Exercise 7

Locating Subordinate Connectives in Complex Sentences

Directions:

  1. Locate the subject and verb for each main clause.

  2. Then, locate the subject, verb, and subordinate connective for each dependent clause.

  3. A subordinate connective can be stated or implied.

  4. That, what, which, and who are relative pronouns that can double function as the subject and subordinate in a dependent clause.

  5. Type the subordinate connectives in order for each dependent clause in the spaces provided.

  6. Track your clauses, and do a clause tabulation for each example.
    (1 mc + 1 dc = CX)

  7. Do a progressive drawing to run a punctuation check on the number and type of clauses you find.

    • D, M:
      When a dependent clause is in front of a main clause, there is a pause. There is a comma.

    • M D:
      When a dependent clause follows a main clause, there is no pause. There is no comma.

    • M ,D, (M continued):
      When a dependent clause is inside of a main clause as a non-essential renamer, there are pauses (commas) on both sides. (non-restrictive)

    • M D (M continued):
      When a dependent clause is inside of a main clause and the information is necessary for clarification, no commas are used. (restrictive)

  8. Be sure to check your answers when you have finished this exercise.

Example:

Crepe paper is an intriguing material that has been used for the making of contemporary leis.
Subordinates:

Subordinate Connectives in Complex Sentences

1. The paper lei, which is called Lei Pepa, came into being as a result of the early tourist industry.
Subordinates:

2. A lei of this kind is sewn together from strips that are cut from crosswise folds of commercially produced crepe paper.
Subordinates:

3. If you want your finished lei to resemble a particular kind of flower such as a series of fresh carnations, you will need to pick red, pink, or white crepe paper before you begin because those are the colors you will need in order to simulate that kind of flower.
Subordinates:

4. Before the lei is made, it is necessary to decide on the width of the strips of paper that will be used to make it.
Subordinates:

5. If the strips of paper for making the lei are to be sewn down the middle, they should be cut into 2-inch widths which will give the finished lei just the right amount of fullness.
Subordinates:

6. After the entire roll of crepe paper has been cut into crosswise strips, you should assemble all of the materials that will be needed to make the lei.
Subordinates:

7. In addition to the scissors that were used to cut the crepe paper into strips, you will need a long sharp needle that has been threaded in advance with a strong thread about 45 to 50 inches in length.
Subordinates:

8. After tying a knot on one end of the thread, be sure to leave a two to three-inch tail on the end of that thread which you will need when it comes time to fasten both ends of the finished lei together.
Subordinates:

9. To make the edges of your paper seem fuller, crinkle one edge of a lengthwise strip of paper by gently grasping it with your thumbs, stretching it, and letting it go which is a process you will need to repeat over and over again until you have completed ruffling the entire strip of paper.
Subordinates:

10. After one edge has been crinkled, you will need to ruffle the other edge by stretching and releasing the paper as you did before.
Subordinates:

11. Now that you are ready to begin sewing, you will need to grasp one end of the paper while you bring your needle down and up through the center of the strip and then gently pull the thread through until you have secured the knot with the two-inch tail at the end of the strip.
Subordinates:

12. After you have sewn a length of paper and the strip you are working on measures 8 to 10 inches in length, the stitched paper should be gently pushed down toward the knot at the same time that it is being twisted a little at a time into circular spirals.
Subordinates:

13. The lei will continue to grow in this manner until you get to the end of the first strip of paper.
Subordinates:

14. When you reach the end of the paper, it will be necessary to add a new ruffle-edged strip to the first one with a series of running stitches and twists and spirals that will gradually grow to form lush layers of simulated petals.
Subordinates:

15. When the lei measures approximately 36 inches in length and it will go around the head of the wearer easily with a little room to spare, it is time to cut the thread off of the needle and to prepare to fasten both ends of the lei together.
Subordinates:

16. At this time, you will need to tie the starting and ending lengths of thread together in a series of knots that will prevent the thread from becoming untied.
Subordinates:

17. After you have tied a secure knot, cut the two ends of thread to within a half inch of the knot so that they will be hidden among layers of ruffled petal shapes.
Subordinates:

18. If you would like to make a second lei which is more colorful than the first one, select two different colored packages of crepe paper to start with that will be cut into crosswise strips with a different width for each color.
Subordinates:

19. For example, the layer, which will become the outer layer, may consist of 1 1/2-inch wide strips of paper whereas the inner layer may be cut into 1-inch widths.
Subordinates:

20. Instead of ruffling and crimping both edges of the paper as you did for the first lei, cut a series of evenly spaced curved or scalloped shapes along just one edge of the wider strip.
Subordinates:

21. Then, before you start to sew through a double layer of bi-colored strips, place the narrower strip of paper over the wider one with the two straight-edge sides lined up so that the scalloped edge of the broader band sticks out beyond the narrower one.
Subordinates:

22. After you have sewn through both layers with a preliminary running stitch and you have secured a knotted thread with a two-inch tail at the edge of the two strips of paper, you can proceed as you did before with a series of running stitches and gently formed twists and spirals that reveal multiple layers of color.
Subordinates:

23. Other variations of the Lei Pepa can be produced by working with two narrow 1 1/2-inch strips of paper which have been cut into pointed scallops along one edge and overlapped at the center by 1/4 inch before they are sewn down the middle and twisted so that still another type of floral lei can be simulated.
Subordinates:

24. If straight slits of paper cuts are alternated with pointed scallops, the slits can be twisted and secured with separate lengths of thread before the sewing process is begun which is yet another way to suggest paper blossoms that will appear to have centers and stamens in addition to petal shapes.
Subordinates:

25. Before you know it, you will be able to choose the kind of flower lei you want to see as a finished product because a necklace that speaks of the Islands in terms of 'ilima, poni mo'i, 'awapuhi, or lehua blossoms is no further away than some brightly colored strips of crepe paper, a scissors, and a needle and thread.
Subordinates: