The inventories using the four methods were tested in a lowland rainforest (30–100 m alt.) in Tawau Hills Park (TRF) in 1999.

Sampling methods
In the forest, one transect was set, 180 m long and subdivided into three 60 m sampling sections. Each sampling section was sampled by the four different methods, hand collecting (HC), leaf litter sifting (LS), soil core sampling (SC), and honey bait trap (BT). The methods involved the following procedures:
HC: This method accessed the lower vegetation, logs, rocks, and ground surface of the forest. Ants were picked up using forceps or an aspirator. This procedure was carried out for 30 minutes per sampling section.
LS: The leaf litter was gathered up, sifted, and sorted on a white pan and ants collected from it. Such sampling was repeated for 30 minutes per sampling section.
SC: Five soil cores, each 20x20x15 cm deep, were taken at equal intervals along the transect in each sampling section. These soil cores were sifted using a hand sieve and white pan, and the ants collected.
BT: Fifteen baits with 20–30% honey solution were set on the forest floor at four-meter intervals along the transect in each sampling section. The same number of baits was set in both daytime (9:00 to 11:00) and nighttime (18:00 to 20:00). The ants attracted to the baits were collected with forceps.

Subfamily AENICTINAE
1. Aenictus camposi Wheeler & Chapman
2. Aenictus ceylonicus (Mayr)
3. Aenictus dentatus (Forel)
4. Aenictus gracilis Emery
5. Aenictus sp. 2
6. Aenictus sp. 7

Subfamily CERAPACHYINAE
7. Cerapachys sp. 27
8. Cerapachys sp. 33

DOLICHODERINAE
9. Dolichoderus sp. 12
10. Dolichoderus sp. (aff. D. thoracicus (Fr. Smith))
11. Iridomyrmex anceps (Roger)
12. Tapinoma indicum Forel
13. Tapinoma melanocephalum (Fabricius)
14. Technomyrmex sp. (aff. P. albipes (Fr. Smith))
15. Technomyrmex kraepelini Forel
16. Technomyrmex sp. 5
17. Technomyrmex sp. 12

Subfamily DORYLINAE
18. Dorylus laevigatus (Fr. Smith)
19. Dorylus sp. 2

Subfamily FORMICINAE
20. Cladomyrma sp. 4
21. Cladomyrma sp. A
22. Camponotus (Colobopsis) sp. 1(a) aff. saundersi Emery
23. Camponotus (Colobopsis) sp. aff. sp. 45
24. Camponotus (Myrmotarsus) rufifemur Emery
25. Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) sp. 15
26. Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) sp. 55
27. Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) sp. 72
28. Echinopla striata Fr. Smith
29. Polyrhachis (Campomyrma) equina Fr. Smith
30. Polyrhachis (Cyrtomyrma) sp. 41
31. Polyrhachis (Hemioptica) boltoni Kohout (M. S.)
32. Polyrhachis (Myrmatopa) sp. 55
33. Polyrhachis (Myrmatopa) sp. 56
34. Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) bicolor Fr. Smith
35. Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) calypso Forel
36. Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) hector Fr. Smith
37. Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) sp. 21
38. Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) sp. 23
39. Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) sp. 40
40. Polyrhachis (Polyrhachis) bellicosa Fr. Smith
41. Polyrhachis (Polyrhachis) ypsilon Emery
42. Paratrechina sp. 6(b)
43. Paratrechina sp. 8
44. Pseudolasius sp. 12
45. Pseudolasius sp. 19
46. Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius)
47. Acropyga acutiventris Roger
48. Anoplolepis gracilipes (Fr. Smith)
49. Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) arrogans (Fr. Smith)
50. Camponotus gigas (Latreille)
51. Echinopla melanarctos Fr. Smith
52. Polyrhachis (Myrma) inermis Fr. Smith
53. Polyrhachis (Myrmatopa) sp. 54
54. Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) armata (Le Guillou)
55. Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) chalybea Fr. Smith
56. Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) furcata Fr. Smith
57. Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) hippomanes var. moesta Emery
58. Polyrhachis (Myrmhopla) sp. 38 (aff. laevigata Fr. Smith)
59. Polyrhachis (Myrmothrinax) sp. 45
60. Euprenolepis sp. 1
61. Paratrechina sp. 1
62. Paratrechina sp. 4
63. Paratrechina sp. 5
64. Paratrechina sp. 6
65. Paratrechina sp. 13
66. Paratrechina sp. 18
67. Paratrechina sp. 20
68. Pseudolasius sp. 7
69. Pseudolasius sp. 15
70. Pseudolasius sp. 17
71. Myrmoteras barbouri Creighton
72. Myrmoteras diastematum Moffett
73. Acropyga sp. 8
74. Acropyga sp. 9

Subfamily LEPTANILLINAE
75. Leptanilla sp. 1

Subfamily MYRMICINAE
76. Crematogaster difformis Fr. Smith
77. Crematogaster rogenhoferi Mayr
78. Crematogaster sp. 66
79. Crematogaster sp. 67
80. Strumigenys sp. 15
81. Strumigenys sp. 23
82. Strumigenys sp. 32
83. Strumigenys sp. 33
84. Smithistruma jacobsoni Menozzi
85. Cardyocondyla emeryi Forel
86. Cardyocondyla nuda (Mayr)
87. Acanthomyrmex ferox Emery
88. Pristomyrmex sp. 2
89. Myrmecina sp. 10
90. Myrmicaria arachnoides (Fr. Smith)
91. Myrmicaria lutea Emery
92. Pheidole plagiaria Fr. Smith
93. Pheidole quadrensis Forel
94. Pheidole sauberi Forel (Pheidole sp. eg-11)
95. Pheidole sp. eg-15
96. Pheidole fervens Fr. Smith (Pheidole sp. eg-17)
97. Pheidole sp. eg-30 (aff. P. hortensis Forel)
98. Pheidole huberi Forel (Pheidole sp. eg-34)
99. Pheidole sp. eg-38
100. Pheidole sp. eg-52
101. Pheidole rinae Emery (Pheidole sp. eg-56)
102. Pheidole sp. eg-83
103. Pheidole sauberi sarawakana Forel?
104. Pheidole sp. B
105. Pheidole sp. (minor of longipes (Fr. Smith) group)
106. Pheidologeton silenus (Fr. Smith)
107. Monomorium pharaonis (Linnaeus)
108. Lordomyrma postpetiolaris Taylor (M. S.)
109. Dacetinops cirrosus Taylar
110. Dacetinops concinnus Taylar
111. Tetramorium adpressum (Bolton)
112. Tetramorium bicarinatum (Nylander)
113. Tetramorium sp. 17
114. Eurhopalothrix platisquama Taylor
115. Eurhopalothrix sp. 3

116. Eurhopalothrix sp. 4
117. Crematogaster modiglianii Emery
118. Crematogaster sp. 12 aff. tumidula Emery
119. Crematogaster sp. 65
120. Strumigenys sp. 5
121. Strumigenys sp. 11
122. Strumigenys sp. 12
123. Strumigenys sp. 29
124. Labidogenys sp. 1
125. Smithistruma sp. 2
126. Vollenhovia fridae Forel (=pertinax (Fr. Smith))
127. Acanthomyrmex concavus Moffett
128. Pristomyrmex sp. 9
129. Myrmecina sp. 1
130. Myrmecina sp. 3
131. Myrmecina sp. 11
132. Pheidole aristotelis Forel
133. Pheidole hortensis Forel
134. Pheidole nodgii tjibodana Forel
135. Pheidole sp. eg-4
136. Pheidole aglae Forel (Pheidole sp. eg-9)
137. Pheidole sp. eg-12
138. Pheidole sp. eg-21
139. Pheidole butteli Forel (Pheidole sp. eg-22)
140. Pheidole sp. eg-25
141. Pheidole sp. eg-41
142. Pheidole sp. eg-46
143. Lophomyrmex bedoti Emery
144. Recurvidris browni Bolton
145. Recurvidris kemneri (Wheeler & Wheeler)
146. Recurvidris sp. 2
147. Pheidologeton affinis (Jerdon)
148. Pheidologeton pygmaeus Emery
149. Oligomyrmex sp. 3
150. Oligomyrmex sp. 4
151. Oligomyrmex sp. 5
152. Oligomyrmex sp. 10
153. Oligomyrmex sp. 12
154. Solenopsis sp. 1
155. Solenopsis sp. 7
156. Solenopsis sp. 9
157. Monomorium sp. 1
158. Monomorium sechellense Emery
159. Monomorium talpa Emery
160. Proatta butteli Forel
161. Calyptomyrmex sp. 5
162. Tetramorium aptum Bolton
163. Tetramorium curtulum Emery
164. Tetramorium meshena Bolton
165. Tetramorium noratum Bolton
166. Tetramorium pacificum Mayr
167. Tetramorium parvum Bolton
168. Tetramorium sp. 1(a)

Subfamily PONERINAE
169. Gnamptogenys sp.
170. Platythyrea tricuspidata Emery
171. Anochetus sp. 1
172. Anochetus sp. 4
173. Anochetus sp. 13
174. Odontomachus rixosus Fr. Smith
175. Myopias sp. 9
176. Myopias sp. 11
177. Pachycondyla amblyops (Emery)
178. Pachycondyla tridentata Fr. Smith
179. Pachycondyla sp. 18
180. Pachycondyla sp. 20
181. Brachyponera sp. 1
182. Diacamma intricatum Fr. Smith
183. Hypoponera sp. 21
184. Leptogenys borneensis Wheeler
185. Leptogenys chalybaea (Emery)
186. Leptogenys diminuta (Fr. Smith)
187. Leptogenys kitteli (Mayr)
188. Leptogenys myops (Emery)
189. Leptogenys processionalis (Jerdon)
190. Leptogenys sp. 39
191. Gnamptogenys sp. 7
192. Anochetus agilis Emery
193. Prionopelta sp. 1
194. Discothyrea sp. 1
195. Gnamptogenys menadensis (Mayr)
196. Gnamptogenys sp. 18
197. Gnamptogenys sp. 22
198. Anochetus graeffei Mayr
199. Anochetus rugosus Fr. Smith
200. Anochetus tua Brown
201. Anochetus sp. 7
202. Anochetus sp. 14
203. Myopias sp. 13
204. Odontoponera nitens Creighton
205. Pachycondyla sharpi (Forel)
206. Pachycondyla sp. 14
207. Pachycondyla sp. aff. rubra (Fr. Smith) (= Mesoponera sp. 2)
208. Diacamma sculptulatum Fr. Smith
209. Cryptopone sp. 1
210. Cryptopone sp. 2
211. Hypoponera sp. 2
212. Hypoponera sp. 5
213. Hypoponera sp. 5(b)
214. Hypoponera sp. 8
215. Hypoponera sp. 18
216. Hypoponera sp. 19
217. Hypoponera sp. 22
218. Hypoponera sp. 26
219. Hypoponera sp. 32
220. Hypoponera sp. 33
221. Hypoponera sp. 37
222. Hypoponera sp. 38
223. Hypoponera sp. 40
224. Ponera sp. 1
225. Ponera sp. 2
226. Ponera sp. 10
227. Ponera sp. 13
228. Ponera sp. 14
229. Ponera sp. 15

Subfamily PSEUDOMYRMICINAE
230. Tetraponera sp. 25