A couple thousand years ago, the great Roman
comic dramatist Terence (Publius Terentius Afer) said "Moderation in all
things." This quote is often misappropriated to Aristotle, but he never said
it. Such an idea may have been present in his moral philosophy, but he didn't
make the quote. Terence also said, along the same lines "I hold this as a rule
of life: too much of anything is bad."
Terence died at the age of 36-ish.
Which is not to say he was wrong; he may have died at sea, and honestly, his
age of death isn't really important. We'll deal with why it isn't important (in
my opinion) later.
Anyway, back on to
the topic at hand. Based on these quotes along, Terence would have fit in quite
well with the heathens of Northern Europe. If there is one theme that's woven
throughout the Havamal, it's the idea of
moderation:
12. It isn't as good as
it's said to be, ale, for the sons of
men; for the more he drinks, the less he
knows about the nature of
men.
19. A man shouldn't hold onto the
cup but drink mead in moderation, it's
necessary to speak or be silent; no man will
blame you for impoliteness if you go early to
bed.
Contrary to popular
representation, they're not all focused on drinking,
either.
21. Cattle know when they
ought to go home, and then they leave the
pasture; but the foolish man never
knows the measure of his own
stomach.
23. The foolish man lies
awake all night and worries about
things; he's tired out when the morning
comes and everything's just as bad as it
was.
(all quotes here are from the
Larrington translation)
There's tons
more, but this is a commentary; not simply a quotation. If you want, read them
in the Havamal yourself.
Moderation
is, in essence, that quality of doing things in the proper amounts. Moderation
has to do with neither over-indulging nor under-indulging in your actions. It
applies to every aspect of our lives, not just drinking and
eating.
Why is this a good idea?
Over-indulgence leads to weakness, not just physically, but also mental and
emotional. Consider the analogy of treating yourself as you would a newborn
child. If its every whim is satisfied completely, you'll raise a spoiled brat
unable to do anything for itself. The person who eats whatever they want in
whatever amounts they want will become overly corpulent, weak, as well as unable
to deal easily with adversity in times of famine or poverty, when such foods and
such quantities are unavailable. On the other hand, under-indulgence will lead
to physical weakness, as well as a lack of mental and emotional stimulation,
resulting in misery. If one only eats in only amounts absolutely necessary to
sustain life, and chosen for their nutritive value with no consideration of
personal taste, then one will find no joy in eating, and will become emaciated.
In friendship also one must be
moderate. Friends are good to have; don't get me wrong. However, one must
balance relying on others with relying on one's self. On the other hand, one
cannot stand aloof from their friends; asking for help sometimes is crucial to a
real friendship, just as much as giving help is. Think of the gift-giving
stanzas in the Havamal -- it's important to give gifts to friends and kin, but
it is just as bad to give too much as it is too little.
That's a couple of good examples about
how moderation is important in life. Now, let's look at moderation of
moderation. If one truly attempts to lead a totally moderate lifestyle, then
how does one ever know if the values they call "moderate" remain so? One must
also be moderately moderate, which means that occasionally one should be
immoderate. Sometimes ya gotta get drunk, or stuff yourself at the buffet, and
sometimes you need to abstain totally from things, so that you appreciate them
again when you allow yourself to appreciate them
again.
Picture a sine wave, with highs
and lows and a zero point in the middle. If you average them all together, they
average out at the zero point. That, my friends, is the essence of
moderation.
Questions, disagreements?
Let me know through the comments feature.