alexandria. The Federal attendants at the hospital are to be sent away on Monday.

March 2nd., Sunday Morning pleasant, a little hazy. After breakfast the Colonel ordered the parade ground be swept, and all the stuff & clothing that we have that we cannot put in our knapsack be boxed up & sent to Alexandria to be stored or sent home, & everything to be cleaned up for inspection. Joseph M. Swisher & I boxed our things. I put in a blanket, a bible that was presented to me by my mother in Dec. 1837 on my leaving home, but F concluded to son to have, and other things too numerous to mention here. Just before inspection it commenced snowing, which spoiled the inspection, but we had to get out. Our guns were inspected but not our knapsacks. Snow continued to fall until 4 P.M. when it was about 3 inches deep. Wrote to wife & sons.

March 3rd. Commensed raining in the night, was misty and damp in the morning. Sent a box to Addams Express office that was forwarded home.

March 4th. This day was pleasant We drilled most of the day, in fact all day except when we were shooting 25 rounds & cleaning our guns after. Received a letter from H.T. Swisher from Cairo, 111. Wrote home yesterday, & another today with a receipt of shipment by Addams Express.

March 5th. Just finished drill. 1 P.M. shot thirty rounds, blank cartriges. Day pleasant, evening cool. Wrote H.T. Swisher, Cairo, III. This day the 63rd Pa. Regiment, Company A, Capt. Chapman lost one private. They were scouting & on their return met 30 rebels & who they suffered to some losses. The rebels fired & he was killed.

March 6th. The 105th started on picket in the morning. The ground was hard froze, but thawed and was very bad marching. We went by Accutink, then to the Pohick Church & on to our picket line on Pohick Creek. We had pleasant weather and scouted all the time. I was in a scout that started from the Pohick Church at midnight, went (to) Accoquan (Occoquan) village by daylight. The rebels fired out of a mill at our advance & we returned to our line. Another scout started on Colchester Road for Accoquan & arrived at daylight, they were fired at by rebels in a house. They got into their rifle pits & returned the shots without effect. They had four killed and seven wounded. Retuned to camp March 9th, Sunday, when I received a letter from father & one from wife & sons.

March 10th. Rained all forenoon. D. Blose washed in the afternoon. I wrote a letter to wife.

March 11th. Day Pleasant, drilled all day.

March 12th. Day warm and pleasant more than any one since we came into Virginia. Afternoon knapsack drill. I wrote letters to K.M. & W.S. Swisher.

March 13th. Battalion drill into forenoon. Battalion drill with knapsacks on in the afternoon, Maj. Dick commanded. B.D. Blose sent a box home in which I had a few things.

March 14th. The writing in this paragraph was too light to interpret word for word, but related the following: At 9 A.M. we were ordered to pack our knapsacks & property to prepare to march to Alexandria where we were take the boat and proceed down the river. But the order to move was recended by Capt. Hastings.

March 15th. Commenced raining yesterday about noon & continued until about morning when it cleared.

March 16th., Sunday Col. gave permission for all to wash clothes as there would be no drill. Preaching 11 A.M. on Parade Ground, day being cool. Dress parade 5 P.M.

March 17th. Orders to prepare to march by morning as we are to embark at 2 P.M. on the Elm City at Alexandria. Word came that the paymaster was to be at the fort at noon. The carpenters of the 105th got leave of the Col. to go get their pay. We took our stuff and waited at the fort until 1:30 P.M. The paymaster not having arrived, we met our regiment before they departed. We marched to a wharf above Alexandria where we embarked on board the Catskill, the Elm City being loaded. At 5 P.M., after dark when the horses, baggage, & provisions was all on board, Go's L, G, & K were taken off as there was not (enough) room. The Catskill was unmoored, and anchored out into the river.

March 18th. Co. E was removed to the Penebeck with Co,'s B., G, & K, to make room as we had not all room to lay down. At one P.M., our anchor was hoisted & in company with the Elm City, John A. Warner, William Kent, G. Vanderbuilt, Cananicus, Penebeck, John Brock, Pioneer, Ironsmith, Champion, & North America, we steamed down the river. About 20 miles we were met by two gunboats. One of them advanced, the other kept to the Virginia side. So we went until after dark when they all anchored until toward morning.

March 19th. Between daylight & sunrise we entered the Chesapeake Bay. Keeping in the Bay, in view of the Virginia shore, we lost sight of the shore on the Maryland side at 7 or 8 A.M. Between 12 or I o'clock we got view of the shore of the state of Delaware. After that we got sight of the two counties of Virginia that is cut off by the channel. About 4 or five P.M. we came in sight of Fortress Monroe, where we cast anchor at sunset, the other boats having outrun the Catskill. We were disembarked after dark, & as soon as the companies were formed we were marched to Camp Hamilton. When about halfway it began to rain. When at the campground we were dismissed, but it was too dark & wet to pitch our blanket tents. We stood around a guard fire one half hour or more when we learned that there was room in the calvary stables, where we arrived as soon as we could. It being very dark, several of us fell in the mud, & some more than once. On the hay loft we found plenty of room where we slept tolerably comfortable until morning.

In the above paragraph, William mentions, "between 12 or I o 'clock we got view of the shore of the state of Delaware". Quite possibly this was actually the island of Tangier. But could not have been any part of the state of Delaware. The "two counties of Virginia cut off by the channel" were the counties of Accomac and Northampton located on Virginia’s Eastern Shore.

March 20th. We were removed from one stable to another, there being six about 400 feet long & 24 to 25 feet wide. It misted and rained all day, & there was a shower in the night. I wrote a letter to wife & sons, & requested them to inform the neighbors where we are.

March 2lst. The morning being clear, we were marched to the campground. Arthur H. Murray, Wesley Hoover, B.D. Btose, & myself attached our tent blankets together & pitched a tent at the head of the company. So we are No. I often. That (evening), in company of D. Undercoffler, I went to see the remains of Hampton town which the rebels had burned a short time ago. But we were prevented from getting very close by the guards of Col We returned and got supper. About dark it thundered & lightning & commenced to rain, when several started to the stable. But B.D. Blose and I remained. It is rumored in camp that the rebels sent in a flag giving us until tomorrow to leave, but we have no notion of that. The Monitor is steaming about the channel near the Fortress. The Merrimack made her appearance today but kept a safe distance.

Arthur H. Murray enlisted as a Private in Company A, 105th Infantry Regiment on 09 September 186L He was promoted to Corporal 08 November 1861. He was discharged upon his expiration of term of service.

Wesley P. Hoover enlisted as a Private in Company A, 105th Infantry Regiment on 09 September 1861. He was promoted to Corporal 18 November 1861, then to Sergeant on 01 March 1863. He was discharged upon his expiration of term of service.

March 22nd. Saturday 1 was detailed as a guard. It was windy and cool in the morning but the day became pleasant. The 105th was drilled hard by the Col. As there was no guard house we were allowed to go to our quarters when off post & slept comfortably in our tent.

March 23rd., Sunday Pleasant, guard discharged at 10 A.M. Preaching by Chaplain 11 A.M., but I was busy cleaning gun for inspection at I P.M. Dress parade 5 P.M. Troops have been coming ever since we came. Today fourteen boats came with probably fourteen thousand men. This camp is on the plantation of a son of ex-president J. Tyler. Hundreds of acres as level as a plain except the marshy spring ruins. All destitute offence, not a rail, or post left that would boil a soldiers coffee pot, or fry his meat.

March 24th. We were aroused early & by seven o'clock were under arms. We crossed Back River where Hampton had been. As we passed along the street of Hampton, it was evident that it had been a handsome place. The rebels, to prevent it from falling into our hands, burned every building in the town. Nothing remained but the blackened walls & chimneys. We encamped a mile N.W. of Hampton on the road leading to Richmond.

March 25th. The morning is quite cool, many complain of sleeping cold last night. Company drills in the forenoon, afternoon, but B.D. Blose and I washed clothes.

March 26th. This morning there is white frost and ice, although last night was not as cold as the night before.

March 27th. Morning cool, day pleasant.

March 28th. Frosty & cool in the morning. Afternoon, brigade drill. Received letters from wife & sons.

March 29th. Mailed letters to sons, washed clothes. In the evening we carried brick 1/4 mile and built chimney to our tent. Commenced raining before sunset.

March 30th, Sunday. Rained nearly all night. Got letters from wife & sons. This was a long day, being wet, there was no drill nor religeous services. Our little fire kept us comfortable in our tent.

March 31st., Monday Day pleasant.

April 1st. Morning pleasant. Detailed for guard and stood my turn.

April 2nd. Wrote letter for my wife. Evening cloudy and cold.

April 3rd. Day pleasant. Received letter from H.T. Swisher from Ft. Madrid, Mo., 110 miles

April 4th. Marched about 13 miles via Big Bethel. All the forces in this section on the move.

April 5th. Rained four hours this forenoon. Encamped two miles from Yorktown, having marched 12 to l3miles. Received letter from home. The rebels shelled us. A bomb shell passed over my head & buried itself in the ground 15 or 20 paces from me, having passed over the whole division.

April 6th., Sunday Day pleasant. Went forward a half mile and saw rebels & their fortifications. They were removing their cannon. Wrote letter to H.T. Swisher.

April 7th. Morning cool. Considerable firing by our pickets through the night. Rain in the afternoon. Toward the evening 1 was delegated for guard. It rained all night.

April 8th. Guard dismissed 9 A.M. Rained all day.

April 9th. Rained all day. After dark we were ordered to fall in, line was soon formed. But as it was rainy, we soon went to our quarters and was not again called that night.

April 10th. Morning still wet. In the forenoon we were order to strike our tents. We fell back to

Camp Winfield Scott, nearly a mile & encamped in the woods. This section of the county is full of swamps of standing water, between which regiments were encamped.

April 11th. Day pleasant. 3:30 P.M., we received orders, "Fall in Company A, the rebels are driving in the 65th Regiment", who were on picket. In less than two minutes we were marching.

Gen. Hamilton's division was marched to the picket line where we remained until dark, and returned to camp.

Brig-General Charles S. Hamilton was soon replaced by one of the Union's ablest soldiers, Brig-General Philip Kearny. Kearny, already a legend as a result of losing an arm in the Mexican War, proved to be one of the finest field commanders ever to sit on a Union saddle. Unfortunately, he was killed on September 01, 1862, less than four months after taking over as the Division's leader.

April 12th. Morning pleasant. Wrote letter to wife & sons. Visited Joseph at hospital. Went on picket with the division, as Company A of the 105th was on the right & was the last to be posted. We encountered about 200 rebels that were throwing down the fence that we were being posted along. Three rebels came up to a post & inquired, "What troops". They were answered Yankee fashion, "What troops are you". They answered, "24th Virginia". One of them caught a gun, it was a rifle, it was fired at him. Seventeen guns were fired in quick succession on both sides. The part of the company that was posted retreated to the road, whilst the balance repaired across the field to the woods where Company C was posted. So I was not able to keep up with the Company & carry the meat that was allowed for our breakfast. I dropped it before I reached the woods.

April 13th. We lay quiet near the road except who were posted along the road. About daybreak, S. Hibler and I went to where P. Rudolph had been posted off from the fence. He lay all night in a burrow, afraid to go farther. He got up and went to the fence with us, where we remained until dark, except when we sallied out individually to make observations. The rebels are well posted a mile from here in forts and behind strong —works. We were relieved (from our post).

April 14th. Morning pleasant & continued.

April 15th. Morning cloudy, detailed on guard. There being more than was needed I was extra, stood fifteen minutes, went to bed.

April 16th.

discharged.

After breakfast went to guard quarters, stood whilst a guard ate his breakfast, & was

April 17th. The regiment was marched , without arms , to Gen. Heintzelman's headquarters,

remained 3 or 4 hours & returned to camp. Day very warm. Fruit trees generally in full bloom. The woods will be green in a few days.

April 18th. We marched at 7 A.M. to Gen. Heintzelman's quarters at the sawmill, where each man of the 1 05th got an axe, other regiments picks & shovels. We marched to a branch of the York River, called Muddy River, 1 1/2 or 2 miles where we cut & carried stuff for a bridge. Day very warm & returned to camp at sunset. Received a letter from home & wrote on home.

April 19th.

reserve.

Washed clothes forenoon, 5 P.M., went on picket. Companies A & H were (in

April 20th. Rained in the night several times. Wet & rainy all day. Was relieved at 2 P.M. April 21st., Monday Went to the hospital. J.A. D"liaven& others getting better. Day cloudy.

John A. Dehaven enlisted as a Private in Company A, 105th Infantry Regiment on 09 September 19861. He was discharged27 March 1863 on Surgeon's Certificate.

April 22nd. Day pleasant, wrote letter to S.F. Getz of Philadelphia, Pa.

April 23rd. Detailed as guard, but as there was a detail of 40 men of each company, guards were not called. Wrote a letter to Rebecca A. Mitchell.

April 24th. Called to guard. Seventy of Company A & H detailed to work on redoubt No. A at 4 P.M. so I was called off guard. We worked all night, returned for breakfast.

April 25th. Wrote letter to Father, afternoon wet. Companies A. & H ordered on picket by Col. McKnight, supposed to be as punishment for getting whiskey of Gen. Jameson, for having been on fatigue duty. Having the rhumatism in my knees, I did not go along. It rained considerable in the night.

April 26th. The boys returned at A.M., wet and fatigued. Rained all day.

April 27th., Sunday Day cool, wrote letter for my wife. 2 P.M., the chaplin preached in the woods from the words, "Lord thou hast ordained peace for us, for thou hast wrought this work within us". Returned and wrote letter for Winfield, & commenced one for Robert, when I with twenty others of Company A, and as many of each company of the 105th were detailed to work on rifle pits. When near the redoubt waiting for it to get dark, the rebels fired three shells at us, which bursted near. A small piece of one fell a yard or two from where I was standing. After dark we were placed in line along a white tape previously stretched, at about four feet apart. We were to dig the rifle pits 4 feet deep, and 4 feet wide. Here we worked not as the Jews when they rebuilt the walls of Jerusalem,

"with one hand", but we lay our guns three or four feet off, and laboured with both hands. Scarcely a word was heard above a whisper. For we were so near the enemy works that we could not have stayed if they had known where we were. We did not get done but had it so that men could work with safety.

April 28th. We came in early. Forty of each company of the 105th were detailed to complete our job. I received a letter from H.T. Swisher, and finished Robert's (letter). Sending a cap, this book, some old letters, & letters to my family home with J.L. Maybon who has got a discharge on account

of disability.

John L. Mabon enlisted as a Private in Company A, 105th Infantry Regiment on

12 September 1861, He was discharged from military service 24 April 1862 on Surgeon's Certificate.

With this last entry, the diary of William Hamilton Swisher's daily activities from 28 August 1861 to 28 April 1862 comes to a close. Thirty three days later he would lose his life on the battlefield at Seven Pines, Virginia, commonly referred to by the Union Army commanders as the Battle of Fair Oaks, Virginia.

In the back pages of his diary, William listed his regimental commander. Company

Captain, many of his follow soldiers of Company A. Their service records have been inserted if not previously stated.

Col. A.A. McKnight, Reg. Mohoning Rifles, Letter

Capt. John Hastings & Co. sworn into service Aug. 30, 1861.

Muster roll.

John Hastings, Captain (service records previously stated)

William Neil, 1st. Lieut, (service records previously stated)

Moses A. Morris, 2nd. Lieut, (service record previously stated)

William G. Clyde, 1 st. Serg. (service records previously stated)

Alex. H. Mitchell, 2nd Serg. (service records previously stated)

William G. Bair, 3rd Serg. (Enlisted as 3rd Sergeant in Company A, J 05th Inf. Regiment 09

September 1861. He was wounded 02 October 1864 at Popular Grove Church, Virginia. Absent at muster out.

Samuel Hibler, 4th Serg. (service record previously stated) John Myers, 5th Serg. (service record previously stated)

Daniel Brewer, 1 st. Corporal (Enlisted as Sergeant 09 September 1863, promoted to 2nd

Lieut. 27 September 1862, discharged 15 January 1863 on Surgeon's Certificate)

Arthur H. Murray, 2nd. Corporal (service record previously stated) Joseph M. Swisher, 3rd. Corporal (service record previously stated)

David W. Wilson, 4th. Corporal (Enlisted as Private 09 September 1861, transferred to Veteran

Reserve Corps 22 June 1863)

Isaac M. Depp, 5th. Corporal (service record previously stated)

Levi P. Frampton, 6th. Corporal (Enlisted as a Corporal 09 September 1861, wounded and

captured 30 June 1862 at Glendale, Virginia. Listed as having died, date unknown)

John E. Sadler, 7th. Corporal (Enlisted as a Corporal 09 September 1861, Kitted 29 August 1862

at the Battle of Second Bull Run, Virginia)

James L. Clyde, 8th. Corporal (Enlisted as Corporal 09 September 1861, wounded 30 June 1862

at Glendale, Virginia, returned home to Indiana, Pa. where he died of his wounds 07 July 1862)

Henry Clay Campbell, Musician (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, discharged 07

August 1862 on Surgeon's Certificate)

George Goheen, Color Bearer Scott Neil, Fiefer

James G. Mitchell, Drummer

(service record previously stated)

(Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, mustered out with company 11 July 1865)

(Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, mustered out with

company 11 July 1865 at Washington D.C.)

Thomas T. Adams (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, wounded 31 May 1861 at Battle of Fair Oaks, discharged 25 January 1863 on Surgeon's Certificate)

Henry All (service record previously stated)

Harding Allabrand (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, wounded 02 July 1863 at

Battle of Gettysburg, wounded 18 June 1864 at Petersburg, Va., discharged at expiration of service)

Lewis H. Bellinger (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, wounded and captured 31 May 1862 at Battle of Fair Oaks, discharged on Surgeon's Certificate)

Joseph F. Bell (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, promoted to Corporal, wounded 03

May 1863 at Battle ofChancellorsville, Va., wounded 17 October 1864 at Boydton Plank Road, was absent due to sickness at muster out)

Isaac Bowersock (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861. Killed 16 August 1874 at Deep Bottom, Va.)

Boaz D. Blose (service record previously stated)

Samuel W. Brewer (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, discharged 24 December 1861 on Surgeon's Certificate)

Adolphus Boyd (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, transferred 22 October 1862 to Battalion M, 2nd U.S. Artillery)

William M. Blose (service record previously stated)

James W. Brooks (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861. Killed 03 May 1863 at Battle of Chancellorsville, Va.)

John Beck (service record previously stated)

Samuel E. Briilhart (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 186], wounded 01 July 1862 at Battle ofMalvern Hill, mustered out with company 11 July 1865 at Wash., D.C.)

William P. Crist

William F. Campbell

(Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, died 06 May 1862 at Fort Monroe, Virginia)

(Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, wounded 30 June 1862 at the Battle ofGlendale, Virginia, discharged 27 January due to wounds. Reenlisted 06 February 1864, wounded 06 May at the Battle of the

Wilderness, mustered out with company 11 July 1865 at Wash., D.C.)

John W. Corey (Corry) (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, died at Philadelphia 15

August 1862)

Fleming Y. Caldwell (service record previously stated)

Joseph Cummisky (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, promoted to Corporal 09

January 1865, promoted to Sergeant 09 June 1865, mustered out 11 July 1865 at Washington, D.C.)

Oliver Grossman (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, wounded 28 November 1863 at Mine Run, Virginia, discharged 04 March 1863 due to wounds)

David Cochran (service record previously stated)

John G. Depp (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, killed 09 September 1862 at the Battle of Glendale, Virginia)

George W. Davis (Enlisted an a Private 09 September 1861, discharged 29 December 1862 on Surgeon '.v Certificate)

John A. D'Haven (service record previously stated)

David W. Goheen (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, wounded 02 July 1863, mustered

out 11 July 1865 at Washington D.C.)

David G. Gray (Enlisted 09 as a Private September 1861, mustered out with company 11

July 1865 at Washington, D.C.)

Samuel T. Hadden (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, promoted to Corporal, wounded

31 May 1862 at Battle of Fair Oaks, Virginia, promoted 22 March 1863 to Sergeant. Commisioned as 1st Lieutenant 07 May 1864. Killed 16 June 1864 at Petersburg, Virginia. Buried in National Cemetery at City Point, Section E, Division I, grave 84.

Wesley Hoover (service record previously stated)

John Henneigh (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, transferred to 6 Independent

Company, Veterans Reserve Corps)

Joseph W. Hickox (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, died 24 October 1862 at Washington, D.C. Buried in Military Asylum Cemetery, Wash. D.C.)

William Hutchison (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, died 24 October 1862 at Washington, D. C. Buried in Military Asylum Cemetery in Wash. D. C.)

John P. Imler (service record previously stated)

John M. Irwin (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, listed as a deserter 17 August

1863)

George M. Johnson (service record previously stated)

Robert A. Jordan (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, mustered out with company 11

July 1865 at Washington, D.C.)

John Jordan (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, received a disability discharge 22 January 1863)

Samuel Kesslar (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, promoted 09 January 1865 to Corporal, mustered out with company 11 July 1865 at Washington D. C.)

Christopher Kessler (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, discharged 09 September 1864, expiration of term of enlistment)

Henry Kirkpatrick (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, captured 31 May 1862 at Battle of Fair Oaks, returned to company on a Prisoner Exchange, mustered out with company 11 July 1865 at Washington, D.C.)

John H. London (service record previously staled)

David W. Logan (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, promoted OS November 1861 to

Corporal, discharged 01 December 1862 on Surgeon's Certificate)

William Leech (service record previously stated)

Albert C. Little (service record previously stated)

William F. Means (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, wounded 02 July 1863 at Battle of Gettysburg, discharged 09 September 1864, expiration of term of service)

Thomas Means (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, died 20 June 1862 at Washington, D.C., buried at the Military Asylum Cemetery in Wash. D.C.)

Joseph Means (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, discharged 09 September 1864, expiration of term of service)

John Means, Jr. (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, wounded 29 August 1862 at

Second Battle of Bull Run, discharged 11 September 1862 due to wounds by Surgeon's Certificate)

Robert H. Marsh (service record previouly stated)

James C. Mcquown (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, discharged 24 September on Surgeon *s Certificate)

Joshua L. McHendry (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861. Company record only states he was captured, no date listed. He was not with the company when it was mustered out in July 1865)

Samuel McHendry (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, received disability discharge 27 March 1863 on Surgeon's Certificate)

John McHendry (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, promoted 09 January 1865 to Corporal, mustered out with company 11 July 1865 at Wash. D.C.)

Jeremiah C. Miles (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, mustered out with company 11 July 1865 at Washington D.C.)

John B. McGinnis (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, captured 03 May 1863 at Battle of Chancellorsville, Virginia, wounded 30 March 1865 at Hatcher's Run, Virginia, absent at muster out)

Robert S. Micheals (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861. Kitted 02 July 1863 at Battle of Gettysburg)

John H. McKee (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, promoted 01 March 1864 to Corporal, Promoted 01 September 1864 to 1st. Sergeant, promoted 26 November 1864 to 1st Lieutenant, promoted 08 June 1865 to Captain)

Augustus C. Nolf (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, wounded 29 August at Battle of Second Bull Run, Virginia, transferred 03 October 1862 to Veteran's Reserve Corps)

William Painter (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, wounded and captured 27

October 1864 at Boydton Plank Road, Virginia, mustered out wilh company 11 July 1865)

Phineous S. Rudolph (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, mustered out with company 11 July 1865)

John K. Rupert (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 186l.recieved disability discharge 26 September 1862 on Surgeon's Certificate)

Harvey Roger (Noted in diary, "sent home, too young" Harvey Roger does not appear in the muster roles of the 105th Pa)

Frederick Rhinehart (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, died of disease 16 January 1863 in Baltimore, Maryland)

George W. Rhodes (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, was captured 12 May 1864 Battle of Spotsylvania Court House, Virginia, released from captivity 18 March 1865, discharged 02 June 1865 by General Order)

Benjamin Franklin Rolls (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, wounded 02 July 1863 at Battle of Gettysburg, wounded 05 May 1864 at Battle of the Wilderness, promoted 29 June 1865 to Corporal, mustered out with company 11

July 1865)

Daniel J. Smyers (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, received disability discharge

01 January 1863 on Surgeon s Certificate)

George Smith (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, received disability discharge

11 September 1862 on Surgeon's Certificate)

James Smith (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, received disability discharge

12 February 1862 on Surgeon's Certificate)

Daniel Zimmar (listed in diary as "Daniel Semmer") (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, killed 30 June 1862 at Battle ofGlendale, Virginia)

John R. Stewart (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, wounded 18 June 1864 at 38

the Battle of Petersburg, Virginia, died of wounds 06 August 1864 at Philadelphia, Pa.)

Washington Sunderland (service record previously stated)

Henry Sutter (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, killed 29 October 1864 at Boydton Plank Road, Virginia)

Elias S. Simpson (service record previously stated)

David Y. Salsgiver (service record previously stated)

Peter Walker (service record previously stated)

James W. Wachob (Enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, wounded 03 May 1863 at Battle of Chancellrsville, Virginia, promoted 22 May 1863 to Corporal, promoted 01 March 1864 to Sergeant, promoted 01 December 1864 to 1st Sergeant, promoted 07 January 1865 to 2nd Lieutenant, promoted 08 June 1865 to 1 st Lieutenant, mustered out with company 11 June 1865)

Charles Wood (No service record was found for a Charles Wood in any company of 105th Pa.)

Phillip Winnig (service record previously stated. He was listed in company records as

Phillip Wyning)

The following persons enlisted in Company A, 105th Regiment Pa. with William H. Swisher but were overlooked and not listed in his diary:

William McKee------------enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, wounded 31 May 1862 at Battle of Fair Oaks, Virginia, promoted 01 March 1863 to Corporal, wounded 02 July 1863 at Battle of Gettysburg, discharged due to wounds received at Gettsburg on Surgeon's Certificate.

A.D. McPherson-----------enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, promoted 22 March 1863 to Sergeant, wounded with loss of leg 02 July 1863 at Battle of Gettysburg, discharged due to wounds 04 June 1864.

William J. Mogle----------enlisted as a Private 09 September 1861, wounded 18 June 1864 at Battle of Petersburg, promoted 09 January 1865 to Corporal, discharged 02 June 1865 by General Order.