Electromagnetic Radiation - an emission of energy with no mass and no charge across a spectrum of wavelengths (frequency). [A traveling wave motion that results from changing electric and magnetic fields. Types of electromagnetic radiation range from those of short wavelength, like x rays and gamma rays, through the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared regions, to radar and radio waves of relatively long wavelengths.

Wave Model : (C = l  X  n)   or  speed of light(C) = wavelength(l ) X  the frequency of the electromagnetic wave (n) 

Quantum Model : (E = h n)   or  Energy(E) = Plank’s Constant (h / which is 6.63 X 10-34 joules second)  X  the frequency of the electromagnetic wave (n)

To find the Energy of a Beam if you know the wavelength (l)  or  to find the wavelength if you know the Energy you can use these equations:

note: The first equation will be used for Radiation Therapy (in ev) and The second equation is used for diagnostic ( in kev)

Exitation - is a process were an electron in the atom recieves enough energy to move to  a higher energy state within an atom

Ionization - is the removal of an electron from an atom

characteristic radiation - the production of x-rays by an electron filling the vacancy of a liberated electron in the target material

Bremmsstrahlung Radiation - this is the production of x-rays from the interaction of the incident electron with the nuclear field of an atom (also know as white radiation, braking radiation or continous radiation)